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The purpose of this study was to investigate the vertical marginal discrepancy (VMD) and residual excess cement (REC) of cementable and screwmentable monolithic zirconia crowns cemented with different types of cement. Abutments were attached to 40 implant analogues. Crowns were created using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology from monolithic zirconia blocks, either with or without a screw access hole (SAC). Crowns created both ways were split into two groups and cemented with resin and zinc polycarboxylate cement under a 5-kg weight. VMD and REC values were evaluated using an X20 zoom stereomicroscope. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni test. According to the two-way ANOVA results, REC measurements differed significantly in the crown design and cement groups. However, whilst VMD values were significantly different in both crown design groups, there was no significant difference in the cement groups. According to the Bonferroni test results, the highest REC (157.241 ± 44.29 µm) and VMD (68.052 ± 16.19 µm) values were found in the crowns without SAC and cemented with zinc polycarboxylate. Screwmentable crowns are more effective than cementable crowns in reducing REC and VMD. Whilst polycarboxylate cement reduces VMD in screwmentable crowns, resin cement is more suitable for cementable crowns., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Society of The Nippon Dental University.)

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of monolithic zirconia laminate veneers (MZLV) compared to lithium disilicate laminate veneers (LDLV)., Materials and Methods: Sixty resin replicas, each prepared with depths of 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1 mm, were produced using a 3D printer from acrylic teeth. Laminate veneers of these thicknesses were milled from pre-sintered monolithic zirconia (3rd generation) and lithium disilicate blocks. The intaglio surface of MZLV was treated with air abrasion using 110 μm diameter silica-modified aluminium oxide particles and ceramic primer, while LDLV was etched with etchant gel and treated with the ceramic primer before cementation with resin cement. Vertical marginal discrepancy (VMD) was assessed using a stereomicroscope, and a load-to-failure test was conducted using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were evaluated macroscopically on fractured surfaces. Data were analysed statistically using Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05)., Results: LDLV samples exhibited significantly larger VMD compared to MZLV samples across all thicknesses, especially in cervical, palatal, and mean data. Within the LDLV group, load-to-fracture values for 0.7 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses were similar, whereas for 0.5 mm thickness, it was significantly lower. In the MZLV group, load-to-fracture values were lower for 0.7 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses compared to LDLV, but higher for 0.5 mm thickness., Conclusions: Material choice and restoration thickness significantly influence laminate veneer restorations' success. MZLV generally exhibits superior vertical marginal fit compared to LDLV, with varying load-to-failure values across different thicknesses. Clinical management of debonding in MZLV is simpler compared to restoration fracture in LDLV., Clinical Relevance: Considering clinical factors, MZLV may be a preferable option to LDLV for this restoration with the thickness of 0.5 mm., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes on the optical properties of resin cement., Materials and Methods: One hundred and 60 resin cement discs (6x2mm) were produced from 4 different brands of resin cement (Panavia V5, Estecem II, RelyX Veneer, NX3) with the help of a Teflon mould. The discs were divided into 4 subgroups, 1 of which served as the control group, to be immersed in mouthwashes after measuring the initial L, a, and b values on white and black backgrounds. Colour measurements were repeated after the 1st and 7th days. The collected data were used to calculate the ∆E 00 value to measure colour stability, the translucency parameter (TP 00 ), and the contrast ratio parameter (CR) to compare translucency change. Data were statistically analysed using mixed-design analysis of ANOVA and the Bonferroni-Dunn test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for dependent results (α = 0.05)., Results: On the ∆E 00 , TP 00 , and CR parameters; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times were found to be statistically significant. The ∆E 00 (colour difference) parameter; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times was found to be statistically significant. The TP 00 ; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times were found to be statistically significant. The CR parameter; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times was found to be statistically significant. In the Estecem II (Tokuyama) group, the means of Listerine Cool Mint (Johnson & Johnson) was above acceptable limits in both time periods. In the Panavia V5 (Kuraray Noritake) group, the color change was above acceptable limits in all time periods and in all mouthwash groups. Among the resin materials used, Estecem II (Tokuyama) shows the most color change. Listerine Cool Mint (Johnson & Johnson) caused more color change than other mouthwashes at all times., Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study; the colour stability and translucency value of resin cement depend on both the resin cement content and the mouthwash. Long-term use of mouthwash may adversely affect the optical properties of the resin cement., Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should take into account the fact that mouthwash use and the composition of the resin cement employed will have an impact on the colour of laminate veneers., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Ceramic laminate veneers which are a conservative approach to restoring anterior teeth, combining minimal preparation and esthetics . This study aims to evaluate the impact of the thickness of monolithic zirconia laminate veneers on their optical properties and color perception, comparing them to lithium disilicate. A total of 60 laminate veneers were prepared using two ceramic materials, divided into three groups for each material (n = 10) with thicknesses of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm. CIELab color parameters of the veneers were measured using a spectrophotometer and translucency parameters were calculated. The veneers were cemented onto uniform dies and final L, a, b values of the restorations were measured. The color difference between the different thicknesses was calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni HSD post hoc tests were conducted to compare the color parameters (α = 0.05). The results showed that both material type (p < 0.001) and thickness (p < 0.001) influenced translucency values. The translucency values of zirconia veneers were significantly lower than those of lithium disilicate. The color differences (ΔE00) resulting from thickness changes (0.5-1.0 mm) were near or below the perception threshold for lithium disilicate, but distinct for zirconia restorations. In conclusion, monolithic zirconia veneers demonstrated lower translucency compared to lithium disilicate. Changing the material thickness affected the translucency of both materials, but not the color perception only for zirconia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Objectives: Professionals in the health sector have higher stress than others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress levels of dentists while treating with children under clinical, deep sedation, and general anesthesia., Materials and Methods: Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), pulse value, and O 2 saturations were measured. Saliva samples were taken by the dentists 10 min before the treatment, at the 25th min of the treatment, and 30 min after the treatment under clinical, deep sedation, and general anesthesia. Salivary cortisol was measured by the electrochemiluminescence method. All data were analyzed statistically., Results: Cortisol values under the sedation were higher than clinical and general anesthesia (P < 0.05). As a result of the applied Dentist Job Stress Questionnaire, the stress level of dentists under sedation was higher than the clinical and general anesthesia (P < 0.05). Under sedation, systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured during the procedure were found to be high (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Dentists who care for pediatric patients are more stressed when applying treatment under deep sedation. The results suggest the need for more training and practice to strengthen the education given on general anesthesia/sedation in pediatric dentistry training., Clinical Revelance: To increase the health and treatment quality of the dentists, who spend most of the day with the dental treatment of children, should be taken precautions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To investigate the effects of sodium selenite (Se) and/or α-tocopherol (αT) applications on the alveolar bone loss (ABL), the number of gingival collagen fibers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)+ and CD95+ cell numbers, and serum cytokine concentrations in experimental periodontitis in rats., Materials and Methods: Forty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of ten as follows: group A: Se group, group B: αT group, group C: Se and αT combined group, and group D: control group (intraperitoneal (IP) saline injection applied). Using the image analysis method in the connective tissue under the connective epithelium, the numbers of iNOS, CD95 positive cells, and collagen fibers were counted. ELISA kits were used to test the concentrations of serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-4., Results: The combination of Se and αT (group C) suppressed ABL compared with the control group (group D) (P < 0.05). In group A (Se), the number of iNOS+ cells was smaller than in group D (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Se has been concluded to inhibit inflammation of the gum due to iNOS. Se and αT can have a remarkable important role in preventing alveolar bone loss, and particularly in combination., Clinical Relevance: Se and/or αT application may be useful in preventing the destruction of periodontal tissue and treatment of periodontal disease.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors influencing the recovery time of neurosensory disturbances (NSD) following sagittal split ramus osteotomy., Methods: One hundred twenty-seven patients (254 operated sites) underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy due to dentofacial deformities between the period of 2011 and 2017. These patients were followed up for at least 1 year, and the data obtained from changes in sensation of inferior alveolar nerve were recorded subjectively. The subjects were categorized according to age, gender, type of deformity, nerve manipulation, side of the jaw, and the amount of the mandibular movement. The relationship between the above-mentioned parameters, and the recovery time of NSD were investigated. Pearson χ analysis was used, and the value of significance was accepted as P < 0.05., Results: The recovery time of NSD is significantly correlated with the age of the patients, the amount of the mandibular movement (>7 mm), and the nerve manipulation (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation found between the recovery time of NSD and gender, type of deformity, side of the jaw (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The recovery time of NSD may prolong in cases of large amounts of mandibular movements more than 7 mm or the nerve manipulation. The older age may increase the risk of permanent NSD.

Background: Toothache is a common consequence of untreated caries, predisposed by poor oral hygiene and high caries risk. Most children expressed their pain through their parents or carers. The aim of this study was to determine the colour of pain presence and absence., Methods: Patients aged between 4 and 14 and referred to a dentist for the first time due to toothache had a short-term pain of 1 month caused by deep cavities. The children chose paintings from the box of 24 standard colours (Crayola, Spain) and the circles were painted. Pain was rated by children on the Visual Analoge Scale. Normality and variance were tested using the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Associations were performed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Analyses were completed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) version 20.0 program., Results: A total of 147 patients including 78 girls (53.1%) and 69 boys (46.9%) were included in the study. The principal component analysis showed that red has the highest factor loading in children with pain, whereas yellow was the other highest one in children without pain., Conclusion: The presence of pain was mainly associated with red, and the absence of pain was associated with yellow in Turkish population. Description of pain with colour can be useful tool to recognize the children and to improve dentist-patient or dentist-parents communication.

Aim: Temporary cement can be applied for both permanent and temporary cementation of implant-supported fixed restorations. These cements must have certain physical and mechanical properties. Specifically, the film thickness directly affects the cement's clinical success. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the film thicknesses of six temporary cements before and after thermal cycling., Materials and Methods: Eighty-four metal copings with uniform holding loops were fabricated and divided into 12 groups of seven samples each. Six of these groups were subjected to a thermal cycling process. The copings were cemented to solid implant abutments (Implance Solid Abutment, 3.5-mm cervical diameter, 2 mm high, 6° taper, Implance Dental Implant System; AGS Medical, Trabzon, Turkey), using six different types of cement. The fitting surfaces were coated with the luting cements. After steeping in artificial saliva for 24 hours, the specimens were subjected to pull-out testing using an Instron machine. Specimens in the thermal cycling groups were subjected to 700 thermal cycles (36-55°C) prior to pull-out testing., Results: The Mann-Whitney U test revealed significant differences between the retention values of the thermal cycling (+) and thermal cycling (-) groups (U = 153.0, P < 0.01). The retention values of the groups subjected to thermal cycling were significantly lower than those of the cements that were not subjected to thermal cycling. Thermal cycling also affected the film thickness significantly (Wilcoxon signed rank test, Z = -5.533, P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Thermal cycling affects the film thickness and retention of temporary cements significantly. The retention value was significantly higher for glass ionomer cement than for the other cements tested, and this cement also exhibited greatest film thickness., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest

Objective: This study compared the esthetic outcomes of 1-year follow-up of immediate and late implant loading after implant restoration of a single tooth in the anterior maxilla., Materials and Methods: A total of 33 patients with missing teeth in the anterior maxilla (Central = 8/lateral = 22/canine = 3) were enrolled in this study (18 immediate loading and 15 late loading). At after cementation, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months photographs were taken of anterior maxilla. The photographs were assessed using pink esthetic score (PES) which consists of seven variables. All PES data were analyzed with independent sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs., Results: PES values increased significantly in both groups at the 1-year follow-up (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the immediate and late loading groups at any time point (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, immediate loading did not have a negative effect on esthetics., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest

Aim: In this study, we investigated the retention of two attachment types, Straumann ball (SB) and Straumann Locator ® (SL) attachments, on different implant angulations and identified the most appropriate treatment type or attachment system for each angulation., Materials and Methods: The attachments placed on angulation of 0°-, 10°-, and 20° implants were subjected to 1440 vertical insertion-separation cycles. The retention values of the attachments after 0, 720, and 1440 cycles were measured using the Instron machine. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images of the attachments and abutments were obtained before and after the insertion-separation process., Results: There was a significant difference between the SB and SL attachments that were placed on 0° after 1440 cycles (P < 0.05) and between 20° SB and 20° SL attachments after 720 and 1440 cycles (P < 0.05) in terms of retention. No significant difference was observed between 20° SB and 20° SL attachments at 0 cycles (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: In implants with a 20° angle, retention of stud attachments decreased more than ball attachments after use. Thus, the total angle between the implants should not be <20° if long-term retention is desired when using stud attachments. For implants with angles >20°, 6-month patient controls are required to control retention of attachments by considering factors in the mouth with the two tested attachment systems., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest

We investigated the oral stereognostic ability (OSA) of dentate individuals, conventional complete denture patients, and maxillary implant-supported denture patients with bar attachments. Stereognosis tests were carried out, and the relationship between OSA and patient satisfaction was assessed with a satisfaction survey: the Turkish version of the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-TR-14). To compare differences in oral sensory function among individuals with natural dentition, complete denture wearers, and maxillary implant-supported denture wearers, tactile awareness (thickness perception threshold) and pressure awareness (threshold of lateral loading) were assessed. According to the results, the oral perception level of natural dentate patients was higher than that of the complete denture group and maxillary implant-supported complete denture group at the end of the study. There was no statistically significant difference in OHIP-TR-14 scores between the maxillary implant-supported complete denture group and the complete denture group ( P < .05). The control group perceived the applied lateral and vertical forces statistically earlier than the other groups ( P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference between the complete denture and maxillary implant-supported denture groups in terms of the lateral pressure threshold or thickness tactile threshold ( P > .05). At the end of the study it was concluded that there was no correlation between oral perception levels and satisfaction in patients with complete dentures and patients with maxillary implant-supported complete dentures. The control group, compared with the complete denture and maxillary implant-supported complete denture groups, perceived the lateral and vertical forces statistically earlier than the other groups.

Purpose: This study compared the clinical outcomes of 1-year follow-up of immediate and late implant loading after implant restoration of a single tooth in the anterior maxilla., Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients with missing teeth in the anterior maxilla were included in this study (18 immediate loading and 15 late loading). Standard periapical radiographs were obtained to evaluate the vertical bone loss around the implant. For both implant groups, periimplant parameters (probing depth, gingival bleeding index, gingival index (GI), modified plaque index, width of keratinized gingiva) were evaluated., Results: There were no significant differences in bone loss, the widths of keratinized gingiva, the GI, and modified plaque index between the immediate implant loading and late implant loading groups (P > 0.05). A significant difference in the probing depth was observed between these groups at the initial and 1-month evaluations (P < 0.05). Significant differences in bleeding indices between these groups were observed at months 3 and 6 (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: When selecting appropriate patients (adequate primary stability, patient compliance with the surgeon's recommendations), immediate implant loading may be an alternative method to late loading protocol for replacement of a missing tooth in anterior maxilla.