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The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of okra extract supplementation on kidney function, glycaemic control, inflammation and gene expression in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). A total of sixty-four DN patients based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in this triple-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated to receive a 125-mg capsule of dried okra extract (DOE) (n 32) or placebo (n 32) for 10 weeks. At the baseline and endpoint of the trial, kidney function, glycaemic indices, inflammation and gene expression were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed that fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance significantly reduced in the DOE group although between-group analysis did not show any significant difference. Also, no significant difference was observed in urine protein, urine creatinine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the two groups. Furthermore, gene expression of PPAR- α , PPAR- γ , transforming growth factor-beta and Nrf-2 did not affect the end of the trial in comparison with the baseline. According to the present study, DOE did not have impressive effects on kidney function, inflammation, glycaemic management and gene expression in patients with DN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effect of Bacillus Coagulans symbiotic supplementation on metabolic factors and inflammation in patients with type-2 diabetes. In this clinical trial, 50 patients with type-2 diabetes were randomly assigned to the symbiotic (containing Bacillus Coagulans + Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Lactobacillus acidophilus and fructooligosaccharide) or placebo groups to receive one sachet daily for 12 weeks. Glycaemic Index, lipid profile, and hs-CRP were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-β) (p <.05) and hs-CRP (p <.05) significantly declined in the treatment group compared with the placebo group. So, the current study indicated that Bacillus Coagulans symbiotic supplementation could improve metabolic factors and inflammation in patients with type-2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is recognised as a significant public health burden worldwide. Recently the cross-talk between gut microbiota and obesity has attracted much attention. To that end, Akkermansia muciniphila has been proposed as a promising microbe to manage obesity. In the present systematic review, we evaluated evidence on the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation in the management of obesity. Electronic databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched thought March 2020 to identify relevant published articles, and eligible articles were systematically reviewed. Fifteen studies were included in the present study. Findings from the present review, which included human and animal (rodent) models support the effectiveness of Akkermansia supplementation as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of obesity and metabolic complications associated with obesity. However, future clinical trials are warranted to verify these outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate the effect of Cuminum Cyminum (CC) supplementation on lipid profile and selected anthropometric parameters. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were systematically searched until May 2021. The random‐effect model was used to study the effect sizes. The sources of heterogeneity were assessed using subgroup analysis and meta‐regression. Publication bias was studied by funnel plots. The GRADE approach was used to assess the overall quality of the evidence.The data from our eight included studies have indicated that CC supplementation can lower body mass index (BMI) (WMD = −0.88 kg/m2; 95%CI: −1.58, −0.18; p =.023) and total cholesterol (TC) (WMD = −3.96 mg/dl; 95%CI: −6.51, −1.04; p=.008). Also, after adjusting for publication bias, CC was shown to be effective in improving waist circumference (WC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐C), and triglycerides (TG) levels. Although, the current evidence has not shown that CC supplementation can affect low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C), our subgroup analysis has indicated that CC supplementation with supplementation length of more than 8 weeks is associated with beneficial effects on LDL‐C.While CC might be a suitable choice in managing BMI and TC, further high‐quality studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most frequent malignancy. Infections with the human papillomavirus have a crucial role in the Pathology of CC. The association of nutrient and dietary pattern with CC have been reported in few studies. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and CC situations in the Iranian population. Method: This is a case-control study in which totally 260 controls and 132 patients aged 30-79 were included as control, and case groups. Dietary data were evaluated by 147-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between dietary patterns and risk of cervical cancer. Results: Statistical analysis investigated two dietary patterns (healthy and unhealthy). Two dietary patterns covered 17.76% of total variance of dietary intake. Higher adherence of the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with increased risk of CC (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.77-4.24); however, there was no association between healthy dietary pattern and CC (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 0.90-3.20). Conclusion: Our results indicate that unhealthy dietary pattern is significantly associated with CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Grape seed extract (GSE) is a natural supplement known for its various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GSE supplementation on inflammatory markers, neuropeptide Y, anthropometric measurements, and appetite in obese or overweight individuals.Methods and Materials: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed on 40 obese or overweight subjects who were randomly assigned to receive GSE (300 mg/day) or placebo for a period of 12-weeks. Both groups were under a restricted calorie diet (RCD)(~250 kcal lower than the estimated energy requirement). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical biomarkers and dietary intakes were determined during the study period.Results: The reductions of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio were significantly higher in the GSE group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.045, 0.033, 0.029, and 0.021, respectively). Lower levels of neuropeptide Y, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were observed in the GSE group in comparison with the placebo group (P = 0.041, 0.001, and 0.034, respectively).Conclusion: GSE supplement with a RCD has favorable effects in reducing anthropometric measurements and inflammatory markers in obese or overweight individuals, and may play an effective role in the treatment of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common diseases diagnosed in women of childbearing age which is associated with increased risk of metabolic complications, including cardiovascular disease. Increasing C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory factor is common in these patients. In addition, vitamin D deficiency is quite common among females with PCOS. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of CRP levels with vitamin D and metabolic factors in Non-obese Patients with PCOS. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done on 100 non-obese 20-40 years old females (BMI<30) who were diagnosed with PCOS. Based on CRP levels, the females are categorized in two groups (normal CRP<0.8 mg/dl). The serum levels of HOMA-IRC, FBS, HDL-C, LDL-CHL, Vitamin D and CRP of participants in the study were measured. Then, collected data was analyzed through the SPSS Software (version. 23). In all analysis, the p-value is presumed to be less than 0.05. Results: The mean age of patients was 27.11±6.25. Patients in high CRP group, had significantly lower levels of HDL-C and higher Triglyceride (TG) compared to controls. In addition, the increase in CRP was associated with vitamin D deficiency. This was while no significant difference between the two groups of patients were observed in terms of insulin resistance. Conclusions: The findings of present study suggest that higher CRP levels are positively correlated with vitamin D and HDL-C deficiency as well as an increased TG levels in non-obese females with PCOS. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how vitamin D deficiency can contribute to inflammatory and metabolic responses in patients with PCOS. A future study could assess the long-term implications of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation and metabolic outcome of patients with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dyslipidemia is an important and common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and increases the risk of mortality. Green coffee extract (GCE) contains bioactive polyphenols, especially Chlorogenic acid (CGA), that due to the antioxidant characteristic, have a desirable effect on metabolic factors. This review conducted to focus on the effect of GCE on lipid profiles. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and web of science were searched until November 2019. All clinical studies and in-vivo studies that provide sufficient information about outcomes include to this review. Results: Out of 3270 studies obtained in our searching, only 32 articles were eligible for analysis. Five double-blind, randomized clinical trial studies, two Cross-over studies, one Quasiexperimental study, and twenty animal studies were included in this systematic review--all articles evaluated according to the checklist of aim and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Generally, the results of the included studies showed there is controversy about the effect of GCE and CGA on lipid profile improvement. Conclusions: Although, a higher dosage of GCE and administration of CGA with longer duration leads to better results. However, investigating the effectiveness and safety dosage as a lipidlowering agent needs further studies with differential dosage and periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]