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1. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

James, SL, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Liu, Z, S Roberts, NL, Sylte, DO, Henry, NJ, LeGrand, KE, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abedi, A, Abosetugn, AE, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, R, Ahmed, MB, Eddine Aichour, MT, Alahdab, F, Alamene, GM, Alanezi, FM, Alebel, A, Alema, NM, Alghnam, SA, Al-Hajj, S, Ali, BA, Ali, S, Alikhani, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Altirkawi, K, Abdeldayem Amer, YS, Amini, S, Loreche Amit, AM, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, T Antonio, CA, Yaw Appiah, SC, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ariani, F, Arora, A, Asaad, M, Asghari, B, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, AD, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barrero, LH, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Baye, BA, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Belete, H, Benjet, C, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, K, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, AG, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, MS, Borges, G, Borzì, AM, Boufous, S, Brazinova, A, Briko, NI, Budhathoki, SS, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chanie, WF, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, DY, Kabir Chowdhury, MA, Chu, D-T, Colquhoun, SM, Constantin, M-M, Costa, VM, Damiani, G, Daryani, A, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Demsie, DG, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, MD, da Silva, DD, Dibaji Forooshani, ZS, Doyle, KE, Driscoll, TR, Dubljanin, E, Adema, BD, Eagan, AW, Eftekhari, A, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Sayed Zaki, ME, Elemineh, DA, El-Jaafary, SI, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, CL, Emamian, MH, Endalew, DA, Eskandarieh, S, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatahi, Y, Fekadu, W, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Feyissa, GT, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Francis, JM, Franklin, RC, Fukumoto, T, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebre, AK, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremichael, B, Gedefaw, GA, Geta, B, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gill, TK, Goulart, AC, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Mohialdeen Gubari, MI, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, HH, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Haro, JM, Hasan, MM, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, R, Hayat, K, Hendrie, D, Heydarpour, F, Híjar, M, Ho, HC, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, I, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Indriasih, E, Naghibi Irvani, SS, Shariful Islam, SM, Islam, MM, Ivers, RQ, Jacobsen, KH, Jahani, MA, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jayaraman, S, Jayatilleke, AU, Jha, RP, John-Akinola, YO, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jungari, SB, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamil, TA, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassaye, HG, Kavetskyy, T, Kebede, HK, Keiyoro, PN, Kelbore, AG, Kelkay, B, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khalid, N, Khalil, IA, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, EA, Khan, M, Khanna, T, Khazaie, H, Shadmani, FK, Khundkar, R, Kiirithio, DN, Kim, Y-E, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Komaki, H, M Kondlahalli, SK, Korshunov, VA, Koyanagi, A, G Kraemer, MU, Krishan, K, Bicer, BK, Kugbey, N, Kumar, V, Kumar, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumaresh, G, Kurmi, OP, Kuti, O, Vecchia, CL, Lami, FH, Lamichhane, P, Lang, JJ, Lansingh, VC, Laryea, DO, Lasrado, S, Latifi, A, Lauriola, P, Leasher, JL, Huey Lee, SW, Lenjebo, TL, Levi, M, Li, S, Linn, S, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Madadin, M, El Razek, MMA, Mahotra, NB, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malagon-Rojas, JN, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Manda, A-L, Manjunatha, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Maravilla, JC, March, LM, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Massenburg, BB, Maulik, PK, Meles, GG, Melese, A, Melketsedik, ZA, N Memiah, PT, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, MB, Mengesha, MM, Meretoja, TJ, Meretoja, A, Merie, HE, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, KA, Darwesh, AM, Gholi Mezerji, NM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, JA, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Morawska, L, Velásquez, IM, Morisaki, N, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Muluneh, AG, Murthy, S, Musa, KI, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, AF, Nagarajan, AJ, Naik, G, Naimzada, MD, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Naserbakht, M, Nayak, V, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Thi Nguyen, HL, Nikbakhsh, R, Anggraini Ningrum, DN, Nnaji, CA, Nyasulu, PS, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Okunga, EW, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Asante, KO, Orpana, HM, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, A, MP, Padubidri, JR, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-K, Patel, SK, Pathak, A, Pati, S, Patton, GC, Paulos, K, Peden, AE, Filipino Pepito, VC, Pereira, J, Pham, HQ, Phillips, MR, Pinheiro, M, Polibin, RV, Polinder, S, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Angga Pribadi, DR, Puri, P, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, S, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MA, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Ranganathan, K, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, N Renzaho, AM, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, AI, Rickard, J, Rios González, CM, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Saad, AM, Sabde, YD, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safari, S, Safari-Faramani, R, Safarpour, H, Safdarian, M, Sajadi, SM, Salamati, P, Salehi, F, Zahabi, SS, Rashad Salem, MR, Salem, H, Salman, O, Salz, I, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Riera, LS, Santric Milicevic, MM, Sarker, AR, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Sawyer, SM, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Schwebel, DC, Seedat, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Seyedmousavi, S, Sha, F, Shaahmadi, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Sharifi, H, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Singh, PK, Singh, JA, Sinha, DN, Smarandache, C-G, R Smith, EU, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltanian, AR, Soriano, JB, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sufiyan, MB, Rasul Suleria, HA, Sykes, BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, DB, Tamiru, AT, Tarigan, IU, Tefera, YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekle, MG, Tekulu, GH, Tesema, AK, Tesfay, BE, Thapar, R, Tilahune, AB, Tlaye, KG, Tohidinik, HR, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Tran, KB, Tripathy, JP, Tsai, AC, Car, LT, Ullah, S, Ullah, I, Umar, M, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uthman, OA, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Waheed, Y, Weldesamuel, GT, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wolde, HF, Woldeyes, DH, Wondafrash, DZ, Wondmeneh, TG, Wondmieneh, AB, Wu, A-M, Yadav, R, Yadollahpour, A, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Youm, Y, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yu, Y, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, SB, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarei, A, Zare, F, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Zodpey, S, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Degenhardt, L, Dharmaratne, SD, Hay, SI, Mokdad, AH, Reiner, RC, Sartorius, B, and Vos, T

Subjects
Life Expectancy, Incidence, burden of disease, descriptive epidemiology, global, Humans, Wounds and Injuries, Public Health, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Morbidity, Global Health, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology, Global Burden of Disease
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.; METHODS: We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).; FINDINGS: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100000. In 1990, there were 354064302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338174876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505).; INTERPRETATION: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

Published
2020

2. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Author

James, SL, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Liu, Z, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Bertolacci, GJ, Cunningham, M, Henry, NJ, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chapman, JR, Chattu, VK, Chattu, SK, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, DY, Choi, J-YJ, LeGrand, KE, Kabir Chowdhury, MA, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Cicuttini, FM, Coelho, JM, Costa, VM, Dahlawi, SMA, Daryani, A, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Leo, DD, Abdelalim, A, Demeke, FM, Demoz, GT, Demsie, DG, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, MD, Silva, DDD, Dibaji Forooshani, ZS, Do, HT, Doyle, KE, Abdollahpour, I, Driscoll, TR, Dubljanin, E, Adema, BD, Eagan, AW, Elemineh, DA, El-Jaafary, SI, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, CL, Zaki, MES, Eskandarieh, S, Abdulkader, RS, Eyawo, O, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Abedi, A, Foroutan, M, Francis, JM, Franklin, RC, Fukumoto, T, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebremariam, H, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, LG, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremichael, B, Abegaz, KH, Gedefaw, GA, Geta, B, Getenet, AB, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Gheshlagh, RG, Gholamian, A, Gilani, SA, Gill, TK, Goudarzian, AH, Abosetugn, AE, Goulart, AC, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Abushouk, AI, Handiso, DW, Haro, JM, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, R, Hendrie, D, Heydarpour, F, Adebayo, OM, Híjar, M, Ho, HC, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Ibitoye, SE, Adsuar, JC, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Naghibi Irvani, SS, Mofizul Islam, M, Shariful Islam, SM, Ivers, RQ, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jayaraman, S, Advani, SM, Jayatilleke, AU, Jha, RP, John-Akinola, YO, Jonas, JB, Jones, KM, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jungari, SB, Jürisson, M, Agudelo-Botero, M, Kabir, A, Kahsay, A, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamil, TA, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassaye, HG, Ahmad, T, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, GA, Keiyoro, PN, Kelbore, AG, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khalid, N, Khalil, IA, Khalilov, R, Khan, M, Ahmed, MB, Khan, EA, Khan, J, Khanna, T, Khazaei, S, Khazaie, H, Khundkar, R, Kiirithio, DN, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kim, D, Ahmed, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Komaki, H, Kondlahalli, SKM, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, VA, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, MUG, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Eddine Aichour, MT, Bicer, BK, Kugbey, N, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kumar, V, Kumaresh, G, Lami, FH, Lansingh, VC, Lasrado, S, Alahdab, F, Latifi, A, Lauriola, P, Vecchia, CL, Leasher, JL, Huey Lee, SW, Li, S, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lotufo, PA, Lyons, RA, Alanezi, FM, Machado, DB, Madadin, M, Abd El Razek, MM, Mahotra, NB, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Malta, DC, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Alema, NM, Manda, A-L, Manjunatha, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Maravilla, JC, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Massenburg, BB, Maulik, PK, Mehndiratta, MM, Alemu, BW, Melketsedik, ZA, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, MM, Meretoja, TJ, Meretoja, A, Merie, HE, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Alghnam, SA, Miazgowski, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Ali, BA, Mohammad, Y, Darwesh, AM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, JA, Mohebi, F, Mohseni Bandpei, MA, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Ali, S, Moodley, Y, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Velásquez, IM, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Muluneh, AG, Alinia, C, Musa, KI, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Naik, G, Naimzada, MD, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Naserbakht, M, Alipour, V, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, TH, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, DN, Thi Nguyen, HL, Nikbakhsh, R, Aljunid, SM, Anggraini Ningrum, DN, Nnaji, CA, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Orpana, HM, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, P A, M, Padubidri, JR, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-K, Almasri, NA, Patel, SK, Pathak, A, Pati, S, Paulos, K, Peden, AE, Filipino Pepito, VC, Pereira, J, Phillips, MR, Polibin, RV, Polinder, S, Altirkawi, K, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Angga Pribadi, DR, Puri, P, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Abdeldayem Amer, YS, Rafay, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, S, Rahman, MA, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Rao, SJ, Andrei, CL, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, AI, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Rickard, J, Rios González, CM, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Saddik, B, Safarpour, H, Safdarian, M, Mohammad Sajadi, S, Salamati, P, T Antonio, CA, Rashad Salem, MR, Salem, H, Salz, I, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Riera, LS, Santric Milicevic, MM, Sarker, AR, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Anvari, D, Sawhney, M, Sayyah, M, Schwebel, DC, Seedat, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Sha, F, Shaahmadi, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Yaw Appiah, SC, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Singh, JA, Singh, PK, Sinha, DN, Arabloo, J, Soheili, A, Soriano, JB, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Stokes, MA, Sufiyan, MB, Sykes, BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Taddele, BW, Arab-Zozani, M, Tefera, YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekulu, GH, Tesema Tesema, AK, Tesfay, BE, Thapar, R, Titova, MV, Tlaye, KG, Tohidinik, HR, Topor-Madry, R, Arefi, Z, Tran, KB, Tran, BX, Tripathy, JP, Tsai, AC, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Aremu, O, Uthman, OA, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wiangkham, T, Ariani, F, Wolde, HF, Woldeyes, DH, Wondmeneh, TG, Wondmieneh, AB, Wu, A-M, Wyper, GMA, Yadav, R, Yadollahpour, A, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Arora, A, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Ye, P, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Youm, Y, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Asaad, M, Yu, Y, Moghadam, TZ, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, SB, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zarei, F, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Zodpey, S, Dandona, R, Dharmaratne, SD, Hay, SI, Mokdad, AH, Pigott, DM, Reiner, RC, Vos, T, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Belete, H, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, K, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, AG, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, ZA, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Borges, G, Borschmann, R, Borzì, AM, Boufous, S, Braithwaite, D, Briko, NI, Brugha, T, Budhathoki, SS, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, James, SL, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Liu, Z, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Bertolacci, GJ, Cunningham, M, Henry, NJ, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chapman, JR, Chattu, VK, Chattu, SK, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, DY, Choi, J-YJ, LeGrand, KE, Kabir Chowdhury, MA, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Cicuttini, FM, Coelho, JM, Costa, VM, Dahlawi, SMA, Daryani, A, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Leo, DD, Abdelalim, A, Demeke, FM, Demoz, GT, Demsie, DG, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, MD, Silva, DDD, Dibaji Forooshani, ZS, Do, HT, Doyle, KE, Abdollahpour, I, Driscoll, TR, Dubljanin, E, Adema, BD, Eagan, AW, Elemineh, DA, El-Jaafary, SI, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, CL, Zaki, MES, Eskandarieh, S, Abdulkader, RS, Eyawo, O, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Abedi, A, Foroutan, M, Francis, JM, Franklin, RC, Fukumoto, T, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebremariam, H, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, LG, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremichael, B, Abegaz, KH, Gedefaw, GA, Geta, B, Getenet, AB, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Gheshlagh, RG, Gholamian, A, Gilani, SA, Gill, TK, Goudarzian, AH, Abosetugn, AE, Goulart, AC, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Abushouk, AI, Handiso, DW, Haro, JM, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, R, Hendrie, D, Heydarpour, F, Adebayo, OM, Híjar, M, Ho, HC, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Ibitoye, SE, Adsuar, JC, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Naghibi Irvani, SS, Mofizul Islam, M, Shariful Islam, SM, Ivers, RQ, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jayaraman, S, Advani, SM, Jayatilleke, AU, Jha, RP, John-Akinola, YO, Jonas, JB, Jones, KM, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jungari, SB, Jürisson, M, Agudelo-Botero, M, Kabir, A, Kahsay, A, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamil, TA, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassaye, HG, Ahmad, T, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, GA, Keiyoro, PN, Kelbore, AG, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khalid, N, Khalil, IA, Khalilov, R, Khan, M, Ahmed, MB, Khan, EA, Khan, J, Khanna, T, Khazaei, S, Khazaie, H, Khundkar, R, Kiirithio, DN, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kim, D, Ahmed, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Komaki, H, Kondlahalli, SKM, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, VA, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, MUG, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Eddine Aichour, MT, Bicer, BK, Kugbey, N, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kumar, V, Kumaresh, G, Lami, FH, Lansingh, VC, Lasrado, S, Alahdab, F, Latifi, A, Lauriola, P, Vecchia, CL, Leasher, JL, Huey Lee, SW, Li, S, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lotufo, PA, Lyons, RA, Alanezi, FM, Machado, DB, Madadin, M, Abd El Razek, MM, Mahotra, NB, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Malta, DC, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Alema, NM, Manda, A-L, Manjunatha, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Maravilla, JC, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Massenburg, BB, Maulik, PK, Mehndiratta, MM, Alemu, BW, Melketsedik, ZA, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, MM, Meretoja, TJ, Meretoja, A, Merie, HE, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Alghnam, SA, Miazgowski, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Ali, BA, Mohammad, Y, Darwesh, AM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, JA, Mohebi, F, Mohseni Bandpei, MA, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Ali, S, Moodley, Y, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Velásquez, IM, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Muluneh, AG, Alinia, C, Musa, KI, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Naik, G, Naimzada, MD, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Naserbakht, M, Alipour, V, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, TH, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, DN, Thi Nguyen, HL, Nikbakhsh, R, Aljunid, SM, Anggraini Ningrum, DN, Nnaji, CA, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Orpana, HM, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, P A, M, Padubidri, JR, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-K, Almasri, NA, Patel, SK, Pathak, A, Pati, S, Paulos, K, Peden, AE, Filipino Pepito, VC, Pereira, J, Phillips, MR, Polibin, RV, Polinder, S, Altirkawi, K, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Angga Pribadi, DR, Puri, P, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Abdeldayem Amer, YS, Rafay, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, S, Rahman, MA, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Rao, SJ, Andrei, CL, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, AI, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Rickard, J, Rios González, CM, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Saddik, B, Safarpour, H, Safdarian, M, Mohammad Sajadi, S, Salamati, P, T Antonio, CA, Rashad Salem, MR, Salem, H, Salz, I, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Riera, LS, Santric Milicevic, MM, Sarker, AR, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Anvari, D, Sawhney, M, Sayyah, M, Schwebel, DC, Seedat, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Sha, F, Shaahmadi, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Yaw Appiah, SC, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Singh, JA, Singh, PK, Sinha, DN, Arabloo, J, Soheili, A, Soriano, JB, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Stokes, MA, Sufiyan, MB, Sykes, BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Taddele, BW, Arab-Zozani, M, Tefera, YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekulu, GH, Tesema Tesema, AK, Tesfay, BE, Thapar, R, Titova, MV, Tlaye, KG, Tohidinik, HR, Topor-Madry, R, Arefi, Z, Tran, KB, Tran, BX, Tripathy, JP, Tsai, AC, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Aremu, O, Uthman, OA, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wiangkham, T, Ariani, F, Wolde, HF, Woldeyes, DH, Wondmeneh, TG, Wondmieneh, AB, Wu, A-M, Wyper, GMA, Yadav, R, Yadollahpour, A, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Arora, A, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Ye, P, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Youm, Y, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Asaad, M, Yu, Y, Moghadam, TZ, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, SB, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zarei, F, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Zodpey, S, Dandona, R, Dharmaratne, SD, Hay, SI, Mokdad, AH, Pigott, DM, Reiner, RC, Vos, T, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Belete, H, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, K, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, AG, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, ZA, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Borges, G, Borschmann, R, Borzì, AM, Boufous, S, Braithwaite, D, Briko, NI, Brugha, T, Budhathoki, SS, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, and Castelpietra, G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. METHODS: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. RESULTS: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.

Published
2020

3. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Feigin, VL, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Abyu, GY, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akinyemi, RO, Alabed, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ansari, H, Anwari, P, Arnlov, J, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Atey, TM, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Azarpazhooh, MR, Barac, A, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, SL, Baernighausen, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Betsu, BD, Bhaumik, S, Birlik, SM, Biryukov, S, Boneya, DJ, Bulto, LN, Carabin, H, Casey, D, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catala-Lopez, F, Chen, H, Chitheer, AA, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, deVeber, GA, Dharmaratne, SD, Do, HP, Dokova, K, Dorsey, ER, Ellenbogen, RG, Eskandarieh, S, Farvid, MS, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Foreman, KJ, Geleijnse, JM, Gillum, RF, Giussani, G, Goldberg, EM, Gona, PN, Goulart, AC, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, M, Hankey, GJ, Hareri, HA, Havmoeller, R, Hay, SI, Heydarpour, P, Hotez, PJ, Jakovljevic, MMB, Javanbakht, M, Jeemon, P, Jonas, JB, Kalkonde, Y, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasaeian, A, Kastor, A, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khang, Y-H, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kulkarni, C, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kivimaki, M, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, RV, Defo, BK, Kumar, GA, Kumar, R, Kyu, HH, Larsson, A, Lavados, PM, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liben, ML, Lo, WD, Logroscino, G, Lotufo, PA, Loy, CT, Mackay, MT, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manhertz, T, Mantovani, LG, Massano, J, Mazidi, M, McAlinden, C, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mishra, SR, Ibrahim, NM, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, KE, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Velasquez, IM, Musa, KI, Naghavi, M, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, QL, Nguyen, TH, Nichols, E, Ningrum, DN, Nong, VM, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJN, Ogbo, FA, Owolabi, MO, Pandian, JD, Parmar, PG, Pereira, DM, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Piradov, MA, Poulton, RG, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rahman, M, Rahman, MH, Rai, RK, Rajsic, S, Ranta, A, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, AMN, Rezai, MS, Roth, GA, Roshandel, G, Rubagotti, E, Sachdev, P, Safiri, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Santalucia, P, Santos, IS, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saylan, MI, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shakir, R, Shamsizadeh, M, Sheth, KN, Shigematsu, M, Shoman, H, Silva, DA, Smith, M, Sobngwi, E, Sposato, LA, Stanaway, JD, Stein, DJ, Steiner, TJ, Stovner, LJ, Abdulkader, RS, Szoeke, CEI, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tanne, D, Theadom, AM, Thrift, AG, Tirschwell, DL, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Truelsen, T, Tuem, KB, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, Varakin, YY, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, VV, Wadilo, F, Wakayo, T, Wallin, MT, Weiderpass, E, Westerman, R, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, CS, Woldu, MA, Wolfe, CDA, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yano, Y, Yimam, HH, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, MES, Zunt, JR, Murray, CJL, Vos, T, Disorders, GBDN, Feigin, V, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, A, Abera, S, Abyu, G, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemi, R, Alabed, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Ansari, H, Anwari, P, Ärnlöv, J, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Avila-Burgos, L, Frinel, E, Avokpaho, G, Barac, A, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Betsu, B, Bhaumik, S, Birlik, S, Biryukov, S, Boneya, D, Bulto, L, Carabin, H, Casey, D, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Catalá-López, F, Chen, H, Chitheer, A, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Veber, G, Dharmaratne, S, Do, H, Dokova, K, Dorsey, E, Ellenbogen, R, Eskandarieh, S, Farvid, M, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fischer, F, Foreman, K, Geleijnse, J, Gillum, R, Giussani, G, Gona, P, Goulart, A, Gugnani, H, Gupta, R, Hamadeh, R, Hambisa, M, Hankey, G, Hareri, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Heydarpour, P, Hotez, P, Jakovljevic, M, Javanbakht, M, Jeemon, P, Jonas, J, Kalkonde, Y, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasaeian, A, Kastor, A, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Tawfih, A, Khoja, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kivimaki, M, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, R, Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, R, Kyu, H, Larsson, A, Lavados, P, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liben, M, Lo, W, Logroscino, G, Lotufo, P, Loy, C, Mackay, M, El Razek, H, El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manhertz, T, Mantovani, L, Massano, J, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengistie, M, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, H, Miller, T, Mishra, S, Ibrahim, N, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, K, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Velasquez, I, Musa, K, Naghavi, M, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, G, Le Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nong, V, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Ogbo, F, Owolabi, M, Pandian, J, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Poulton, R, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ranta, A, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, A, Rezai, M, Roshandel, G, Rubagotti, E, Sachdev, P, Safiri, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, M, Samy, A, Santalucia, P, Santos, I, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Sepanlou, S, Shaikh, M, Shakir, R, Shamsizadeh, M, Sheth, K, Shigematsu, M, Shoman, H, Silva, D, Smith, M, Sobngwi, E, Sposato, L, Stein, D, Steiner, T, Stovner, L, Abdulkader, R, EI Szoeke, C, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tanne, D, Theadom, A, Thrift, A, Tirschwell, D, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, B, Truelsen, T, Tuem, K, Ukwaja, K, Uthman, O, Varakin, Y, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Wadilo, F, Wakayo, T, Wallin, M, Weiderpass, E, Westerman, R, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Woldu, M, Wolfe, C, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yano, Y, Yimam, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zunt, J, Murray, C, and Vos, T

Subjects
Cost of Illness, Nutrition and Disease, GBD, Voeding en Ziekte, Humans, Life Science, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Nervous System Diseases, Global Health, Article, Global Burden of Disease, VLAG
Abstract

Background Comparable data on the global and country-specific burden of neurological disorders and their trends are\ud crucial for health-care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors\ud (GBD) Study provides such information but does not routinely aggregate results that are of interest to clinicians\ud specialising in neurological conditions. In this systematic analysis, we quantified the global disease burden due to\ud neurological disorders in 2015 and its relationship with country development level.\ud \ud Methods We estimated global and country-specific prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years\ud of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) for various neurological disorders that in the GBD classification\ud have been previously spread across multiple disease groupings. The more inclusive grouping of neurological\ud disorders included stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, tetanus, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s\ud disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, migraine, tension-type headache, medication overuse\ud headache, brain and nervous system cancers, and a residual category of other neurological disorders. We also analysed\ud results based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a compound measure of income per capita, education, and\ud fertility, to identify patterns associated with development and how countries fare against expected outcomes relative\ud to their level of development.\ud \ud Findings Neurological disorders ranked as the leading cause group of DALYs in 2015 (250·7 [95% uncertainty interval\ud (UI) 229·1 to 274·7] million, comprising 10·2% of global DALYs) and the second-leading cause group of deaths (9·4\ud [9·1 to 9·7] million], comprising 16·8% of global deaths). The most prevalent neurological disorders were tensiontype\ud headache (1505·9 [UI 1337·3 to 1681·6 million cases]), migraine (958·8 [872·1 to 1055·6] million), medication\ud overuse headache (58·5 [50·8 to 67·4 million]), and Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (46·0\ud [40·2 to 52·7 million]). Between 1990 and 2015, the number of deaths from neurological disorders increased by\ud 36·7%, and the number of DALYs by 7·4%. These increases occurred despite decreases in age-standardised rates of\ud death and DALYs of 26·1% and 29·7%, respectively; stroke and communicable neurological disorders were\ud responsible for most of these decreases. Communicable neurological disorders were the largest cause of DALYs in\ud countries with low SDI. Stroke rates were highest at middle levels of SDI and lowest at the highest SDI. Most of the\ud changes in DALY rates of neurological disorders with development were driven by changes in YLLs.\ud \ud Interpretation Neurological disorders are an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Globally, the burden\ud of neurological disorders has increased substantially over the past 25 years because of expanding population numbers\ud and ageing, despite substantial decreases in mortality rates from stroke and communicable neurological disorders.\ud The number of patients who will need care by clinicians with expertise in neurological conditions will continue to\ud grow in coming decades. Policy makers and health-care providers should be aware of these trends to provide adequate\ud services.\ud \ud Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2017

4. Artificial Intelligence Approach for Severe Dengue Early Warning System.

Author

Anggraini Ningrum DN, Li YJ, Hsu CY, Solihuddin Muhtar M, and Pandu Suhito H

Subjects
Child, Humans, Administrative Personnel, Area Under Curve, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Severe Dengue
Abstract

Dengue fever is a viral infectious disease transmitted through mosquito bites, and has symptoms ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to deadly complications. Dengue fever is one of the global burden diseases which annually have 50-100 million cases with 500,000 cases of severe dengue fever, of which 22,000 deaths occur mostly in children. Despite the discovery of vaccines, vector control is still the main approach for prevention efforts. Early detection and accessibility to medical care can reduce severe Dengue mortality rate from 50% to 2%. In the previous study, both statistical and machine learning methods have the potential for predicting a Dengue outbreak, but the study is still fragmented and limited on implementing the generated model into an early warning system application. In this study, we developed an artificial intelligence model with spatiotemporal to predict Dengue outbreak and Dengue incidence case which is ready to be implemented into an early warning system application. Indonesia, especially Semarang City, has experienced an endemic Dengue. We used Semarang City spatiotemporal, meteorological, climatological, and Dengue surveillance epidemiology data from January 2014 to December 2021 in 16 districts of Semarang City. We reviewed 7208 samples from 16 districts and 1 city per week during 8 years. The entire dataset was divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) to develop a prediction model. We used machine learning and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) to predict Dengue outbreak 1 week before the event for each district. and machine learning to predict Dengue incident cases 1 week before the event for each district. Accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), precision, recall, and F1 score were considered to evaluate the Dengue outbreak prediction model. The Dengue incidence cases prediction model will evaluate using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R-Squared (R2). Extra Trees Classifier model shown outperform in Dengue outbreak prediction, with accuracy 0.8925, AUROC 0. 9529, Recall 0.6117, precision 0.8880, and F1 score 0.7238. CatBoost Regressor model is shown to outperform in Dengue incidence cases prediction, with R2 0.5621, MAE 0.6304, MSE 1.1997, and RMSE 1.0891. The study proves that Artificial Intelligence (AI) with a spatiotemporal approach can give higher performance in Dengue outbreak and incidence cases prediction. Utilization of AI approaches that are sensitive with spatiotemporal feasibility to implement in Dengue early warning system application may contribute to increase the policy makers and community attention to do accurate community-based vector control.

Published
2024
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5. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Author

James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, Fox JT, Hamilton EB, Liu Z, Roberts NLS, Sylte DO, Bertolacci GJ, Cunningham M, Henry NJ, LeGrand KE, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulkader RS, Abedi A, Abegaz KH, Abosetugn AE, Abushouk AI, Adebayo OM, Adsuar JC, Advani SM, Agudelo-Botero M, Ahmad T, Ahmed MB, Ahmed R, Eddine Aichour MT, Alahdab F, Alanezi FM, Alema NM, Alemu BW, Alghnam SA, Ali BA, Ali S, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Altirkawi K, Abdeldayem Amer YS, Andrei CL, Ansari-Moghaddam A, T Antonio CA, Anvari D, Yaw Appiah SC, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Arefi Z, Aremu O, Ariani F, Arora A, Asaad M, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Azarian G, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Baig AA, Bairwa M, Bakhtiari A, Balachandran A, Banach M, Banerjee SK, Banik PC, Banstola A, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barzegar A, Bayati M, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Belete H, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AG, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bibi S, Bijani A, Boloor A, Borges G, Borschmann R, Borzì AM, Boufous S, Braithwaite D, Briko NI, Brugha T, Budhathoki SS, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chapman JR, Chattu VK, Chattu SK, Chatziralli I, Chaudhary N, Cho DY, Choi JJ, Kabir Chowdhury MA, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Cicuttini FM, Coelho JM, Costa VM, Dahlawi SMA, Daryani A, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Leo D, Demeke FM, Demoz GT, Demsie DG, Deribe K, Desai R, Nasab MD, Silva DDD, Dibaji Forooshani ZS, Do HT, Doyle KE, Driscoll TR, Dubljanin E, Adema BD, Eagan AW, Elemineh DA, El-Jaafary SI, El-Khatib Z, Ellingsen CL, Zaki MES, Eskandarieh S, Eyawo O, Faris PS, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Fischer F, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Foroutan M, Francis JM, Franklin RC, Fukumoto T, Geberemariyam BS, Gebremariam H, Gebremedhin KB, Gebremeskel LG, Gebremeskel GG, Gebremichael B, Gedefaw GA, Geta B, Getenet AB, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari F, Gheshlagh RG, Gholamian A, Gilani SA, Gill TK, Goudarzian AH, Goulart AC, Grada A, Grivna M, Guimarães RA, Guo Y, Gupta G, Haagsma JA, Hall BJ, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Handiso DW, Haro JM, Hasanzadeh A, Hassan S, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hassen HY, Havmoeller R, Hendrie D, Heydarpour F, Híjar M, Ho HC, Hoang CL, Hole MK, Holla R, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc S, Hu G, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Inbaraj LR, Naghibi Irvani SS, Mofizul Islam M, Shariful Islam SM, Ivers RQ, Jahani MA, Jakovljevic M, Jalilian F, Jayaraman S, Jayatilleke AU, Jha RP, John-Akinola YO, Jonas JB, Jones KM, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jungari SB, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kahsay A, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamil TA, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karami M, Kasaeian A, Kassaye HG, Kavetskyy T, Kayode GA, Keiyoro PN, Kelbore AG, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khalid N, Khalil IA, Khalilov R, Khan M, Khan EA, Khan J, Khanna T, Khazaei S, Khazaie H, Khundkar R, Kiirithio DN, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kim D, Kisa S, Kisa A, Komaki H, Kondlahalli SKM, Koolivand A, Korshunov VA, Koyanagi A, Kraemer MUG, Krishan K, Defo BK, Bicer BK, Kugbey N, Kumar N, Kumar M, Kumar V, Kumar N, Kumaresh G, Lami FH, Lansingh VC, Lasrado S, Latifi A, Lauriola P, Vecchia C, Leasher JL, Huey Lee SW, Li S, Liu X, Lopez AD, Lotufo PA, Lyons RA, Machado DB, Madadin M, Abd El Razek MM, Mahotra NB, Majdan M, Majeed A, Maled V, Malta DC, Manafi N, Manafi A, Manda AL, Manjunatha N, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansournia MA, Maravilla JC, Mason-Jones AJ, Masoumi SZ, Massenburg BB, Maulik PK, Mehndiratta MM, Melketsedik ZA, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha MM, Meretoja TJ, Meretoja A, Merie HE, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller TR, Mini GK, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Mithra P, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad Y, Darwesh AM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mohammed JA, Mohebi F, Mohseni Bandpei MA, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moradi M, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Morawska L, Velásquez IM, Morrison SD, Mossie TB, Muluneh AG, Musa KI, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Naik G, Naimzada MD, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nascimento BR, Naserbakht M, Nayak V, Nazari J, Ndwandwe DE, Negoi I, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen TH, Nguyen CT, Nguyen DN, Thi Nguyen HL, Nikbakhsh R, Anggraini Ningrum DN, Nnaji CA, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo FA, Oghenetega OB, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Bali AO, Onwujekwe OE, Orpana HM, Ota E, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pakshir K, Panda-Jonas S, Park EK, Patel SK, Pathak A, Pati S, Paulos K, Peden AE, Filipino Pepito VC, Pereira J, Phillips MR, Polibin RV, Polinder S, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Prakash S, Angga Pribadi DR, Puri P, Syed ZQ, Rabiee N, Rabiee M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi S, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajati F, Rakovac I, Rao SJ, Rashedi V, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Renjith V, Resnikoff S, Rezapour A, Ribeiro AI, Rickard J, Rios González CM, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Saddik B, Safarpour H, Safdarian M, Mohammad Sajadi S, Salamati P, Rashad Salem MR, Salem H, Salz I, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Riera LS, Santric Milicevic MM, Sarker AR, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Sayyah M, Schwebel DC, Seedat S, Senthilkumaran S, Seyedmousavi S, Sha F, Shaahmadi F, Shahabi S, Shaikh MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Sheikh A, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Singh JA, Singh PK, Sinha DN, Soheili A, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Stokes MA, Sufiyan MB, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Taddele BW, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekulu GH, Tesema Tesema AK, Tesfay BE, Thapar R, Titova MV, Tlaye KG, Tohidinik HR, Topor-Madry R, Tran KB, Tran BX, Tripathy JP, Tsai AC, Tsatsakis A, Car LT, Ullah I, Ullah S, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Uthman OA, Valdez PR, Vasankari TJ, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Waheed Y, Wang YP, Wiangkham T, Wolde HF, Woldeyes DH, Wondmeneh TG, Wondmieneh AB, Wu AM, Wyper GMA, Yadav R, Yadollahpour A, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Ye P, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Youm Y, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yu Y, Moghadam TZ, Zaidi Z, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zarei F, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Y, Ziapour A, Zodpey S, Dandona R, Dharmaratne SD, Hay SI, Mokdad AH, Pigott DM, Reiner RC, and Vos T

Subjects
Female, Humans, Incidence, Life Expectancy, Male, Morbidity, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Wounds and Injuries mortality
Abstract

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria., Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced., Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes., Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Dr. James reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work. Dr. Driscoll reports grants from World Health Organisation, during the conduct of the study. Dr Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Dr. Ivers reports grants from National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Jozwiak reports personal fees from TEVA, personal fees from ALAB, personal fees from BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM, personal fees from SYNEXUS, non-financial support from SERVIER, non-financial support from MICROLIFE, non-financial support from MEDICOVER, outside the submitted work. Walter Mendoza is currently Program Analyst Population and Development at the Peru Country Office of the United Nations Population Fund-UNFPA, which does not necessarily endorses this study. Dr. Rakovac reports grants from World Health Organization, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Sheikh reports grants from Health Data Research UK, outside the submitted work. Dr. Singh reports personal fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, UBM LLC, Trio health, Medscape, WebMD, Clinical Care options, Clearview healthcare partners, Putnam associates, Spherix, Practice Point communications, the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology, personal fees from Speaker’s bureau of Simply Speaking. Dr. Singh owns stock options in Amarin pharmaceuticals and Viking pharmaceuticals. Dr. Singh serves on the steering committee of OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arms-length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Singh serves on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. Dr. Singh is a member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Singh is the editor and the Director of the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis, outside the submitted work. Dr. Stein reports personal fees from Lundbeck and Sun, outside the submitted work., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2020
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6. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Author

James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, Fox JT, Hamilton EB, Liu Z, S Roberts NL, Sylte DO, Henry NJ, LeGrand KE, Abdelalim A, Abdoli A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulkader RS, Abedi A, Abosetugn AE, Abushouk AI, Adebayo OM, Agudelo-Botero M, Ahmad T, Ahmed R, Ahmed MB, Eddine Aichour MT, Alahdab F, Alamene GM, Alanezi FM, Alebel A, Alema NM, Alghnam SA, Al-Hajj S, Ali BA, Ali S, Alikhani M, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Altirkawi K, Abdeldayem Amer YS, Amini S, Loreche Amit AM, Andrei CL, Ansari-Moghaddam A, T Antonio CA, Yaw Appiah SC, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Arefi Z, Aremu O, Ariani F, Arora A, Asaad M, Asghari B, Awoke N, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Azari S, Azarian G, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Bagli E, Baig AA, Bairwa M, Bakhtiari A, Balachandran A, Banach M, Banerjee SK, Banik PC, Banstola A, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrero LH, Barzegar A, Bayati M, Baye BA, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Bekuma TT, Belete H, Benjet C, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AG, Bhattacharyya K, Bibi S, Bijani A, Bin Sayeed MS, Borges G, Borzì AM, Boufous S, Brazinova A, Briko NI, Budhathoki SS, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chanie WF, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chatziralli I, Chaudhary N, Cho DY, Kabir Chowdhury MA, Chu DT, Colquhoun SM, Constantin MM, Costa VM, Damiani G, Daryani A, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Demeke FM, Demis AB, Demoz GT, Demsie DG, Derakhshani A, Deribe K, Desai R, Nasab MD, da Silva DD, Dibaji Forooshani ZS, Doyle KE, Driscoll TR, Dubljanin E, Adema BD, Eagan AW, Eftekhari A, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Sayed Zaki ME, Elemineh DA, El-Jaafary SI, El-Khatib Z, Ellingsen CL, Emamian MH, Endalew DA, Eskandarieh S, Faris PS, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fatahi Y, Fekadu W, Ferede TY, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Feyissa GT, Filip I, Fischer F, Folayan MO, Foroutan M, Francis JM, Franklin RC, Fukumoto T, Geberemariyam BS, Gebre AK, Gebremedhin KB, Gebremeskel GG, Gebremichael B, Gedefaw GA, Geta B, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gill TK, Goulart AC, Grada A, Grivna M, Mohialdeen Gubari MI, Guimarães RA, Guo Y, Gupta G, Haagsma JA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Bidgoli HH, Hall BJ, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Haro JM, Hasan MM, Hasanzadeh A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hassen HY, Havmoeller R, Hayat K, Hendrie D, Heydarpour F, Híjar M, Ho HC, Hoang CL, Hole MK, Holla R, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc S, Hu G, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic I, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Indriasih E, Naghibi Irvani SS, Shariful Islam SM, Islam MM, Ivers RQ, Jacobsen KH, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jalilian F, Jayaraman S, Jayatilleke AU, Jha RP, John-Akinola YO, Jonas JB, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jungari SB, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamil TA, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karami M, Kasaeian A, Kassaye HG, Kavetskyy T, Kebede HK, Keiyoro PN, Kelbore AG, Kelkay B, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khalid N, Khalil IA, Khalilov R, Khammarnia M, Khan EA, Khan M, Khanna T, Khazaie H, Shadmani FK, Khundkar R, Kiirithio DN, Kim YE, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Komaki H, M Kondlahalli SK, Korshunov VA, Koyanagi A, G Kraemer MU, Krishan K, Bicer BK, Kugbey N, Kumar V, Kumar N, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumaresh G, Kurmi OP, Kuti O, Vecchia C, Lami FH, Lamichhane P, Lang JJ, Lansingh VC, Laryea DO, Lasrado S, Latifi A, Lauriola P, Leasher JL, Huey Lee SW, Lenjebo TL, Levi M, Li S, Linn S, Liu X, Lopez AD, Lotufo PA, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Madadin M, El Razek MMA, Mahotra NB, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malagon-Rojas JN, Maled V, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Manafi N, Manafi A, Manda AL, Manjunatha N, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Maravilla JC, March LM, Mason-Jones AJ, Masoumi SZ, Massenburg BB, Maulik PK, Meles GG, Melese A, Melketsedik ZA, N Memiah PT, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha MB, Mengesha MM, Meretoja TJ, Meretoja A, Merie HE, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller TR, Mini GK, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Mithra P, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad Y, Mohammad KA, Darwesh AM, Gholi Mezerji NM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mohammed JA, Mohebi F, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moradi M, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradpour F, Morawska L, Velásquez IM, Morisaki N, Morrison SD, Mossie TB, Muluneh AG, Murthy S, Musa KI, Mustafa G, Nabhan AF, Nagarajan AJ, Naik G, Naimzada MD, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nascimento BR, Naserbakht M, Nayak V, Ndwandwe DE, Negoi I, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Thi Nguyen HL, Nikbakhsh R, Anggraini Ningrum DN, Nnaji CA, Nyasulu PS, Ogbo FA, Oghenetega OB, Oh IH, Okunga EW, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Bali AO, Onwujekwe OE, Asante KO, Orpana HM, Ota E, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, A MP, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pakshir K, Panda-Jonas S, Park EK, Patel SK, Pathak A, Pati S, Patton GC, Paulos K, Peden AE, Filipino Pepito VC, Pereira J, Pham HQ, Phillips MR, Pinheiro M, Polibin RV, Polinder S, Poustchi H, Prakash S, Angga Pribadi DR, Puri P, Syed ZQ, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi S, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajati F, Rakovac I, Ranganathan K, Rao SJ, Rashedi V, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Renjith V, N Renzaho AM, Resnikoff S, Rezapour A, Ribeiro AI, Rickard J, Rios González CM, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Saad AM, Sabde YD, Sabour S, Saddik B, Safari S, Safari-Faramani R, Safarpour H, Safdarian M, Sajadi SM, Salamati P, Salehi F, Zahabi SS, Rashad Salem MR, Salem H, Salman O, Salz I, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Riera LS, Santric Milicevic MM, Sarker AR, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Sawyer SM, Saxena S, Sayyah M, Schwebel DC, Seedat S, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Seyedmousavi S, Sha F, Shaahmadi F, Shahabi S, Shaikh MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Sharifi H, Sheikh A, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Singh PK, Singh JA, Sinha DN, Smarandache CG, R Smith EU, Soheili A, Soleymani B, Soltanian AR, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Stein DJ, Stokes MA, Sufiyan MB, Rasul Suleria HA, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Taddele BW, Tadesse DB, Tamiru AT, Tarigan IU, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekle MG, Tekulu GH, Tesema AK, Tesfay BE, Thapar R, Tilahune AB, Tlaye KG, Tohidinik HR, Topor-Madry R, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tripathy JP, Tsai AC, Car LT, Ullah S, Ullah I, Umar M, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Uthman OA, Valdez PR, Vasankari TJ, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Waheed Y, Weldesamuel GT, Werdecker A, Wiangkham T, Wolde HF, Woldeyes DH, Wondafrash DZ, Wondmeneh TG, Wondmieneh AB, Wu AM, Yadav R, Yadollahpour A, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Youm Y, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu Y, Yu C, Yusefzadeh H, Moghadam TZ, Zaidi Z, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zarei A, Zare F, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Dandona L, Dandona R, Degenhardt L, Dharmaratne SD, Hay SI, Mokdad AH, Reiner RC Jr, Sartorius B, and Vos T

Subjects
Humans, Incidence, Life Expectancy, Morbidity, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Wounds and Injuries mortality
Abstract

Background: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries., Methods: We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)., Findings: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505)., Interpretation: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Dr. James reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work. Dr. Driscoll reports grants from World Health Organization, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Ivers reports grants from National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Jozwiak reports personal fees from TEVA, personal fees from ALAB, personal fees from BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM, personal fees from SYNEXUS, non-financial support from SERVIER, non-financial support from MICROLIFE, non-financial support from MEDICOVER, outside the submitted work. Dr. Rakovac reports grants from World Health Organization, during the conduct of the study. Dr Shariful Islam is funded by National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Dr. Sheikh reports grants from Health Data Research UK, outside the submitted work. Dr. Singh reports personal fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, UBM LLC, Trio health, Medscape, WebMD, Clinical Care options, Clearview healthcare partners, Putnam associates, Spherix, Practice Point communications, the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology, and Speaker’s bureau of Simply Speaking, owns stock options in Amarin pharmaceuticals and Viking pharmaceuticals, serves on the steering committee of OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm’s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies, serves on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee, is a member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee, and is the editor and the Director of the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis, outside the submitted work. Dr. Stein reports personal fees from Lundbeck, personal fees from Sun, outside the submitted work. Dr. Degenhardt reports grants from Indivior, Seqirus, Reckitt Benckiser, outside the submitted work., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2020
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7. Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016.

Author

Feigin VL, Nguyen G, Cercy K, Johnson CO, Alam T, Parmar PG, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abd-Allah F, Abejie AN, Abyu GY, Ademi Z, Agarwal G, Ahmed MB, Akinyemi RO, Al-Raddadi R, Aminde LN, Amlie-Lefond C, Ansari H, Asayesh H, Asgedom SW, Atey TM, Ayele HT, Banach M, Banerjee A, Barac A, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen T, Barregard L, Basu S, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Béjot Y, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berhe DF, Boneya DJ, Brainin M, Campos-Nonato IR, Caso V, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Rivas JC, Catalá-López F, Christensen H, Criqui MH, Damasceno A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davletov K, de Courten B, deVeber G, Dokova K, Edessa D, Endres M, Faraon EJA, Farvid MS, Fischer F, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Gall SL, Gebrehiwot TT, Geleijnse JM, Gillum RF, Giroud M, Goulart AC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Hachinski V, Hamadeh RR, Hankey GJ, Hareri HA, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Hegazy MI, Hibstu DT, James SL, Jeemon P, John D, Jonas JB, Jóźwiak J, Kalani R, Kandel A, Kasaeian A, Kengne AP, Khader YS, Khan AR, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kivimaki M, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Kravchenko M, Krishnamurthi R, Kumar GA, Lafranconi A, Lavados PM, Legesse Y, Li Y, Liang X, Lo WD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Loy CT, Mackay MT, Abd El Razek HM, Mahdavi M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Mantovani LG, Martins SCO, Mate KK, Mazidi M, Mehata S, Meier T, Melaku YA, Mendoza W, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Mezgebe HB, Miazgowski T, Miller TR, Ibrahim NM, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Moosazadeh M, Moran AE, Musa KI, Negoi RI, Nguyen M, Nguyen QL, Nguyen TH, Tran TT, Nguyen TT, Anggraini Ningrum DN, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, O’Donnell MJ, Olagunju AT, Onuma OK, Owolabi MO, Parsaeian M, Patton GC, Piradov M, Pletcher MA, Pourmalek F, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rai RK, Ranta A, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Renzaho AM, Robinson SR, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Salomon JA, Santalucia P, Santos IS, Sartorius B, Schutte AE, Sepanlou SG, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh MA, Shamsizadeh M, Sheth KN, Sisay M, Shin MJ, Shiue I, Silva DAS, Sobngwi E, Soljak M, Sorensen RJD, Sposato LA, Stranges S, Suliankatchi RA, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tanne D, Nguyen CT, Thakur JS, Thrift AG, Tirschwell DL, Topor-Madry R, Tran BX, Nguyen LT, Truelsen T, Tsilimparis N, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Uthman OA, Varakin Y, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov VV, Wang W, Werdecker A, Wolfe CDA, Xu G, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zaidi Z, El Sayed Zaki M, Zhou M, Ziaeian B, Zipkin B, Vos T, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, and Roth GA

Subjects
Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Stroke epidemiology
Abstract

Background: The lifetime risk of stroke has been calculated in a limited number of selected populations. We sought to estimate the lifetime risk of stroke at the regional, country, and global level using data from a comprehensive study of the prevalence of major diseases., Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016 estimates of stroke incidence and the competing risks of death from any cause other than stroke to calculate the cumulative lifetime risks of first stroke, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke among adults 25 years of age or older. Estimates of the lifetime risks in the years 1990 and 2016 were compared. Countries were categorized into quintiles of the sociodemographic index (SDI) used in the GBD Study, and the risks were compared across quintiles. Comparisons were made with the use of point estimates and uncertainty intervals representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles around the estimate., Results: The estimated global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was 24.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.5 to 26.2); the risk among men was 24.7% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.3 to 26.0), and the risk among women was 25.1% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.7 to 26.5). The risk of ischemic stroke was 18.3%, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 8.2%. In high-SDI, high-middle-SDI, and low-SDI countries, the estimated lifetime risk of stroke was 23.5%, 31.1% (highest risk), and 13.2% (lowest risk), respectively; the 95% uncertainty intervals did not overlap between these categories. The highest estimated lifetime risks of stroke according to GBD region were in East Asia (38.8%), Central Europe (31.7%), and Eastern Europe (31.6%), and the lowest risk was in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (11.8%). The mean global lifetime risk of stroke increased from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016, a relative increase of 8.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.2 to 11.5); the competing risk of death from any cause other than stroke was considered in this calculation., Conclusions: In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women. There was geographic variation in the lifetime risk of stroke, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).

Published
2018
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8. Adverse outcomes of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Islam MM, Poly TN, Walther BA, Dubey NK, Anggraini Ningrum DN, Shabbir SA, and Jack Li YC

Subjects
Colorectal Neoplasms chemically induced, Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology, Community-Acquired Infections chemically induced, Community-Acquired Infections epidemiology, Hip Fractures chemically induced, Humans, Pneumonia chemically induced, Pneumonia epidemiology, Risk Assessment methods, Proton Pump Inhibitors adverse effects
Abstract

The association between the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risks of various diseases remains controversial. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to quantify the associations as presented in the literature and to also provide this information to healthcare professionals and patients about their potentially adverse effects. In July 2016, we searched through Medline (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception using common keywords. We included observational studies that provided risk estimates on the long-term use of PPIs and their adverse effects. Overall, 43 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 28 studies were also included in the random effect meta-analysis. Odds of community-acquired pneumonia, hip fracture, and colorectal cancer were 67% [odds ratio (OR)=1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.67], 42% (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.33-1.53), and 55% (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 0.88-2.73) higher in patients with long-term PPIs use compared with patients who did not use PPIs. Although the use of PPIs provides short-term health benefits, their prolonged use is associated with minor and also potentially major adverse health outcomes. Hence, we strongly recommend that the prescription of PPIs should be done with caution to improve the medication's efficacy and patients' safety.

Published
2018
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9. Solving Interoperability in Translational Health. Perspectives of Students from the International Partnership in Health Informatics Education (IPHIE) 2016 Master Class.

Author

Turner AM, Facelli JC, Jaspers M, Wetter T, Pfeifer D, Gatewood LC, Adam T, Li YC, Lin MC, Evans RS, Beukenhorst A, van Mens HJT, Tensen E, Bock C, Fendrich L, Seitz P, Suleder J, Aldelkhyyel R, Bridgeman K, Hu Z, Sattler A, Guo SY, Mohaimenul IMM, Anggraini Ningrum DN, Tung HR, Bian J, Plasek JM, Rommel C, Burke J, and Sohih H

Subjects
Humans, Internationality, Medical Informatics education, Students, Medical psychology
Abstract

Background: In the summer of 2016 an international group of biomedical and health informatics faculty and graduate students gathered for the 16th meeting of the International Partnership in Health Informatics Education (IPHIE) masterclass at the University of Utah campus in Salt Lake City, Utah. This international biomedical and health informatics workshop was created to share knowledge and explore issues in biomedical health informatics (BHI)., Objective: The goal of this paper is to summarize the discussions of biomedical and health informatics graduate students who were asked to define interoperability, and make critical observations to gather insight on how to improve biomedical education., Methods: Students were assigned to one of four groups and asked to define interoperability and explore potential solutions to current problems of interoperability in health care., Results: We summarize here the student reports on the importance and possible solutions to the "interoperability problem" in biomedical informatics. Reports are provided from each of the four groups of highly qualified graduate students from leading BHI programs in the US, Europe and Asia., Conclusion: International workshops such as IPHIE provide a unique opportunity for graduate student learning and knowledge sharing. BHI faculty are encouraged to incorporate into their curriculum opportunities to exercise and strengthen student critical thinking to prepare our students for solving health informatics problems in the future.

Published
2017
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