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The present studies aimed at finding the best concentration of chlorpyrifos and fipronil following mixing with the same and different soil depths in laboratory and field trials. Barrier efficacy of these insecticides was measured by determining wood weight loss kept as bait on the treated soils in the field experiment and length of galleries in the laboratory experiments. Results showed that termites were able to penetrate galleries treated with both insecticides at variable distances. Length of gallery and repellence was concentration dependent. Five percent concentration of both insecticides at 45 cm was the best treatment in comparison with other combination of concentration and soil depths. Maximum gallery length and repellence was observed after the application of chlorpyrifos in comparison with fipronil. Fipronil applied at different concentrations following mixing with the same and with different soil depths was the best treatment as a standard pre-construction step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to determine efficacy of four neonicotinoids viz; nitenpyram 10SL, thiacloprid 480SC, imidacloprid 200SL, acetamaprid 20SL and four traditional insecticides such as profenofos 50EC, methidathion 40EC, bifenthrin 10EC, λ-cyhalothrin 2.5EC at their recommended field doses against sucking insect pests of cotton and their natural enemies on cotton variety Bt-121 at a farmers' field in Multan. The data on post spray number of insect per leaf was taken to find difference among treatments. The results showed that nitenpyram, thiacloprid and imidacloprid were safer to natural enemies and toxic for the sucking pests as compared to conventional insecticides. The range of percent survival of the green lacewings (42.5-87.5 and 37.5-57.5), lady bird beetle (50.0-60.0 and 26.6-46.6) and pirate bug (28.0-60.0 and 24.0-57.0) was in neonicotinoids and conventional insecticide treated plots, respectively. The use of neonicotinoids for compatibility into integrated pest management is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sap and heart wooden stakes of Acacia nilotica var. indica, after seasoning and castor bean (Ricinis communis) oil application for exposure to workers of the termites, Odontotermes obesus (Ramb.), were placed in soil pits in completely randomised design with three replications. In each of seasoning and oil application, per cent weight loss of the wooden stakes were recorded and statistically analysed. Minimum per cent weight loss of sap and heart wooden stakes was observed in maximum period of seasoning (100°C for 15 days in oven drying and 60 days in sun drying method) and highest concentration of castor bean oil (20%) by vacuum pressure application. These results are discussed in relation to seasoning and castor bean oil application for wood protection against subterranean termites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]