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This study presents a design of a quintessential hybrid body aircraft, a blended NACA 4414 airfoil winged body. The Design of Elements approach, via Response Surface Methodology (RSM), is used to evaluate the influence of frontal area, chamber angle and materials on the drag coefficient. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is carried out to find the influences of the same. In order to minimize the simulations, a model in RSM, Central Composite Design (CCD) is used. The results of the same are verified via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Moreover, combinations of shape memory polymers with composites and graphene nano powder are proposed, for light-weighting and enhanced mechanical properties. A comparison of said materials with commercially used aluminum alloys is done. It is found that the lowest drag coefficient is achievable at a frontal area of 1625 m2 with an angle of attack of -10o and with a material combination of carbon fiber reinforced polymer, glass fiber reinforced polymer, and 10% graphene nano powder by weight.

Aluminium can benefit from the high-speed forming technique known as electromagnetic forming (EMF). EMF is increasingly used in automotive applications as a result of this capability. This technology depends on Lorentz force (Magnetic force) in the practical forming application which relies on different process parameters like forming a coil. A finite element model for the EMF process is built and studied in this work using the finite element analysis software ANSYS 2022 R1. The affecting process parameters are investigated using the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the DOE approach is used by taking process parameters such as coil size, gap, and current density into account. The number of experiments is reduced by using Central Composite Design (CCD), an RSM model. To determine the optimal level of parameters, a magnetic force optimization study is carried out. The parameters of the EMF process (e.g., magnetic force) are investigated through a developed 2D finite element model and validated with available literature.

Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a kind of high-speed forming technology that can be useful for materials like aluminum. EMF helps to overcome the limitations of traditional forming. Due to this ability, the use of EMF in automotive applications has risen in recent years. The application of finite element software packages such as ANSYS 22 gives numerical modelling capabilities to simulate the EMF process and to design the forming process. Hence, the aim of this research work is to build and study the three-dimensional finite element model for the electromagnetic forming process and analyze the geometric parameters influencing the deformation of the perforated sheet with a design of experiments (DOE) approach. The finite element simulation is used in two stages. In the first stage, the electromagnetic force or Lorentz force striking the workpiece (i.e., Al sheet) is predicted using the ANSYS 22 Emag module. In the second stage, the predicted Lorentz force is then applied on an Al sheet to calculate the sheet deformation. The deformation of the sheet is predicted for different combinations of the geometric parameters of the sheet, such as open area percentage, ligament ratio (LR) and size of the hole, using ANSYS 22 Structural. In the DOE, response surface methodology (RSM) is used by considering the geometric parameters of perforated sheet such as open area percentage, ligament ratio (LR) and size of the hole. To minimize the number of experiments, an RSM model named central composite design (CCD) is employed. Further, the optimization study finds that the maximum deformation 0.0435 mm is calculated for the optimized combination of 25% open area, 0.14 LR and 4 mm hole size.