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The article focuses on the issues of reforming law enforcement through the introduction of a new model of Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP). The key emphasis is on the content and characteristics of analytical intelligence itself. The author examines the historical origins of intelligence, both as a term and as an activity in various social spheres. The author emphasizes the historical regularity of the use of intelligence in law enforcement. In order to reveal the content, the author analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of intelligence in France and the United Kingdom. The author points out the historicity of justifying the value of intelligence by verifying both its reliability and the integrity of the source. It is noted that intelligence reports were actively collected and classified using a complex system of filing cabinets and intelligence files. This work was supported by a special group of intelligence officers and facilitated the systematic collation, evaluation and analysis of data. At the same time, intelligence-led policing and investigations were potentially hampered and, to some extent, halted by cultural protectionism and the lack of sufficiently developed databases. Gradually, the term «intelligence-led policing» (ILP) has expanded to include its modern application - the use of analytics in general police management (not just specialized units), including aspects of community crime prevention, public order and public safety. The processes of ILP development in the UK and the USA are described. The content of the main activities and key elements of ILP that require implementation and compliance with certain requirements is revealed. Attention is focused on the defined mission of the intelligence function in the activities of law enforcement agencies, intelligence standards and requirements for the professionalism of analysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to analyze internal and external factors on the Stock Return. As for the Internal factors include: Return on Equity, Net Interest Margin, Loan Deposit Ratio, and Net Performing Loan. While external factors include: the inflation rate, Cryptocurrency, Exchange Rate, and dummy of pandemic. The population in this study is the company registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the banking sector for the 2015-2020 period. There were 16 Banks represented as a sample in this study and used a collection technique, namely purposive sampling. The type of research used descriptive quantitative and the method of analysis using E-views 10. The final results in this study indicate that internal factor such as ROE has a positive and significant effect on stock returns, NIM influential negative but not significant to stock returns, LDR has negative and significant towards stock returns, NPL has a positive but not significant to stock returns. Furthermore the external factor such as The inflation rate has negative and insignificant towards stock return, Cryptocurrency as a positive and significant on stock returns, Exchange Rate has a negative and significant on stock returns, and dummy with before and after pandemic category has positive and significant on stock return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the solution to the time-fractional Fisher equation is determined using two well-known analytical techniques. The suggested approaches are the new iterative method and the optimal auxiliary function method, with the fractional derivative handled in the Caputo sense. The obtained results demonstrate that the suggested approaches are efficient and simple to use for solving fractional-order differential equations. The approximate and exact solutions of the partial fractional differential equations for integer order were compared. Additionally, the fractional-order and integer-order results are contrasted using simple tables. It has been confirmed that the solution produced using the provided methods converges to the exact solution at the appropriate rate. The primary advantage of the suggested method is the small number of computations needed. Moreover, it may be used to address fractional-order physical problems in a number of fields.

In Indonesia, the government encourages converting conventional regional development banks into sharia regional development banks. Such banks should become the driving force and the stimulator of a sharia ecosystem in the region, especially to support the development of regional economic potentials and to become a prosperous and peaceful country. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of regional development banks that have become sharia regional development banks to identify their ability to continue to provide economic growth in the region. Considering the results of previous studies, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of the financial performance of regional development banks that have converted to sharia banks using the following variables: return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR) / financing-to-deposit ratio (FDR), net interest margin (NIM) / net operating margin (NOM) and ratio of operating expenses to operating income (BOPO). The analysis aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in the financial performance between conventional and sharia regional development banks. The population in this study is the regional development bank, with a sample of 3 banks that have converted into sharia banks (Bank Aceh Shariah, Bank NTB Shariah, and Bank Riau Kepri Shariah). The study uses secondary bank data from quarterly financial reports on the banks’ websites. The independent sample t-test is used to test the performance of conventional and sharia banks. The study results indicate no significant differences in the financial performance of regional development banks as measured using the financial ratio indicators ROA, ROE, and LDR. However, there are significant differences in measurements using the NIM and BOPO ratio indicators. Although the financial performance of sharia banks is still lower than that of conventional banks, they are showing an upward trend.

Previously, we reported that metronidazole MICs are not dependent on the expression levels of nim genes in B. fragilis strains and we compared the proteomes of metronidazole-resistant laboratory B. fragilis strains to those of their susceptible parent strains. Here, we used RT-qPCR to correlate the expression levels of 18 candidate genes in a panel of selected, clinical nim gene-positive and -negative B. fragilis strains to their metronidazole MICs. Metronidazole MICs were correlated with the expression of certain tested genes. Specifically, lactate dehydrogenase expression correlated positively, whereas cytochrome fumarate reductase/succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase redox and gat (GCN5-like acetyltransferase), and relA (stringent response) regulatory gene expressions correlated negatively with metronidazole MICs. This result provides evidence for the involvement of carbohydrate catabolic enzymes in metronidazole resistance in B. fragilis. This result was supported by direct substrate utilization tests. However, the exact roles of these genes/proteins should be determined in deletion–complementation tests. Moreover, the exact redox cofactor(s) participating in metronidazole activation need to be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

У статті акцентовано увагу на питаннях реформування правоохоронної діяльності на основі упровадження нової моделі Intelligence-led Policing (ILP) – поліцейська діяльність, керована аналітичною розвідкою. Ключовим акцентом залишається зміст та характерні особливості безпосередньо аналітичної розвідки. Розглянуто історичні витоки аналітичної розвідки як терміну, так і діяльності в різних суспільних сферах. Акцентовано на історичній закономірності використання аналітичної розвідки у правоохоронній діяльності. З метою розкриття змісту проаналізовано особливості становлення аналітичної розвідки у Франції та Великій Британії. Вказано на історичність обґрунтування цінності аналітичної розвідки шляхом перевірки як її достовірності, так і доброчесності джерела. Зазначено, що розвідувальні звіти активно збиралися і класифікувалися за допомогою складної системи картотек і розвідувальних файлів. Така робота підтримувалась спеціальною групою офіцерів розвідки та сприяла систематичному зіставленню, оцінці та аналізу даних. Водночас, поліцейська діяльність та розслідування на основі розвідданих потенційно гальмувалися і, до певної міри, були призупинені культурним протекціонізмом і відсутністю достатньо розвинених баз даних. Поступово термін «поліцейська діяльність, керована аналітичною розвідкою» (ILP) розширився і охопив його сучасне застосування – використання аналітики у загальному менеджменті поліції (а не тільки спеціалізованими підрозділами), включаючи аспекти запобігання злочинності на територіях громад, порушення громадського порядку і підтримання громадської безпеки. Описано процеси становлення ILP у Великій Британії та США. Розкрито зміст основних заходів та ключових елементів ILP, що потребують виконання та дотримання певних вимог. Акцентовано увагу на визначені місії аналітичної розвідувальної функції у діяльності правоохоронних органів, стандартах аналітичної розвідки та вимогах щодо фаховості аналітиків.

In Indonesia, the government encourages converting conventional regional development banks into sharia regional development banks. Such banks should become the driving force and the stimulator of a sharia ecosystem in the region, especially to support the development of regional economic potentials and to become a prosperous and peaceful country. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of regional development banks that have become sharia regional development banks to identify their ability to continue to provide economic growth in the region. Considering the results of previous studies, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of the financial performance of regional development banks that have converted to sharia banks using the following variables: return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR) / financing-to-deposit ratio (FDR), net interest margin (NIM) / net operating margin (NOM) and ratio of operating expenses to operating income (BOPO). The analysis aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in the financial performance between conventional and sharia regional development banks. The population in this study is the regional development bank, with a sample of 3 banks that have converted into sharia banks (Bank Aceh Shariah, Bank NTB Shariah, and Bank Riau Kepri Shariah). The study uses secondary bank data from quarterly financial reports on the banks' websites. The independent sample t-test is used to test the performance of conventional and sharia banks. The study results indicate no significant differences in the financial performance of regional development banks as measured using the financial ratio indicators ROA, ROE, and LDR. However, there are significant differences in measurements using the NIM and BOPO ratio indicators. Although the financial performance of sharia banks is still lower than that of conventional banks, they are showing an upward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the influence of Liquidity, Bank Size, Operational Efficiency, Asset Quality, CAR, NPL, LDR, Asset Share, Average Exchange Rate, and Inflation Rate on the performance of conventional banks. The research sample used was conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019 - 2022. Data was taken from time series data for 2019 - 2022 for the independent variable and bank performance as the dependent variable. The methodology of this research is OLS with Eviews 12 software. The findings in this research are that Liquidity, Bank Size, Operational Efficiency, Asset Quality, CAR, NPL, LDR, Asset Share, Average Exchange Rate, and Inflation Rate simultaneously influence the performance of conventional banks. Bank size, operational efficiency, asset quality, CAR, and NPL, have a significant effect on changes in conventional bank performance as measured by ROA. Bank Size, Operational Efficiency, CAR, NPL have a significant effect on changes in conventional bank performance as measured by ROE. Bank size, operational efficiency, CAR, NPL, LDR, and inflation rate have a significant effect on changes in conventional bank performance as measured by NIM. Bank Size and CAR have a positive and significant effect on changes in conventional bank performance, while Operational Efficiency and NPL have a negative and significant effect on changes in conventional bank performance. Banks can take advantage of large bank size and CAR opportunities to improve their performance so that investors are interested in buying bank shares. Operational efficiency and low and controlled NPL will increase banking profits, especially in conventional banks, thereby improving the bank's performance. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide input for banks and investors to consider bank size, operational efficiency, CAR, and NPL in managing their business and in making investment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the health levels of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk before the pandemic in the period of 2018-2019 and during the pandemic in the period of 2020-2022 using the RBRR method. This study employed a quantitative research design with secondary data obtained from the annual reports on BCA official website. The data collection techniques used were documentation and library research. The analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that PT Bank Central Asia was in the very healthy category during the period 2018 to 2022. It can be seen from indicators such as NPL and LDR, which show that the bank has successfully managed the risks effectively. In addition, the GCG assessment also shows the implementation of good corporate governance. The calculations of ROA and NIM show that the bank has achieved excellent profitability. Furthermore, the calculation of CAR indicates that the bank has been effectively managed the capital. Therefore, PT Bank Central Asia is considered capable of dealing with negative influences and risks through before and during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to the financial stability of banking institutions around the world. This research seeks to conduct an empirical study to determine the effect of credit risk and market risk on capital security. This study aims to examine (1) the effect of Credit Restructuring,Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Net Interest (NIM) on Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) (2) the effect of NPL, NIM on Return On Assets (ROA) (3) the effect of ROA on CAR and (4) the effect of NIM, NPL to CAR with ROA as the intervening variable. The sample for this research is commercial banks registered with OJK in 2020 that meet the research criteria. The method of analysis in this study is path analysis which is the development of multiple and bivariate regression analysis. The research results show thatCredit restructuring has a negative and insignificant effect, NPL has a negative and insignificant effect on CAR, NIM has a positive and not significant effect on CAR, NPL has a negative and significant effect on ROA, NIM has a positive and significant effect on ROA, ROA has a negative and significant effect on CAR, NPL has a direct influence on CAR through ROA, NIM has no effect on CAR through ROA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously, we reported that metronidazole MICs are not dependent on the expression levels of nim genes in B. fragilis strains and we compared the proteomes of metronidazole-resistant laboratory B. fragilis strains to those of their susceptible parent strains. Here, we used RT-qPCR to correlate the expression levels of 18 candidate genes in a panel of selected, clinical nim gene-positive and -negative B. fragilis strains to their metronidazole MICs. Metronidazole MICs were correlated with the expression of certain tested genes. Specifically, lactate dehydrogenase expression correlated positively, whereas cytochrome fumarate reductase/succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase redox and gat (GCN5-like acetyltransferase), and relA (stringent response) regulatory gene expressions correlated negatively with metronidazole MICs. This result provides evidence for the involvement of carbohydrate catabolic enzymes in metronidazole resistance in B. fragilis. This result was supported by direct substrate utilization tests. However, the exact roles of these genes/proteins should be determined in deletion–complementation tests. Moreover, the exact redox cofactor(s) participating in metronidazole activation need to be identified.

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of Indonesian banks based on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Costs per Operating Income (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Non-Performing Loans (NPL). The research method used is verification with a quantitative approach. Sources of data obtained from the bank's financial statements that have been published. The sample is grouped into state-owned banks, regional development banks, national private banks, and foreign banks. The sample is grouped into two parts, namely banking performance before and after the financial technology (fintech) regulatory family. The analysis technique used paired sample test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of the study stated that there were differences in CAR, LDR, NIM, ROA, and NPL after the ratification of fintech regulations. Meanwhile, only BOPO did not experience any difference with the issuance of fintech regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to show the effect of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing financing (NPF), and operating costs of operating income (OCOI) on return on assets (ROA) with net interest margin (NIM) as an intervening variable. This quantitative research uses secondary data in panel data with a purposive sampling technique. The sample used was five Islamic commercial banks (ICB) registered with the Financial Services Authority (FSA) from 2016 to 2020. Data analysis uses descriptive, stationary, regression, classical assumptions, and path analysis. This research shows that CAR, NPF, and OCOI partially do not affect NIM. CAR has a positive and significant effect on ROA. OCOI has a negative effect on ROA. NPF does not affect ROA. NIM has a positive and significant effect on ROA. NIM cannot mediate the effect of CAR on ROA. However, NIM can mediate the effect of NPF and OCOI on ROA. This research complements existing theories and can be used to reference ICB in improving performance.

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This study aims to examine how the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Expenses Operating Income (OEOI), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) affect the profitability of Return on Assets (ROA). The object of this research is that conventional commercial banks are chosen because they have a relatively rapid growth compared to Islamic commercial banks. This type of research includes causal research using quantitative methods. The population of this study is banking companies registered in the Indonesia Banking Directory and the 2018-2020 Bank Indonesia monthly publication reports. Sampling used the saturated sample method, with 36 data samples from the 2018-2020 Bank Indonesia Monthly Published Reports. Then the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square model using the Eviews Version 12 software. The data test results found that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) had no significant effect on profitability. Meanwhile, Operating Expenses Operating Income (OEOI), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) have a positive and significant effect on profitability.

The study attempts to examine the Performance Evaluation of Public Sector Banks in India. The Punjab National Bank has been selected for the same. The PNB has business in two segments, i.e. financial and internal business process. The study is based on secondary data from 2007-08 to 2016-17. The results reveal that the financial position of the bank is satisfactory in term of capital adequacy and credit deposits ratio. The cost to income and business per employee ratio are efficient with regard to internal business process. The financial and internal business process ratios are positively correlated. It proves that with increase in the financial position, internal business process performance will increase. The‘t’ value is insignificant at 95 percent level of confidence. The study focused on holistic measures for measuring the performance of the bank. At present, the performance is not appreciable. This has happened due to slowdown in the economy. The study may be useful to bank’s managers, savers, users and government, etc. in planning the financing and non-financing decisions.

This research aims to determine the effect of Net Interest Margin (NIM), Operation Expenses to Operations Income (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Non Performing Loan (NPL) toward Profitability (Case Study on the Commercial Banks that Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014-2018). In this research the sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique and managed to obtained 13 banks. Secondary data used were obtained from financial reports published from the official website of the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Methods of data analysis used in this study is the analysis of multiple linear regression with a level of significance of 5%. The results showed that the variables NIM, BOPO, LDR, and NPL simultaneously have significant effect to Profitability. Based on the t-test results it can be concluded that the variables NIM and BOPO have significant effect while LDR, and NPL have not significant effect to Profitability. The results obtained by multiple linear regression analysis Adjusted R2 of 0.976, this shows that the contribution of independent variables in explaining the dependent variable is 97,6% and the remaining is explained by other variables that are not examined.

The Rationale: This study describes a partial parotidectomy (PP) under local anaesthesia (LA) without regional block (LAwRB) assisted by electromyographic monitoring of the facial nerve, to consolidate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of these procedures without general anaesthesia (GA). Patient Concerns: An 82‑year‑old with a lump in the left parotid gland suspected for non‑Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) needed a histological examination to start chemotherapy. Diagnosis and Treatments: Because of multiple comorbidities, the authors performed a PP under LAwRB electromyographically guided by the NIM Vital (Medtronic)™. Outcomes: The procedure was quick and did not require conversion to GA. The histopathological examination confirmed the NHL. No haematoma, sialocoele, earlobe numbness and transient or permanent facial palsy were observed. Take-Away Lessons: The electrophysiologic monitoring of the facial nerve improves the efficacy, safety and feasibility of parotid surgery under LA, avoiding adverse effects of GA, need of regional block and reducing hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To measure the effect of thyroidectomy difficulty on intraoperative neuromonitoring false loss of signal (LOS) and to compare intraoperative endotracheal tube–based neuromonitoring (ETNM) and Checkpoint palpation-based direct stimulation (pDS) signals with postoperative laryngoscopy. We hypothesized that pDS has higher a positive predictive value for postdissection confirmation of recurrent laryngeal nerve function than ETNM and that this difference is accentuated with increasing thyroidectomy difficulty. Study Design: Prospective single-arm cross-sectional study comparing ETNM and pDS for patients undergoing hemi-, total, or completion thyroidectomy from July 2018 to March 2020. Setting: Single-surgeon series at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Percentage concordance and positive and negative predictive values were measured. Each thyroidectomy was assigned a validated thyroidectomy difficulty score, and recorded recurrent laryngeal nerve signals were compared with postoperative vocal fold mobility. Results: Percentage concordance was 90.09%. Positive and negative predictive values were 0.19 (95% CI, 0.09-0.31) and 1.0 for ETNM and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.35-0.82) and 1.0 for pDS. The difference in positive predictive value was significant (0.40 [95% CI, 0.33-0.47], P <.001). False LOS rates for ETNM and pDS were 13.19% versus 3.30% (9.89% [95% CI, 1.80%-18.62%], P =.0155), 44.11% versus 0% (44.11% [95% CI, 25.80%-60.54%], P <.001), and 73.33% versus 13.33% (60% [95% CI, 24.76%-78.46%], P =.001) for the second through fourth thyroidectomy difficulty score quartiles, respectively. False LOS with ETNM was linearly correlated with increasing difficulty (R 2 = 0.97). Conclusion: ETNM was subject to high rates of postdissection false LOS that increased with thyroidectomy difficulty score. pDS is a reliable alternative that has higher positive predictive value than ETNM, particularly in more challenging cases such as those with posteriorly fixed thyroid cancers and fibrotic glands. Evidence level: 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combinatorial game theory provides results for the class of two-player, deterministic games with perfect information. With the aim of generalizing this theory to the class of non-perfect information games in mind, we introduce and analyze three variants of the game of Nim. In these variants, the opponent only receives partial information on the move executed by the opponent. We model the variants as games in extensive form and compute Nash equilibria for different starting configurations. For one variant, this provides a full characterization of the game. For the other variants, we prove some partial and structural results, but a full characterization remains elusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of a company can be said to be good if its financial statements show an increase in profits. Of course, many aspects that affect a company in generating profitability. This study aims to understand the effect of NPL, NIM, LDR, and CAR on Profitability (ROA) in banking companies both Government Banks and Conventional Banks. This research uses quantitative methods, where data sources use secondary data. By using classical assumption test analysis techniques, F test, and t test results obtained for this study are that NPL negatively and significantly affects ROA, NIM positively and significantly affect ROA, LDR negatively and significantly affect ROA, CAR positively and significantly affect ROA. NPL, NIM, LDR, and CAR simultaneously affect ROA on government banks and conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014-2017 period.

This study aims to examine the effect of financial performance, namely; Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Return on Assets (ROA) and Operational Cost on Operational Income (BOPO) on stock price of state-owned Bank in Indonesia. The sample in the study is state-owned Bank registered at Indonesia Stock Exchange and still listed until 2018 namely; Bank Mandiri, Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN), and Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). The collection of data is carried out by documentation technique. Technique employed in analyzing data is multiple regression analysis. The results found that (1) Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Return on Assets (ROA) and Operational Cost on Operational Income (BOPO) simultaneously affect stock price of state-owned Bank in Indonesia. (2) Partially, NIM, NPL, LDR, ROA, BOPO variables have an insignificant effect on stock price of state-owned Bank that already have gone public on Indonesia Stock Exchange. While CAR has a significant influence on stock price of state-owned Bank that already have gone public on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This accordingly provides an indication that stock price of a state-owned Bank in Indonesia is not predominantly determined by its financial performance, but by public's trust in state-owned Bank concerned.

This research aims to analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Expenses to Operating Income Ratio (BOPO), Loan to Deposits Ratio (LDR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPL) variables on ROA and Stock Return of Banks That Listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this research is all banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. At the same time, the samples are 30 companies. The sampling uses the purposive sampling method. Secondary data was obtained in the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Yahoo! Finance. The independent variables used are CAR, BOPO, LDR, NIM, and NPL. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis by SmartPLS software. This research indicates that the LDR, NIM, and NPL variables have a significant effect on ROA. The CAR, BOPO, and NPL variables have a significant effect on Stock Return. The predictive ability of the independent variables (CAR, BOPO, LDR, NIM, and NPL) on ROA is 59.5%, as indicated by the value of Adjusted R Square is 59.5%, while the remaining is 40.5% influenced by other variables not included in this research. The independent variables (CAR, BOPO, NIM, and NPL) on Stock Returns have 13.3% of Adjusted R Square while the remaining is 86.7% influenced by other variables.

If a combinatorial game involves more than two players, the problem of coalitions arises. To avoid the problem, Shuo-Yen Robert Li analyzed three-player nim with the podium rule, that is, if a player cannot be last, he should try to be last but one. With that simplification, he proved that a disjunctive sum of nim piles is a P -position if and only if the sum modulo 3 of the binary representations of the piles is equal to zero. In this paper, we extend the result in order to understand the complete characterization of the outcome classes, the possible reductions of the game forms, the equivalence classes under the equality of games and related canonical forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the game of proper Nim, in which two players alternately move by taking stones from n piles. In one move a player chooses a proper subset (at least one and at most n - 1 ) of the piles and takes some positive number of stones from each pile of the subset. The player who cannot move is the loser. Jenkyns and Mayberry (Int J Game Theory 9(1):51–63, 1980) described the Sprague–Grundy function of these games. In this paper we consider the so-called selective compound of proper Nim games with certain other games, and obtain a closed formula for the Sprague–Grundy functions of the compound games, when n ≥ 3 . Surprisingly, the case of n = 2 is much more complicated. For this case we obtain several partial results and propose some conjectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018 the banking sector experienced a very fast expansion resulting in a decrease in the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) at the level of 22.01% compared to 2017, namely 22.75%. Growth in risk-weighted assets (RWA) was the cause of the decline in the value of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) which can be influenced by aspects of financial performance, one of which is the profitability aspect of Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Return On Assets (ROA). This study aims to determine the effect of Net Interest Margin (NIM), Return On Assets (ROA) on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) in 31 private banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The method used is multiple linear regression analysis using IBM SPSS 24. Based on the results of the study showed a significant influence between Net Interest Margin (NIM), Return On Assets (ROA) on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) together (simultaneously).

An intercomparison of neutron personal dose equivalent measured by the Harshaw thermoluminescence neutron dosimeters (TLDs) between the National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM) and the Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology of Vietnam (INST) was performed. Three sets of TLDs (each set consisting of five TLDs) were prepared for each laboratory. Each set was then irradiated to the corresponding same nominal standard value of neutron personal dose equivalent, H p (10) n−std i , of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mSv, respectively at these two laboratories. The irradiated TLDs were then read-out at the INST using the Harshaw 4500-type TLD reader to obtain neutron personal dose equivalents at the NIM, H p (10) n−NIM i and at the INST, H p (10) n−INST i , which are corresponding to different values of H p (10) n−std i . The TLDs' responses to different scattered components of neutrons in these two fields are also discussed. Comparisons between the corresponding pair values of H p (10) n−NIM i and H p (10) n−INST i show good agreements within 10% with the standard uncertainty of 12.5% (k = 1). The measured values of H p (10) n−NIM i and H p (10) n−INST i are satisfied the Trumpet curve criteria. This implies that the TLDs can be used for safety assessment of occupational neutron personal dose equivalents. This intercomparison result also confirms the capabilities of these two laboratories (i.e., NIM, INST) on deliveries of neutron personal dose equivalent standard values for calibrations. • A comparison of H p □ (10) for neutrons was performed between INST and NIM. • The H p □ (10) discrepancy is within 10% with the standard uncertainty of 12.5%. • The discrepancy is ascribed to the algorithm for different scattering components. • The algorithm is advised to be more qualified in complicated radiation fields. • INST and NIM are capable to deliver standard values of H p □ (10) for neutrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fokus penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio keuangan terhadap perubahan laba. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011?2015 yang berjumlah 25 perusahaan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, uji analisis regresi linier berganda, analisis koefisien korelasi, analisis koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan alat bantu program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel NIM tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan laba. Variabel BOPO menunjukkan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan laba. Sedangkan pengujian hipotesis secara simultan NIM dan BOPO tidak terdapat pengaruh terhadap perubahan laba.

Root-knot nematodes are important soil pests for potato cultivation, among other Solanaceae, where they parasitize roots and tubers causing significant losses for producers. The control was done exclusively with nematicides, many of which were banned or presented with very restricted use due to different environmental and economic factors. The objective of this work is to test a product formulated from liquid organomineral fertilizer containing humic substances, nutrients N, P, K (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), carbohydrates, amino acids and neem extract (Azadirachta indica). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 8 treatments (different combinations of application in planting and / or hilling combined or not with abamectin) and 6 repetitions. The experimental plot was a plastic pot with 21 L of autoclaved substrate and a potato plant 'Agata' artificially inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita. The results showed the control exercised by the formulated in the different combinations of application, with the exception of the product applied only in the hilling. However, the nematode control did not affect the development of the plants, where there were no statistical differences between treatments for all variables tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study attempts to examine the Performance Evaluation of Public Sector Banks in India. The Punjab National Bank has been selected for the same. The PNB has business in two segments, i.e. financial and internal business process. The study is based on secondary data from 2007-08 to 2016-17. The results reveal that the financial position of the bank is satisfactory in term of capital adequacy and credit deposits ratio. The cost to income and business per employee ratio are efficient with regard to internal business process. The financial and internal business process ratios are positively correlated. It proves that with increase in the financial position, internal business process performance will increase. The't' value is insignificant at 95 percent level of confidence. The study focused on holistic measures for measuring the performance of the bank. At present, the performance is not appreciable. This has happened due to slowdown in the economy. The study may be useful to bank's managers, savers, users and government, etc. in planning the financing and non-financing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Neural integrity monitoring (NIM) endotracheal tubes are widely used to provide intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during certain neck surgeries, especially thyroidectomy, in order to reduce the risk of nerve injury and subsequent vocal fold paralysis. The unique design of NIM tubes and the increased technical skill required for correct placement compared to standard endotracheal tubes may increase the risk of upper aerodigestive tract soft tissue injury. This study aims to describe adverse events related to NIM endotracheal tubes., Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study., Setting: The US Food and Drug Administration's MAUDE database (2010-2022); (Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience)., Methods: The MAUDE database was queried for reports of adverse events that resulted in patient soft tissue injury involving the use of endotracheal tubes approved by the Food and Drug Administration., Results: There were 28 reported soft tissue injuries, with all events being related to the NIM EMG family of endotracheal tubes manufactured by Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Overall, 24 were categorized as device-related adverse events, and 4 were unspecified in the event description. The most common soft tissue injuries were edema (n = 7) and perforation (n = 7), each accounting for 25 % of adverse events. The second most common injury type was laceration (n = 4), representing 14 % of all adverse events. Overall, 9 patients (32 %) in our cohort required a surgical intervention to treat their injuries, which consisted of 6 tracheotomies and 3 instances of suture repair., Conclusions: The most commonly reported types of soft tissue injury included edema and perforation, followed by laceration. Increased awareness of device-related patient injuries associated with NIM endotracheal tubes can be used to better inform surgeons and anesthesiologists during the process of intubation and surgical decision-making., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study focuses on assessing the role of various bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants in Indian commercial banks performance. Performance of the Indian banks has been measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Pre-provision profit ratio. The study analyses impact of various bank-specific factors like bank size, capital ratio, risk, cost to income ratio, funding cost, revenue diversification, labour productivity and bank age on bank performance. It also tries to assess the relationship between various bank-specific and industry-specific variables like bank concentration, inflation rate and GDP growth rate with bank performance. Fixed effects estimation model and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) have been used on a panel data of 19 years for 64 commercial banks of India. The findings reveal that private sector banks are more profitable than the public sector banks. Additionally, the results of the study show that bank size, non-performing loan ratio and revenue diversification are the major determinants of the commercial banks performance in India. Furthermore, the results reveal that during the crisis period the impact of bank size, bank age, labour productivity and revenue diversification on the performance of the Indian banks is robust. The higher non-government stake leads to the enhanced performance of the commercial banks in India. The higher capital adequacy leads to the increase in the performance of the banks. The larger banks are less profitable. The results provide better insights about the determinants of Indian banks profitability.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the activities of Indonesian sharia banking institutions before the merger. BSI of state-to-state bank financial ratios revealed in Sharia Bank report. The design/methodology/approach used was regression analysis of panel data, which is a combination of time series data over time periods. Cross- sectional data comprising 2010-2019 and Muamalata. Shariah, BNI Shariah, BRI Shariah, Maybank Shariah, Mega Shariah, BCA Shariah. Conclusion. The results of this study show that the variables CAR and NIM partly differ. This has major consequences for the efficiency (ROA) of Islamic banks. Variables NPF and FDR also have a significant impact on bank performance (ROA) in part.