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A scheme of the fabrication of 3D flower-like CoNi-MOF nanosheets and their application in electrocatalytic oxidation of quercetin.

Introduction: Physical exercise is well-recognized for its beneficial effects on health. Acute or short-term effects of exercise have been extensively studied; however, it remains unclear whether exercise in juvenile has sustained beneficial effects until old age. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that juvenile exercise would delay frailty and promote metabolic health in aged mice. Methods: Male and female mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups, and each group contains 50 mice. Mice in exercise group started swimming at 1 month of age and stopped at 4 month of age (1.5 hour per day and 5 days per week). No exercise intervention was conducted in other time. The general health, cardiac function, metabolism and other parameters were examined in aged mice. Transcriptional profiling of various tissues and organs was performed to obtain insight into mechanisms that how juvenile exercise affects aged mice. Results: Juvenile exercise mice showed significant reduction in frailty and improvement in metabolic health compared with sedentary controls. Both male and female juvenile exercise mice were scored lower in frailty at the age of 24 months. Juvenile exercise improved the integument and physical/musculoskeletal status of male mice. For females, juvenile exercise reduced frailty in all aspects. Female juvenile exercise mice weighted more than sedentary mice at 24 months old but male groups showed no difference. The cardiac function, food consumption, grip strength and rotarod running time between two groups also presented no difference at 24 months. Juvenile exercise mice showed improved flexibility in substrate usage at the age of 24 months under fasting condition. Aged mice in exercise group showed significant higher energy expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidation than their controls. KEGG overrepresentation analysis for the differentially expressed genes demonstrated that pathways altered by juvenile exercise were most related to metabolism, especially lipid metabolism. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that regular and moderate physical exercise in juvenile age extends health span in mice, highlighting the sustained beneficial effects of juvenile exercise.

Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) is an emerging endoscopic treatment modality for acute uncomplicated appendicitis (AUA) supported by several case series. However, to date, systematic studies have not been conducted in children and the prospective comparative data are lacking. Moreover, due to a concern for future malignancy risk in children from ionizing radiation, we used contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) instead of endoscopic retrograde appendiceal radiography (ERAR). Therefore, we conducted a prospective, randomized control clinical trial to compare the modified ERAT (mERAT) to antibiotic therapy in children with AUA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility and of mERAT in the treatment of hospitalized children with AUA. Children with AUA, confirmed by ultrasonography and or abdominal computed tomography, were consecutively enrolled from October 2018 to February, 2020. They were randomly assigned to receive mERAT or routine antibiotic treatment. Patients were followed until May, 2020. Th primary outcome variable was the duration of relief of the abdominal pain after treatment. We collected patient’s demographics, ultrasonic imaging findings, colonoscopy findings, and treatment outcomes of the mERAT and adverse even associated with mERAT. A total of 83 children were enrolled. 36 were randomized to mERAT and 47 to antibiotics treatment. All children in the mERAT group had endoscopic confirmed acute uncomplicated appendicitis, and there were no significant complications. However, 9 of patients in antibiotic group were poor responsive to treatment and switched to mERAT. The overall success rate of treatment with mERAT (100%) was significantly higher than that of antibiotics (80.9%) (P = 0.004). The median time to discharge was significantly shorter in mERAT group than in antibiotics treatment group [6.0 ± 1.76 days] (P = 0.004). mERAT provide a new alternative therapeutic option for childhood with AUA, especially for families who are reluctant to undergo an appendectomy.

Purpose At present, there are a variety of surgical methods for cleft palate repair, the authors first created the zigzag plasty of nasal mucosa musculature. The method is characteristic of better repair effect for anatomy and function of palatopharyngeal compared with the traditional method. Methods Fifty patients with cleft palate were involved in this study, and treated with 3 different operative methods, respectively: zigzag palatoplasty for the repair of nasal mucosa myometrium (n = 17), Sommerlad palatoplasty (n = 18) and the double opposing Z palatoplasty (n = 15), respectively. The length of soft palate (the distance from incisor to the tip of uvula) and the distance from uvula to posterior pharynx before and after operation were selected as outcome index. The post-operative speech intelligibility, nasal resonance, and nasal leaking were also evaluated. Results The results showed that the lengths of soft palate were increased by 14.50%, 13.23%, 10.10% with the zigzag palatoplasty, the double opposing Z palatoplasty and Sommerlad palatoplasty, respectively; the distances from the vertical tip to the posterior pharyngeal wall of 3 kinds of operation were reduced by 49.03%, 47.78%, 49.03%, respectively. The comparison of speech intelligibility, nasal resonance and nasal resonance assessment between/among groups were not significant. Conclusion The authors' research showed that the effect of zigzag palatoplasty works well in the repair of nasal mucosa myometrium and can be used as an optional method for functional repair of cleft palate.

The notion of learning dispositions has extended conceptions of learning in early childhood education to incorporate dimensions such as habits of mind and patterns of behaviour. This paper conceptu...

Hydrocracking of 1-methylnaphthalene to benzene (B), toluene (T), and xylene (X) was performed over a series of bi-functional catalysts (W/Beta) at 420 °C and 6 MPa. The reaction results and kineti...

In this work, formaldehyde formed in the methanol-to-olefins (MTOs) reaction was found to be a coke precursor on SAPO-34 and the amount of formaldehyde during the entire MTO reaction was measured a...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation, which currently lacks safe and effective medicine. Some previous studies indicated that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a natural saponin extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine herb Ligusticum chuanxiong, alleviates the experimental colitis symptoms in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of AS-IV on IBD remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that M2-polarized intestinal macrophages play a pivotal role in IBD progression. Here, we found that AS-IV attenuated clinical activity of DSS-induced colitis that mimics human IBD and resulted in the phenotypic transition of macrophages from immature pro-inflammatory macrophages to mature pro-resolving macrophages. In vitro, the phenotype changes of macrophages were observed by qRT-PCR after bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were induced to M1/M2 and incubated with AS-IV, respectively. In addition, AS-IV was effective in inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophages and promoting the pro-resolving macrophages to ameliorate experimental colitis via the regulation of the STAT signaling pathway. Hence, we propose that AS-IV can ameliorate experimental colitis partially by modulating macrophage phenotype by remodeling the STAT signaling, which seems to have an essential function in the ability of AS-IV to alleviate the pathological progress of IBD.

A systematic review was conducted on the literature on feeding behaviors in Chinese families of children under 6 years old. Forty relevant publications were identified, of which 33 were published in Chinese, 7 in English. All studies were questionnaire-based and used a cross-sectional research design. Approximately half of the studies reported a score for each feeding practice/style, based on a Likert scale; the other half dichotomized these scores into a percentage of the population that reported frequent use of the behaviors. The most commonly reported feeding style of Chinese caregivers was a locally defined "active response" style that somewhat resembled authoritative parenting. The most commonly reported feeding practices were praise, encouraging trying new foods, encouragement of balanced diet and encouragement of healthy eating. Some behaviors showed a great deal of variance in prevalence between studies, which may be at least partially due to differences in methodology and how behaviors were defined. Some feeding behaviors varied in frequency depending on the child's age, although longitudinal studies are needed to better understand how these evolve over time. Child body composition was also associated with feeding behaviors use, although the direction of the association cannot be determined due to the cross-sectional nature of the research. There is still an important gap in the literature regarding the feeding behaviors of non-maternal caregivers, as grandparents often play an important role in childcare in China.

A seed-induced preparation method was developed to synthesize ZSM-5 crystals, in which two different kinds of ZSM-5 crystals were used as seeds. The different preparation methods for seeds led to t...

This paper uses a grounded theory approach to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 employees of a large state-owned enterprise around the issue of employee work stress and physical and mental health. This was followed by a three-level coding with the help of NVIVO 11 to reveal the impact of challenge/hindrance stressor on employees' physical/mental health and the moderating effect of organizational support and self-efficacy on this relationship.

Acetaminophen is commonly used to reduce pain and fever. Unfortunately, overdose of acetaminophen is a leading cause of acute liver injury and failure in many developed countries. The majority of acetaminophen is safely metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine; however, a small percentage is converted to the highly reactive N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). At therapeutic doses, NAPQI is inactivated by glutathione S-transferases, but at toxic levels, excess NAPQI forms reactive protein adducts that lead to hepatotoxicity. Individual variability in the response to both therapeutic and toxic levels of acetaminophen suggests a genetic component is involved in acetaminophen metabolism. In this review, we evaluate the genetic association studies that have identified 147 single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. The identification of novel genetic markers for acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity provides a rich resource for further evaluation and may lead to improved prognosis, prevention, and treatment.

Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver injury (ALI) or acute liver failure in the United States. Its pathogenetic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Additional studies are warranted to identify new genetic risk factors for more mechanistic insights and new therapeutic target discoveries. The objective of this study was to explore the role and mechanisms of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in acetaminophen-induced ALI. C57BL/6 Nampt gene wild-type (Nampt(+/+)), heterozygous knockout (Nampt(+/−)), and overexpression (Nampt(OE)) mice were treated with overdose of acetaminophen, followed by histologic, biochemical, and transcriptomic evaluation of liver injury. The mechanism of Nampt in acetaminophen-induced hepatocytic toxicity was also explored in cultured primary hepatocytes. Three lines of evidence have convergently demonstrated that acetaminophen overdose triggers the most severe oxidative stress and necrosis, and the highest expression of key necrosis driving genes in Nampt(+/−) mice, whereas the effects in Nampt(OE) mice were least severe relative to Nampt(+/+) mice. Treatment of P7C3-A20, a small chemical molecule up-regulator of Nampt, ameliorated acetaminophen-induced mouse ALI over the reagent control. These findings support the fact that NAMPT protects against acetaminophen-induced ALI.

Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) units with and without nodes were experimentally studied under various loading conditions such as compression along parallel and perpendicular to the grain as well as tension and shear along parallel to the grain direction. Small specimens were carefully manufactured from Moso bamboo investigate to the effect of nodes on key mechanical properties including strength, ductility, elastic modulus and failure modes under considered loading cases. Results showed that nodes clearly have some beneficial effect on compression resistance of LBL units, albeit the effect is dependent on grain direction. On the other hand, the presence of nodes showed an adverse effect on the tensile resistance but did not have any meaningful effect on shear resistance. Elastic modulus under different loading conditions was also affected due to the presence of nodes. The behavior of LBL units under compression and shear were nonlinear and showed good agreement with Ramberg-Osgood type analytical models when calibrated using obtained results. In addition, the microstructure of LBL units was scanned using an electron microscope and it was obvious that those units are a two-phase composite material like natural bamboo.

Background/Aims: Aspirin has been demonstrated to possess potent chemopreventive and anticancer effects on prostate cancer. However, the more detailed molecular mechanisms of aspirin to suppress prostate cancer cell invasion have not been clearly elucidated. Methods: Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effects of aspirin on cell invasion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteinases activities in cell media were examined by gelatin zymography and ELISA. In addition, inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase-β (IKK-β) phosphorylation and IKK-β kinase activity were measured to assess the effects of aspirin on IKK-β activation. Results: We found that aspirin suppressed the invasion and attachment in human prostate cancer cells. Aspirin treatment significantly resulted in reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) activity, which are the proteolytic enzymes contributing to the degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membrane in cell invasion and metastasis. Our data further showed that aspirin was able to inhibit both urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in the cells. In addition, aspirin treatment caused a strong decrease in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, inhibitor of κB (IκB)-α phosphorylation together with translocation of NF-κB p65 to nucleus and IκB kinase (IKK)- β activation. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of aspirin on cell invasion were reversed by IKK-β overexpression, while the IKK inhibitor sensitizes the anti-invasive effect of aspirin in prostate cancer cells. Conclusion: The present research concluded that aspirin suppressed prostate cancer cell invasion by reducing MMP-9 activity and uPA expression through decreasing of IKK-β-mediated NF-κB activation, indicating that the ability of aspirin to inhibit cell invasion might be useful in the chemoprevention of metastatic prostate cancer.

This study examines the organic geochemistry, physics and accumulation dynamics of the Chang 7 tight oil reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin. We analyse the episodes, timing, and forces of hydrocarbon charging and ascertain the charging process of the lacustrine tight oil in the Chang 7 oil reservoirs by using petrography, micro-beam fluorescence spectra, micro-thermometry, and trapping pressure simulations of fluid inclusions from these reservoir beds. Three conclusions are reached. First, five episodes of brine inclusions and three episodes of hydrocarbon inclusions occurred in the Chang 7 tight reservoir beds. The hydrocarbon inclusions are mainly distributed in fractures that cut across and within quartz grains and have blue-green, green, and yellow-green fluorescence colours. Second, the peak wavelengths, Q F535 , and Q 650/500 of the micro-beam fluorescence spectra indicate three charging episodes of tight oil. According to the burial and geothermal histories, the charging timing were 142–110 Ma, 128–122 Ma and 114–106 Ma, which correspond to the Early Cretaceous. The timing approximately match the main generation and expulsion timing (140–110 Ma) of the Chang 7 source rocks. Third, the pressure differences between the source rocks and reservoir rocks, whose lower limit was 3.97 MPa, served as the primary expulsion and charging forces for crude oil during the charging periods and guaranteed the occurrence of non-buoyancy migration and accumulation.

Background Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) in a newborn is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with life-threatening complications, requiring early diagnostics and treatment to prevent severe dehydration and infant mortality. SLC26A3 rs386833481 (c.392C>G; p.P131R) gene polymorphism is an important genetic determinant of CCD. Here, we report the influence of the non-synonymous SLC26A3 variant rs386833481 gene polymorphism on the function of the epithelial barrier and the potential mechanisms of these effects. Results We found that P131R-SLC26A3 increased dysfunction of the epithelial barrier compared with wild type SLC26A3 in human colonic Caco-2 and mouse colonic CMT-93 cells. When P131R-SLC26A3 was subsequently reverted to wild type, the epithelial barrier function was restored similar to wild type cells. Further study demonstrated that variant P131R-SLC26A3 disrupts function of epithelial barrier through two distinct molecular mechanisms: (a) decreasing SLC26A3 expression through a ubiquitination pathway and (b) disrupting a key interaction with its partner ZO-1/CFTR, thereby increasing the epithelial permeability. Conclusion Our study provides an important insight of SLC26A3 SNPs in the regulation of the epithelial permeability and indicates that SLC26A3 rs386833481 is likely a causative mutation in the dysfunction of epithelial barrier of CCD, and correction of this SNP or increasing SLC26A3 function could be therapeutically beneficial for chronic diarrhea diseases.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic responsible for more than half of acute liver failure cases. Identification of previously unknown genetic risk factors would provide mechanistic insights and novel therapeutic targets for APAP-induced liver injury. This study used a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen to evaluate genes that are protective against, or cause susceptibility to, APAP-induced liver injury. HuH7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells containing CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockouts were treated with 15 mM APAP for 30 minutes to 4 days. A gene expression profile was developed based on the 1) top screening hits, 2) overlap of expression data from APAP overdose studies, and 3) predicted affected biological pathways. We further demonstrated the implementation of intermediate time points for the identification of early and late response genes. This study illustrated the power of a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen to systematically identify novel genes involved in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and to provide potential targets to develop novel therapeutic modalities.

Clustering analysis is an important method of multivariate statistical analysis. It has important applications in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, automatic control and other fields. An iterative algorithm called uncertain means clustering is defined by analyzing the contribution of the features to the sample and calculating the degree of membership based on the weight. In this paper, we use the uncertain means clustering algorithm to cluster IRIS data to test the clustering accuracy, convergence speed and robustness of the algorithm. At the same time, compared with the traditional clustering algorithm, which K-Means clustering algorithm and KNN clustering algorithm, the experimental results show that the uncertain means clustering algorithm has good performance in the accuracy and convergence speed of the sample data sets, and is an effective unsupervised clustering algorithm.

With the continuous development of China’s economy, people’s quality of life is constantly improving. As a matter of course, more and more attention is paid to home design. In particular, the space design of small apartments is welcomed by everyone. Among them, soft cloth decoration is a very popular form of home design now, which is very suitable for the design and use of small apartment. But the diversity of small family space brings difficulties to the design. The design and calculation of the simple home space in the small apartment with the RANSAC algorithm is fully satisfied with the requirements of the use of the algorithm and can achieve the accuracy of our calculation and facilitate communication with customers. The RANSAC algorithm has the powerful ability of image processing, which can help us to establish the visualization research of space design.