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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan pengembangan modul perangkat pembelajaran integrasi PAI dan sains, kepraktisan modul alat pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan PAI dan Sains serta efektifitas modul perangkat pembelajaran integrasi PAI dan Sains dalam Meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian R&D (Research and Development) pendekatan ADDIE. Subjek yang digunakan merupakan siswa kelas VII SMP Swasta Islam An-Nizam Medan sementara objek penelitiannya adalah kemampuan dalam mengembangkan modul perangkat pembelajaran integrasi PAI dan Sains. Tes, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi adalah bentuk instrument yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa kelayakan modul dievaluasi melalui validasi ahli materi dan ahli perangkat. Persentase validasi ahli materi mencapai 52,5%, termasuk dalam kategori cukup valid, sedangkan validasi ahli perangkat mencapai 72,5%, termasuk dalam kategori valid. Skor rata-rata keseluruhan validasi adalah 62,5%, dengan kategori valid. Adapun kepraktisan modul diuji melalui uji terbatas dan uji lapangan. Persentase kepraktisan dari uji terbatas adalah 78,33%, termasuk dalam kategori praktis. Sedangkan dari uji lapangan, persentasenya adalah 89,02%, termasuk dalam kategori sangat praktis. Skor rata-rata keseluruhan kepraktisan adalah 83,67%, dengan kategori sangat praktis. Sedangkan untuk efektivitas modul dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa diukur dengan normalized gain (N-Gain) sebesar 0,52, yang termasuk dalam kategori efektif. Dengan demikian, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa pengembangan modul perangkat pembelajaran integrasi PAI dan Sains efektif dalam memperbaiki pencapaian prestasi belajar siswa.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media solar system untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPA siswa di kelas VI di sekolah YPI Syifaurrahmah yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Develovment (R&D) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysys, Design, Develovment, Implementations, Evaluation) yang telah di uji cobakan di lapangan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi, respon angket guru dan siswa, dan test hasil hasil pre-test dan post-test berupa uraian yang berjumlah 6 soal.kesimpulan dalam peneliian ini adalah menyatakan bahawa media solar system pada materi tata surya yang dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE dikategorikan sangat valid, sangat praktis, dan dikategorikan sangat efektif sehingga layak untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran bagi siswa kelas VI YPI Syifaurrahmah Medan.

Research purposes this is to produce a product in the form of a water cycle diorama media that is feasible, practical, and effective for increasing the ability to think critically. Methods applied in research This is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The population in this research was class V Mis Madinatussalam students, consisting of 30 students. Meanwhile, sampling in this study used a total sampling technique or used the entire population as the research sample. The data collection techniques used by researchers in this research were interviews, tests, and questionnaires. This research uses qualitative data through observation, interviews, and LKPD, while quantitative data is used through pre-test and post-test. In this research, the data obtained was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis is used to describe the product development process. Quantitative analysis is used to describe product quality assessments, response questionnaires, and test learning outcomes through effectiveness tests. The results of data analysis are used for product improvement. The use of diorama media at the time is feasible, practical, and effective for students in fifth-grade elementary school. The effectiveness of diorama media was measured using the N-gain test. The average pre-test and post-test was 0.41, with a percentage of 41% in the medium category. Future researchers can develop diorama media on different subjects to improve other 4C skills, such as creative thinking, collaboration, and communication.

Purpose – This study explores the effectiveness of Comic-Based Student Worksheets (LKPD) in enhancing student interest and learning outcomes in Fiqh education at Madrasah Ibtida’iyah. It addresses the gap in conventional teaching methods by integrating visual learning strategies through comics, aiming to captivate students and improve their understanding and retention of Fiqh concepts. Design/methods/approach – Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study developed a comic-based LKPD and assessed its validity, practicality, and efficacy. The design process followed a meticulous framework to ensure the LKPD’s content was both educationally relevant and engaging. Data were collected through observations, document analysis, and product evaluations, using Likert scales for validity and practicality assessments, as well as pretest-posttest measures for efficacy evaluation. Findings – Findings indicate a significant improvement in students’ interest and learning outcomes, with a notable increase in engagement and academic achievement. The comic-based LKPD not only made Fiqh lessons more interactive but also facilitated a deeper understanding of the subject matter, evidencing the potential of comics in educational material design. Research implications – The implications of this research are twofold. For educators, it underscores the value of incorporating comic-based learning materials to enhance engagement and comprehension. The field of education suggests a novel approach to teaching Fiqh and potentially other subjects, advocating for a broader application of visual learning tools.

This research aims develop CPS learning media based on the Intelligen Tutoring System to improve the HOTS abilities of Science Education Students, especially the Colligative Properties of Solutions material. The method used in this research is research and development with 4D (four-D) design, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. The definition stage, learning objectives are formulated, the design stage is carried out by designing learning media, while at the development stage, learning media are validated by media experts and material experts, the dissemination stage is carried out via YouTube and Unib e-learning. The results of the research show that the learning media validation scores by material experts and media experts are respectively at 73 and 55 in the "Very Appropriate" category. The results of students' assessment of the feasibility of learning media were in the "Very feasible" category with conversion score of 34,94. Student responses to CPS learning media showed a mean score of 252,8 with conversion value of 4,23 in the "strongly agree" category. Student HOTS in this study was measured using pretest and posttest questions which had been prepared using HOTS indicator. Based on the evaluation results, it is known that the average student pretest score is 53,38 and the student posttest is 81,98. Meanwhile, the N-Gain value is 0,61 in the "medium" category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the CPS learning media developed is very suitable for use in supporting the learning process and can increase the HOTS of science education students.

Berpikir kritis merupakan suatu proses berpikir yang dilakukan secara sadar dan melibatkan aspek keterampilan dan sikap tertentu oleh setiap individu dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan dengan penalaran logis Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh media kotak sifat cahaya (kosica) terhadap kemampuan berfikir kritis peserta didik dalam pembelajaran IPA di Kelas IV SD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara random, Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian.. Penelitian ini menggunakan One-Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design sebagai desain Pra-eksperimental. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tes berpikir kritis. Sampel dalam peneletian ini melibatkan dua kelas yaitu kelas IV A adalah kelas eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan dan kelas IV B yang menjadi kelas control yang tidak diberi perlakuan. Hasil dari tes sebelum dan sesudah menunjukkan peningkatan pada setiap indikator berpikir kritis yang diselidiki. Selain itu, penggunaan media kotak sifat cahaya (kosica) secara signifikan mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada mata pelajaran IPA di kelas IV SD, sehingga menghasilkan peningkatan yang signifikan dari kurang baik menjadi sangat baik. Para siswa juga meningkatkan nilai rata-rata post-test mereka dari 54,81 menjadi 82,90. Penggunaan media kotak sifat cahaya (kosica) meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik, berdasarkan uji-t sampel berpasangan. Kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik meningkat secara signifikan setelah diberikan perlakuan yaitu media kotak sifat cahaya (kosica). Kesimpulannya, media kotak sifat cahaya (kosica) meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada mata pelajaran IPA di kelas IV SD secara signifikan.

This study aims to reveal and analyze the effect of SICABOX learning media on the scientific thinking ability of science students in grade IV SD. This type of research is experimental research with a quantitative approach. This experimental research is classified into pre experimental form of one group pretest posttest design. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, documentation and tests (pretest and posttest). The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis to calculate the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance. Requirements analysis with normality test, homogeneity test, and through independent t-test. The results of the study using the t-test state that the results of the posttest hypothesis test calculation obtained a sig. (tailed) value of 0.001

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode eksperimen terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik usia Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu(Quasi-Experimental) dengan pretest posttest non equivalent control group design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas IV salah satu Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negri di Kota Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas IV Medan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik nonprobability sampling sehingga dipilih kelas IVD sebagai kelas Eksperimen dengan pembelajaran menggunakan metode eksperimen dan kelas IVC sebagai kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran metode konvensional. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Uji hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Paired Sample t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, (1) pembelajaran menggunakan metode eksperimen berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik usia Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, (2) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis menggunakan metode eksperimen dan metode konvensional.

Support Vector Regression (SVR) is a supervised learning algorithm to predict continuous variable values. The basic goal of the SVR algorithm is to find the most suitable decision line. SVR has been successfully applied to several issues in time series prediction. In this research, SVR is used to predict the price of staple commodity, which are constantly changing in price at any time due to several factors making it difficult for the public to get groceries that are easy to reach. National staple commodity data consisting of 17 commodities, including shallots, honan garlic, kating garlic, medium rice, premium rice, red cayenne peppers, curly red chilies, red chili peppers, meat of broiler chicken, beef hamstrings, granulated sugar, imported soybeans, bulk cooking oil, premium packaged cooking oil, simple packaged cooking oil, broiler chicken eggs, and wheat flour. With a data set for the last 3 years, including from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. There are 3 variables in the data set, namely commodity, date, and price. This research divides the entire dataset into 80% training and 20% testing data. The results of this research show that SVR using the RBF kernel produces good forecasting accuracy for all datasets with an average Mean Square Error (MSE) training data of 6,005 while data testing is 6,062, Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of training data is 6,730 while data testing is 6.6831, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) training data is 0.0148 while data testing is 0.0147, and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) training data is 7.772 while data testing is 7.746.

This study aims to determine the potential and feasibility of Tahura ecotourism. This research was conducted in the ecotourism area of ​​the Bontobahari Tahura Utilization Block. The data analysis method was guided by the Guidelines for Analysis of Working Areas of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions (ADO-ODTWA) of the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation of 2003 and was analyzed using scoring according to the criteria contained in the Guidelines for Analysis of Operational Areas of Operational Objects and Natural Tourist Attractions of the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation 2003. Calculations for each of these criteria use tabulation where the numbers obtained from the results of the assessment whose weight values ​​are guided by the Assessment of Working Areas of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions of the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Conservation 2003. Ecotourism Feasibility Assessment Method with a predetermined value for each criterion. The potential and feasibility of Bontobahari Tahura ecotourism has the potential to be developed with a feasibility index of 84%.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi sistem respirasi manusia dengan menguji kevalidan, kepraktis, dan keefektifan LKPD sehingga memberikan pengalaman belajar yang lebih aktif dan mendalam bagi peserta didik. Pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing dalam LKPD ini dirancang untuk mendorong siswa aktif mencari, mengamati, dan menyusun informasi secara mandiri. Melalui serangkaian kegiatan yang terstruktur yang dilakukan, diharapkan siswa dapat mengembangkan keterampilan analisis dan sintesis, serta memperoleh pemahaman yang kokoh tentang fungsi serta mekanisme sistem respirasi manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan disekolah SMAS Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan. Adapun metode penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian Research and Development (R&D) dengan model (define,design,develop,,dessiminate). untuk instrumen penelitian menggunakan instrumen lembar wawancara sebagai data awal atau sebagai dasar pengembangan yang akan dilakukan. Kemudian data dilakukan analisis melalui lembar validitas oleh ahli media dan materi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing yang dikembangkan mendapatkan kriteria sangat praktis dengan presentase 87⁰/⁰ (ahli media), 89⁰/⁰ (ahli materi), dan 100⁰/⁰ (respon guru biologi), serta 100⁰/⁰ (respon peserta didik). LKPD dikatakan efektif berdasarkan nilai n-gain dengan skor 1,32 kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan paparan di atas maka LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing yang dikembangkan layak,praktis,dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran didalam kelas pada pembelajaran biologi materi sistem respirasi manusia.

The auditor must have high competence, be independent and be able to operate information technologies to ensure the high quality of the audit. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of information technology, competence and independence on audit quality in the South Sulawesi BPKP office with motivation as a moderating variable. This is a quantitative research using primary data. The population in this study was 126 auditors; the sample was 51 auditors who met predetermined criteria. The selection of auditors was carried out based on compliance with two criteria: 1) work experience of three years or more; 2) education not lower than a bachelor's degree in accounting. Hypothesis testing used in this study uses a t-test with the help of Smart PLS 3.2 software. The results of this study indicate that information technology, competence, and independence have a positive and significant impact on audit quality. Therefore, companies should pay considerable attention to the development of auditors' competence, analyze their relationship with audit objects, and implement information technologies to increase user confidence in audit results. Of course, motivation is a driver of self-development and effective work, but in this study, motivation does not moderate the impact of information technology and independence on audit quality. At the same time, the interaction relationship between competence and motivation affects audit quality. This means that an auditor will continue to get motivated to increase his knowledge due to several factors, especially environmental factors. So, the deeper the knowledge known, the better the auditing results.

Muscle explosiveness is a physical component that contributes from technical ability to karate ability. The kicking technique in karate is a very important skill in attacking movements. It is necessary to provide training so that muscle explosive power, especially in the legs, increases so that technical ability can increase. Squat jump exercises, leg squats, and walking lunges are forms of exercise that can increase muscle explosive power and the ability of karate kicks. This study aimed to determine the contribution of squat jump exercises, leg squats, and walking lunges to the ability to kick in karate. The subjects of this study were 27 female Karate Dojo athletes, the subject collection technique was total sampling by recruiting all 27 female athletes. The instruments used in this study were for initial and final test measurements using Mawashi Geri's kick ability test. Data analysis using ANOVA test and statistical prerequisite test using SPSS 25. The results of this study from the results of data analysis with a comparative hypothesis test between posttest values showed a calculated t value < a significant level of 0.05, which means that the provision of squat jumps, leg squats, walking lunges significantly contributed to Mawashi Geri's kicking ability. The conclusion of the results of this study explains that leg muscle power training has contributed to Mawashi Geri's kicking ability, especially in walking lunges training the results of the research are very significant.

This study aims to develop teaching materials in the form of Student Worksheets based on Contextual Teaching and Learning in Biology learning that are valid, practical, and effective in Ecosystem material. This type of research is research and development using the 4D model, namely, Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate. This research was conducted at SMA Muhammdiyah O9 Kualuh Hulu for the 2022/2023 academic year. The data were collected by using validation sheet, students response, and test instruments. Furthermore, data analyzed descriptively by using percentage and n-gain formula. The product stated valid by media (86%) and material (89%) validators. The practicality analysis result shows that the product developed very practical to use for facilitating students learning outcomes. The N-Gain results in this study obtained a value of 0.84 in the High category. Based on the current study finding, it can be concluded that the student worksheets based on contextual teaching and learning develoved were valid, practical, and effective to facilitate students’ learning outcomes in ecosystem learning material.

This study aims to determine whether the Crossword Puzzle media has an effect on Critical Thinking of Class III students of MIS Farhan Syarif Hidayah on Jalan Orde Baru Gg, pipit Desa Muliorejo Kec. Sunggal district. Serdang deli. This research is a quantitative study using quasi-experimental methods. The research design used was a non-equivalent control group design. The population for this study was class III A consist of twenty students as experiment and class III B MIS consist of twenty students as control class. The results showed that there were differences in the ability to think critically on the subject of the characteristics of living things. The increase in critical thinking skills can be seen in the results of students' critical thinking tests in the experimental class after using crossword puzzle learning media and before using crossword puzzle learning media. The average post-test score for the experimental class was 84.50 and the post-test average score for the control class was 72.50. It can be concluded that there is an influence of the Crossword Puzzle learning method on students' critical thinking skills in class III MIS Farhan Syarif Hidayah and according to Researchers using crossword puzzle learning media can help students in repetition and habituation activities, so that students will easily learn material that is difficult in natural sciences. Learning media functions as a learning resource and a way for students to obtain information from the teacher. The benefits of learning media include guidelines for teachers to achieve quality learning objectives, increase students' interest and motivation in learning and make students think more critically.

Tulisan ini memaparkan tentang Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Implementasi Model Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Pada Materi Program Linear Kelas XI-3 MIPA SMAN 1 Penajam Paser Utara dilakukan pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 dengan Jumlah siswa 33. Masalah yang diteliti adalah aktivitas belajar siswa, aktivitas mengajar guru yang diperoleh dari lembar okservasi, peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pengetahuan dan praktek.diukur dari hasil tes. Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang telah dilaksanakan 2 (dua) siklus.Analisis data deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik presentase. Hasil yang dicapai siswa dalam pembelajaran Program Linear dengan menggunakan penerapan model kooperatif tipe Jigsaw hal ini dapat dilihat dari data hasil observasi terhadap aktivitas siswa meningkat dari 73.38 % pada siklus pertama menjadi 84.38 % pada siklus ke dua.Meningkatnya aktivitas siswa dalam PBM didukung oleh meningkatnya aktivitas guru dalam mempertahanakan dan meningkatkan suasana pembelajaran yang mengarah pada pembelajaran kooperatif model kooperatif tipe Jigsaw. Guru intensif membimbing siswa terutama saat siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam PBM dapat dilihat dari hasil observasi aktivitas guru dalam PBM meningkat dari 75 % pada siklus pertama menjadi 91,67 % pada siklus kedua.Meningkatnya aktivitas siswa dalam melaksanakan evaluasi terhadap kemampuan siswa menguasai materi pembelajaran .Hal ini berdasarkan hasil evaluasi pada siklus pertama nilai rata-rata 75,85 dengan presentasi ketuntasan 76 %.meningkat pada siklus kedua menjadi nilai rata-rata 81.45 dengan presentase ketuntasan 97 % . Respon siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran meningkat siklus Pertama kreteria positif presentase 90,91 % ,kreteria sangat positif 3,03 % dan kreteria ragu–ragu 6,06 %. Pada siklus kedua kreteria positif presentase 72.73 % dan kreteria sangat positif presentase 27,27 %, jadi Respon siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran tergolong sangat baik

Traditional games must be adapted for the present since they have cultural values that need to be conserved for future generations. This study attempts to create an EFAS (Engklek Fun and Smart) medium version of a typical game product. With research experience at IES Al-Ittihadiyah Berastagi, this study applies the Research and Development (R&D) technique. Forty-five first graders of Islamic Elementary School (IES) Al-Ittihadiyah Berastagi became the study participants. The findings indicate that the EFAS medium is recognized as valid. The "Very Valid" category showed an 89.63% score for the EFAS medium. It is also claimed that the EFAS medium is useful. This information came from a survey of the students and teachers’ opinions. Twenty-five students completed a questionnaire on the EFAS medium, and the questionnaire received 9.6% in the "Very Practical" category. A score of 97.5% in the "Very Practical" category came from the teachers’ response to the supplied statement. The results of the two questionnaires indicate that the teachers and students’ replies are categorized as being very practical. Third, the EFAS medium is deemed operational. This was demonstrated by the fact that the students were able to respond to the ASK and DO question instruments both in writing and orally with a score of 92% during the learning process utilizing EFAS. Written responses to EFAS infer that it can be an "effective" medium, whereas oral responses indicate that the medium can help students develop their communication abilities. This justifies the declaration that the EFAS medium is legitimate, applicable, and useful for enhancing students' communication skills.

Domestic wastewater is defined as wastewater contains various hazardous chemicals and microbes which causes environmental pollutions especially the source mainly for raw water sources as the drinking water from rivers and lakes, either the ground water. The importance in protecting and preserving environmental functions, thus obliged the regional government in Luwu Regency to manage the domestic wastewater. This study aims to understand the urgency of Establishing a Regional Regulation Concerning Wastewater Management in Luwu Regency. Through empirical juridical research conducted by the researcher to obtain research results i.e. The management of domestic wastewater in Luwu Regency is not yet optimal. Communities need adequate facilities and infrastructure e.g vacuum trucks and IPLT, education on domestic waste management to require the participations of the communities and private sectors can play an active role, and integrated funding and institutional needs. Luwu Regency needs the regulations in the form of Regional Regulations which is technically regulate the management of domestic wastewater in the particular importance for the community to have a better quality and healthy living environment to support the development of the good health and well-being of the communities.

This study aims to analyze the application of inventory accounting to the applicable standard which are applied by the object of Regional Public Hospital. The applicable standard referred to in this study is the Statement of Government Accounting Standards Number 05 concerning inventory accounting, which is contained in Government Regulation Number 71 of 2010. The hospital which is the object of this research is RSUD Prov. Jawa Timur. This Study uses a quantitative data analysis method and a literature study approach. Sources of data use secondary data in the form performance report BLUD of the official hospital website. The result of this study indicates that the application of the Medicines Inventory Accounting at Regional Public Hospital has been applied in accordance with the government Accounting Standards Statement (PSAP) Number 05.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in a country's economic growth. However, MSMEs often face challenges in managing their operations. This article aims to describe the role of technology and accounting information systems in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of MSME operations. This research uses the literature review method to analyze previously published articles, books, and other related sources. The results of this literature review reveal that technology and accounting information systems have become important tools in helping MSMEs overcome various obstacles in managing their business. Technologies such as accounting software, electronic payment systems and e-commerce platforms have changed the way MSMEs operate and communicate with their customers. This research also highlights the benefits provided by technology in optimizing inventory management, financial monitoring, and data analysis for better decision-making.

The validity of the use of financial statements as a source of information for detecting financial distress is questionable because of the opportunistic behaviour of the company’s management. This study aims to analyse the effect of accrual earnings management, real earnings management, and family control on the Z-score financial distress prediction. Using the sample that includes 372 firm years of observations for the 2017 to 2019 periods listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, this study found that accrual earnings management, real earnings management, and family control variables affect the Z-score financial distress prediction and cause a higher probability for the company to be in the category of better financial condition. The novelty of this study lies in earnings management and family control as factors that affect the category of assessment and the probability of assessing the company’s financial condition as a better company. Empirical evidence from this study is important for investors and company creditors, as input to consider these factors in using the company’s financial distress prediction model. For standard setters, the results of this study can be used as input for establishing corporate governance design rules to improve the quality of financial information.

Bus transportation existence in Central Kalimantan is very important because it is able to carry out mass transportation, connecting and reaching all areas of Central Kalimantan. This research was conducted to obtain the appropriate amount of vehicle operating costs and passenger fares to be applied under normal conditions and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires, namely vehicle operating costs components data and passenger trips data. Analysis was carried out based on Decree of Transportation Minister No. KM. 89 of 2002. Vehicle operating costs per seat kilometer for the Palangka Raya – Pangkalan Bun route on the Damri Bus are IDR 131.04/seat-km, while the Logos Bus is IDR 170.97/seat-km. Under normal conditions, the Damri Bus fare is IDR 190,453/passenger, while the Logos Bus fare is IDR 134,241/passenger. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Damri Bus fare was IDR 216,707/pnp, while the Logos bus fare was IDR 198,435/pnp.

This research aims to analyze the effect of sukuk structure and sukuk guarantee status on sukuk rating. The research was conducted based on companies in the financial sector and non-financial sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and included in the rating conducted by PT Pefindo for the period 2015-2019. A total of 65 samples were selected using purposive sampling method. The data source in this study is secondary data in the form of the company's annual financial statements. The data analysis methods used are ordinal logistic regression analysis The results showed that the sukuk structure has an opportunity to lower the sukuk rating, while the sukuk guarantee status has the opportunity to increase the sukuk rating. Then for simultaneous test results, sukuk structure and sukuk guarantee status have an effect on sukuk rating.

The extent of Indonesia's mangrove forests has decreased in recent decades, generally influenced by anthropogenic factors including in Kotabaru Regency of South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. It is necessary to prepare alternative livelihoods and sustainable use of mangrove areas as an effort to reduce pressure on mangrove forests, through cultivation in mangrove areas (silvofishery) and ecotourism. One of the methods used to map the potential of ecotourism is by using a descriptive analysis approach and SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats). The potential suitability of mangrove ecotourism can be assessed by: 1) identified the SWOT factors according to local characteristics then calculating weights and scores of these parameters; 2) field survey to acquire the thickness of mangrove vegetation from coast to land, mangrove density, mangrove species, tidal water levels in mangrove areas, aquatic and terrestrial biota objects that interact in mangroves, accessibility, and connectivity with other tourism area. The strategies for mangrove conservation at provincial level which have been formulated using SWOT approach, then derived into action plan at regional level by identifying a potential site for this purpose. Based on Mangrove Tourism Suitability Index, this site gains a total score of 2.81, (very appropriate category). Recommended mangrove ecotourism activities can be integrated with shrimp/milkfish/crab in silvofishery area which will be managed by local communities, as well as mangrove breeding and mangrove planting activities for mangroves species that naturally grow in the area.

This study aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of LKPD based on scientific literacy. The research method uses development or R&D, which is applied to the 4D model, which includes Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating. Data sources were obtained through questionnaires or distributed questionnaires to determine validation and practicality tests. In contrast, data obtained through pretest and posttest were used to determine the effectiveness analysis of the developed LKPD. Data analysis techniques use quantitative methods by calculating Likert scale values and N-gain. The population in this study were 30 students of class X IPA 1 at Prima Tembung Private High School. The sampling used in this study is probability sampling, where every student has the same opportunity. The validity test of LKPD is used to evaluate the developed LKPD, which is measured using instruments in the form of validation from media experts and material experts. The practical test results for teacher and student responses were 75% and 79.62%, respectively, indicating that LKPD was very practical. The analysis of the LPKD effectiveness test was obtained through an N-gain score of 0.44 in the moderate category in improving students' scientific literacy abilities. Thus, scientific literacy-based LKPD on ecosystem material for class X high school developed by researchers proved to be valid, practical, and effective.

Syllable card media is a tool aimed at enhancing students' early reading skills by visualizing images and syllables that are affixed to a board. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Influence of Syllable Card Media on Reading Ability Quality of Students. The research was conducted at a public elementary school in Deli Serdang, with the subjects being second semester first-grade students, consisting of two classes: class IA and 1B. The research utilized a quantitative method with a Quasi-Experimental approach. The results from the Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated an Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). This leads to the conclusion that the "Hypothesis is Accepted," implying a difference in students' early reading ability using media between the Pre-Test and Post-Test. Thus, it is evident that Syllable Card Media has an Influence on the Quality of Reading Ability among Students. The recommendation from this research is for educators to utilize media in teaching to enhance early reading skills.

Because women in Indonesian society gain more experience in the family, one of which is education instilled through family gender culture, women's career aspirations are believed to have their own characteristics. In today's society, the current condition of female students' career expectations is apprehensive. Most of the female students do not have any professional characteristics, such as career aspirations. This research involving 109 female students from various cultural contexts will divide their findings into two categories: patriarchal family education and matriarchal family education. The main objective of this research is to investigate the career expectations of female students in relation to patriarchal and matriarchal family education, and to compare the two household categories. As a result, the majority of female students from societies that place a patriarchal emphasis on gender have expectations of career self-efficacy, whereas those from societies that place a matriarchal emphasis on gender have expectations of outcomes. Parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for comparative analysis. The test results show F = 75.011 for career expectations on self-efficacy and F = 145.467 for outcome expectation (OE). 0.000 is a significant value for both variations.

Direct cash transfer (BLT-DD) is a social assistance program that aims to help people in need, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. transparency and accountability are both very important things in managing BLT-DD so that the program can run well, effectively, and efficientl. This systematic literature review research aims to determine whether the management of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT-DD) has been transparent and accountable. The method of writing a systematic literature review article goes through 5 stages starting from the problem formulation stage to the analysis stage and understanding the results of previous research. The literature search process is used by the library search method which is sourced from online media such as Google Scholar. The results of the systematic literature review of 12 articles used as references show show that the majority of BLT-DD management has been carried out with transparency and accountability. However, some research results state that its management cannot be said to be maximally accountable and transparent because there are still some shortcomings in its implementation. This should be a concern for village governments to improve the human resources of village officials and their accountability reporting in order to create accountable and transparent management of public funds

Developing nations have the task of effectively managing their external debt. The government is urged to comprehend the decisive component in managing its external debt, despite the varying viewpoints among economists. In addition, the world sees the need for institutional quality to optimize its economic policy. Institutional quality shows accountability, stability, effectiveness, quality, law, and trust. Our research examines the determinant factors of external debt and discusses the policy to manage external debt. We regress the inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate, trade openness, and institutional quality on external debt. This study also uses moderated regression analysis to examine the interaction between institutional quality and macroeconomic indicators on external debt. We selected 52 samples from five ASEAN developing countries from 2008 to 2019. The first study found that the inflation rate, interest rate, and institutional quality have a negative impact on external debt, while the exchange rate and trade openness have a positive impact on external debt. Next, we were surprised that institutional quality could not moderate the relationship between the inflation rate, exchange rate, and interest rate on external debt. Further, it only moderated the relationship between trade openness and external debt. In the end, we discuss the external debt determinants from the selected ASEAN developing countries with the theories.

This research was conducted to know the extent to which students have reached their basic knowledge because, if it is too late, it will become a risk for evaluation and improvement in the future. They also will find it difficult when teaching their students later. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the inquiry learning model and the student's basic knowledge about the material "the nature and change of object form" with the Quizizz game. Researchers used qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Data analysis used the model of Matthew B. Milles A. Michael Huberman which consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. From the results of the study, the implementation of the inquiry learning model on the material "the nature of change in the shape of objects" has six stages, namely, the lecturer prepares RPS and LKPD, while students raise questions, conduct experiments, and observations, explain the results of observations, and do quizzes using "Quizizz games". The Quizizz game has 15 questions, with a sample of 23 PGMI students. After applying the inquiry learning model, the basic knowledge of PGMI students whose scores are above 80% are 19 students, and those below 80% are four students. This is based on the data obtained by the researchers from the student Quizizz game scores. So, it can be concluded that in the implementation of the inquiry learning model, Quizizz games can be used as a supporting medium to determine the basic knowledge of students about the nature of change in the shape of objects. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pentingnya pengetahuan dasar mahasiswa karena, jika hal ini terlambat diketahui, ini akan berdampak pada evaluasi dan perbaikan di kemudian hari. Mereka juga kesulitan ketika mengajar siswa-siswi nantinya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi model pembelajaran inkuiri pada materi “sifat dan perubahan wujud benda” berbantuan game Quizizz dan pengaruhnya terhadap pengetahuan dasar mahasiswa. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Analisis data menggunakan model Mattew B. Milles A. Michael Huberman yang terdiri atas reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian implementasi model pembelajaran inkuiri pada materi sifat perubahan wujud benda terdapat enam tahapan, yaitu dosen menyiapkan RPS dan LKPD, mahasiswa membuat pertanyaan, melakukan percobaan, pengamatan, memaparkan hasil pengamatan, dan mengerjakan kuis menggunakan game Quizizz. Game Quizizz terdiri dari 15 butir soal, dengan sampel 23 mahasiswa PGMI. Setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran inkuiri, skor pengetahuan dasar mahasiswa PGMI diatas 80% ada 19 mahasiswa dan dibawah 80% ada empat mahasiswa. Hal ini berdasarkan pada data yang didapatkan dari skor game Quizizz mahasiswa. Karena itu disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran inkuiri berbantuan game Quizizz dapat digunakan sebagai media pendukung untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dasar mahasiswa mengenai sifat perubahan wujud benda.

Kemampuan guru dalam membuat dan menerapkan media berbasis teknologi masih kurang di pondok pesantren pengkendekan luwu utara. Kegiatan ini diharapkan mampu memberikan pengetahuan kepada guru tentang bagaimana mengembangkan dan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh guru pendidikan bahasa arab dan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif. Media berbasis teknologi diperkenalkan dan diajrkan penggunaannya kepada peserta. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan guru dalam mengembangkan dan menggunakan media teknologi sudah baik. Selain itu penilaian peserta terhadap kegiatan ini sudah baik dna memiliki dampak positif terhadap diri peserta.

Keberadaan gabungan kelompok tani di daerah pedesaan diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu lokomotif perekonomian terutama bagi anggotanya khususnya Gapoktan Sipakainge Kecamatan Sinjai Timur Kabupaten Sinjai. Namun salah satu kendala yang dihadapi adalah rendahnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan pengurusnya dalam menyusun pembukuan dengan baik. Oleh karena itu pelatihan tentang recording usaha diberikan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis persepsi anggota Gapoktan Sipakainge terhadap pelatihan recording usaha dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan deskriptif mengunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian dan menggunakan skala pengukuran Likert serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar yaitu 83,93% anggota Gapoktan Sipakainge mempersepsikan sangat setuju pelatihan pembukuan telah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan terkait pembukuan usaha. Pelatihan ini memberikan manfaat lainnya yaitu dokumen pembukuan dapat tersedia pada gapoktan yang diperlukan untuk memonitor dan mengevaluasi kinerja usaha gapoktan pada periode tertentu.

Kajian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk dapat mengetahui bagaimana pengimplementasian pendidikan pada jenjang sekolah dasar, dimana kita ketahui pada saat awal tahun 2020 Covid-19 memasuki Indonesia sehingga pembelajaran hanya dilakukan melalui tatap muka. Pada kajian ini kita menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, lalu akan dijabarkan melalui metode observasi berupa penyebaran kuesioner dan peninjauan langsung pada lapangan melihat apa yang terjadi di sekolah tersebut. Dengan informan yang ada yaitu guru, orangtua dan siswa serta kepala sekolah. Dalam menentukan tekniknya informan yaitu antara lain (a) berprofesi sebagai guru di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Balang Boddong (b) orang tua bertugas sebagai pendamping anaknya selama proses pembelajaran secara offline yang dilakukan di rumah yang disediakan datang kesekolah. Dan (c) siswa di sekolah SDN balang boddong cukup memahami cara penggunaan media yang digunakan selama pembelajaran tatap muka di rumah, mereka cukup memahami secara seksama

Elly Munadziroh,1 Giovani Anggasta Putri,2 Vera Ristiana,2 Titien Hary Agustantina,1 Intan Nirwana,1 Fathilah Abdul Razak,1,3 Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo4 1Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia; 2Bachelor of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia; 3Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; 4Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Elly Munadziroh, Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia, Tel +6231-5030255, Email elly-m@fkg.unair.ac.idBackground: The wound healing process can be optimized through the addition of a biomaterial such as recombinant secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (rSLPI). The SLPI is a non-glycosylated proteomic material that inhibits protease enzymes and has anti-inflammatory properties, thus accelerating wound healing. This study analyzed the administration of rSLPI doses 0.04 cc and 0.06 cc in skin wound healing on the CD163 expression of macrophages and cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2).Materials and Methods: rSLPI produced from Escherichia coli TOP10 as the cloning host, BL21 (DE3) strains as the expression host and pET30a plasmids were used for the expression system construction. The wound was created on Wistar rat dorsal skin, then rSLPI 0.04 cc and 0.06 cc was administered. In the next four days, the back skin was biopsied and stained by immunohistochemistry to analyze the CD163, FGF-2, IL-1 and IL-6 expression.Results: The administration of rSLPI increased CD163 and FGF-2 expression dependent on dose (p< 0.05). On the other hand, administration of rSLPI decreased IL-1 and IL-6 expression depending on dose (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The administration of rSLPI is able to accelerate the wound healing process by increasing the CD163 and FGF-2 expression. The cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6 decreased depending on rSLPI doses.Keywords: recombinant secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, wound healing, skin

Green Open Space is an important element in a sustainable city-oriented urban model. This phenomenon is growing and developing and has been widely accepted by urban developers around the world in recent decades. The study of cities and their relation to green open spaces and their effects on the welfare, health, happiness, and satisfaction of city residents with their environment is a topic that has received a lot of attention. This study seeks to examine the social function of green open space which is termed ''social performance”, by measuring the level of intensity of utilization of the facilities in it. The measuring instrument used is the scalogram table. This research was conducted using a survey method with descriptive analysis. Data collection was carried out by observation and documentation techniques. The results showed that the social performance of green open spaces in the Karebosi Field Complex was 49 percent, still in the low category. Of the nine observed variables, it can be seen that the walking track has the highest performance rating, while the lowest are volleyball, softball, and non-sports facilities.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran IPA berorientasi STEM berupa lembar kegiatan mahasiswa (LKM) yang dilengkapi instrumen tes literasi sains (2) mendeskripsikan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dengan penerapan STEM (3) mengetahui kemampuan literasi sains mahasiswa melalui implementasi dalam pembelajaran berbasis STEM pada mata kuliah IPA-1 Materi Suhu dan Kalor di Program Studi Pendidikan IPA FKIP Universitas Bengkulu Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang dirancang 2 siklus dan masing-masing siklus dengan 4 langkah yaitu perencanaan (planning), Tindakan (Acting), observasi (observation), dan refleksi (reflection). Pada tahap perencanaan (planning), dilakukan: (1) pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yaitu (a) LKM (b) soal tes Literasi Sains. (c) instrumen pengamatan aktivitas pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik; (2) Validasi ahli (content validity) perangkat pembelajaran. Pada tahapan Tindakan (Acting), dilakukan implementasi STEM di kelas pada materi Suhu dan Kalor. Kemudian dilakukan observasi (observation) proses pembelajaran dan juga dilakukan tes hasil belajar litarasi sains. Langkah terakhir dilakukan refleksi (reflection) untuk perbaikan perangkat pembelajaran untuk siklus kedua. Hasil penelitian akan diperoleh (1) perangkat pembelajaran yaitu (a) Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (c) Soal tes hasil belajar Literasi Sains (c) instrumen pengamatan aktivitas pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik yang valid dan praktis, (2) hasil belajar lietrasi sains mahasiswa dan (3) deskripsi aktivitas mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran.. Kata Kunci: STEM, Suhu dan Kalor, Literasi Sains, Classroom Action Research ABSTRACT This study aims to (1) produce STEM-oriented science learning tools in the form of student activity sheets (LKM) equipped with scientific literacy test instruments (2) describe student learning activities with the application of STEM (3) determine students' scientific literacy skills through implementation in STEM-based learning in the IPA-1 subject of Temperature and Heat Material at the Science Education Study Program FKIP Bengkulu University in 2021. This research is a classroom action research (Classroom Action Research) designed in 2 cycles and each cycle with 4 steps, namely planning, Action (Acting), observation (observation), and reflection (reflection). At the planning stage, it carried out: (1) development of learning tools, namely (a) Student Worksheet (b) Science Literacy test questions. (c) instruments for observing learning activities with a scientific approach; (2) Expert validation (content validity) of learning devices. At the Action (Acting) stage, the implementation of STEM in the classroom is carried out on the material of Temperature and Heat. Then, an observation of the learning process was carried out and a test of science literacy learning outcomes was also carried out. The last step is reflection to improve learning tools for the second cycle. The results of the research will be obtained (1) learning tools, namely (a) Student Worksheets (c) Science Literacy learning outcomes test questions (c) learning activity observation instruments with a valid and practical scientific approach, (2) student science literacy learning outcomes and ( 3) description of student activities in learning.. Keywords: STEM, Temperature and Heat, Science Literacy, Classroom Action Research

The main cause is due to food intake that lacks nutrients that can increase blood Hb levels. Anemia in school children can cause fatigue, lethargy, sleepiness, decreased concentration in learning which results in decreased learning achievement. This study aims to determine the description of food intake, anemia status, and learning achievement in young women of SMP Negeri 1 Parangloe, Gowa in 2019. This type of research is a descriptive study with a sample of 97 people. To find out the food intake of students, the 24-hour recall method was used, while the Cyanmethemoglobin method was used to measure Hb levels, and to measure their learning achievement was done by recording the average results of report cards. The results showed that 30.9% of female students suffered from anemia, 43.3% of female students with less energy intake, 28.9% with less protein intake, 44.3% with less iron intake, 58.8% with vitamin A intake is lacking, 56.7% with less vitamin C intake, 45.4% with less zinc intake. Regarding learning achievement, there are 23.7% of adolescent students with poor learning achievement. Seeing that there are still students with low academic achievement in SMP Negeri 1 Parangloe Gowa, it is recommended for students in addition to improving their learning, also increasing the consumption of foods rich in iron, protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, and zinc to prevent anemia which affects the learning achievement.

Student worksheet contains various activities that are used to facilitate and practice students' skills in learning activities. This research aims to determine the development of student worksheet based on critical thinking skills that are valid, practical, and effective on the excretory system. This is a research and development of ADDIE model. The validity of student worksheet was measured using a validation sheet. The validity of student worksheet is 78% categorized as valid. Material validity of 82% is categorized as very valid, media validity of 81% is categorized as very valid, and language validity of 71% is categorized as valid. The practicality of the student worksheet was measured using a practitioner validation sheet and student response questionnaires. The practicality of worksheet is 87% categorized as very practical. Based on practitioner validation, the result of worksheet practicality of 89% is categorized as very practical and student response questionnaire of 85% is categorized as very practical. worksheet effectiveness was measured by normalized gain test. The control class N-Gain score of 0.2 is categorized as low and the experimental class N-Gain score of 0.5 is categorized as moderate. Keywords: Effectiveness, Practicality, Critical Thinking Skills, Student Worksheet, Validity.

This study aims to determine the contribution of family support to school engagement among adolescents in Makassar during online learning. One hundred and thirty-four adolescents aged between 14-21 years old were selected as a sample for this research using accidental sampling. The students filled out two instruments: the School Engagement Measure (SEM) and Family Support, adapted and modified). Data were analyzed by using the simple linear regression analysis. This study shows that family support contributes significantly to school engagement among adolescents in Makassar during online learning. The contribution of family support to school engagement is 17.7% (R2= 0.177; Sig = 0.000), while the rest of 82.3% are affected by other variables.

Automatic text summarization is a representation of a document that contains the essence or main focus of the document. Text summarization is automatically performed using the extraction method. The extraction method summarizes by copying the text that is considered the most important or most informative from the source text into a summary [1]. Documents can be divided into two types, namely single documents and multi documents. Multi document is input that comes from many documents from one or more sources that have more than one main idea. This study aims to summarize the text using a Genetic Algorithm by paying attention to the extraction of text features on each chromosome. The feature extraction used is sentence position, positive keywords, negative keywords, similarity between sentences, sentences containing entity words, sentences containing numbers, sentence length, connections between sentences, the number of connections between sentences. The number of chromosomes used is half of the number of public complaints. The data used is data on public complaints against the DIY government from February 2018 to July 2020. The data is obtained from the e-lapor DIY website. From the test results, the average value of Precision 1, Recall is 0.71, and f-measure value is 0.79.

The study program has many practical courses and wants to graduate to have real skills. The IAIN Curup Islamic Education Management study program directs its graduates to become educational staff at Islamic education institutions and agencies that handle education, become institutional managers, become Islamic education management researchers, and become planners and developers of ICT-based learning resources. So the existence or availability of a laboratory is a must. The research objectives were to determine the needs of lecturers and students of the IAIN Curup Islamic Education Management Study Program for laboratories and to determine the strengthening of laboratories in improving the quality of the IAIN Curup Islamic Education Management Study Program. This type of field research (Field Research) with qualitative research methods. Sources of data from the Head of Study Program, lecturers, laboratory managers and students of the MPI IAIN Curup study program, observation data collection techniques, interviews and documentation. Researchers analyzed the data with the stages of reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research are the need for lecturers and students of the IAIN Curup Islamic Education Management Study Program to strengthen the function of labor because there is a mandatory leadership practice course for Islamic Education Management students, and students are required to have various abilities, both work skills, knowledge, and the ability to become leaders. Strengthening the labor function of the IAIN Curup Islamic Education Management Study Program is carried out in a number of stages, namely (1) creating a labor organization structure consisting of the Chair of the Labor, secretary, laboratory assistant, technicians and students, (2) making laboratory administration, (3) preparing laboratory facilities and infrastructure. study program, (3) create a labor curriculum. And (4) study program labor is designed with a U-shape model.

Religious moderation has become a new and unique issue discussed by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. Universities are held to be a platform for promoting religious moderation through the learning process. Integrating religious moderation in the learning process is the main alternative to increase understanding of religious moderation in educational institutions, but there are only a small number of research and technical guidelines for subjects with a religious background such as Islamic religious education. Therefore, this study intends to instill religious moderation values in English language learning through cross-cultural understanding. The CCU course is suitable for negotiating an understanding between cultures and religions, especially in the context of the multicultural society of Indonesia. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, instruments being analysis sheets of RPS documents, research rubrics, and student learning outcomes in the CCU course, library research to obtain more detailed information on the value of religious moderation, field notes on observations in class; and an 8-item questionnaire. Results reveal that universities integrate religious moderation values, such as tolerance, national commitment, accommodating to the local culture, and anti-violence, into the learning process. The researcher connected religious moderation values with learning outcomes of CCU and implemented it in the learning process by using some methods such as group presentation, debating, watching a movie. This study proved that instilling religious moderation value through CCU course improved the students’ values, understanding and awareness of religious moderation. This study contributed to the Indonesian Ministry of Religion’s mission to make Islamic higher education a place for instilling the value of religious moderation, especially to students as the nation's future leaders and generation.

ABSTRAK Dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) dengan penerapan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) di Program Studi Pendidikan IPA FKIP Universitas Bengkulu Tahun 2020 pada mata kuliah IPA-3. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan meningkatkan literasi sains mahasiswa calon guru IPA. Sedangkan tujuan khusus adalah untuk (1) menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran dengan Project Based Learning (PjBL) berupa rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) dan lembar kegiatan peserta didik (LKPD) yang dilengkapi instrumen tes literasi sains (2) mendeskripsikan peningkatan literasi sains mahasiswa dengan Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (3) mendeskripsikan peningkatan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dengan Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Classroom Action Research (penelitian tindakan kelas/PTK) dengan 4 siklus yaitu perencanaan (planning), Tindakan (Acting), observasi (observation), dan refleksi (reflection). Pada tahap perencanaan (planning), dilakukan beberapa kegiatan sebagai perancangan produk awal, yaitu: (1) pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yaitu (a) RPP (b) bahan ajar (c) LKPD (d) Instrumen tes Literasi Sains. (2) Validasi ahli (content validity) perangkat pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran valid. (a) aktivitas mahasiswa menunjukkan peningkatan yakni dari 3,62 pada siklus I menjadi 3,74 pada siklus II. (b) Literasi sains mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase kemampuan literasi sains mahasiswa baik pada 3 aspek literasi sains yaitu aspek konten (53,80%), aspek proses (44,038%) dan aspek konteks (35,088%). Kata Kunci : Model Project Based Learning, Literasi Sains ABSTRACT Classroom Action Research was carried out by applying the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Science Education Study Program FKIP Bengkulu University in 2020 in the IPA-3 course. This research generally aimed to improve the science literacy of science teacher student candidates. While the specific objectives were (1) to produce learning tools with Project Based Learning (PjBL) in the form of a learning implementation plan (RPP) and student activity sheets (LKPD) equipped with scientific literacy test instruments (2) to describe the increase in student scientific literacy with Project Based Learning (PjBL). (3) describes an increase in student learning activities with Project Based Learning (PjBL). This research was a Classroom Action Research (classroom action research / CAR) with 4 cycles, namely planning (planning), action (acting), observation (observation), and reflection (reflection). At the planning stage, several activities were carried out as the initial product design, namely: (1) developing learning tools, namely (a) RPP (b) teaching materials (c) LKPD (d) Scientific Literacy test instruments. (2) Expert validation (content validity) of learning tools. The results showed that the learning device was valid. Student activity showed an increase, from 3.62 in the first cycle to 3.74 in the second cycle. Student science literacy showed that the average percentage of students' scientific literacy skills was good in 3 aspects of scientific literacy, namely the content aspect (53.80%), the process aspect (44.038%) and the context aspect (35.088%). Keywords : Project Based Learning, Science Literacy

This study aims to develop Islamic Thematic Comics as a valid, practical and effective learning media. The methods used in this study were validation sheets, questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. The type of this research is R&R research with Borg and Gall research design. The results showed that the Islamic Thematic Comic product based on the value given by the valid validator obtained a value of 94.01% in the "Very Eligible" category, the practicality level obtained a value of 77.60% in the "Very Eligible" category and was declared effective with an increase in the value of 76.00 and after using Comics, which is 81.67. Based on the results of the tests carried out, it can be concluded that the development of Islamic Thematic Comics products to improve student learning outcomes is declared valid, practical, and effective. Keywords: Islamic, Thematic, Comic Media.

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas untuk mengimplementasikan modul IPA berbasis etnosains masyarakat Bengkulu melalui Discovery Learning untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan IPA FKIP Universitas Bengkulu yang mengambil mata kuliah IPA 1. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan dua siklus dengan dua kali pertemuan. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat langkah penelitian yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Perangkat pembelajaran terdiri dari (1) RPP model Discovery Learning; (2) Modul IPA berbasis etnosains Masyarakat Bengkulu materi Pengukuran; (3) LKPD; (4) instrumen penilaian Aktivitas dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah adanya peningkatan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa melalui pre test dan post test. Pada siklus I, rata-rata pretes adalah sebesar 71,92 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 6,01 dan postes sebesar 75,77 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 4,75. Pada siklus II, rata-rata pretes adalah sebesar 80,19 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 4,75 dan rata-rata postes sebesar 83,85 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 4,83. Dari hasil tersebut dapat dibandingkan bahwa peningkatan siklus II lebih besar dibandingkan dengan siklus I. Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa pada siklus I sebesar 58,69 dan siklus II sebesar 63,45. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan Modul IPA Berbasis Etnosains Masyarakat Bengkulu melalui Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Kata kunci: Classroom Action Research, Modul, Etnosains, Discovery Learning, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis. ABSTRACT A Classroom Action Research has been carried out to implement a science module based on the ethnoscience of the Bengkulu people through discovery learning to improve the critical thinking skills of students of the Program Studi Pendidikan IPA FKIP Universitas Bengkulu who take the IPA 1 course. This research activity was carried out in two cycles with two meetings. Each cycle consists of four research steps, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The learning tools consist of (1) RPP Discovery Learning model; (2) Science module based on Bengkulu Community ethnoscience measurement material; (3) LKPD; (4) assessment instruments for Critical Thinking Skills and Activities. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis. The results obtained were an increase in students' critical thinking skills through the pretest and posttest. In the first cycle, the average pretest was 71.92 with a standard deviation of 6.01 and post-test was 75.77 with a standard deviation of 4.75. In cycle II, the average pretest was 80.19 with a standard deviation of 4.75 and the average post-test was 83.85 with a standard deviation of 4.83. From these results it can be compared that the increase in cycle II is greater than that of cycle I. The increase in students' critical thinking skills in cycle I is 58.69 and cycle II is 63.45. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the Bengkulu Community Ethnoscience-Based Science Module through discovery learning can improve students' critical thinking skills. Keywords: Classroom Action Research, Module, Ethnoscience, Discovery Learning, Critical Thinking Skills.

This study aims to determine the Islamic medicine dimension which is integrated with the local medicine. The dimensions are impor- tant to hnow because they are parts of the human health sciences that are useful for the present. The data come from the lontara manuscriptof Inhoud Lontara’ No. 125 which contains 23 types of diseases and their treatment. This study uses a philological and anthropological approach. The findings illustrate that there are two medicine dimensions. Those are the medicine dimensions through gau-gauheng, and the medicine dimensions related to taneng-taneng pabbura. However, hnowledge of local medicine related to gau-gauheng is more lihely to be integrated with Islamic medicine. The term gau-gauheng refers to the meaning of “certain treatments”. Meanwhile, the term taneng-taneng pabbura refers to the meaning of “plants containing medical elements”. The integration of Islamic culture in the local Bugis culture is strongly influenced by the Islamization process in Bone. The identity of each culture continues to transform so cultural acculturation occurs. Thus, the integration of medical science shows the efforts of the Bugis people in Bone to treat and main- tain human health. The two concepts have complemented each other and have gone hand in hand for a long time before health and medical science progressed and developed today. Various information in the Bugis lontara manuscripthas carried the basics of natural care and treatment and has contributed to the realization of human health.

This study is intended to describe the factors affecting human understanding of the perceived world based on John Locke’s theory by analysing the lead character of Emma Donoghue’s novel Room . Locke divided the way people gaining human understanding of knowledge through experience in two ways which are from sensory experience and inner experience. By using qualitative approach this study extracted Jack’s experience and categorise in to sensory experience and inner experience which is related to his understanding of the perceived world. Between the sensory and the inner experience, they connected with each other, the experience gained from the eyes will be remembered by the inner experience, and what is smelled by the nose will be remembered by the inner experience. From sensory and inner experience, they produce knowledge and knowledge influence their perception. Every person has a different experience from their respective sensory and their experience affecting perception.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh pendekatan (ICI) berbantuan simulasi PhET terhadap hasil belajar, dan menentukan besar pengaruh pendekatan (ICI) berbantuan simulasi PhET terhadap hasil belajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap siswa-siswi kelas X MIPA di SMAN 09 Kota Bengkulu. Materi pelajaran yang dibahas adalah hukum newton gravitasi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Pengajaran dengan pendekatan ICI berbantuan simulasi PhET digunakan sebagai kelas eksperimen dan pengajaran dengan cara tanpa pendekatan ICI berbantuan simulasi PhET sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrument yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah soal tes untuk hasil belajar siswa. Hasil belajar siswa diukur menggunakan uji-t untuk mendeskripsikan hasil pretest dan posttest pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Untuk mencari besar pengaruh pendekatan ICI berbantuan simulasi PhET digunakan effect size. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari perbandingan nilai sig.(2-Tailed) dengan uji independent t test antara pretest kelas kontrol dan eksperimen sebesar 0.490 artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan dan posttest kelas control dan eksperimen sebesar 0,001 terdapat perbedaan atau ICI berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar, dengan besar pengaruh yaitu 0,78 atau ICI berbantuan simulasi PhET memberikan pengaruh sebesar 43% pada satu kali pertemuan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Interactive conceptuan ictruction (ICI) berbantuan simulasi PhET terhadap hasil belajar siswa sebesar 43%. Kata Kunci: Interactive Conceptual Instruction (ICI), Simulasi PhET, Hasil Belajar Siswa ABSTRACT The aims of this research was to describe the effect of a PhET-assisted simulation approach (ICI) on learning outcomes, and was to determine the influence of PhET's simulation assisted approach (ICI) on learning outcomes. This research was conducted on students of class X MIPA in SMAN 09 Bengkulu city. The subject matter discussed was Newton's law of gravity. The method used in this research was the quasi experiment with the design of non-equivalent control group design research. Instruction with the PhET-assisted ICI simulation approach was used as a class of experimentation and teaching in a way that does not approach the PhET simulation as a control class. The Instrument used in this research is the test for students ' learning outcomes. The students learning results were measured using test-t to describe the results of pretests and post test in experimental class and control class. To find a great influence on the approach of ICI assisted simulation PhET was used effect size. The result showed that from the comparison of the value of SIG. (2-Tailed) with test independent T Test between control class pretests and experimentation of 0490 means there was no difference and post test class control and experimentation of 0.001 there are differences or ICI has 43 an effect on learning outcomes, with a big influence of 0.78 or a simulated assisted It can be concluded that there is the influence of Interactive Conceptuan Ictruction (ICI) assisted PhET simulation of students ' learning outcomes of 43%. Key words: Interactive Conceptual Instruction (ICI), PhET simulation, student learning outcomes

The purpose of this research is to get the measurement result as a description of higher order thinking skill in taxonomy to critical thinking physics problem in SMA XI class. This study is descriptive qualitative through three stages, namely: initial development of the instrument, content validation and empirical, and measurement. The research has been conducted in the region of Central Bengkulu. The instrument used has been validated by the expert and applied rasch model. An empirical valiadation test was conducted by 95 students. A valid instrument is used to measure student's higher order thinking skills. The number of learners measured using a total sampling of 148 learners. The measurement result shows very high critical thinking 0,5%, ability critical thinking high 25%, ability medium critical thinking 55%, ability critical thinking low 19%, ability critical thinking very low 0, 5%. On the average it can be concluded that higher order thinking skills on taxonomy critical thinking students in Bengkulu Tengah included in medium criterion.