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Water resources as an integral part of the human-water system have been increasingly challenged due to the pressures from rapid urbanization, competing demands and increasing extreme weather events. Domestic water supply is among the most essential water uses. Despite the system dynamics of regional and urban water management being complex and continuously evolving due to changing climate and socioeconomics, models can help to evaluate our current understanding of long-term processes in this system and simulate possible future system states. This paper outlines the applications of a previously developed socio-hydrological model to explore the coevolutionary system’s behavior of domestic water supply and socioeconomic interactions in fast-growing urban regions. Human feedback, which incorporates the response to water scarcity and environmental damage, was regarded using a social memory concept. Our main objective is to explore the drivers for development of regional water transfer and assess the impact of environmental sensitivity to groundwater depletion on the supply-demand subsystem. This process of linking regional water resources and social interactions manifests itself in proof‐of‐concept applications for urban case studies. We also discuss some challenges and potentials of the approach. The results indicate it can be used as an exploratory tool to capture the influences of parameters on long-term trends of domestic water and develop future scenarios. Nevertheless, due to the specific boundary conditions and system properties of only a few individual case studies, the results can hardly be generalized or transferred to other systems, specifically for the economy of water supply companies, such as water prices., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Operational environmental management of European landscapes requires geographical information which is valid and coherent across national borders and only takes natural boundaries as criteria for ordering. However, when combining GIS data from different countries, national borders appear as artificial breaks in many medium- and large-scale thematic GIS, for example, topographical, geological or soil information systems. Inconsistencies in GIS data can be categorised into three types: (1) country specific deviations, (2) inconsistencies due to different data surveying and management procedures and (3) errors. Some of the inconsistencies, such as national attribute names, can be ruled out by simple modifications of the data models without changing the structure of the national databases themselves. Others, such as soil typologies, have to be addressed by intensified co-operation between national authorities. It is concluded that for practical and financial reasons, pragmatic solutions are required in order to integrate national data into a European framework.

Automatic classification of musical instruments is an important task for music transcription as well as for professionals such as audio designers, engineers and musicians. Unfortunately, only a limited amount of effort has been conducted to automatically classify percussion instrument in the last years. The studies that deal with percussion sounds are usually restricted to distinguish among the instruments in the drum kit such as toms vs. snare drum vs. bass drum vs. cymbals. In this paper, we are interested in a more challenging task of discriminating sounds produced by the same percussion instrument. Specifically, sounds from different drums cymbals types. Cymbals are known to have indefinite pitch, nonlinear and chaotic behavior. We also identify how the sound of a specific cymbal was produced (e.g., roll or choke movements performed by a drummer). We achieve an accuracy of 96.59% for cymbal type classification and 91.54% in a classification problem with 12 classes which represent the cymbal type and the manner or region that the cymbals are struck. Both results were obtained with Support Vector Machine algorithm using the Line Spectral Frequencies as audio descriptor. We believe that our results can be useful for a more detailed automatic drum transcription and for other related applications as well for audio professionals.

Neste trabalho, foram determinados os lipídios totais e a composição de ácidos graxos da cabeça in natura de três espécies de peixes do gênero Brycon, matrinxã (B. cephalus), piraputanga (B. microlepis) e piracanjuba (B. orbignyanus), criados em cativeiros (açudes e gaiolas) e, nativos coletados nos rios Cuiabá-Manso (piraputanga) e no rio Paraná (piracanjuba). Os teores de lipídios totais nas cabeças variaram de 14,26 a 22,00%. Com relação aos ácidos graxos, todas as espécies apresentaram como predominantes os ácidos oléico-C18:1ômega9 (40,21 a 44,41%), seguido dos ácidos palmítico-C16:0 (22,04 a 27,04%), esteárico-C18:0 (7,78 a 12,11%) e linoléico-18:2ômega6 (5,27 a 14,68%). O percentual dos ácidos alfa-linolênico (18:3ômega3), araquidônico (20:4ômega6), eicosapentaenóico (20:5ômega3) e docosahexaenóico (22:6ômega3) foram inferiores a 2,52%. A somatória dos ácidos graxos polinsaturados (AGPI) variou de 10,30 a 19,32%, e dos ácidos graxos saturados (AGS) de 32,42 a 39,41%. A espécie piraputanga nativa apresentou maior proporção de ácidos ômega3 (3,67%) e menor de ácidos ômega6 (6,02%).This study was developed for evaluating the total lipid and fatty acid composition of in natura heads of Brazilian fishes. Brycon cephalus (matrinxã), B. microlepis (piraputanga) and B. orbignyanus (piracanjuba) were cultivated in fish farms (ponds and cages) and wild species were collected in Cuiabá-Manso river (B. microlepis) and in Paraná river (B. orbignyanus). The total lipid content of the head varied widely among the species (14.26 to 22.00%). In relation of fatty acid composition, all species presented the oleic acid, C18:1omega9, as the predominant acid (40.21 to 44.41%), followed by the palmitic acid-C16:0 (22.04 to 27.04%), stearic acid-C18:0 (7.78 to 12.11%) and linoleic acid-C18:2omega6 (5.27 to 14.68%). The levels of alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3omega3), arachidonic acid (C20:4omega6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5omega3) and docosahexaenoic acid C22:6omega3 were lower than 2.52%. The sum of all polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) varied from 10.30 to 19.32%, and the saturated fatty acids (SFA) from 32.42 to 39.41%. The wild specie B. microlepis (piraputanga) showed the highest amount of the omega-3 (3.67%) and the lowest amount of the omega-6 (6.02%) fatty acids.

Oil from perilla (Perilla frutescens) was extracted using subcritical n-propane and also the Soxhlet official methodology, for comparison. This work aimed at assessing the influence of the temperature and pressure factors on the composition of fatty acids (FA), using a full 22 completo em triplicata com ponto central. Ambos os fatores analisados contribuíram significativamente para o rendimento dos FA extraídos. As superfícies de resposta indicaram que o aumento da pressão e temperatura permitiu maior extração de ácidos graxos omega-3 e poli‑insaturados (PUFA), e uma melhor razão entre PUFA e ácido graxos saturados (SFA). Através da função de desejabilidade, a melhor condição de extração com n-propano foi temperatura de 80 °C e pressão de 8 MPa. A análise multivariada distinguiu a condição ótima no grupo de maior conteúdo de PUFA, com destaque para o ácido alfa-linolênico, enquanto a metodologia de Soxhlet caracterizou-se com elevado teor de SFA. O óleo de perilla (Perilla frutescens) foi extraído utilizando n-propano subcrítico e também pela metodologia oficial de Soxhlet, para efeito de comparação. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos fatores temperatura e pressão sobre a composição dos ácidos graxos (FA), através de um fatorial 22 completo em triplicata com ponto central. Ambos os fatores analisados contribuíram significativamente para o rendimento dos FA extraídos. As superfícies de resposta indicaram que o aumento da pressão e temperatura permitiu maior extração de ácidos graxos omega-3 e poli‑insaturados (PUFA), e uma melhor razão entre PUFA e ácido graxos saturados (SFA). Através da função de desejabilidade, a melhor condição de extração com n-propano foi temperatura de 80 °C e pressão de 8 MPa. A análise multivariada distinguiu a condição ótima no grupo de maior conteúdo de PUFA, com destaque para o ácido alfa-linolênico, enquanto a metodologia de Soxhlet caracterizou-se com elevado teor de SFA.

Hamburger is a meat-based food that is easy to prepare and is widely consumed. It can be enriched using different ingredients, such as chia's by-product, which is rich in omega-3. Chemometrics is a very interesting tool to assess the influence of ingredients in the composition of foods. A complete factorial design 2(2) (two factors in two levels) with duplicate was performed to investigate the influence of the factors (1) concentration of textured soy proteins (TSP) and (2) concentration of chia flour partially defatted (CFPD) as a partial replacement for the bovine meat and porcine fat mix in hamburgers.The results of proximal composition, lipid oxidation, fatty acids sums, ratios, and nutritional indexes were used to propose statistical models. The factors TSP and CFPD were significant, and the increased values contributed to improve the composition in fatty acids, crude protein, and ash. Principal components analysis distinguished the samples with a higher content of chia. In desirability analysis, the highest level of TSP and CFPD was described as the optimal region, and it was not necessary to make another experimental point.The addition of chia's by-product is an alternative to increase the α-linolenic contents and to obtain nutritionally balanced food.

AIM: The fixed combination of Beclomethasone (BDP) and Formoterol pMDI (Foster®, Chiesi Farmaceutici) is being developed in the lower strength (BDP/Formoterol: 50/6μg) to provide an appropriate dosage in children with asthma. The aim of this work was to investigate the systemic bioavailability of B17MP (active metabolite of BDP) and Formoterol after single inhalation of Foster® pMDI 50/6μg vs. the free combination of BDP and Formoterol pMDIs in asthmatic children. METHODS: 5-11-year-old children inhaled BDP 200μg and Formoterol 24μg as fixed vs. free combination in an open label, randomized, 2-way crossover single dose study. Blood was collected pre-dose up to 8h post-dose for pharmacokinetic evaluation (AUC(0-t) , AUC(0-∞) , AUC(0-0.5h) , C(max) , t(max) , t(1/2) ). Pharmacodynamics included heart rate, plasma potassium, urinary glucose and cortisol excretion. Peak expiratory flow and adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: 20 subjects were evaluable. The systemic exposure of B17MP and Formoterol administered as fixed combination did not exceed the free combination: B17MP AUC(0-t) (hours(2) pg/mL) ratio Test/Reference [90% CI], 0.81 [0.697-0.948] and Formoterol AUC(0-t) (hours(2) pg/mL) ratio Test/Reference 0.97 [0.85-1.10]. All pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic endpoints showed non-superiority in favour of the Test drug. One adverse event (vertigo) occurred but was not considered treatment-related. CONCLUSION: BDP and Formoterol pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects are non-superior after administration of the two actives as fixed vs. the free combination in 5-11-year-old asthmatic children.

Usualmente, um dos processos mais utilizados para fabricação de componentes em termoplásticos estruturais é a moldagem por compressão a quente, porém restringindo-se na obtenção de peças de pequeno e médio porte. Tal restrição deve-se à limitação do tamanho das prensas utilizadas, principalmente pelo custo envolvido. Procurando ampliar a aplicação de compósitos termoplásticos, possibilitando a fabricação de peças maiores e com maior potencial de integração, pelo uso de infra-estrutura já disponível em processadores de compósitos, este trabalho aborda o processamento de laminados de poli(sulfeto de fenileno) (PPS) reforçado com fibra de carbono em autoclave, pelo uso de quatro diferentes ciclos de consolidação. Os laminados obtidos foram caracterizados por inspeção por ultrassom, análises de DSC para a determinação da cristalinidade e avaliação das propriedades mecânicas em flexão, compressão e cisalhamento interlaminar. Os resultados mostram que laminados obtidos com taxas de resfriamento mais lentas apresentam menor resistência e módulo em compressão, uma vez que o maior grau de cristalinidade (~30%) promove maior fragilização da matriz polimérica. One of the most used processes to obtain structural thermoplastic parts is the hot compression molding, which is limited to small and medium size parts because of the size of the press used, mainly related to its cost. This has hampered a wide use of thermoplastic composites in structural applications. In order to extend the application of thermoplastic composites, but still using available infrastructure in composite manufacturers, in this work we investigate the processing of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) in an autoclave, using four consolidation cycles. The processed laminates were characterized by ultrasound inspection, DSC analyses for the crystallinity determination and mechanical tests to evaluate the compression, flexure and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The results show that the laminates obtained under the lowest cooling rate exhibited the lowest compressive strength and modulus, because of the higher crystallinity degree (~30%) that turns the matrix more brittle.