83 results on '"Nir, O."'
Search Results
2. Closing the cycle: Phosphorus removal and recovery from diluted effluents using acid resistive membranes
- Author
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Nir, O., Sengpiel, R., and Wessling, M.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. VP20.05: Umbilico‐porto‐systemic shunt and fetal growth restriction: a novel etiology or guilty by association? A lesson from a prospective study
- Author
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Czeiger, S., primary, Weissbach, T., additional, Zloto, K., additional, Nir, O., additional, Massarwa, A., additional, Abdelkader, R., additional, Weissmann‐Brenner, A., additional, Bartal, M. Fishel, additional, Miller, T. Elkan, additional, Messing, B., additional, Hadi, E., additional, Spira, M., additional, Weisz, B., additional, Yinon, Y., additional, Yoeli‐Ullman, R., additional, Mazaki‐Tovi, S., additional, Kivilevitch, Z., additional, Achiron, R., additional, and Kassif, E., additional
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
4. Changes in scleractinian coral Seriatopora hystrix morphology and its endocellular Symbiodinium characteristics along a bathymetric gradient from shallow to mesophotic reef
- Author
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Nir, O., Gruber, D. F., Einbinder, S., Kark, S., and Tchernov, D.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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5. 2149 Long Term Outcome of Mr Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment and Laparoscopic Myomectomy for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
- Author
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Mohr-Sasson, A, primary, Machtinger, R, additional, Mashiach, R, additional, Nir, O, additional, Inbar, Y, additional, Maliyanker, N, additional, Goldenberg, M, additional, and Rabinovici, J, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Long-Term Outcome of MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment and Laparoscopic Myomectomy for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
- Author
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Mohr Sasson, A., primary, Machtinger, R., additional, Mashiach, R., additional, Nir, O., additional, Inbar, Y., additional, Maliyanker, N., additional, Goldenberg, M., additional, and Rabinovici, J., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Long-Term Ultrasound Follow-Up in Pre- and Post-Menarchal Girls with Adnexal Torsion: What Is the Impact on the Ovaries?
- Author
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Smorgick, N., primary, Nir, O., additional, Pekar, M., additional, Maymon, S., additional, Pansky, M., additional, and Maymon, R., additional
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
8. 104 - Long-Term Outcome of MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment and Laparoscopic Myomectomy for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
- Author
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Mohr Sasson, A., Machtinger, R., Mashiach, R., Nir, O., Inbar, Y., Maliyanker, N., Goldenberg, M., and Rabinovici, J.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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9. A novel paleo-bleaching proxy using boron isotopes and high-resolution laser ablation to reconstruct coral bleaching events
- Author
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Dishon, G., Fisch, J., Horn, I., Kaczmarek, K., Bijma, J., Gruber, D. F., Nir, O., Popovich, Y., Tchernov, D., Dishon, G., Fisch, J., Horn, I., Kaczmarek, K., Bijma, J., Gruber, D. F., Nir, O., Popovich, Y., and Tchernov, D.
- Abstract
Coral reefs occupy only ~ 0.1 percent of the ocean's habitat, but are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem. In recent decades, coral reefs have experienced a significant global decline due to a variety of causes, one of the major causes being widespread coral bleaching events. During bleaching, the coral expels its symbiotic algae, thereby losing its main source of nutrition generally obtained through photosynthesis. While recent coral bleaching events have been extensively investigated, there is no scientific data on historical coral bleaching prior to 1979. In this study, we employ high-resolution femtosecond Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) to demonstrate a distinct biologically induced decline of boron (B) isotopic composition (δ11B) as a result of coral bleaching. These findings and methodology offer a new use for a previously developed isotopic proxy to reconstruct paleo-coral bleaching events. Based on a literature review of published δ11B data and our recorded vital effect of coral bleaching on the δ11B signal, we also describe at least two possible coral bleaching events since the Last Glacial Maximum. The implementation of this bleaching proxy holds the potential of identifying occurrences of coral bleaching throughout the geological record. A deeper temporal view of coral bleaching will enable scientists to determine if it occurred in the past during times of environmental change and what outcome it may have had on coral population structure. Understanding the frequency of bleaching events is also critical for determining the relationship between natural and anthropogenic causes of these events.
- Published
- 2015
10. 43 - Long-Term Ultrasound Follow-Up in Pre- and Post-Menarchal Girls with Adnexal Torsion: What Is the Impact on the Ovaries?
- Author
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Smorgick, N., Nir, O., Pekar, M., Maymon, S., Pansky, M., and Maymon, R.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A novel paleo-bleaching proxy using boron isotopes and high-resolution laser ablation to reconstruct coral bleaching events
- Author
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Dishon, G., primary, Fisch, J., additional, Horn, I., additional, Kaczmarek, K., additional, Bijma, J., additional, Gruber, D. F., additional, Nir, O., additional, Popovich, Y., additional, and Tchernov, D., additional
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- 2015
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12. Supplementary material to "A novel paleo-bleaching proxy using boron isotopes and high-resolution laser ablation to reconstruct coral bleaching events"
- Author
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Dishon, G., primary, Fisch, J., additional, Horn, I., additional, Kaczmarek, K., additional, Bijma, J., additional, Gruber, D. F., additional, Nir, O., additional, Popovich, Y., additional, and Tchernov, D., additional
- Published
- 2015
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13. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stable Spirooxyphosphoranes - Potential Promoters of Catalytic Antibodies
- Author
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NIR, O., primary, FRIDKIN, FRIDKIN, additional, and SEGALL, Y., additional
- Published
- 2010
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14. Herd health problems
- Author
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Nir, O.
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Service (systems architecture) ,Computer science ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Trait ,Disease prevention ,Epidemiological method ,Herd health - Abstract
Applied clinical epidemiological methods in an integrated programme of herd health are described. These include the data base used to store the data, part of the monitoring report dealing with reproduction, and programmes of epidemiological evaluation. Anoestrous is used as an example for the methodology applied. Alarming levels of "% cows open greater than 150 d" when monitored, are further evaluated for the relative contribution of various possible factors of the trait. The effect of underfeeding before service on the rate of anoestrous is further investigated using the data base. The merits and limitations of such tools as part of the integrated herd health programmes are discussed., The Bovine Practitioner, No. 26 (1991 September)
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
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15. crystal structure of streptavidin mutant (M3) a combination of M1+M2
- Author
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Eisenberg-Domovich, Y., primary, Pazy, Y., additional, Nir, O., additional, Raboy, B., additional, Bayer, E.A., additional, Wilchek, M., additional, and Livnah, O., additional
- Published
- 2004
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16. Crystal structure of streptavidin mutant (M2) where the L3,4 loop was replace by that of avidin
- Author
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Eisenberg-Domovich, Y., primary, Pazy, Y., additional, Nir, O., additional, Raboy, B., additional, Bayer, E.A., additional, Wilchek, M., additional, and Livnah, O., additional
- Published
- 2004
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17. Acute maduramicin toxicity in calves
- Author
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Shlosberg, A., primary, Perl, S., additional, Harmelin, A., additional, Hanji, V., additional, Bellaiche, M., additional, Bogin, E., additional, Cohen, R., additional, Markusfeld-Nir, O., additional, Shpigel, N., additional, Eisenberg, Z., additional, Furman, M., additional, Brosh, A., additional, Holzer, Z., additional, and Aharoni, Y., additional
- Published
- 1997
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18. Spread of lumpy skin disease in Israeli dairy herds
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Yeruham, I., primary, Nir, O., additional, Braverman, Y., additional, Davidson, M., additional, Grinstein, H., additional, Haymovitch, M., additional, and Zamir, O., additional
- Published
- 1995
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19. Herd health problems
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Nir, O., primary
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- 1991
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20. Yellow jacket wasps can damage cows' teats by biting
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BRAVERMAN, Y., primary, MARCUSFELD (NIR), O., additional, ADLER, H., additional, and YAKOBSON, B., additional
- Published
- 1991
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21. Acute maduramicin toxicity in calves.
- Author
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Shlosberg, A., Perl, S., Harmelin, A., Hanji, V., Bellaiche, M., Bogin, E., Cohen, R., Markusfeld-Nir, O., Shpigel, N., Eisenberg, Z., Furman, M., Brosh, A., Holzer, Z., and Aharoni, Y.
- Abstract
A herd of 277 beef-breed calves in three age groups was mistakenly given the poultry coccidiostat maduramicin in a total mixed ration. It caused an acute toxicosis in which sudden death was the sole clinical finding in most cases. One group of 212 calves aged five to eight months suffered a mortality of 51 per cent in eight days and a total mortality of 56 per cent during the 40 days in which mortality was recorded. Mortality of only 3 per cent was recorded in two other groups of calves aged nine to 16 months in eight days and a total mortality of 11 per cent over the 40-day period. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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22. Epidemiology of bovine abortions in Israeli dairy herds
- Author
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Markusfeld-Nir, O.
- Published
- 1997
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23. Efficacy of 1α hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis
- Author
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Sachs, M., Bar, A., Nir, O., Ochovsky, D., Machnai, B., Meir, E., Weiner, B. Z., and Mazor, Z.
- Subjects
business.industry ,Plasma calcium ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,food and beverages ,Ice calving ,Milk fever ,medicine.disease ,Breed ,Lower incidence ,Animal science ,Herd ,Medicine ,business ,Parturient Paresis - Abstract
One hundred and seventeen Israeli-Friesian cows from herds with a milk fever incidence of more than 15 percent were injected intramuscularly with either 350 μg 1α hydroxyvitamin D3 (1αOHD3) in propylene glycol or with the vehicle alone, close to calving. If parturition had not occurred within 72 hours a second injection was administered; parturition was induced two days after the second injection if necessary. There were 10 cases of milk fever among 57 control cows as opposed to two cases among the 60 animals treated with 1αOHD3. In an attempt to prolong the effect of the drug, Israeli-Friesian cows were injected intramuscularly with 350 μg 1αOHD3 in either 10 ml propylene glycol or arachis oil. 1αOHD3 in arachis oil did not prolong the effect of the drug. 1αOHD3 in propylene glycol increased plasma calcium concentrations more rapidly than when the drug was administered in oil. Additional cows of the same breed and age were injected intramuscularly with 350 μg 1αOHD3 in propylene glycol. Five of the animals received a second dose four days, and five received a second dose five days after the first injection. Five animals served as uninjected controls. The plasma calcium levels of the injected cows were significantly higher (P, The Bovine Practitioner, No. 22 (1987 November)
- Published
- 1987
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24. A novel paleo-bleaching proxy using boron isotopes and high-resolution laser ablation to reconstruct coral bleaching events
- Author
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Dishon, G., Fisch, J., Horn, Ingo, Kaczmarek, Karina, Bijma, Jelle, Gruber, D.F., Nir, O., Popovich, Y., and Tchernov, D.
- Subjects
Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften ,surface-temperature ,caribbean sea ,13. Climate action ,south china sea ,boric-acid ,climate-change ,porites corals ,ocean acidification ,14. Life underwater ,reef ,scleractinian corals ,seawater ph - Abstract
Coral reefs occupy only similar to 0.1 percent of the ocean's habitat, but are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem. In recent decades, coral reefs have experienced a significant global decline due to a variety of causes, one of the major causes being widespread coral bleaching events. During bleaching, the coral expels its symbiotic algae, thereby losing its main source of nutrition generally obtained through photosynthesis. While recent coral bleaching events have been extensively investigated, there is no scientific data on historical coral bleaching prior to 1979. In this study, we employ high-resolution femtosecond Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) to demonstrate a distinct biologically induced decline of boron (B) isotopic composition (delta B-11) as a result of coral bleaching. These findings and methodology offer a new use for a previously developed isotopic proxy to reconstruct paleo-coral bleaching events. Based on a literature review of published delta B-11 data and our recorded vital effect of coral bleaching on the delta B-11 signal, we also describe at least two possible coral bleaching events since the Last Glacial Maximum. The implementation of this bleaching proxy holds the potential of identifying occurrences of coral bleaching throughout the geological record. A deeper temporal view of coral bleaching will enable scientists to determine if it occurred in the past during times of environmental change and what outcome it may have had on coral population structure. Understanding the frequency of bleaching events is also critical for determining the relationship between natural and anthropogenic causes of these events.
25. Efficacy of 1α hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis
- Author
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Sachs, M., primary, Bar, A., additional, Nir, O., additional, Ochovsky, D., additional, Machnai, B., additional, Meir, E., additional, Weiner, B. Z., additional, and Mazor, Z., additional
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Efficacy of 1 alpha hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis
- Author
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Sachs, M., primary, Bar, A., additional, Nir, O., additional, Ochovsky, D., additional, Machnai, B., additional, Meir, E., additional, Weiner, B., additional, and Mazor, Z., additional
- Published
- 1987
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- View/download PDF
27. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stable Spirooxyphosphoranes - Potential Promoters of Catalytic Antibodies.
- Author
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NIR, O., FRIDKIN, FRIDKIN, and SEGALL, Y.
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- 1997
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- View/download PDF
28. Recognition of Israel by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) "Negligible" BSE Status under the Provisions of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (2011).
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Yakobson, B. A., Perl, S., Edery, N., Shekhat, N., Lubashevsky, E., Yadin, H., Tal, M., Garazi, S., Abed El Khaliq, M., Galon, N., Nir, O., and Shimshony, A.
- Subjects
- *
BOVINE spongiform encephalopathy , *ANIMAL health , *ANIMAL diseases - Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the variant Creutzfelt-Jakob disease was first recognized internationally as a growing public and animal health burden in the late eighties of the twentieth century. Israel undertook a proactive policy to prevent BSE introduction since the early stages of the UK event. One case of BSE has been diagnosed in Israel in 2002, in a dairy cow born in Israel in 1992.The control measures according to OIE recommendations and EU regulations were applied. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has collected scientific data and drawn up a simplified scheme for assessing risk category by country or zone. In order to apply for recognition for the classification of the BSE status of Israel as "Negligible" it was necessary to respond to a questionnaire of the OIE. This review article documents the answers to the questionnaire presented to OIE Scientific Committee and briefly discusses the measures which prevented significant introduction of BSE from Europe to Israel. During the 82nd General Session of the OIE, May 2013, the status of "Negligible risk" was granted to the State of Israel,cancelling restrictions upon export of relevant animal products to countries with similar or higher risk level. The BSE "Negligible" status allowed Israel to discontinue the application of control measures with annual expenditure of about two million US Dollars and cut the losses associated with the destruction of Specified Risk Material (SRM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
29. Worst Case Scenarios in Soccer Training and Competition: Analysis of Playing Position, Congested Periods, and Substitutes.
- Author
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Bortnik L, Nir O, Forbes N, Alexander J, Harper D, Bruce-Low S, Carling C, and Rhodes D
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- Humans, Male, Young Adult, Adult, Time Factors, Soccer physiology, Athletic Performance physiology, Running physiology, Acceleration, Competitive Behavior physiology, Deceleration, Physical Conditioning, Human physiology
- Abstract
Aim : To understand mean (WCS
mean ) and peak (WCSpeak ) worst case scenarios within training and game play in male professional soccer. Methods : Thirty-one ( n = 31) first team players were monitored across 37 matches and 14 MD-3 sessions. Playing status was distinguished, football drills analyzed, and performance explored in long-period: >6 days, moderate-period: 5-6 days, and congested-period: ≤4 days. Relative total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD, >19.8 km·h-1 ), sprint distance (SD, >25.2 km·h-1 ), accelerations/decelerations (A+D, >3 m·s-2 ), accelerations (Acc, >3 m·s-2 ), and decelerations (Dec, >-3 m·s-2 ) were measured as well as Maximum acceleration (Max Acc; m·s-2 ) and deceleration (Max Dec; m·s-2 ). Results : Analysis of variance found differences between matches and training in WCSmean for TD, HSRD, SD, and Max Dec in all positions ( p < .001; partial η2 > .275). Fullbacks displayed differences between match and training in Max Acc (moderate ESs; p < .001), while center backs and central midfielders in Max Dec (large ESs; p > .05). Main effects of playing status were discovered for all metrics except Max Dec ( p < .001; partial η2 > .124). Analysis showed differences between long- and congested-period for A+D and Dec (large ESs; p ≤ .05). Conclusions : Findings provide more insights into short peak intensity demands of soccer showing that the maximum high velocity action of acceleration and deceleration is not being replicated in training. Nonstarters lack maximum intensity exposure in matches (WCSpeak ) increasing the gap between training and competition even higher during congested fixture periods.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt and intrauterine growth restriction: an inquiry from a prospective study.
- Author
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Czeiger S, Weissbach T, Zloto K, Wiener A, Nir O, Massarwa A, Weisz B, Bartal MF, Ulman RY, Bart Y, Achiron R, Kivilevitch Z, Mazaki-Tovi S, and Kassif E
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Infant, Newborn, Prevalence, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Gestational Age, Fetal Growth Retardation epidemiology, Fetal Growth Retardation diagnostic imaging, Umbilical Veins diagnostic imaging, Umbilical Veins abnormalities, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Portal Vein abnormalities, Portal Vein diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background: The investigation of the fetal umbilical-portal venous system is based on the premise that congenital anomalies of this system may be related to adverse perinatal outcomes. Several small retrospective studies have reported an association between umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts and intrauterine growth restriction. However, the prevalence of portosystemic shunts in the fetal growth restricted population is yet to be determined., Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of fetal umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and (2) to compare the perinatal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction with and without umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts., Study Design: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of pregnancies diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction, as defined by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine intrauterine growth restriction guidelines. All participants underwent a detailed anomaly scan, supplemented with a targeted scan of the fetal portal system. Venous shunts were diagnosed using color Doppler mode. The perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction with and without umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts were compared., Results: A total of 150 cases with intrauterine growth restriction were recruited. The prevalence of umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts in our cohort was 9.3% (n=14). When compared with the control group (intrauterine growth restriction without umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts, n=136), the study group had a significantly lower mean gestational age at the time of intrauterine growth restriction diagnosis (29.7±5.6 vs 32.47±4.6 weeks of gestation; P=.036) and an earlier gestational age at delivery (33.50±6.0 vs 36.13±2.8; P=.005). The study group had a higher rate of fetal death (21.4% vs 0.7%; P<.001) and, accordingly, a lower rate of live births (71.4% vs 95.6%; P=.001). Additional associated fetal vascular anomalies were significantly more prevalent in the study group than in the control group (35.7% vs 4.4%; P≤.001). The rate of other associated anomalies was similar. The study group had a significantly lower rate of abnormal uterine artery Doppler indices (0% vs 40.4%; P=.011) and a higher rate of abnormal ductus venosus Doppler indices (64.3% vs 23%; P=.001). There were no cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study group, whereas the control group had an incidence of 12.5% (P=.16). Other perinatal and neonatal outcomes were comparable., Conclusion: Umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt is a relatively common finding among fetuses with growth restriction. When compared with pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction with a normal portal system, these pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and an umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt are associated with a different Doppler flow pattern, an increased risk for fetal death, earlier presentation of intrauterine growth restriction, a lower gestational age at delivery, additional congenital vascular anomalies, and a lower rate of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. Meticulous sonographic evaluation of the portal system should be considered in the prenatal workup of intrauterine growth restriction, as umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts may affect perinatal outcomes., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Soft matter-water interface: general discussion.
- Author
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Backus EHG, Ben Ari G, Benaglia S, Bonn M, Bui AT, Cox SJ, Della Pia F, Fraxedas J, Goel G, Jiang Y, Jin D, Koga K, Laage D, Miao S, Michaelides A, Morgenstern K, Mukherjee T, Nagata Y, Naito H, Nir O, Olvera de la Cruz M, Orlikowska-Rzeznik H, Pan D, Rempe SLB, Salzmann CG, Taira A, Vilangottunjalil A, Wang S, Willard AP, Yao Y, and Yu J
- Published
- 2024
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32. Integrating technologies to provide comprehensive remote fetal surveillance: A prospective pilot study.
- Author
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Nir O, Dvir G, Galler E, Axelrod M, Farhi A, Barkai G, Weisz B, Sivan E, Mazaki Tovi S, and Tsur A
- Subjects
- Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Fetus, Prenatal Care methods, Telemedicine methods
- Abstract
Objective: To determine the feasibility of extending remote maternal-fetal care to include fetus well-being., Methods: The authors performed a prospective pilot study investigating low-risk pregnant participants who were recruited at the time of their first full-term in-person visit and scheduled for a follow-up telemedicine visit. Using novel self-operated fetal monitoring and ultrasound devices, fetal heart monitoring and amniotic fluid volume measurements were obtained to complete a modified biophysical profile (mBPP). Total visit length was measured for both the in-person first visit and the subsequent telemedicine encounter. A patient satisfaction survey form was obtained., Results: Ten women between 40 + 1 and 40 + 6 weeks of gestation participated in telemedicine encounters. Nine women (90%) were able to complete remote mBPP assessment. For one participant, fetal assessment was not completed due to technically inconclusive fetal monitoring. Another participant was referred for additional assessment in the delivery room. Satisfactory amniotic fluid volume measurements were achieved in 100% of participants. The telemedicine encounter was significantly shorter (93.1 ± 33.1 min) than the in-person visit (247.2 ± 104.7 min; P < 0.001). We observed high patient satisfaction., Conclusion: Remote fetal well-being assessment is feasible and time-saving and results in high patient satisfaction. This novel paradigm of comprehensive remote maternal and fetal assessment is associated with important clinical, socioeconomic, and logistics advantages., (© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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33. Precise Cation Separations with Composite Cation-Exchange Membranes: Role of Base Layer Properties.
- Author
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DuChanois RM, Mazurowski L, Fan H, Verduzco R, Nir O, and Elimelech M
- Subjects
- Copper, Cations, Polymers, Water
- Abstract
Separation of specific ions from water could enable recovery and reuse of essential metals and nutrients, but established membrane technologies lack the high-precision selectivity needed to facilitate a circular resource economy. In this work, we investigate whether the cation/cation selectivity of a composite cation-exchange membrane (CEM), or a thin polymer selective layer on top of a CEM, may be limited by the mass transfer resistance of the underlying CEM. In our analysis, we utilize a layer-by-layer technique to modify CEMs with a thin polymer selective layer (∼50 nm) that has previously shown high selectivity toward copper over similarly sized metals. While these composite membranes have a CuCl
2 /MgCl2 selectivity up to 33 times larger than unmodified CEMs in diffusion dialysis, our estimates suggest that eliminating resistance from the underlying CEM could further increase selectivity twofold. In contrast, the CEM base layer has a smaller effect on the selectivity of these composite membranes in electrodialysis, although these effects could become more pronounced for ultrathin or highly conductive selective layers. Our results highlight that base layer resistance prevents selectivity factors from being comparable across diffusion dialysis and electrodialysis, and CEMs with low resistance are necessary for providing highly precise separations with composite CEMs.- Published
- 2023
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34. Maternal and Neonatal Immune Responses Following COVID-19 Infection and Vaccinations in Pregnancy.
- Author
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Toussia-Cohen S, Nir O, Peretz-Machluf R, Bookstein-Peretz S, Segal O, Asraf K, Doolman R, Regev-Yochay G, and Yinon Y
- Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare the maternal and neonatal humoral immune responses among different groups of women, namely those vaccinated by the BNT162b2 vaccine, not vaccinated, and COVID-19-recovered parturient women at the time of delivery. This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women, divided into four groups: Group A "Recovered"-recovered and not vaccinated. Group B "Second Vaccination"-first and second doses only. Group C "Third Vaccination"-third dose. Group D "No Third Vaccination"-women eligible for the third dose of the vaccine but did not receive it. Maternal and umbilical cord blood were sampled and tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies on admittance to labor and immediately postpartum, respectively. Maternal serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significantly higher among Group C compared to Group B (741.6 (514.5-1069) vs. 333.5 (327-340.2), respectively). Both groups had higher antibody levels compared to Groups A and D (113.5 (61.62-209.1) and 57.99 (32.93-102.1), respectively). Similarly, umbilical cord blood SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were also highest among Group C compared to the other three groups (1269 (953.4-1690) vs. Group B, 322.6 (305.6-340.5), Group A, 109 (49.01-242.6), and Group D, 103.9 (48.59-222), respectively). In conclusion, pregnant women who were fully vaccinated with three dosages before delivery generated the highest levels of maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
35. Regressing SARS-CoV-2 Sewage Measurements Onto COVID-19 Burden in the Population: A Proof-of-Concept for Quantitative Environmental Surveillance.
- Author
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Bar-Or I, Yaniv K, Shagan M, Ozer E, Weil M, Indenbaum V, Elul M, Erster O, Mendelson E, Mannasse B, Shirazi R, Kramarsky-Winter E, Nir O, Abu-Ali H, Ronen Z, Rinott E, Lewis YE, Friedler E, Bitkover E, Paitan Y, Berchenko Y, and Kushmaro A
- Subjects
- Environmental Monitoring, Humans, RNA, Viral genetics, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Sewage
- Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an RNA virus, a member of the coronavirus family of respiratory viruses that includes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). It has had an acute and dramatic impact on health care systems, economies, and societies of affected countries during the past 8 months. Widespread testing and tracing efforts are being employed in many countries in attempts to contain and mitigate this pandemic. Recent data has indicated that fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 is common and that the virus RNA can be detected in wastewater. This indicates that wastewater monitoring may provide a potentially efficient tool for the epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in large populations at relevant scales. In particular, this provides important means of (i) estimating the extent of outbreaks and their spatial distributions, based primarily on in-sewer measurements, (ii) managing the early-warning system quantitatively and efficiently, and (iii) verifying disease elimination. Here we report different virus concentration methods using polyethylene glycol (PEG), alum, or filtration techniques as well as different RNA extraction methodologies, providing important insights regarding the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage. Virus RNA particles were detected in wastewater in several geographic locations in Israel. In addition, a correlation of virus RNA concentration to morbidity was detected in Bnei-Barak city during April 2020. This study presents a proof of concept for the use of direct raw sewage-associated virus data, during the pandemic in the country as a potential epidemiological tool., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Bar-Or, Yaniv, Shagan, Ozer, Weil, Indenbaum, Elul, Erster, Mendelson, Mannasse, Shirazi, Kramarsky-Winter, Nir, Abu-Ali, Ronen, Rinott, Lewis, Friedler, Bitkover, Paitan, Berchenko and Kushmaro.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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36. Maternal-neonatal transfer of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies among parturient women treated with BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine during pregnancy.
- Author
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Nir O, Schwartz A, Toussia-Cohen S, Leibovitch L, Strauss T, Asraf K, Doolman R, Sharabi S, Cohen C, Lustig Y, Regev-Yochay G, and Yinon Y
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Infant, Newborn, Placenta, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, RNA, Messenger, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccines, Synthetic, mRNA Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, COVID-19
- Abstract
Background: The exclusion of pregnant women from initial COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccine trials raised hesitancy regarding the benefits of vaccination for pregnant women, hence little is known about vaccines' efficacy in this population., Objective: To determine the maternal-neonatal transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among vaccinated parturient women. A control group of COVID-19-recovered patients was included to compare the immunoglobulin G levels between vaccinated and recovered patients., Study Design: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in a single tertiary medical center in Israel between February and March 2021; parturient women vaccinated with the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine during pregnancy were included and compared with COVID-19-recovered parturient women. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies were measured in maternal and cord sera, dried blood spot samples taken from newborns, and breast milk samples. The primary aim was to determine whether neonatal cord and dried blood spot samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and to evaluate the transfer ratio, defined as cord blood immunoglobulin G divided by maternal immunoglobulin G levels., Results: The study included 64 vaccinated parturient women and 11 parturient women who had COVID-19 during pregnancy. All maternal blood sera samples and 98.3% of the cord blood sera samples were positive for SARS-Cov-2 immunoglobulin G with median concentrations of 26.1 (interquartile range, 22.0-39.7) and 20.2 (interquartile range, 12.7-29.0), respectively. Similarly, 96.4% of neonatal blood spot samples and all breast milk samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G with median concentrations of 11.0 (interquartile range, 7.2-12.8) and 4.9 (interquartile range, 3.8-6.0), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between maternal serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G and cord blood (r=0.483; P=.0001), neonatal blood spot (r=0.515; P=.004), and breast milk levels (r=0.396; P=.005) of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G. The median placental transfer ratio of SARS-COV-2 immunoglobulin G was 0.77. Comparison of vaccinated and recovered COVID-19 patients revealed significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G levels in maternal serum and cord blood among vaccinated women (P<.0001)., Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the efficient transfer of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G across the placenta in women, vaccinated with the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine during pregnancy, to their neonates, with a positive correlation between maternal serum and cord blood antibody concentrations. In addition to maternal protection against COVID-19, the vaccine may also provide neonatal humoral immunity., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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37. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in lactating women and their infants following BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine.
- Author
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Schwartz A, Nir O, Toussia-Cohen S, Leibovich L, Strauss T, Asraf K, Doolman R, Sharabi S, Cohen C, Levin EG, Lustig Y, Regev-Yochay G, and Yinon Y
- Subjects
- BNT162 Vaccine, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Lactation, Antibodies, Viral analysis, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, Milk, Human immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Vaccination
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process.
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Abu Ali H, Yaniv K, Bar-Zeev E, Chaudhury S, Shagan M, Lakkakula S, Ronen Z, Kushmaro A, and Nir O
- Abstract
Municipal sewage carries degraded and intact viral particles and RNA (ribonucleic acid) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2), shed by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients, to sewage and eventually to wastewater treatment plants. Proper wastewater treatment can prevent uncontrolled discharges of the virus into the environment. However, the role of different wastewater treatment stages in reducing viral RNA concentrations is, thus far, unknown. Here, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw sewage and during the main stages of the activated sludge process from two wastewater treatment plants in Israel, on three different days during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak. To reduce the detection limit, samples were concentrated prior to quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction by a factor of 2-43 using ultrafiltration. On average, ∼1 log RNA removal was attained by each of the primary and secondary treatment steps; however, >100 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA/mL remained in the secondary effluents. Following chlorination, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected only once, likely due to an insufficient chlorine dose. Our results emphasize the capabilities and limitations of the conventional wastewater treatment process in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration and present preliminary evidence for the importance of tertiary treatment and chlorination in reducing dissemination of the virus to the environment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 American Chemical Society.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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39. Low-resistance monovalent-selective cation exchange membranes prepared using molecular layer deposition for energy-efficient ion separations.
- Author
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Wormser EM, Nir O, and Edri E
- Abstract
The desalination of brackish water provides water to tens of millions of people around the world, but current technologies deplete much needed nutrients from the water, which is determinantal to both public health and agriculture. A selective method for brackish water desalination, which retains the needed nutrients, is electrodialysis (ED) using monovalent-selective cation exchange membranes (MVS-CEMs). However, due to the trade-off between membrane selectivity and resistance, most MVS-CEMs demonstrate either high transport resistance or low selectivity, which increase energy consumption and hinder the use of such membranes for brackish water desalination by ED. Here, we introduce a new method for fabrication of MVS-CEMs, using molecular layer deposition (MLD) to coat CEMs with ultrathin, hybrid organic-inorganic, positively charged layers of alucone. Using MLD enabled us to precisely control and minimize the selective layer thickness, while the flexibility and nanoporosity of the alucone prevent cracking and delamination. Under conditions simulating brackish water desalination, the modified CEMs provides monovalent selectivity with negligible added resistance-thereby alleviating the selectivity-resistance trade-off. Addressing the water-energy nexus, MLD-coating enables selective brackish water desalination with minimal increase in energy consumption and opens a new path for tailoring membranes' surface properties., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
- Published
- 2021
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40. Tuning the Ion-Selectivity of Thin-Film Composite Nanofiltration Membranes by Molecular Layer Deposition of Alucone.
- Author
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Chaudhury S, Wormser E, Harari Y, Edri E, and Nir O
- Abstract
This work addresses a key challenge of tailoring the ion selectivity of a thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane to a specific application, such as water softening, without altering the water permeability. We modified the active surface of a commercial NF270 membrane by molecular layer deposition (MLD) of ethylene glycol-Al (EG-alucone). With increasing deposition cycles, we found that the MLD precursors first infiltrated and deposited in the active layer of NF270, then inflated the active layer, and finally deposited on the surface as a distinct EG-alucone layer. The deposition process changed the morphology of the membrane active layer and decreased the overall density of its fixed negative charge by embedding the positively charged EG-alucone. Filtration experiments revealed that these modifications affected the ion separation properties of the membrane without significantly hindering the water permeability. Specifically, the permeation of Na
+ increased relative to that of Mg2+ , as indicated by the permselectivity of Na+ salts over Mg2+ salts. The changes in permselectivities with an increasing number of MLD cycles were rationalized using the dielectric, steric, and electrostatic ion exclusion mechanisms, which are related to the membrane material, pore size, and fixed charge, respectively. These relations open a path for the rational design of nanofiltration membranes with tailored selectivity by tuning the properties of the MLD layer. Filtration results of natural brackish groundwater using the MLD modified membranes agreed with the single salt experiments. As a result, water hardness was 26% lower for the permeate obtained using the MLD-modified membranes, which were found stable even during a 24 h filtration run. These results highlight the practical potential of this approach in enhancing water softening efficiency.- Published
- 2020
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41. Molecular insight into the interfacial chemical functionalities regulating heterogeneous calcium-arsenate nucleation.
- Author
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Zhai H, Bernstein R, Nir O, and Wang L
- Abstract
Heterogeneous nucleation induced by natural organic matter (NOM) can lower the energy barrier for calcium arsenate (Ca-As) precipitation, which aids in immobilizing arsenate (As
Ⅴ ). However, it remains unclear how certain chemical functionalities of NOM affect Ca-As nucleation at the molecular scale. By analyzing changes in the local supersaturation and/or interfacial energy, the present work investigates the Ca-As heterogeneous nucleation kinetics and mechanisms on functional-group-modified model surfaces. Mica surfaces modified by functional groups of amine (NH2 ), hydroxyl (OH), or carboxyl (COOH) through self-assembled monolayers were used to investigate how chemical functionalities affect the Ca-As heterogeneous nucleation, in which the distributions of formation kinetics and size (as measured by the change in particle height) of nucleated Ca-As particles were measured by using in situ atomic force microscopy. In a parallel analysis, a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation was used to detect the buildup of Ca2+ and/or HAsO4 2- ions at the solid-fluid interface. PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping and dynamic force spectroscopy using functional-group-modified tips made it possible to calculate the binding energies holding functional groups to Ca-As particles. Nucleated Ca-As particles were characterized by using Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the height of amorphous Ca-As particles formed on a modified mica surface may be ranked in descending order as NH2 > OH > bare mica > COOH, as determined by the buildup of Ca2+ and HAsO4 2- ions at the solid-fluid interface and the decrease of interfacial energy due to the functional groups. These nanoscale observations and molecular-scale determinations improve our understanding of the roles played by chemical functionalities on NOM in immobilizing dissolved As through heterogeneous nucleation in soil and water., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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42. Long-Term Ultrasound Follow-Up After Pediatric Adnexal Torsion.
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Smorgick N, Nir O, Pekar-Zlotin M, Maymon S, Pansky M, and Maymon R
- Subjects
- Adnexa Uteri, Adolescent, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Adnexal Diseases, Ovarian Diseases, Torsion Abnormality surgery
- Abstract
Purpose: Conservative surgical management of adnexal torsion in pre- and post-menarchal girls by de-torsion and adnexal conservation is the current standard of care. The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term outcome of adnexal torsion in this population in terms of ultrasound appearance and ovarian volume., Methods: Patients who were surgically treated for adnexal torsion and were < 18 years old at time of surgery were prospectively invited for ultrasound follow-up. The ultrasound exam included measurements of ovarian volume and grayscale appearance including identification of ovarian follicular activity., Results: 84 cases of torsion in this population were identified, and 37 of them were included in the study. Of those, the affected ovary could not be demonstrated on follow-up scan in six (16.2 %) cases. A difference of ≥ 2 cm
3 in ovarian volume between the affected and non-affected ovaries was diagnosed in 12 (32.4 %) cases, but follicular activity was observed in 10 of those. Thus, possible ovarian injury (including cases of non-demonstrated ovary and volume difference of ≥ 2 cm3 between the affected and non-affected ovaries) was found in 18 (48.6 %) cases. Of the clinical and surgical parameters (including age at time of torsion, duration of pain prior to admission, cystectomy procedure and intraoperative "bluish" appearance of the ovary), only the presence of fever on admission was significantly associated with possible ovarian injury (p = 0.01)., Conclusion: Long-term ultrasound follow-up of pre- and post-menarchal girls with a history of adnexal torsion may identify patients with adversely affected ovarian volume. The significance of this finding in terms of fertility is unknown., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Phosphorous recovery from a novel recirculating aquaculture system followed by its sustainable reuse as a fertilizer.
- Author
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Yogev U, Vogler M, Nir O, Londong J, and Gross A
- Subjects
- Bioreactors, Fertilizers, Phosphorus, Sewage, Aquaculture
- Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life that is introduced through feed in modern aquaculture-the fastest growing food production sector. P can also be a source of environmental contamination and eutrophication if mistreated. Fish assimilate only 20-40% of the applied P; the rest is released into the water. The goals of this research were to study the fate of P in a novel intensive near-zero discharge (<1%) recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). We also tested means to recover and reuse the removed P. Water, sludge and the microbial communities in the different treatment units of the system were analyzed. The treated sludge was tested as a potential substitute for P fertilization in a planter experiment. Of the applied P, 29.5% was recovered by fish, 69.8% was found in the fish sludge and 3.8% was released into the water as soluble reactive P. The P concentration in the fish tank remained stable, likely due to its uptake by denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms and its precipitation in the RAS's anaerobic reactor. Thus, only 1.5% of the applied P was discharged as effluent, and 69% recovered. The dominant minerals were from the apatite group, followed by the struvite family. Differences in mineral abundance between thermodynamic prediction and actual findings were most probably due to biomineralization by bacteria. Similar plant biomass was recorded for the commercial and digested-sludge fertilization treatments. Biological P removal and recovery from RAS was successfully studied and demonstrated., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Ion Transport in Laser-Induced Graphene Cation-Exchange Membrane Hybrids.
- Author
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Chaudhury S, Thakur AK, Gojman RS, Arnusch CJ, and Nir O
- Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes hybridized with laser-induced graphene (LIG) might lead to membranes with functional surface effects such as antifouling, antibacterial, or joule heating effects; however, understanding the change in the electrical properties of the membrane is essential. Here we studied LIG-modified ion-exchange polymeric membranes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The conductivity of the anionic sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) membranes and the effective capacitance of the membrane-electrolyte interface were obtained by fitting the EIS spectra to an electrochemical equivalent circuit and compared with LIG-modified nonionic poly(ether sulfone) films. The transport selectivity (as the relative permeability) of counterions (K
+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+ ) across the membrane was quantified using the membrane's conductivities obtained from the EIS measurements. The total ohmic resistance of the membrane was directly correlated to the polymer thickness (with negligible contribution from the conductive LIG layer), thereby establishing EIS as a rapid, low-cost, and noninvasive method to accurately probe substrate usage in LIG modification.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Long-term outcome of MR-guided focused ultrasound treatment and laparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine fibroid tumors.
- Author
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Mohr-Sasson A, Machtinger R, Mashiach R, Nir O, Inbar Y, Maliyanker N, Goldenberg M, and Rabinovici J
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation, Humans, Laparoscopy, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uterine Myomectomy, Leiomyoma surgery, Quality of Life, Uterine Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Background: Fibroid tumors are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age. Treatment is usually indicated for those who are symptomatic, with different techniques being used., Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of laparoscopic myomectomy with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for symptomatic uterine fibroid tumors., Study Design: A cohort study was conducted on all patients with symptomatic uterine fibroid tumors who were admitted to a single tertiary care center and treated operatively with laparoscopic myomectomy or treated conservatively with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound from January 2012 until January 2017. Assessment for further interventions and sustained fibroid-associated symptoms was performed, with the use of the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life symptom severity score., Results: One hundred fifty-four women met the inclusion criteria. Complete follow-up evaluation was achieved for 64 women who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy and for 68 women who were treated by magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound. Follow-up time was similar for the 2 groups (median, 31 months [interquartile range, 17-51 months] vs 36 months [interquartile range, 24-41]; P=.95). The rate of additional interventions was 5 (7.8%) and 9 (13.2%), respectively (P=0.312). Similarly, the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life symptom severity score questionnaire score at follow-up interviews revealed comparable median scores of 17 (interquartile range, 12-21) vs 17 (interquartile range, 13-22) for laparoscopic myomectomy and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound, respectively (P=.439). Analysis of each of the symptoms separately (bleeding, changes in menstruation, abdominal pain, bladder activity, nocturia, fatigue) did not change these findings, nor did a multivariate analysis., Conclusion: Satisfaction with long-term outcome and rate of reinterventions after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment or laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine fibroid tumors was comparable. Further larger randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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46. Phenotypic Features and Longterm Outcomes of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with Arthritis and Arthralgia.
- Author
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Nir O, Rinawi F, Amarilyo G, Harel L, Shamir R, and Assa A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Arthralgia diagnosis, Arthritis diagnosis, Biological Products therapeutic use, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Phenotype, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Symptom Assessment, Arthralgia complications, Arthritis complications, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases complications
- Abstract
Objective: The natural history of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with joint involvement has not been clearly described. Thus, we aimed to investigate phenotypic features and clinical outcomes of this distinct association., Methods: The medical records of patients with pediatric IBD diagnosed from 2000 to 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Main outcome measures included time to first flare, hospitalization, surgery, and biologic therapy., Results: Of 301 patients with Crohn disease (median age 14.2 yrs), 37 (12.3%) had arthritis while 44 (14.6%) had arthralgia at diagnosis. Arthritis and arthralgia were more common in women (p = 0.028). Patients with arthritis and arthralgia demonstrated lower rates of perianal disease (2.7% and 4.5% vs 16.9%, p = 0.013), whereas patients with arthritis were more likely to be treated with biologic therapy (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.27-3.33, p = 0.009). Of 129 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; median age 13.7 yrs), 3 (2.3%) had arthritis and 16 (12.4%) had arthralgia at diagnosis. Patients with arthralgia were treated more often with corticosteroids (p = 0.03) or immunomodulator therapies (p = 0.003) compared with those without joint involvement. The likelihood to undergo colectomy was significantly higher in patients with arthralgia (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.4, p = 0.04). During followup (median 9.0 yrs), 13 patients developed arthritis (3.3%). Arthralgia at diagnosis was a significant predictor for the development of arthritis during followup (HR 9.0, 95% CI 2.86-28.5, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Pediatric IBD patients with arthritis have distinct phenotypic features. Arthralgia at diagnosis is a predictor for colectomy in UC and a risk factor for the development of arthritis during followup.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The Characteristics and Long-term Outcomes of Pediatric Crohn's Disease Patients with Perianal Disease.
- Author
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Herman Y, Rinawi F, Rothschild B, Nir O, Shamir R, and Assa A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anal Canal pathology, Child, Crohn Disease complications, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Phenotype, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Anus Diseases etiology, Crohn Disease pathology, Patient Outcome Assessment, Rectal Fistula etiology, Severity of Illness Index
- Abstract
Background: Data on the outcomes of children with perianal Crohn's disease are limited. We aimed to assess phenotypic features at diagnosis and long-term disease-specific outcomes of this phenotype., Methods: The medical records of 296 pediatric onset patients with Crohn's disease, diagnosed from 2001 to 2015, were reviewed retrospectively. Baseline characteristics included age, sex, severity indices, laboratory data, endoscopic findings, and anthropometric measurements. Main outcome measures included time to first flare, hospitalization, surgery, and biological therapy., Results: Of the 296 included patients (median age 14.2 years), 70 (24%) had nonfistulizing perianal findings, whereas only 40 (13%) had fistulizing perianal disease at diagnosis. Perianal involvement was associated with female sex (P = 0.01), whereas fistulizing perianal disease resulted in a greater use of immunomodulators (P = 0.01). Time to hospitalization was shorter for both nonfistulizing and fistulizing perianal disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.66 and 1.34, respectively, P = 0.027) and time to biological therapy (HR 2.1 and 1.7, respectively, P = 0.002). There were no differences in time to first flare or surgery. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, additional 26 patients (10%) developed fistulizing perianal disease after a median time of 3.5 years. The presence of nonfistulizing disease at diagnosis was a significant risk factor for the development of fistulizing perianal disease (HR 3.4, P = 0.002). At the end of follow-up, complicated disease was more common in patients with any perianal involvement (P = 0.01)., Conclusions: Pediatric patients with Crohn's disease with both nonfistulizing and fistulizing disease have worse clinical outcomes. Nonfistulizing disease is a risk factor for the development of fistulizing disease over time.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Prognostic significance of granulomas in children with Crohn's disease.
- Author
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Rothschild B, Rinawi F, Herman Y, Nir O, Shamir R, and Assa A
- Subjects
- Adalimumab therapeutic use, Adolescent, Child, Crohn Disease drug therapy, Endoscopy, Female, Humans, Infliximab therapeutic use, Israel, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Upper Gastrointestinal Tract pathology, Crohn Disease complications, Crohn Disease diagnosis, Granuloma epidemiology, Granuloma pathology
- Abstract
Objectives: Granulomas have long been considered the histological hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD). Currently, there is considerable dispute with regards to their prognostic implications. We aimed to determine the effect of granulomas on phenotypic features and disease's long-term outcomes in a large cohort of pediatric CD patients., Materials and Methods: Medical records of pediatric CD patients diagnosed at the Schneider Children's Medical Center were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of granulomas at diagnosis. Baseline characteristics included anthropometric, clinical, laboratory, radiological and endoscopic data. Outcome measures included flares, hospitalizations, biological therapy and surgery., Results: Of 289 CD patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2015, 99 patients (34%) had granulomas. Median age of the entire cohort at diagnosis was 14.2 years (females, 42.6%), with a median follow-up of 8.5 years. Patients with granulomas had a significantly higher percentage (47.5% vs. 23.7%, p = .001) of upper gastrointestinal involvement and ileo-colonic disease (64.9% vs. 49.5%, p = .01). Extraintestinal manifestations were twice as common in patients without granulomas (16.3% vs. 8.1%, p = .05). Patients with granulomas were more likely to be hospitalized (HR =1.43, 95% CI: 1.0-2.0) and to receive biologic therapy (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.1-2.11). Additionally, both of these disease outcomes occurred significantly earlier (p = .013 and p = .027, respectively). In contrast, patients with granulomas did not exhibit increased risk of flares or bowel resection., Conclusion: Patients with granulomas exhibited a distinct phenotype at diagnosis and demonstrated a more severe disease course.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Microfiltration of deformable microgels.
- Author
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Nir O, Trieu T, Bannwarth S, and Wessling M
- Abstract
Understanding the separation, concentration and purification processes of soft nanoparticles is essential for numerous applications in water filtration, bioprocessing and blood separation. Here we report unique translocation and rejection features of sub-micron sized microgels during frontal filtration using membranes having micron-sized porosity. Simultaneously measuring the increase in hydraulic resistance and electrical impedance change allows us to clearly distinguish two deposition phases: (a) microgel accumulation within the depth of the membrane porosity and (b) subsequent formation of a thin gel layer on the membrane surface. Such distinction is impossible using only classical hydraulic resistance analysis. The methodology only requires the ratio of microgel to solution conductivity as an input parameter.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Modeling pH variation in reverse osmosis.
- Author
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Nir O, Bishop NF, Lahav O, and Freger V
- Subjects
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Hydroxides chemistry, Models, Theoretical, Onium Compounds chemistry, Osmosis, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
The transport of hydronium and hydroxide ions through reverse osmosis membranes constitutes a unique case of ionic species characterized by uncommonly high permeabilities. Combined with electromigration, this leads to complex behavior of permeate pH, e.g., negative rejection, as often observed for monovalent ions in nanofiltration of salt mixtures. In this work we employed a rigorous phenomenological approach combined with chemical equilibrium to describe the trans-membrane transport of hydronium and hydroxide ions along with salt transport and calculate the resulting permeate pH. Starting from the Nernst-Planck equation, a full non-linear transport equation was derived, for which an approximate solution was proposed based on the analytical solution previously developed for trace ions in a dominant salt. Using the developed approximate equation, transport coefficients were deduced from experimental results obtained using a spiral wound reverse osmosis module operated under varying permeate flux (2-11 μm/s), NaCl feed concentrations (0.04-0.18 M) and feed pH values (5.5-9.0). The approximate equation agreed well with the experimental results, corroborating the finding that diffusion and electromigration, rather than a priori neglected convection, were the major contributors to the transport of hydronium and hydroxide. The approach presented here has the potential to improve the predictive capacity of reverse osmosis transport models for acid-base species, thereby improving process design/control., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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