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Introduction and Aim: The chronic nonspecific neck pain is common in all age groups since it is non-specific it may be due to any reasons right from school children to elderly. Factors like muscle strain, worn joints, nerve compression, poor posture, neck pain are found to reduce the cervical angle. The aim of the study is to find the efficacy of physiotherapy intervention on craniovertebral angle, craniohorizontal angle, neck muscle strength and hand grip in subjects with chronic nonspecific neck pain. Materials and Methods: The subjects with chronic nonspecific neck pain (n=30) were selected randomly from the physiotherapy outpatient department of ACS medical college and hospital as per inclusion criteria and divided into two groups. The pre-test and post-test measurements of craniovertebral and craniohorizontal angles, craniovertebral angle were measured using on protractor mobile app. The neck muscle strength was measured using modified dial sphygmomanometer and hand grip was measured using hand held dynamometer. Group A received craniocervical flexion exercise and group B received stretching and strengthening for a period of 12 weeks. Post test was conducted after 12 weeks. Results: The comparison within Group A and Group B pre- and post-test values in both groups showed highly significant difference in mean values at P ? 0.001, but group A which has a higher mean value is more effective in craniovertebral angle, craniohorizontal angle, neck muscle strength (Flexor and Extensor) and hand grip. Conclusion: The craniocervical flexion exercise given to chronic nonspecific neck pain patients was found to reduce neck pain by improving the neck muscle strength, hand grip strength and by correcting the craniocervical and craniohorizontal angles.

Research on urban water infrastructures has seldom reached across the Global North-South divide owing to their apparent developmental incommensurability. Yet, the universalising tendencies of urban theory has meant that cities of the Global South are often deemed to have ‘fragmented’ infrastructures or incomplete circulations in implicit comparison to the northern infrastructural ideal. So, in order to truly ‘world’ the study of infrastructures and cities, it is important to go beyond these dominant paradigms and attend to how infrastructures actually work and what socio-technical implications they have in cities of the Global South and North. Building on these provocations, this paper places the water infrastructures of two ‘most different cities’– Chennai, India and London, UK – alongside each other in ‘experimental comparison’, where the aim is not to arrive at paradigmatic urban theory but to highlight heterogeneity and excavate themes for further critical thinking on each case. This paper will delineate the dialogic and reflexive method of research and analysis adopted, tracing how it led to the practice of ‘minor theory’, which focuses on processes that do not find expression in dominant universalising analyses. Here, minor theory is mobilised towards challenging dominant or major constructs about each city and across cities, while amplifying urban multiplicities and enabling a deeper engagement with infrastructure making in the Global South and North, thus expanding urban studies’ toolbox of critical thinking.

Across the different vernaculars of the world's urban majorities, there is renewed bewilderment as to what is going on in the cities in which they reside and frequently self-build. Prices are unaffordable and they are either pushed out or strongly lured away from central locations. Work is increasingly temporary, if available at all, and there is often just too much labour involved to keep lives viably in place. Not only do they look for affordability and new opportunities at increasingly distant suburbs and hinterlands, but for orientations, for ways of reading where things are heading, increasingly hedging their bets across multiple locations and affiliations. Coming together to write this piece from our own multiple orientations, we are eight researchers who, over the past year, joined to consider how variegated trajectories of expansion unsettle the current logics of city-making. We have used the notion of extensions as a way of thinking about operating in the middle of things, as both a reflection of and a way of dealing with this unsettling. An unsettling that disrupts clear designations of points of departure and arrival, of movement and settlement, of centre and periphery, of time and space., Dialogues in Human Geography, ISSN:2043-8206, ISSN:2043-8214

In today's circumstance, students who use the college bus are unaware of the bus's present location, whether it has passed their location or not. To solve this problem, this research work has presented an android application that employs a global positioning system (GPS) tracker to offer real-time data on the movement of college buses. This proposed appication would specifically be used by students, drivers, and college management. Also, this application helps students to maintain the time and it helps parents to track their children. This application will identify the exact latitude as well as the longitude of any college buses; henceforth the identification of bus during critical time is simplified. More importantly, this software application provides an attendance and feedback system, which will be directly uploaded to the database of the college management. Ordinary cautions would be sent if there is any occurrence of postponements or cancelation of college transportation facilities. The location of a vehicle has appeared on unique guidelines by utilizing Google maps. This framework provides versatility, adaptability, security, and unwavering quality with minimal effort. This application will be very useful for both students and staff.

Autonomous navigation of mobile robots is a vast area of research in the field of robotics. Previous studies have proposed various approaches and algorithms in order to solve this problem. One of the important aspects of navigation is path planning which helps the robot to avoid obstacles and further to navigate it in the environments. There are different types of path planning. The robot should choose the shortest path or should cover the entire area of the environment. Coverage path planning algorithms does the latter. This paper completely focuses on these algorithms and proposes a new algorithm, a modified depth search so that, given a map, the robot can navigate in an environment, say a maze, without colliding into obstacles and plan its path in the maze.

Primary ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy due to the implantation of the gestational sac in the ovary. It is reported to occur in 1 in 25000-40000 pregnancies following natural conceptions and accounts for 0.3- 3% of all ectopic pregnancies. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult and is mostly diagnosed following surgery or histo pathological examination. Here we present a case of ovarian pregnancy which was managed surgically and its review of the literature is discussed.