7 results on '"Nino Maghradze"'
Search Results
2. Developing customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing for tuberculosis surveillance in Georgia
- Author
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Nino Maghradze, Levan Jugheli, Sonia Borrell, Nestani Tukvadze, Russell R. Kempker, Henry M. Blumberg, and Sebastien Gagneux
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Introduction Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units–Variable Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing has been widely used for molecular epidemiological studies of tuberculosis (TB). However, genotyping tools for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may be limiting in some settings due to high cost and workload. In this study developed a customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing that prioritizes high discriminatory loci and validated this method using penitentiary system cohort in the country of Georgia. Methods We used a previously generated MIRU-VNTR dataset from recurrent TB cases (32 cases) in Georgia and a new dataset of TB cases from the penitentiary system (102 cases) recruited from 2014 to 2015. A Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI) was calculated utilizing a 24 standard loci panel, to select high discriminatory power loci, subsequently defined as the customized Georgia-specific set of loci for initial typing. The remaining loci were scored and hierarchically grouped for second and third step typing of the cohort. We then compared the processing time and costs of the customized stepwise method to the standard 24-loci method. Results For the customized Georgia-specific set that was used for initial typing, 10 loci were selected with a minimum value of 0.32 to the highest HGDI score locus. Customized 10 loci (step 1) typing of 102 Mtb patient isolates revealed 35.7% clustered cases. This proportion was reduced to 19.5% after hierarchical application of 2nd and 3rd step typing with the corresponding groups of loci. Our customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR genotyping approach reduced the quantity of samples to be typed and therefore overall processing time and costs by 42.6% each. Conclusion Our study shows that our customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing approach is a valid alternative of standard MIRI-VNTR typing panels for molecular epidemiological investigation in Georgia that saves time, workload and costs. Similar approaches could be developed for other settings.
- Published
- 2022
3. Classifying recurrent Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases in Georgia using MIRU-VNTR typing.
- Author
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Nino Maghradze, Levan Jugheli, Sonia Borrell, Nestani Tukvadze, Rusudan Aspindzelashvili, Zaza Avaliani, Klaus Reither, and Sebastien Gagneux
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main challenges in TB control. Genotyping based on Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) has been widely used to differentiate between relapse and reinfection, which are the two main causes of recurrent TB. There is a lack of data regarding the causes of TB recurrence in Georgia, and while differentiating between relapse and reinfection plays a key role in defining appropriate interventions, the required genotyping methodologies have not been implemented. The objective of this study was to implement MIRU-VNTR genotyping at the National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NCTBLD) and differentiate between relapse and reinfection in multidrug resistant (MDR-) TB patients from Tbilisi, Georgia. METHODS:Recurrent MDR tuberculosis cases from 2014-2016 diagnosed at NCTLD were included in the study when bacterial samples from both episodes were available. Genotyping based on the MIRU-VNTR 24 loci was implemented and used for differentiating between relapse and reinfection. Paired samples showing the same MIRU-VNTR pattern or one locus difference were classified as relapse, while two and more loci differences were treated as reinfection. Exact logistic regression was used to identify predictors of recurrence. RESULTS:Thirty two MDR-TB patients (64 samples) were included and MIRU-VNTR 24 typing was performed on the corresponding paired samples. Of the 32 patients, 25 (83.3%) were identified as relapse while 5 (16.7%) were due to re-infection. Patients with a history of incarceration were significantly associated with TB reinfection (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION:Recurrent TB in MDR patients in Georgia are mainly caused by relapse, raising concerns on the efficacy of the TB control program. An association between incarceration and reinfection likely reflects high levels of ongoing TB transmission in prisons, indicating the need for better TB infection control measures in these settings. Our results add to the rationale for implementing genotypic surveillance of TB more broadly to support TB control in Georgia.
- Published
- 2019
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4. Developing customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing for tuberculosis surveillance in Georgia
- Author
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Nino, Maghradze, Levan, Jugheli, Sonia, Borrell, Nestani, Tukvadze, Russell R, Kempker, Henry M, Blumberg, and Sebastien, Gagneux
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Molecular Epidemiology ,Georgia ,Genotype ,Humans ,Tuberculosis ,Minisatellite Repeats ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Bacterial Typing Techniques - Abstract
Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing has been widely used for molecular epidemiological studies of tuberculosis (TB). However, genotyping tools for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may be limiting in some settings due to high cost and workload. In this study developed a customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing that prioritizes high discriminatory loci and validated this method using penitentiary system cohort in the country of Georgia.We used a previously generated MIRU-VNTR dataset from recurrent TB cases (32 cases) in Georgia and a new dataset of TB cases from the penitentiary system (102 cases) recruited from 2014 to 2015. A Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI) was calculated utilizing a 24 standard loci panel, to select high discriminatory power loci, subsequently defined as the customized Georgia-specific set of loci for initial typing. The remaining loci were scored and hierarchically grouped for second and third step typing of the cohort. We then compared the processing time and costs of the customized stepwise method to the standard 24-loci method.For the customized Georgia-specific set that was used for initial typing, 10 loci were selected with a minimum value of 0.32 to the highest HGDI score locus. Customized 10 loci (step 1) typing of 102 Mtb patient isolates revealed 35.7% clustered cases. This proportion was reduced to 19.5% after hierarchical application of 2nd and 3rd step typing with the corresponding groups of loci. Our customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR genotyping approach reduced the quantity of samples to be typed and therefore overall processing time and costs by 42.6% each.Our study shows that our customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing approach is a valid alternative of standard MIRI-VNTR typing panels for molecular epidemiological investigation in Georgia that saves time, workload and costs. Similar approaches could be developed for other settings.
- Published
- 2021
5. Publisher Correction: Prisons as ecological drivers of fitness-compensated multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Author
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Sebastian M. Gygli, Chloé Loiseau, Sebastien Gagneux, Nestani Tukvadze, Nino Maghradze, Rusudan Aspindzelashvili, Levan Jugheli, Natia Adamia, Amanda Ross, Andrej Trauner, Zaza Avaliani, Sonia Borrell, Klaus Reither, Miriam Reinhard, and Christian Beisel
- Subjects
Genetics ,Tuberculosis ,MEDLINE ,medicine ,Microbial genetics ,Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Genomics ,General Medicine ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2021
6. Prisons as ecological drivers of fitness-compensated multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Author
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Chloé Loiseau, Sebastien Gagneux, Christian Beisel, Zaza Avaliani, Nestani Tukvadze, Miriam Reinhard, Sonia Borrell, Andrej Trauner, Natia Adamia, Levan Jugheli, Klaus Reither, Sebastian M. Gygli, Amanda Ross, Nino Maghradze, and Rusudan Aspindzelashvili
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Tuberculosis ,Population ,Antitubercular Agents ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,High transmission ,Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ,medicine ,Humans ,Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Experimental work ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Prisoners ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Prisons ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Mutation ,business - Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for one third of the annual deaths due to antimicrobial resistance(1). Drug resistance-conferring mutations frequently cause fitness costs in bacteria(2–5). Experimental work indicates that these drug resistance-related fitness costs might be mitigated by compensatory mutations(6–10). However, the clinical relevance of compensatory evolution remains poorly understood. Here we show that, in the country of Georgia, during a 6-year nationwide study, 63% of MDR-TB was due to patient-to-patient transmission. Compensatory mutations and patient incarceration were independently associated with transmission. Furthermore, compensatory mutations were overrepresented among isolates from incarcerated individuals that also frequently spilled over into the non-incarcerated population. As a result, up to 31% of MDR-TB in Georgia was directly or indirectly linked to prisons. We conclude that prisons fuel the epidemic of MDR-TB in Georgia by acting as ecological drivers of fitness-compensated strains with high transmission potential.
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7. Developing customized stepwise MIRU-VNTR typing for tuberculosis surveillance in Georgia
- Author
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'Nino Maghradze
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