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Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Kunststoffpartikeln aus einer Flüssigkeit oder einem heterogenen Gemisch, das eine Flüssigkeit enthält oder mit einer Flüssigkeit in Kontakt gebracht wird. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass (a) die Kunststoffpartikel einem Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden; (b) an der Oberfläche eines Sammlers Kunststoffpartikel adsorbiert werden; und (c) an der Oberfläche des Sammlers adsorbierte Kunststoffpartikel abgeführt werden.

The municipal wastewater collection system is recognized as an initial point of interaction between microplastics (MPs) and the urban wastewater matrix. The raw wastewater contains a wide variety of organic and inorganic substances including chemicals and heavy metals. However, the fate of MPs in urban sewer systems is not yet well understood. In this work two types of virgin polypropylene (PP) samples, isotactic (iPP) and atactic (aPP), were exposed to two synthetic wastewater solutions in order to study their effects on the physical properties of the hydrophobic polymer surfaces. Particular attention was paid to the pollution adhesion at the air-liquid-solid interfaces of the surface air pockets entrapped on the polymer surfaces. The first wastewater solution consists of mixed fat, oil and grease (FOG) - surfactant and another which is an exclusively contained wastewater surfactant. The interaction experiment over a period of 10 min between the polymer’s air pocket and solutions indicated that the size of the bubble in the mixed FOG-surfactant solution increased more pronouncedly for iPP (%152) in contrast to aPP (%31) and was also compared with the greater surface roughness of the polymers. The size variation of the spherical cap on the immersed polymer surfaces were measured between 17 µm and 85 µm using image processing techniques while the data was analyzed by the Young-Laplace equation. The corresponding technical surface roughness of the polymers, the surface tension of the liquids and their air/water contact angle on the flat polymer surfaces were also measured. The results of this study indicated that surface air pockets influence the adsorption capacity of MPs and thus their buoyancy and contamination potential.

This work focuses on the analysis of the collection process in flotation by a simultaneous time-resolved measurement of particle and bubble trajectories. We introduced a new method that determined the probability of collision and attachment by a 3D particle tracking method with high temporal (1000 fps) and spatial (0.03 mm/pixel) resolution in the dense particle flow (5000 particles/ml). A tomographic particle image velocimetry device with three high-speed cameras recorded the three-phase flow in a rectangular bubble column (bubble chain). Particles made of fluorescent polystyrene were employed so that particles appeared bright and bubbles dark on the captured images. An attachment occurred if the trajectory of a particle coincided with that of a bubble. The recovery was calculated based on the number of particles attached to a bubble compared to the total particles density. With this method, the true flotation depending on the particle diameter (30 µm - 100 µm) was investigated and compared the results with an existing model of the bubble-particle collection microprocess.

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have so far identified 56 loci associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Many CAD loci show pleiotropy; that is, they are also associated with other diseases or traits. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to systematically test if genetic variants identified for non-CAD diseases/traits also associate with CAD and to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the extent of pleiotropy of all CAD loci. METHODS: In discovery analyses involving 42,335 CAD cases and 78,240 control subjects we tested the association of 29,383 common (minor allele frequency >5%) single nucleotide polymorphisms available on the exome array, which included a substantial proportion of known or suspected single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with common diseases or traits as of 2011. Suggestive association signals were replicated in an additional 30,533 cases and 42,530 control subjects. To evaluate pleiotropy, we tested CAD loci for association with cardiovascular risk factors (lipid traits, blood pressure phenotypes, body mass index, diabetes, and smoking behavior), as well as with other diseases/traits through interrogation of currently available genome-wide association study catalogs. RESULTS: We identified 6 new loci associated with CAD at genome-wide significance: on 2q37 (KCNJ13-GIGYF2), 6p21 (C2), 11p15 (MRVI1-CTR9), 12q13 (LRP1), 12q24 (SCARB1), and 16q13 (CETP). Risk allele frequencies ranged from 0.15 to 0.86, and odds ratio per copy of the risk allele ranged from 1.04 to 1.09. Of 62 new and known CAD loci, 24 (38.7%) showed statistical association with a traditional cardiovascular risk factor, with some showing multiple associations, and 29 (47%) showed associations at p < 1 × 10(-4) with a range of other diseases/traits. CONCLUSIONS: We identified 6 loci associated with CAD at genome-wide significance. Several CAD loci show substantial pleiotropy, which may help us understand the mechanisms by which these loci affect CAD risk.

Existing knowledge of genetic variants affecting risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is largely based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of common SNPs. Leveraging phased haplotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project, we report a GWAS meta-analysis of ∼185,000 CAD cases and controls, interrogating 6.7 million common (minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05) and 2.7 million low-frequency (0.005 < MAF < 0.05) variants. In addition to confirming most known CAD-associated loci, we identified ten new loci (eight additive and two recessive) that contain candidate causal genes newly implicating biological processes in vessel walls. We observed intralocus allelic heterogeneity but little evidence of low-frequency variants with larger effects and no evidence of synthetic association. Our analysis provides a comprehensive survey of the fine genetic architecture of CAD, showing that genetic susceptibility to this common disease is largely determined by common SNPs of small effect size. © 2015 Nature America, Inc.

Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by extremely high total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels that has been previously linked to mutations in LDLRAP1. We identified a family with ARH not explained by mutations in LDLRAP1 or other genes known to cause monogenic hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular etiology of ARH in this family.

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of various dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth indices, feed performance and body composition of benni (Barbus sharpeyi) juveniles. Nine iso-nitrogenous (25% crude protein) and iso-caloric (3.5 kcal/g digestible energy) semipurified diets with varying carbohydrate to lipid (CHO L) ratios (0.8 to 8.8 g/g) were tested for 8 weeks with three replicates. Each replicate was stocked with 20 fish (initial mean weight 16.47 ± 0.25 g) that were fed to satiation thrice daily. Twenty seven flow-through fiberglass tanks of 300 L capacity with a flow rate of 1.5 L min-1 were used for rearing the fish. Maximum weight gain (WG), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) and fulton,s condition factor (K) were observed in fish fed a 44% carbohydrate and 9% lipid diet, corresponding to a CHO/L ratio of 4.8. Whole body moisture, crude protein and ash content of fish fed varying CHO:L diets did not show any significant differences among treatments (P>0.05), But whole body lipid content of fish decreased (P

This study was carried out to identify proper broodstock of Barbus sharpeyi and Barbus grypus using working fecundity indices. For Barbus sharpeyi three female groups were chosen based on previous experiences that included treatment 1: 650±300g, 1±0.5 years, (T.L) 40.68±2.7cm, treatment 2: 1350±350g, 2.5±0.5 years, (T.L) 47.92±4.63cm and treatment 3: 2200±400g, 4±0.4 years, and (T.L) 59.62±3.56cm. The same male broodstock (700±80g) and 2 year old fish were used for all treatments. For Barbus grypus three female groups were chosen using previous experiences that included treatment 1: 2212.5±780g, 2.5±0.5 years, (T.L) 62.68±6.7cm, treatment 2: 4518±780g, 4±1 years (T.L) 79.12±4.36cm and treatment 3: 7712.5±171g, 7.7±1.3 years and (T.L) 92.62±3.13cm. The same male broodstock (1400±100g) and 2 year old fish were used for all treatments. Female broodstock of the two species were injected 3mg/kg of PG hormone two times at an interval of 10 hours and males were injected 2mg/kg. The maximum working fecundity was seen in treatment 2 for Barbus sharpeyi (33000±1450) and Barbus grypus and (13000.37±4651.57). Functional fecundity were calculated for Barbus sharpeyi in all treatments which was significantly different between treatment 2 and other treatments for the two species. After this stage, the working fecundity was decreased in treatments. We conclude that treatment 2 is the best for selection of broodstocks in the two fish species.

Bahmanshir River derived from Karoon River and finally connected to Arvandrood that passed from Abadan and then flow into the Persian Gulf. Because of low slope of Bahmanshir River from Ahwaz to Abadan, tidal flow intrusion long distance in Bahmanshir, Arvandrood and Karoon. Sampling from physical and chemical parameters and phytoplankton were done by Nansen sampler, benthic sampling, heavy metals, TOM and grain size sampling were done by grab. Samplings of zooplankton were done by filtering 20 liters water in 100μ mesh size net from middepth of river water. Fish sampling were done by gill net, Trawl net, sobor gill net and stable net with 20, 27, 30, 35, 39, 40 mesh sizes. Physical and Chemical parameters were more similar from station one to four but there were some differences with station five in mouth of river in the sea. Nitrate showed same variations in all studied stations and maximum concentration of nitrite was observed in station five in June and July. The highest value of Total hardness and salinity were observed in station five. The range of pH was 7.2 to 8.5. Cd and Zn were found to be the lowest and the highest concentration in sediments respectively. Annual average following as: Cd < Co < Cu < Pb = Ni < Zn According to ISQGs and river water quality standards, chemical and physical parameters and sediment heavy metals were in acceptable range. Only Cd and Zn values were found higher than acceptable ranges. No significant difference was observed between stations for heavy metal concentrations. In general, 44 phytoplankton species were identified Bacillariophycea (77.74%), Cyanophycea( 10.39%), (Chlorophycae 8.88%) and (Dinophycea 2.99%) were the dominant phytoplankton classes in this study. Shannon index have shown the highest species diversity during one year in January and the lowest was in fourth station. 110 Phytoplankton species composition in Bahmanshir have shown that Bacillariophycea became higher from river to estuary and among zooplanktons Rotifera and Tintinida were the most frequent groups in estuary region with 83% of total abundance. Copepoda, Rotifera and Protozoa (especially Tintinida) were the most frequent zooplankton groups. The highest frequency of zooplankton with 40.6% was observed in the station one in Khoramshahr. 16 macrobenthic groups were identified during the study. Polycheate worms, Isopoda and Oligocheate worms have shown the 83.5%, 5.4% and 3% frequencies respectively. 43 fish species that included in 26 families were identified. Cyprinidae with 12 species and Clupeidae with 2 species were the highest and the lowest species frequencies respectively. Among the identified fish species Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Barbus esocinus, Crrassius auratus were exotic species and rest of them were local species. Seasonal changes were affected directly by quantitative and qualitative variations in Karoon water and planktonic species composition in estuary region were affected by tidal flow and advances of seawater. Cyprinidae and Barbus geniuses were the most frequent fresh water fish species. Migrant species like Johnius dussumeieri, Acanthophagus latus, Hilsa ilisha were captured in most stations and months, presence of these species is important for reproduction. Fish species of this river have different diet that included soft sediments, planktons, benthos, macroscopic plants, small fishes and shrimps.

This study was done is two phases, to determine required suitable level of protein and energy for Barbus grypus to get maximum growth to market size. Phase 1-finger ling phase Treatments with triplicate in different level of protein (25, 30, 35 percentage) and different level of digestible energy (kcal/100 gr 250,300,350) were used. Also the effect of mentioned diets on fish growth by calculating (WG, FER, FCR, SVR, PER, SGR) was studied. 9 treatments with triplicate random group of 15 fish per 300 liter tank the mean of were stuclied for 60 days. Body weight was (29.68±0.19gr). The results showed that in constant protein levels growth parameters improved to a special level with in Creasing energy level but in constant. Protein decrease with in crase in energy level. The result of caracass showed energy, protein, fiber and lipid caracass increased with increase in protein and energy, ash level of diet, on the other hand the mentioned diets had meaningfull effect on biochemical composition of caracass except (protein and ash). The best protein level was (%30) and suitable energy level was (250 Kcal/100gr). Phase 2: Grow out stage The best diets (P30%) and (250Kcal/100gr) and (p350%),(300kcal/100gr),(p35%)(350Kcal/100gr)was determind of second phase. These three suitable diets 3 treament in a soil pond 160m² with primary weight 98.3±23 in 60 day. Siqnificant different bet ween treatments were obsereved based on WG,FER,FCR,SVR,PER,SGR Indices. There were no Siqnificant different in (fish body composition)in second phases of experiment. The level of energy,protein,fiber and lipid. In fishes body were increased with in increasing the diet protein. Finally, according to mean valves,30% protein level and (250 Kcal/100gr) energy for barbus grypus are suggestedias the best levels. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

In order to determination of feeding requierments, in first step hole bady analysis and some biological characteriestis of Barbus sharpyie was investigated in khouzestan provience in 2001-2004. In this study 413 benni (Barbus sharpyie) in length size range (30 to 440 mm) were caught from different resources in region (mainly Shadegan and Horalazim wet lands) Fishes were classified in different length groups for carcasse analysis, The highest protein was observed in (30 to 95 mm) and (100-140 mm) length size groups, and also the rate of protein decrease with Length increase The lowest lipid (body fat) rate was observed in (100-149 mm) length size group and also with decreasing the protein in length groups, lipid was increased in Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) body. The maximum rate of body ash was measured in (30-95 mm) length size group, after this with increasing of the length, the rate of ash decreased gradually, so the minimum ash rate was observed in (30-440 mm) length zise group. Phas phorous and calcium variations were the same as ash changing the maximum energy was obtained in (250-350 mm). That was in harmony with increasing in this length groupe. Falty acids in Benni bady were higher then X-3 and were similar to falty acids profiles in carp fishes bady Benni protain in cludes Essential amino acids, Arginine, Histidine, Iucine, Methionine, Valine, Phenylalanine, theronine, Lysine, that were the same in different individual. Regarding length weight relation. Benni growth is Allometric and regarding stomach contents and increasing of gut length Index in different length size groups, its feeding habits is herbivorous . Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Determination of suitable density of Barbus sharpeyi in polyculture system. This study was carrid at in shaban fisheries research station in Khozestan provience, During 6 month from way to Nov. This research was done in nine ponds with 1720m area in 3 treatments and 3 repeatition for each by use of random statistic Analysis. Barbus sharpeyi was reared with chinese carp (Amor, Bighead and siluer carp) and common carp, in polycoture to obtain the best density for B. sharpeyi. Treatments include : polyculture as controp treatment 1, polyculture plus 150 B. sharpei and 2 polyculture plus 300 B. sharpei. In all treatmonts the ratios of food, or qanic and inorganic pertilizer were the same. In two treatments (1 and 2), in which B. sharpei was added to system, only food was added to compare with control treatment. Hygien and disease control was done by priority of prevention. Acording to physical and chemical paramaters the ponds water were suitable. Sorvival rate in all treatments was 95 percent. Anova showed no signipicant different in fish production between 3 treatments (P= %5). Average of production in 3 treatments was 4946, 5979/3, 5082/3 kg/ha respectinely Groos in come in hectar there was no significant difference in gross income in hectare except for B. sharpei species. So in treatment 1 and 2 we obsereved in come increasing. Mean prices of one kg in No 1 and 2 treatment was different from control treatment. In net and Gross in come (which is the most important factor for choosing this method), significant difference was observed only between No 1 treatment and control treatment. Specific growth rate was significant only in treatment No 1. But condition factor showed no significant differences in non of them (species). So No 1 treatment composition had better result than others. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study was carried out from April 1999 to March 2000 in Dez dam reservoir located at North Khouzestan province. From the total number of 607 specimen of collected fish, 267 and 64 were males and females respectively, and276 specimen were immature. Samples were caught by hooks and gill nets. Length range of females was 156-1350 mm and their weight range was 31.7-26500 g. Males ranged 183-1065mm in length and 48-12208g in weight. The males showed more ranges in length and weight comparing to females. The spawning period is very short and occurring in spring after flooding of the river and increase in the reservoir water level. This species is a total spawner and eggs are release in upstream regions and reservoir shallow waters on bottoms gravels. Spawning occurs in 24°C. Fecundity was intermediate. Sex ratio was 4.2:1.0 (male/female). Males show a faster maturation. According to the ratio of gut length to the body length, it seems to be an omnivorous species, but all samples were found to have fish in their stomachs (100%). Feeding intensity was higher in males. Annual growth is slow and asymptomatic length is more than 2m. Relative growth in weight is not in accordance with growth in length for various length groups, and relative growth in weight is increased with increasing of fish length. Growth of this species is positive allometric type. Various length groups were observed in examined specimens. It I seems that it has a longer reproductive life comparing to its pre-maturation life. Relative fatness is higher in females.

This study was carried out in Karkheh reservoir in North of Khuzestan Province from January to December 2003.Monthly sampling was done from 3 stations in lake with different depth and also 2 stations in input and out put points of reservoir in Karkheh river. Average volume and surface of reservoir were 2870 milioncubic and 10427 hectares respectively. Mean depth in stations 2, 3 and 4 were 36.07, 53.42 and 31.71 meter respectively. The DO content was recorded as optimum level, the highest Nitrite, TDS and TSS were observed in 20 meter depth layer. The ranges of nutrients were: Nitrate (1.2-31.8), Phosphate (0.01-2.11), and Silicate (2.1-18.7) mg/liter.EC and pH range were 599- 1629µs/cm and 7.42-8.78 respectively. The amount of ammonia and co2 were very little during the year.BOD5 was below 5 mg/liter, that is indicator of clear waters. Dam water was classified in hard to very hard water group. Other factors of water were in acceptable range. The most frequent occurrence of phytoplankton classes were: cyanophyceae (72.04%), Bacillariophyceae (12.39%), Dinophyceae (10.46%), Chlorophyceae (4.88%) and Chrysophyceae (0.22%).The most frequent genuses of each group phytoplankton was chroococcus, cyclotella, Melosira XPeridinium XScenedesmus X Gelocapsa. Cyanophyceae was in surface and 20meter depth and other classes only in 20 meter depth observed. The most abundant of zooplankton group were Copepoda (44.8%), Protozoa (27.32%), Rotifera (22.45%) and Cladocera (5.43%) and genuses including are Cyclops, Tintinopsis, Keratella, Brachionus and Daphnia were abundant. Protozoa in 20, Cladocera in 20 and 40 and Copepoda in 60 meter depth were more abundant. The chlorophyll a in stations 3, 4 was higher than stations 2. The mean and total primary production were 0.33, 93.44 gc/m2/day respectively. The highest abundant benthic group were: Oligocheta (74%), Ephemeroptera (13%) ( Chironomidae (5%) and others (8%).The most and the lowest abundant macro benthic were observed in February and October. The Lowest density of benthic fauna was found in the deepest stations 3. station 4 was showed the lowest amount of silty-clay ,but the most organic matter was found in station 3.Identified nektons were include: 18 species from 6 families: cyprinidae (13 sp.), mugilidae (1 sp.), mastacembelidae (1 sp.), Sisoridae (1 sp.), Graspidae (1 sp.), bagridae (1 sp.).The most abundant fishes were: Capota trutta (25.4%), Cyprinion macrostmum (18.3%), Barbus esocinus (15.4%) and others species (40.9%). Potential of Fish production based on primary production was measured about 102.7 kg/Hectares in year. Trophic State Index (TSI) was 16.06, that indicator of oligothrophic waters. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have so far identified 56 loci associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Many CAD loci show pleiotropy; that is, they are also associated with other diseases or traits. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to systematically test if genetic variants identified for non-CAD diseases/traits also associate with CAD and to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the extent of pleiotropy of all CAD loci. METHODS: In discovery analyses involving 42,335 CAD cases and 78,240 control subjects we tested the association of 29,383 common (minor allele frequency >5%) single nucleotide polymorphisms available on the exome array, which included a substantial proportion of known or suspected single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with common diseases or traits as of 2011. Suggestive association signals were replicated in an additional 30,533 cases and 42,530 control subjects. To evaluate pleiotropy, we tested CAD loci for association with cardiovascular risk factors (lipid traits, blood pressure phenotypes, body mass index, diabetes, and smoking behavior), as well as with other diseases/traits through interrogation of currently available genome-wide association study catalogs. RESULTS: We identified 6 new loci associated with CAD at genome-wide significance: on 2q37 (KCNJ13-GIGYF2), 6p21 (C2), 11p15 (MRVI1-CTR9), 12q13 (LRP1), 12q24 (SCARB1), and 16q13 (CETP). Risk allele frequencies ranged from 0.15 to 0.86, and odds ratio per copy of the risk allele ranged from 1.04 to 1.09. Of 62 new and known CAD loci, 24 (38.7%) showed statistical association with a traditional cardiovascular risk factor, with some showing multiple associations, and 29 (47%) showed associations at p < 1 × 10(-4) with a range of other diseases/traits. CONCLUSIONS: We identified 6 loci associated with CAD at genome-wide significance. Several CAD loci show substantial pleiotropy, which may help us understand the mechanisms by which these loci affect CAD risk.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.