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PurposeWelfare reforms introduced conditionality into cash transfers often by diverse welfare-to-work programs achieving its vast legitimization. Meanwhile in-kind poverty alleviation policies maintained their universal character in the forms of national budgeting of municipal services. Utilizing justification work, the authors aim at showing how conditionality of in-kind support is replacing universalism. The authors ask which justification work assist administrators in shaping the relationship between in-kind and cash transfer and the changing meanings of poverty alleviation practices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with senior administrators in Israeli local governments analysing them along principles of critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2010). Further, seeking to elicit the justification work, the authors added some guidelines from the discourse interaction approach.FindingsThe findings identified administrators' justification work as taking two major shapes. The first is an emphasis on conditionality in their in-kind support projects, which is limited in time, contingent upon co-operation and sometimes even enhancing choice for those in need. The second is the manifestation of pride anchored in the skilful budget management enabling the achievement of conditional in-kind support projects based on the effort involved.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors did not prompt the interviewees for the proportions of specific categories, such as whether they are attending and benefitting of the in-kind support programs. This is a limitation of this study that prevented the authors from contrasting perceived achievements against the actual coverage of their projects.Practical implicationsIt is important that government funding is increased for municipal anti-poverty policies engaging municipal administrator in the struggle for full and better coverage so that capability deprivation is combatted by a combination of cash transfer and quality social services that are universal and at the same time secure mentoring and supervision to all households in need.Social implicationsFuture research should present the analysis that associates different budgets of each city with its anti-poverty polices and its different socio-economic ranking. Critical social-policy scholars may apply this study’s findings in future analyses of municipal administrators' power position as reinforced by national level policy makers, particularly when introducing controversial policies.Originality/valueAnti-poverty policy and the specific combination between conditional cash transfers and in-kind support have been explained at the level of political–economic decision making. The authors conceptualize the need to explain anti-poverty policy by focussing on municipal administrators’ embedded agency, particularly around controversial issues. By building the professional self of municipal welfare administrators, inter alia by ignoring past meanings of in-kind support as depriving recipients of autonomy, conditionality is extended into in-kind services.

The chapter explores the use of religious ethical discourse to support more or less restrictionist state policies toward asylum seekers. Drawing on the cases of Israel and Poland, it examines how religion-based ethical narratives are mobilized instrumentally by political actors to advocate pro/anti-asylum policies. In recent years, both countries experienced a large inflow—or threat thereof—of asylum seekers from developing, Muslim-majority countries in Western Asia or Africa, which elicited a heated public debate. In addition, they both have relatively homogenous populations, and maintain an ethnicity-based citizenship regime (jus sanguinis), as well as strong relations between state and (institutionalized) religion, either Catholicism or (Orthodox) Judaism. Finally, a dominant narrative of national victimization is salient in both countries, which is critical for understanding the political debate over asylum policies. In light of these similarities, we analyze the political discourse in each country during the peak years of the crisis in order to show how religious arguments were employed to support pro/anti-asylum policies. We use secondary data obtained through the written and electronic media, showing that in both countries, the “otherness” of newcomers intersected with historical narratives of ethno-religious and national victimization, shaping a binary political discourse concerning the desired national policy toward asylum seekers. The paper concludes by drawing lessons about the ways in which ethical religious arguments shape contemporary migration discourse and policy.

The analysis of symmetric completions of partial matrices associated with a simple graph G, in terms of inertias and minimal rank, simplifies dramatically when G is bipartite. Essentially, it is equivalent to the analysis of an associated non-symmetric completion problem. All the inertias down to the minimum rank can be obtained, but the minimal rank itself remains NP-hard for general graphs in this class. The class of bipartite graphs includes even cycles but excludes odd cycles. By the above reduction we provide relatively sharp minimal rank estimates for even cycles and discuss some counter-examples raised by odd cycles.

Bariatric surgeries involve manipulation of the viscera and are associated with significant postoperative pain. Paracetamol is a nonopioid analgesic with a rapid onset, and it is effective and safe. The study compared the effects of pre- and postincisional intravenous paracetamol administration for optimal postoperative pain management in patients undergoing bariatric surgeries.This is a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of adult patients, admitted electively for laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group of patients was given paracetamol at the beginning of the operation, prior to the surgical incision, the other group of patients received the same treatment at the end of the operation.Patients who were given preincisional intravenous paracetamol presented significantly lower visual analog scale (VAS) scores following the surgery compared with patients who were given intravenous paracetamol in the last 30 minutes of the operation (VAS, median [IQR] = 2 [2-3] vs. 5 [3-6]; p lt; 0.001). They also required fewer postoperative opioids and tramadol (in milligrams, respectively, 1 [0-5] vs. 7.5 [5-10] and 300 [100-400] vs. 400 [200-500]) compared with later analgesia administration (p lt; 0.001 and p = 0.03). The levels of inflammatory markers measured at fixed intervals from paracetamol administration were not statistically different between the study groups.Early analgesia with intravenous paracetamol, given before the surgical incision, may result in lower VAS scores postoperatively compared with the same treatment administered toward the end of the operation.

The growing popularity of E-bikes and P-scooters has led to their increasing involvement in injuries. This study sought to evaluate the impact of drug and alcohol consumption on hospitalization rates for electric-vehicle-associated injuries. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used, including patients evacuated to the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary medical center in 2014–2020 for injuries sustained while riding E-bikes or P-scooters. Data on clinical characteristics were collected from the medical files, including pre-accident usage of alcohol or drugs. Of the 1234 patients (75.7% male) who met the inclusion criteria, 90 (7.3%) were hospitalized. The mean (SD) number of admission days was 5.44 (±0.12). Alcohol consumption was associated with 2.2% of injuries and drug use with 0.6%. Patients who rode under the influence of alcohol were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than discharged (6.7% vs. 1.8%, χ2 (2) =19.25, p < 0.001); the odds ratio was 14.1. A similar association with hospitalization was found for drug use (χ2 (2) = 7.83, p = 0.02). Riding an E-bike or P-scooter under the influence of alcohol or drugs increases the probability of severe injury requiring hospital admission. These results should prompt the relevant authorities to initiate effective legislation of alcohol and drug use.

This publication is with permission of the rights owner (Sage) freely accessible., Migration industry has recently emerged as a lens through which to theorise the intertwinement of non-state actors who aim to provide diverse migration-pertaining services. However, while much of their work is done in and through cities, consequently (re)forming variegated urban landscapes, scholarly literature has thus far neglected the nexus between cities and the migration industry. In this special issue, we begin filling this gap by exploring the significance of migration industries – as a resurgent concept and an area of research from migration studies – for understanding the urban. We start by reviewing the urbanisation of migration studies, highlighting its key limits. We then move on to introduce the migration industries debate, pointing out its existing implicit urban dimensions. We proceed by elaborating our main argument about why and how migration industries provide an especially productive lens for urbanists to consider. Specifically, we stress the three key analytical vantage points that the attention to migration industries enables us to see as central to contemporary city-making. These are its political-economic embeddedness, the urban-constitutive nature of trans-local connectivities, and how business-driven city-making dovetails with more serendipitous, bottom-up shaping of the arrival city. Each of these points also describes how individual papers speak to them. We conclude by briefly outlining a research agenda for migration industries that is thoughtfully embroiled in the (post-)pandemic urban.

Many cellular functions are carried out by protein pairs, or families, providing robustness alongside functional diversity. For such processes, it remains a challenge to map the degree of specificity versus promiscuity. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be used to inform on these matters as they highlight cellular locals, regulation and, in cases where proteins affect other proteins – substrate range. However, methods to study transient PPIs systematically are underutilized. In this study we create a novel approach to study stable as well as transient PPIs in yeast. Our approach, Cel-lctiv (CELlular biotin-Ligation for Capturing Transient Interactions in Vivo), uses high- throughput pairwise proximity biotin ligation for uncovering PPIs systematically and in vivo. As a proof of concept we study the homologous translocation pores Sec61 and Ssh1. We show how Cel-lctiv can uncover the unique substrate range for each translocon allowing us to pinpoint a specificity determinator driving interaction preference. More generally this demonstrates how CEl-lctiv can provide direct information on substrate specificity even for highly homologous proteins.

Identification of both stable and transient interactions is essential for understanding protein function and regulation. While assessing stable interactions is more straightforward, capturing transient ones is challenging. In recent years, sophisticated tools have emerged to improve transient interactor discovery, with many harnessing the power of evolved biotin ligases for proximity labelling. However, biotinylation-based methods have lagged behind in the model eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, possibly due to the presence of several abundant, endogenously biotinylated proteins. In this study, we optimised robust biotin- ligation methodologies in yeast and increased their sensitivity by creating a bespoke technique for downregulating endogenous biotinylation which we term ABOLISH (Auxin- induced BiOtin LIgase diminiSHing). We used the endoplasmic reticulum insertase complex (EMC) to demonstrate our approaches and uncover new substrates. To make these tools available for systematic probing of both stable and transient interactions, we generated five full-genome collections of strains in which every yeast protein is tagged with each of the tested biotinylation machineries; some on the background of the ABOLISH system. This comprehensive toolkit enables functional interactomics of the entire yeast proteome.

Unintentional extension of uterine incision is a known complication during cesarean delivery estimated to occur in 4-8% of cesarean deliveries. The aim of this study was to examine risk factors associated with unintentional uterine incision extension and to assess which of them are independent risk factors for this condition.We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a large public university tertiary referral center between 2003 and 2017. Included were women who underwent cesarean delivery during this time period. Demographic, medical, obstetrical and surgical data were collected. The primary outcome was the presence of uterine incision extension during cesarean delivery. Secondary outcomes included detection of risk factors associated with uterine incision extension. A multivariate analysis was additionally performed to identify general and labor related risk factors for unintentional extension of uterine incision among patients that underwent cesarean delivery during second stage of labor.During the study period, 25,879 cesarean deliveries performed in our medical center were assessed. Out of them, 731 (2.8%) cases of unintended uterine incision extension were identified. Women in this group had high rates of full cervical dilatation and increased maternal hemorrhage. Assessment of incision extension direction revealed that two-thirds of extensions were lateral, mostly unilateral. Median size of the extension was 2.7 ± 1.2 cm.Independent parameters associated with unintended uterine incision extension included nulliparity, vertex presentation, epidural anesthesia and cesarean section indication. Further analysis including cesarean deliveries performed during the second stage of labor revealed 397 (15.3%) cesarean deliveries in which incision extension was noted and 2205 (84.7%) cesarean deliveries without incision extension. Following multivariate analysis performed in women who underwent cesarean delivery during second stage of labor, two independent parameters associated with unintended uterine incision extension remained significant - past cesarean delivery and failed vacuum attempt.Vacuum extraction attempt and previous cesarean delivery are independent risk factors for uterine incision extension in women undergoing cesarean delivery during the second stage of labor. We also showed the majority of these extensions to be lateral.

Purpose This study aims to examine changes in the discourse concerning Israeli tourism to Turkey between 2000 and 2014. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the concept of geographic imagination and using a critical cultural discourse analysis of travel stories published in the Israeli media, the authors analyze the extent to which changes have both reflected and resulted from changing relations between the two countries. Findings The analysis reveals that before 2010, Turkey was depicted in largely positive geo-cultural terms, imagined as a desired cosmopolitan, culturally “authentic” destination, which elicits feelings of joy and peacefulness. More recent narratives, however, highlighted its negative geopolitical qualities, underscoring its anti-Israel stance and invoking a fearful discourse of political and ethno-religious radicalization. Originality/value The study makes three contributions. First, by attending to the significance of perceptions in the social construction of tourist destinations it brings the fields of tourism and cognitive geography into a closer dialogue. Second, by using a critical discourse analysis it highlights the changing cultural contexts within which places are imagined and constructed by tourists. Finally, by uncovering the geographic complexities that undergird the discursive construction of places as tourist destinations, it illustrates how everyday narratives change over time, reflecting the dynamic nature of inter-state relations.

This article examines the emergence of Israel's return migration industry (RMI). It argues that alongside the state, repatriation projects of (mostly skilled) migrants are increasingly (co)-produce...

Foramen of Winslow hernias form 8% of all internal hernias. They present with non-specific findings and are often diagnosed late in disease progression. Delayed diagnosis of the hernia is associated with an estimated mortality of 50%. This rare event has yet to be described in the literature as a follow-up complication to a Ladd’s procedure. Here, we present a young male patient with a surgical history of a Ladd’s procedure with a chief complaint of an acute-onset, severe abdominal pain accompanied by episodes of emesis. Prompt clinical analysis, imaging and fluid resuscitation was conducted. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus and air was identified within the Falciform Ligament. Consequently, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy and the foramen of Winslow hernia was identified. An excision and anastomosis procedure was performed, and the cecum was fixed in the lower left quadrant. The procedure had no complications and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the fifth post-operative day. The purpose of this case report is to present an unusual patient who experienced a foramen of Winslow hernia involving the small bowel six years following a Ladd's procedure. While a causative relation cannot be made between these two events, we theorize that gastrointestinal hypermobility, being one of the three properties leading to herniation, played a role in both pathologies. Therefore, a vigilant surgeon should keep in mind that intra-abdominal congenital malrotation can put patients at greater risk for future herniation.

Despite decades of research and the availability of the full genomic sequence of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, still a large fraction of its genome is not functionally annotated. This hinders our ability to fully understand cellular activity and suggests that many additional processes await discovery. The recent years have shown an explosion of high-quality genomic and structural data from multiple organisms, ranging from bacteria to mammals. New computational methods now allow us to integrate these data and extract meaningful insights into the functional identity of uncharacterized proteins in yeast. Here, we created a database of sensitive sequence similarity predictions for all yeast proteins. We use this information to identify candidate enzymes for known biochemical reactions whose enzymes are unidentified, and show how this provides a powerful basis for experimental validation. Using one pathway as a test case we pair a new function for the previously uncharacterized enzyme Yhr202w, as an extra-cellular AMP hydrolase in the NAD degradation pathway. Yhr202w, which we now term Smn1 for Scavenger MonoNucleotidase 1, is a highly conserved protein that is similar to the human protein E5NT/CD73, which is associated with multiple cancers. Hence, our new methodology provides a paradigm, that can be adopted to other organisms, for uncovering new enzymatic functions of uncharacterized proteins.

Through exploring the spatial conditions and materializations of caring practices and relations, this chapter aims at developing an urban(ized) understanding of care. It thereby seeks to interweave care debates into conceptual debates in urban studies and planning theory. The chapter discusses the tension between fields of care and ‘uncare’ as an analytical lens to situate care debates—and the ambivalences unfolding around them—within broader theoretical debates on cities, urbanization, and urban life. By taking a spatial perspective and by fostering an understanding of care geographies, three perspectives are developed: 1) How the scale of analysis and research in urban theory contributes to a wider understanding of the changing landscape of care; 2) how moments of presence and of encounters in public space allow both the acknowledgment and alteration of caring infrastructures; and 3) how care and crisis are fundamentally linked, and how care perspectives bear a potential to move analytical prisms beyond crisis-centered narratives.

Background Electric bikes (E-bikes) and powered scooters (P-scooters) have become increasingly popular modes of public transportation, but they have been associated with injuries of all kinds, including dental trauma. Helmet use is promoted as a means of reducing injuries in accidents involving motorized and unmotorized vehicles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of helmet use on the number and severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by E-bikes and P-scooters. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. The cohort included all patients referred to the emergency department of a tertiary medical center in 2014–2020 with oral and maxillofacial injuries involving E-bikes or P-scooters. Data were collected from the medical files on demographics, types of injuries, circumstances of occurrence, work-up, treatment, and outcome. Use of a helmet was recorded in each case. Results Of the total 1417 patients referred to the emergency department for E-bike and P-scooter-related trauma, 62 had oral and maxillofacial injuries, including 57 riders and 5 pedestrians. All had hard- or soft-tissue injuries; 20 (32.2%) had head injuries and 22 (35.5%) had dentoalveolar injuries. Eleven riders had worn a helmet at the time of injury (17.7%). Helmet use was associated with time of injury (weekday/weekend, daytime/night-time), type of motorized vehicle (E-bike or P-scooter), head injury, and number of bone fractures. Head injuries occurred more often on the weekend (57.9%) than during the week (20.9%) and were more likely to occur in riders who were not protected by a helmet (37.3% vs 18.2%). Patients who used helmets also had a lower rate of fractured bones (18.2%) and dentoalveolar injuries (23.7%) than patients who did not (68.8 and 37.3%, respectively). Interestingly, helmet use had no protective effect on soft-tissue injuries. Conclusions Helmet use by E-bike and P-scooter riders decreased the probability of head injury and of hard tissue and dentoalveolar injuries. These results may provide guidance for effective legislation and regulation of helmet use and improved treatment protocols for general and dental physicians.

Interest in the role of large urban development (LUD) projects in regeneration efforts of cities has risen in recent years. Studies of their planning process have often focused on global cities, examining challenges associated with their joint (public–private) governance structure, as well as those emanating from the need to balance local and global needs and interests. With few exceptions, the ways in which these projects fit in with metropolitan aspirations of small and medium cities were largely overlooked. In this article, we explore how a large-scale project was used by local authorities to reposition a secondary city as a sub-metropolitan center. Using the case of the 1000-District (Mitcham HaElef) in the Israeli city of Rishon-Lezion, it argues that while the project was originally designed to resolve the city’s scarce employment problem, it was gradually used to endow it with higher-order urban qualities, re-situating it as a sub-metropolitan center in the Tel-Aviv area. To support our argument, we focus on the project’s housing and employment components, including changes they were subjected to along the planning process, as well as the marketing campaign, which sought to re-present the city as a viable sub-metropolitan alternative. Drawing on qualitative methods, including personal interviews and content analysis, the article illustrates how one city’s large project is instrumentalized to attain metro-scale objectives. In so doing, it contributes to a nuanced understanding of the complexity of LUD planning, its stated objectives at various scales, and implications for actors in and beyond metropolitan jurisdictions.

Bykov et al. describe a method called “MultiCLEM” to screen ultrastructural phenotypes by high-throughput electron microscopy (EM). The method uses combinations of fluorophores as barcodes to identify cells. It is applied to study multivesicular bodies, mitochondria, and peroxisomes., Genetic screens using high-throughput fluorescent microscopes have generated large datasets, contributing many cell biological insights. Such approaches cannot tackle questions requiring knowledge of ultrastructure below the resolution limit of fluorescent microscopy. Electron microscopy (EM) reveals detailed cellular ultrastructure but requires time-consuming sample preparation, limiting throughput. Here we describe a robust method for screening by high-throughput EM. Our approach uses combinations of fluorophores as barcodes to uniquely mark each cell type in mixed populations and correlative light and EM (CLEM) to read the barcode of each cell before it is imaged by EM. Coupled with an easy-to-use software workflow for correlation, segmentation, and computer image analysis, our method, called “MultiCLEM,” allows us to extract and analyze multiple cell populations from each EM sample preparation. We demonstrate several uses for MultiCLEM with 15 different yeast variants. The methodology is not restricted to yeast, can be scaled to higher throughput, and can be used in multiple ways to enable EM to become a powerful screening technique.