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Adolescents in compulsory care represent a particularly vulnerable group. The content of compulsory care and the restrictions on freedom that young people are subjected to are topics that are rarely addressed in either societal debates or within the education of social workers. The purpose of this study is to attempt to interpret and understand how compulsory care affects adolescents from a power and control perspective, in order to highlight their vulnerability. The study is based on a thematic analysis of the adolescents' own narratives in the book "Växa mot förändring," published by the National Board of Institutional Care in 2023. We have employed Goffman's theory of total institutions to analyze the adolescents' experiences of compulsory care. The results indicate that the adolescents' experiences are both negative and positive in nature. Overall, the findings suggest that the adolescents' experiences are highly negative from a power- and control perspective. Emotions such as anger and hopelessness are commonly present. Additionally, the results show that the adolescents adapt to the conditions of the institution in various ways. Several narratives contain aspects of institutionalization and a fear of coping independently. These experiences can be connected to Goffman's theory of total institutions. The results emphasize the vulnerability of the adolescents and highlight the need for their voices to be heard in order to increase knowledge in the field.

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka upplevelserna hos nyckelpersoner från olika aktörer inom de brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande insatserna som implementerades i Särö centrum 2023. Insatserna infördes till följd av en ökad upplevd otrygghet i området på grund av stökiga ungdomar och en eskalerande brottslighet som kulminerade under samma år. Genom intervjuer med dessa nyckelpersoner har varierande perspektiv lyfts rörande vilka förändringar de sett samt hur effektiva insatserna upplevts. En tematisk analys visade att området upplevs tryggare nu efter implementeringen, främst tack vare samverkan mellan aktörerna. Att civilsamhället och föräldraföreningen har engagerat sig mer aktivt för ett tryggare Särö centrum har välkomnats. Nyckelpersonerna påpekade dock att det finns behov av en långsiktig plan för att undvika framtida akuta insatser. En översikt av anmälda brott i Särö mellan 2020–2024 visade på en uppgång vilket kan motsäga resultatet från den tematiska analysen, att området blivit lugnare, något som krävt vidare diskussion.

Background Homelessness is associated with adverse health and social outcomes. People experiencing homelessness have been found to have a high risk of violent crime victimisation as well as high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. It is poorly understood whether experiencing homelessness is associated with additional risks of violent offending and whether psychiatric disorders contribute to these risks. We examined the association between homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and first violence offence leading to conviction. Methods We did a nationwide, register-based cohort study of all Danish residents who were alive at least 1 day during the study period, born between Jan 1, 1980, and Dec 31, 2006, and aged 15 years or older retrieved from the Danish Civil Registration System, which was linked to registers with information on homelessness, health care, and criminality. The exposure was any experience of homelessness, which was defined as having at least one contact with a homeless shelter during the study period. The outcome was first violent offence leading to a conviction. We calculated incidence rates per 10 000 person-years, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression analysis, and probability of conviction of a violent offence using an Aalen–Johansen estimator. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for calendar year of the study period, age, other sociodemographic factors, and psychiatric disorders. Findings The study cohort included 1 786 433 Danish residents aged 15–42 years living in Denmark at some point from Jan 1, 2001, to Dec 31, 2021, contributing to 21 336 322 person-years at risk, of whom 57 084 (3·2%) individuals had their first violent offence leading to conviction during follow-up. 10 years after their first contact with a homeless shelter, 22·9% (95% CI 21·6–24·2) of men and 7·7% (6·8–8·7) of women had committed at least one violent crime leading to conviction. The fully adjusted IRRs of a violent, Background: Homelessness is associated with adverse health and social outcomes. People experiencing homelessness have been found to have a high risk of violent crime victimisation as well as high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. It is poorly understood whether experiencing homelessness is associated with additional risks of violent offending and whether psychiatric disorders contribute to these risks. We examined the association between homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and first violence offence leading to conviction. Methods: We did a nationwide, register-based cohort study of all Danish residents who were alive at least 1 day during the study period, born between Jan 1, 1980, and Dec 31, 2006, and aged 15 years or older retrieved from the Danish Civil Registration System, which was linked to registers with information on homelessness, health care, and criminality. The exposure was any experience of homelessness, which was defined as having at least one contact with a homeless shelter during the study period. The outcome was first violent offence leading to a conviction. We calculated incidence rates per 10 000 person-years, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression analysis, and probability of conviction of a violent offence using an Aalen–Johansen estimator. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for calendar year of the study period, age, other sociodemographic factors, and psychiatric disorders. Findings: The study cohort included 1 786 433 Danish residents aged 15–42 years living in Denmark at some point from Jan 1, 2001, to Dec 31, 2021, contributing to 21 336 322 person-years at risk, of whom 57 084 (3·2%) individuals had their first violent offence leading to conviction during follow-up. 10 years after their first contact with a homeless shelter, 22·9% (95% CI 21·6–24·2) of men and 7·7% (6·8–8·7) of women had committed at least one violent crime leading to conviction. The fully adjusted IRRs of a violent offence leading to convi

Background Psychiatric disorders and homelessness are related, but temporal associations are unclear. We aimed to explore the overlap between hospital-based psychiatric disorders and sheltered homelessness. Methods This population-based cohort study was conducted using the Danish registers e.g., the Danish Homeless Register and the Danish National Patient Register. The study cohort included all individuals aged 15 years or older, living in Denmark at least one day during 2002–2021 (born 1984–2006). First psychiatric diagnosis was used to define psychiatric disorder and first homeless shelter contact to define homelessness. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and cumulative incidences were estimated. Results Among 1 530 325 individuals accounting for 16 787 562 person-years at risk aged 15–38 years, 11 433 (0.8%) had at least one homeless shelter contact. Among 1 406 410 individuals accounting for 14 131 060 person-years at risk, 210 730 had at least one psychiatric disorder. People with any psychiatric disorder had increased risk of sheltered homelessness relative to individuals with no psychiatric disorder [IRR 9.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.8–9.6]. Ten years after first psychiatric disorder, 3.0% (95% CI 2.9–3.1) had at least one homeless shelter contact. Individuals experiencing homelessness had increased risk of any psychiatric disorder compared to individuals with no homeless shelter contact (IRR 7.0, 95% CI 6.7–7.4). Ten years after first homeless shelter contact, 47.1% (45.3–48.0) had received a hospital-based psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion Strong bidirectional associations between psychiatric disorders and homelessness were identified. Health and social care professionals should be aware of and address these high risks of accumulated psychiatric and social problems., Background Psychiatric disorders and homelessness are related, but temporal associations are unclear. We aimed to explore the overlap between hospital-based psychiatric disorders and sheltered homelessness. Methods This population-based cohort study was conducted using the Danish registers e.g., the Danish Homeless Register and the Danish National Patient Register. The study cohort included all individuals aged 15 years or older, living in Denmark at least one day during 2002–2021 (born 1984–2006). First psychiatric diagnosis was used to define psychiatric disorder and first homeless shelter contact to define homelessness. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and cumulative incidences were estimated. Results Among 1 530 325 individuals accounting for 16 787 562 person-years at risk aged 15–38 years, 11 433 (0.8%) had at least one homeless shelter contact. Among 1 406 410 individuals accounting for 14 131 060 person-years at risk, 210 730 had at least one psychiatric disorder. People with any psychiatric disorder had increased risk of sheltered homelessness relative to individuals with no psychiatric disorder [IRR 9.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.8–9.6]. Ten years after first psychiatric disorder, 3.0% (95% CI 2.9–3.1) had at least one homeless shelter contact. Individuals experiencing homelessness had increased risk of any psychiatric disorder compared to individuals with no homeless shelter contact (IRR 7.0, 95% CI 6.7–7.4). Ten years after first homeless shelter contact, 47.1% (45.3–48.0) had received a hospital-based psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion Strong bidirectional associations between psychiatric disorders and homelessness were identified. Health and social care professionals should be aware of and address these high risks of accumulated psychiatric and social problems.

The leaching of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from Australian firefighting training grounds has resulted in extensive contamination of groundwater and nearby farmlands. Humans, farm animals, and wildlife in these areas may have been exposed to complex mixtures of PFASs from aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). This study aimed to identify PFAS classes in pooled whole blood (n = 4) and serum (n = 4) from cattle exposed to AFFF-impacted groundwater and potentially discover new PFASs in blood. Thirty PFASs were identified at various levels of confidence (levels 1a–5a), including three novel compounds: (i) perfluorohexanesulfonamido 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (FHxSA-HOPrA), (ii) methyl((perfluorohexyl)sulfonyl)sulfuramidous acid, and (iii) methyl((perfluorooctyl)sulfonyl)sulfuramidous acid, belonging to two different classes. Biotransformation intermediate, perfluorohexanesulfonamido propanoic acid (FHxSA-PrA), hitherto unreported in biological samples, was detected in both whole blood and serum. Furthermore, perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides, including perfluoropropane sulfonamide (FPrSA), perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA), and perfluorohexane sulfonamide (FHxSA) were predominantly detected in whole blood, suggesting that these accumulate in the cell fraction of blood. The suspect screening revealed several fluoroalkyl chain-substituted PFAS. The results suggest that targeting only the major PFASs in the plasma or serum of AFFF-exposed mammals likely underestimates the toxicological risks associated with exposure. Future studies of AFFF-exposed populations should include whole-blood analysis with high-resolution mass spectrometry to understand the true extent of PFAS exposure.

Syftet med studien var att bidra med kunskap om hur pedagogers uppfattningar kan påverka deras förhållningsätt till anmälningsplikten och orosanmälningar i förskolan. Centrala perspektiv som avsågs undersökas var vilka etiska dilemma pedagoger kan ställas inför samt pedagogers uppfattningar om vilka konsekvenser det kan få för barn som far illa utifrån ett utvecklings- och lärandeperspektiv. Detta är en kvalitativ studie där empirin samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta yrkesverksamma pedagoger. Vi har gjort en tematisk analys där vi tagit stöd i Braun och Clarkes (2006) steg för steg metod, där Katz (1960) fyra funktioner baserat på den funktionella attitydteorin låg till grund för att koda och kategorisera empirin. Studiens resultat påvisade att pedagogernas uppfattningar kring barn som far illa har en betydelse för i hur stor utsträckning orosanmälningar görs. Pedagogerna är eniga om att barns utveckling och lärande påverkas i de fall där barn far illa, vilket gör att de inte får samma möjlighet att ta till sig den undervisning som förskolan ska förmedla. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att pedagogers uppfattningar gällande anmälningsplikten och orosanmälan har en betydelse för huruvida pedagogerna orosanmäler eller inte. Det råder inga tvivel om att pedagogerna är medvetna om anmälningsplikten som lag, däremot finns det en osäkerhet gällande vart gränsen dras när en orosanmälan ska göras., Betyg i Ladok 240109.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) have not been included in the priority groups for early vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to determine adverse outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals with AUD and how this is modified by vaccination.DESIGN: Registry-based cohort study.SETTING: Denmark, 27 February 2020 until 15 October 2021.PARTICIPANTS: 2157 individuals with AUD and 237,541 without AUD who had a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study period.MEASUREMENTS: The association of AUD with the absolute and relative risk of hospitalisation, intensive care and 60-day mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection and of all-cause mortality throughout the follow-up period. Potential interactions with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, education and sex were explored in stratified analysis and tested by including interaction terms and using likelihood ratio tests.FINDINGS: Individuals with AUD had an increased absolute and relative risk of adverse outcomes including hospitalisation [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51-1.95)], intensive care [IRR, 1.47 (95%CI: 1.07-2.02)] and 60-day mortality [mortality rate ratio (MRR), 2.35 (95%CI: 1.94-2.85)] compared with SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals without AUD. Irrespective of AUD, highest risks of these adverse health outcomes were observed for individuals not vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 infection, for individuals of low educational level and in males. However, for all-cause mortality throughout the follow-up period, SARS-CoV-2 infection gave a lower relative mortality risk increase, whereas being unvaccinated gave a higher relative mortality risk increase, in individuals with AUD than in the reference population without AUD (p of interaction tests < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Both alcohol use disorder and being unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 appear to be independent risk factors for adverse health outcomes fo

Det nuvarande stadsplaneringsidealet leder till att många städer blir allt tätare och att urbana grönytor går förlorade i en accelererande takt. Förtätningen bidrar därmed till att livsviktiga ekosystemtjänster utarmas eller elimineras totalt, vilket i sin tur resulterar i ett flertal negativa konsekvenser på samhällelig nivå. Att ekosystemtjänster utarmas extensivt påverkar exempelvis den allmänna folkhälsan, den biologiska mångfalden och städers förmåga att hantera skadliga naturfenomen. Med anledning av detta är det viktigare än någonsin tidigare att medvetenheten kring ekosystemtjänster ökar, och att deras bevarande prioriteras. För att bevarandet överhuvudtaget ska vara möjligt krävs det att ekosystemtjänster kan synliggöras och identifieras på ett korrekt vis. På grund av detta är syftet med uppsatsen att undersöka och jämföra två olika analysmetoder som används för att identifiera ekosystemtjänster. Anledningen till att denna undersökning genomförs är för att ta reda på om valet av analysmetod har någon signifikant påverkan på resultatet, det vill säga om samma plats kan få varierande värden beroende på vilken analysmetod som nyttjas. Analysmetoderna som valdes för jämförelsen är Boverkets ESTER 2.0, samt Ekologigruppens EKOguide. För att kunna jämföra dessa analysverktyg applicerades de på Siegbahnsparken i centrala Uppsala, där ekosystemtjänster haft en nyckelroll i utformningen. Det kunde konstateras att båda analysverktygen har fördelar och nackdelar, samt styrkor och svagheter. Det fastställdes även att samma plats kan få varierande värden beroende på vilken analysmetod som används. Utifrån detta kunde ett flertal slutsatser dras, bland annat att det är problematiskt att analysverktygen inte producerade likvärdiga resultat eftersom detta är en förutsättning för att ekosystemtjänster ska kunna bevaras. De skilda resultaten kan även få konsekvenser för städers förmåga att uppnå FN:s globala mål på lång sikt., The current urban planning ideal causes cities to become increasingly dense and urban green spaces to be lost at an accelerating rate. Therefore, the densification contributes to the degradation or total elimination of vital ecosystem services, which in turn results in a number of negative consequences on a societal level. The extensive reduction of ecosystem services affects, for example, general public health, biological diversity, and cities ability to manage harmful natural phenomena. Due to this, it is more important than ever before that the awareness of ecosystem services increases, and that their conservation is prioritized. In order for the conservation to be possible, it is required that ecosystem services can be made visible and identified correctly. Because of this, the purpose of this paper is to examine and compare two different analysis methods used to identify ecosystem services. The reason why this subject is being examined is to determine whether the choice of analysis method has any significant influence on the result, as in, if the same location can get varying values depending on which analysis method is used. The analysis methods chosen for this comparison are Boverket’s ESTER 2.0 and Ekologigruppen’s EKOguide. In order for the comparison to be possible, the analysis methods were applied to the Siegbahns-park in central Uppsala, where ecosystem services played a key role in the design. It could be established that both analysis methods have advantages and disadvantages, as well as strengths and weaknesses. It was also determined that the same location can get varying values depending on which analysis method is used. Based on this, a number of conclusions could be drawn, including that it is problematic that the analysis methods did not produce equivalent results, since this essential for ecosystem services to be preserved. The different results can also have consequences for cities’ ability to achieve the UN:s global goals in the long term.

Hästar är sociala flockdjur och anpassade för att i det vilda leva i familjegrupper. De är även bytesdjur och har därför utvecklat ett flykt- och försvarsbeteende. Förhindrande av dessa naturliga beteenden kan resultera i stress som kan visas som beteendemässiga och fysiologiska förändringar. I dagens samhälle tvingas hästar att anpassa sig till en miljö med många olika stressorer. Olika hästar har olika stresshanteringsstilar vilka grovt kan delas in i proaktiv och reaktiv hantering. Det kan vara svårt att avgöra om en häst är stressad och upptäcks inte detta kan det leda till både välfärdsproblem och farliga situationer för häst och människa. I denna litteraturstudie sammanfattas artiklar inom området med målet att ge en bättre förståelse av hästars individuella stressrespons. Studier visar att det finns många situationer som kan orsaka stress hos hästar, exempelvis transport, veterinärbesök och ridning. Vilka beteenden som uppvisas skiljer sig åt mellan olika individer och även olika fysiologiska variabler varierar individuellt. Mer forskning och kunskap krävs för att kunna upptäcka beteendemässiga förändringar i god tid och därmed kunna minimera hästars välfärdsproblem och minska skaderisker för häst och människa., Horses are social herd animals and are adapted to live in family groups in the wild. They are also prey animals and have therefore developed a flight and fight response. Prevention of these natural behaviours can result in stress further resulting in behavioural and physiological changes. In today's society, horses are forced to adapt to an environment with many different stressors. Different horses have different stress coping styles which can be roughly divided into proactive and reactive coping. It may be difficult to determine if a horse is stressed and if not detected, it can lead to both welfare problems and dangerous situations for horse and human. In this literature study articles in the field are summarized with the aim to provide a better understanding of horses' individual stress responses. Studies show that there are many situations that can cause stress in horses, such as transport, veterinary visits and riding. Which behaviours are exhibited differ between different individuals and in addition, physiological changes are also individual. However, more research and knowledge are required to be able to detect behavioural changes and thus be able to minimize horses' welfare problems and reduce the risk of injury to horse and human.

Background Research has linked homelessness with an increased risk of skin conditions. However, representative studies of diagnosis-specific information on skin conditions in people experiencing homelessness are lacking. Objectives To examine the association between homelessness and diagnosed skin conditions, prescribed medication and type of consultation. Methods This cohort study included data from the Danish nationwide health, social and administrative registers from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2018. All people of Danish origin living in Denmark and aged at least 15 years at some point during the study period were included. Homelessness, measured by homeless shelter contacts, was the exposure. The outcome was any diagnosis of a skin disorder and specific skin disorders recorded in the Danish National Patient Register. Information on diagnostic consultation type (i.e. dermatological, nondermatological and emergency room) and dermatological prescriptions was studied. We estimated adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) (adjusted for sex, age and calendar year) and cumulative incidence. Results In total, 5 054 238 individuals (50.6% female) were included in the study population, accounting for 73 477 258 person-years at risk, with a start mean (SD) age of 39.4 (21.1) years. Of the total number of individuals, 759 991 (15.0%) received a skin diagnosis and 38 071 (0.7%) experienced homelessness. A 2.31-times [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25–2.36] higher IRR of any diagnosed skin condition was associated with homelessness, higher for nondermatological and emergency room consultations. Homelessness was associated with a reduced IRR of a skin neoplasm diagnosis (aIRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71–8.82) compared with no homelessness. By the end of follow-up, 2.8% (95% CI 2.5–3.0) of individuals experiencing homelessness had a skin neoplasm diagnosis vs. 5.1% (95% CI 4.9–5.3) of individuals not experiencing homelessness. Five or more shelter, Background Research has linked homelessness with an increased risk of skin conditions. However, representative studies of diagnosis-specific information on skin conditions in people experiencing homelessness are lacking.Objectives To examine the association between homelessness and diagnosed skin conditions, prescribed medication and type of consultation.Methods This cohort study included data from the Danish nationwide health, social and administrative registers from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2018. All people of Danish origin living in Denmark and aged at least 15 years at some point during the study period were included. Homelessness, measured by homeless shelter contacts, was the exposure. The outcome was any diagnosis of a skin disorder and specific skin disorders recorded in the Danish National Patient Register. Information on diagnostic consultation type (i.e. dermatological, nondermatological and emergency room) and dermatological prescriptions was studied. We estimated adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) (adjusted for sex, age and calendar year) and cumulative incidence.Results In total, 5 054 238 individuals (50.6% female) were included in the study population, accounting for 73 477 258 person-years at risk, with a start mean (SD) age of 39.4 (21.1) years. Of the total number of individuals, 759 991 (15.0%) received a skin diagnosis and 38 071 (0.7%) experienced homelessness. A 2.31-times [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25-2.36] higher IRR of any diagnosed skin condition was associated with homelessness, higher for nondermatological and emergency room consultations. Homelessness was associated with a reduced IRR of a skin neoplasm diagnosis (aIRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71-8.82) compared with no homelessness. By the end of follow-up, 2.8% (95% CI 2.5-3.0) of individuals experiencing homelessness had a skin neoplasm diagnosis vs. 5.1% (95% CI 4.9-5.3) of individuals not experiencing homelessness. Five or more shelter contacts during the first year from first

IMPORTANCE The OPUS 20-year follow-up is the longest follow-up of a randomized clinical trial testing early intervention services (EIS) among individuals with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. OBJECTIVE To report on long-term associations of EIS compared with treatment as usual (TAU) for first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 547 individuals were included in this Danish multicenter randomized clinical trial between January 1998 and December 2000 and allocated to early intervention program group (OPUS) or TAU. Raters who were blinded to the original treatment performed the 20-year follow-up. A population-based sample aged 18 to 45 years with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder were included. Individuals were excluded if they were treated with antipsychotics (> 12 weeks prior to randomization), had substance-induced psychosis, had mental disability, or had organic mental disorders. Analysis took place between December 2021 and August 2022.INTERVENTIONS EIS (OPUS) consisted of 2 years of assertive community treatment including social skill training, psychoeducation, and family involvement by a multidisciplinary team. TAU consisted of the available community mental health treatment.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Psychopathological and functional outcomes, mortality, days of psychiatric hospitalizations, number of psychiatric outpatient contacts, use of supported housing/homeless shelters, symptom remission, and clinical recovery.RESULTS Of 547 participants, 164 (30%) were interviewed at 20-year follow-up (mean [SD] age, 45.9 [5.6] years; 85 [51.8%] female). No significant differences were found between the OPUS group compared with the TAU group on global functional levels (estimated mean difference, -3.72 [95% CI, -7.67 to 0.22]; P = .06), psychotic symptom dimensions (estimated mean difference, 0.14 [95% CI, -0.25 to 0.52]; P = .48), and negative symptom dimensions (estimated mean difference

BACKGROUND: Case studies have linked SARS-CoV-2 infection to suicidal behaviour. However, conclusive evidence is lacking.AIMS: To examine whether a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or SARS-CoV-2-related hospital admission was associated with self-harm in the general population and in high-risk groups.METHOD: A cohort design was applied to nationwide data on all people aged ≥15 years and living in Denmark between 27 February 2020 and 15 October 2021. Exposure was identified as having had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, and further assessed as SARS-CoV-2-related hospital admission. Rates of probable self-harm were examined using adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs). The following subgroups were identified: (a) lower educational level, (b) chronic medical conditions, (c) disability pension, (d) mental disorders, (e) substance use disorders, and history of (f) homelessness and (g) imprisonment.RESULTS: Among 4 412 248 included individuals, 260 663 (5.9%) had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Out of 5453 individuals presenting with self-harm, 131 (2.4%) had been infected. Individuals with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result had an aIRR for self-harm of 0.86 (95% CI 0.72-1.03) compared with those without. High rates were found after a SARS-CoV-2-related hospital admission (aIRR = 7.68; 95% CI 5.61-10.51) or a non-SARS-CoV-2-related admission (aIRR = 10.27; 95% CI 9.65-10.93) versus non-infected and not admitted. In sensitivity analyses with a more restrictive definition of self-harm, a positive PCR test was associated with lower rates of self-harm.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection did not have higher rates of self-harm than those without. Hospital admission in general, rather than being SARS-CoV-2 positive. seemed to be linked to elevated rates of self-harm.

Background Transitional periods between and across services have been linked to homelessness. We aimed to investigate the association of previous history of homelessness and psychiatric disorders with risk of homelessness after release from prison. Additionally, we examined the association between homelessness after release and risk of recidivism. Methods We did a nationwide, register-based cohort study of people aged 15 years or older who were released from prison for the first time in Denmark between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2021. We obtained data using the Danish Civil Registration System with data linked across other registries (the Danish Central Criminal Register, the Danish Homeless Register, the Danish National Patient Register, and the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register) on release date, homeless shelter contacts, psychiatric disorders, and new convictions. Outcomes were homelessness after release from prison, defined as first homeless shelter contact following release from first imprisonment, and recidivism within 2 years of release, defined as the first police-recorded criminal conviction after prison release. We calculated incidence rates per 1000 person-years, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression analysis, and probability of homelessness and recidivism after release. Sex, age, calendar year, country of origin, highest educational level, relationship status, and length of index imprisonment were included as confounders. Findings The study cohort included 37 382 individuals (34 792 males [93·1%] and 2590 females [6·9%]) aged 15–41 years, who were released from prison between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2021, contributing 202 197 person-years at risk. Mean follow-up duration was 5·4 person-years (SD 5·6). Overall, 1843 (4·9%) of 37 382 individuals became homeless. 1 year after release from prison, 788 (2·1%) of 37 382 individuals had at least one homeless shelter contact, and among 1761 individuals with, Background: Transitional periods between and across services have been linked to homelessness. We aimed to investigate the association of previous history of homelessness and psychiatric disorders with risk of homelessness after release from prison. Additionally, we examined the association between homelessness after release and risk of recidivism. Methods: We did a nationwide, register-based cohort study of people aged 15 years or older who were released from prison for the first time in Denmark between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2021. We obtained data using the Danish Civil Registration System with data linked across other registries (the Danish Central Criminal Register, the Danish Homeless Register, the Danish National Patient Register, and the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register) on release date, homeless shelter contacts, psychiatric disorders, and new convictions. Outcomes were homelessness after release from prison, defined as first homeless shelter contact following release from first imprisonment, and recidivism within 2 years of release, defined as the first police-recorded criminal conviction after prison release. We calculated incidence rates per 1000 person-years, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression analysis, and probability of homelessness and recidivism after release. Sex, age, calendar year, country of origin, highest educational level, relationship status, and length of index imprisonment were included as confounders. Findings: The study cohort included 37 382 individuals (34 792 males [93·1%] and 2590 females [6·9%]) aged 15–41 years, who were released from prison between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2021, contributing 202 197 person-years at risk. Mean follow-up duration was 5·4 person-years (SD 5·6). Overall, 1843 (4·9%) of 37 382 individuals became homeless. 1 year after release from prison, 788 (2·1%) of 37 382 individuals had at least one homeless shelter contact, and among 1761 individuals with previous history of hom