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Objective: The study aims to understand the effect of new antibiotic-substituting supplements in feeding chickens of the Hisex Brown cross in industrial conditions., Materials and Methods: A total of 216 hatched chicks were randomly selected and distributed into Control, Test I, and Test II groups, with 3 replicates of 24 birds in three treatments., Results: At the end of the experiment, BW of T1/T2 birds was higher by 6.12% ( p <0.01) and 10.29% ( p < 0.001) than CON. In comparison with the control hens, T1/T2 birds had a higher feed conversion rate and digestibility of nutrients. The blood indicators of T1/T2 hens exceeded those in control. Prebiotic supplementations were positively influenced in the immune indices of birds. IgA, IgG, IgM increased in groups T1/T2. Similar regularity was found in the natural resistance of chicks fed S1/S2. In the caecum, the Lactobacilli number was higher than in CON by 17.03% ( p < 0.01) in T1 and by 18.47% ( p < 0.01)-in T2; Bifidobacteria -by 17.94 ( p < 0.001) and 19.09% ( p < 0.01), respectively; at the same time, the number of E. coli decreased by 21.05% ( p < 0.01) and 24.21% ( p < 0.01). The concentration of emitted excreta noxious gases decreased: ammonia by 22.40%-24.95% ( p < 0.01); hydrogen sulfide by 10.67%-16.00% ( p < 0.01); and mercaptans by 12.90%-17.74% ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: These findings support the use of lactulose-based supplements as antibiotic alternatives to improve production in poultry farming and to reduce the toxic load on the environment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© The authors.)

The paper gives the data of a study evaluating the autonomic nervous system in 645 gymnasia and school pupils exposed to different anthropogenic loads of K(total) 25.81 and 22.74 units and to the complex influence of intraschooling environmental factors of a gymnasia and a school. The studies have established that multicomponent influence of poor factors of the educational space and the environment is much more responsible for the functional status of the autonomic nervous system of gymnasia pupils than that of schoolchildren, which leads to disorganization of intra- and intersystemic effector interactions and appears as excess autonomic provision.

The functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils was studied by their main functional and metabolic parameters. The group of chronic brucellosis patients under study included 32 patients. The control group consisted of 35 practically healthy donors. The complex of methods, used for the evaluation of the functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophil leukocytes, included the determination of adhesion, activity of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction, enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase, the level of cation protein and the production of active forms of oxygen (AFO) by these cells. Chronic brucellosis patients were found to have disturbances in the adhesive capacity of phagocytizing cells and the production of highly bactericidal AFO. These disturbances in the activity of phagocytizing cells may be one of the mechanisms contributing to incomplete phagocytosis in chronic brucellosis in humans.

In four series of experiments human peripheral blood neutrophils were found capable of synthetizing the active forms of such enzymes as myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase after stimulation with opsonized zymosan, and the optimum conditions for testing the synthetizing activity of neutrophils were established. The examination of 39 practically healthy donors revealed an approximate equilibrium between the synthesis of the active forms of the enzyme and its excretion from the cell after this cell was activated. Considerable changes in the enzymatic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils were found in patients with yersiniosis, chronic herpes, chronic bronchitis and AIDS-associated complex. The possibility of a deficient enzymatic activity in some patients was suggested.

Oxygen-dependent metabolism of peripheral neutrophils was compared for viral hepatitis and acute yersiniosis patients. The metabolism inhibition was seen in both the diseases with lower values for viral hepatitis. Neutrophil function was dependent on the disease gravity. Its recovery went in parallel with other clinical and laboratory signs of convalescence. A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence test is proposed for differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis with jaundices in generalized bacterial infection.