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Sorta sa izduženim plodovima u tipu kapije sa izraženom debljinom perikarpa mlečno bele boje u tehnološkoj zrelosti,a crvene u fiziološkoj.Pogodna za sve načine proizvodnje i potrošnje.Kako za svežu upotrebu tako i za sve vrste prerade.Može se gajiti u zatvorenom prostoru(staklenici, plastenici),a in a otvorenom polju.Prinosna je 50 do 60 tona po hektaru.

Salatni krastavac. Plod mu je ujednačeno tamno zelene boje bez uzdužnih svetlih pruga, retke bodlje i bradavice smeđe boje, pravilnog izgleda bez deformiteta sa zaobljenim vrhovima. Dužine oko 20 cm, bez šupljine i gorčine sa slabo izraženom semenom ložom. Ovaj hibrid karakteriše ženski tip pola i visok potencijal rodnosti. Namenjen je za gajenje isključivo u zaštićenom prostoru. Poseduje uslovnu partekorpaju.

The rhizosphere is a dynamic environment in which many parameters may influence biogenicity. The important factors determining the microbial community in the rhizosphere are plant and soil nutrient supply. The aim of this paper was to determine the abundance of basic microbiological groups in the rhizosphere of four wheat subspecies, in three fertilization treatments in the organic farming system. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. It was carried out on the leached chernozem soil type. There was significant variability in the abundance of the studied physiological groups of microorganisms between the wheat subspecies, as well as between the fertilization treatments. The rhizosphere of common wheat had the greatest abundance of fungi (24.37 x 103 g-1). The rhizosphere of compactum wheat had the largest abundance of oligonitrophilic bacteria (361.47 x 105 g-1) and amonificators (119.27 x 105 g-1). There were no significant differences in the abundance of actinomycetes between the cultivars of common, compactum and durum wheat, but their lowest number was found in the spelt wheat cultivar (11.25 x 103 g-1). The combined application of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer resulted in a significantly greater abundance of amonificators (56.6%), fungi (28.2%) and oligonitrophiles (14.6%) than in the control treatment. The results show that the crop variety and application of appropriate fertilizer formulations can influence the abundance of the studied groups of microorganisms. This is particularly the case in organic farming, which relies completely on natural resources and processes. Copyright © 2022 Jialin Yuan et al.

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of microbiological and organic fertilizers on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale during a three-year period (2009/10–2011/12). A two-factorial field experiment was arranged using a randomized block design with four replications. The object of the study was the triticale winter cultivar Odisej, and the following treatments were applied: a control variant without fertilization, microbiological fertilizer “Slavol” (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1, organic fertilizer “Biohumus Royal offert” (Altamed RS) 3.0 t ha-1 + microbiological fertilizer “Slavol” (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1. The results showed that the expression of the characteristics was significantly affected by the environment. The lowest values were obtained in the first year when the most unfavourable meteorological conditions were observed. The application of microbiological fertilizer had no impact on the stem length and grain weight per spike, but it significantly increased the number of fertile spikelets (3.7%), spike length (7.7%) and grain yield (18.6%). The combined application of fertilizers provided better results for all the examined characteristics, while in comparison with the control, the differences ranged from 4.3% for the number of fertile spikelets to 46.5% for grain yield. The strongest correlation was determined between the spike length and the number of fertile spikelets (r = 0.939**). The obtained results lead to the conclusion that under variable environmental conditions, the application of fertilizers has a significant impact on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale, and consequently on the stability of this crop production in the organic farming system., Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitivanje uticaja biohumusa i biofertilizatora na morfološke i produktivne osobine tritikalea u trogodišnjem periodu (2009/102011/12). Poljski ogled je postavljen kao dvofaktorijalni, po metodi blok sistema sa slučajnim rasporedom tretmana u četiri ponavljanja. Predmet ispitivanja bila je ozima sorta tritikalea, Odisej, a ispitivan je uticaj sledećih tretmana: kontrola bez đubrenja, biofertilizator (5,0 l ha-1), biohumus (3,0 t ha-1) + biofertilizator (5,0 l ha-1). Rezultati su pokazali da spoljašnja sredina ima značajan uticaj na ekspresiju ispitivanih osobina. Najmanje vrednosti dobijene su u prvoj godini, koja je imala i najnepovoljnije meteorološke uslove. Đubrenje je imalo statistički značajan uticaj na većinu ispitivanih osobina. Primena biofertilizatora nije uticala na dužinu stabla i masu zrna u klasu, ali je značajno povećala broj plodnih klasića (3,7%), dužinu klasa (7,7%) i prinos zrna (18,6%). Kombinovanom primenom đubriva postignuti su bolji rezultati za sve ispitivane osobine, a razlike u odnosu na kontrolu bez đubrenja kretale su se u nivou od 4,3% za broj plodnih klasića do 46,5% kod prinosa zrna. Najjača korelaciona povezanost ustanovljena je između dužine klasa i broja plodnih klasića (r = 0,939**). Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na zaključak da, u promenljivim uslovima spoljašnje sredine, primena dobro izbalansiranih formula organskih i mikrobioloških đubriva ima značajan uticaj na morfološke i produktivne osobine tritikalea, a samim tim na stabilnost proizvodnje ovog useva u sistemu organskog gajenja.

Usled ljudskih aktivnosti, zaslanjenost zemljišta postaje glavni izazov za globalnu proizvodnju hrane. Pšenica je osnovna namirnica za veliki deo svetske populacije, a stres zaslanjenosti predstavlja značajnu pretnju njenoj produktivnosti. Stoga je stvaranje tolerantnih genotipova pšenice na salinitet od vitalnog značaja za obezbeđivanje održive proizvodnje hrane, posebno u područjima pogođenim stresom saliniteta zemljišta. Proučavanje genotipova pšenice u poljskim uslovima povećane zaslanjenosti je ključno za efikasnu identifikaciju genotipova tolerantnih na salinitet. U skladu sa tim, procenjena je tolerantnost 27 genotipova pšenice na salinitet na solonjecu u uslovima saliniteta i černozemu kao kontroli tokom dve vegetacione sezone. Masa zrna po klasu, koja je smanjena za 35% u uslovima saliniteta zemljišta, najbolji je fenotipski marker uticaja zaslanjenosti na biljku. Takođe, povećana zaslanjenost zemljišta je smanjila vrednosti broja zrna po klasu, mase klasa i prinosa zrna za 30%., Soil salinity is becoming a major challenge for global food production due to human activities. Wheat is a staple food for a large portion of the global population, and salt stress is a significant threat to its productivity. Therefore, the development of salt-tolerant and high-yielding wheat genotypes is vital for ensuring sustainable food production, especially in areas affected by soil salinity stress. Consideration of wheat genotypes under field salinity conditions is crucial for effectively identifying salt-tolerant varieties. The salinity tolerance of 27 wheat genotypes was assessed under field conditions by establishing an experiment on Solonetz, for salinity conditions, and Chernozem, as the control, during two growing seasons. The grain weight per spike, which decreased by 35% under soil salinity conditions, is the best phenotypic marker of the influence of salinity on the plant. Also, soil salinity reduced the values of the number of grains per spike, spike weight, and grain yield by 30%.

U radu je analizirana stabilnost osobine visina biljke 20 divergentnih genotipova plavog patlidžana koji su deo kolekcije Instituta za povrtarstvo Smederevska Palanka. Poljski mikroogledi su izvedeni na tri lokaliteta (Smederevska Palanka, Kusadak i Vranovo). Analiza varijanse AMMI modela pokazala je da postoje značajne razlike između genotipova, lokaliteta, kao i njihovih interakcija (G×E) za visinu biljke. Od ukupne sume kvadrata, 91,6% variranja odnosio se na efekat genotipa dok se svega 4,11% variranja može pripisati efektu lokaliteta. Rezultati dobijeni u ovom istraživanju ukazuju da je 5 proučavanih genotipova pokazalo stabilnost ove osobine na različitim lokalitetima. Na osnovu ASV vrednosti za visinu biljke, zaključuje se da je najveća stabilnost utvrđena na lokalitetu Vranovo koji je po rangu na prvom mestu i sa koeficijentom AMMI stabilnosti 2,16., In the experiment the stability of the trait plant height, for 20 divergent eggplant genotypes from the GenBank of Institute for Vegetable crops Smederevska Palanka was analyzed. Field microtrials were carried out at three locations (Smederevska Palanka, Kusadak and Vranovo). The analysis of variance of the AMMI model showed significant differences between genotypes, localities and their interactions (G×E) for plant height. From the total sum of squares, 91.6% of the variation was related to the genotype effect, while only 4.11% of the variation can be attributed to the locality effect. The results obtained in this research indicate that 5 studied genotypes showed the stability of this trait in different localities. Based on the ASV value for plant height, it is concluded that the highest stability was determined at the Vranovo location with an AMMI stability coefficient of 2.16.

Sprovedeno je dvogodišnje istraživanje sa pet genotipova tvrde pšenice sa ciljem da se sagleda njihov potencijal za prinos u različitim uslovima sredine. Ustanovljeno je da su jari genotipovi imali niže vrednosti komponenti prinosa zrna u odnosu na ozime. Suša prisutna u periodu cvetanja i nalivanja zrna je doprinela smanjenju vrednosti svih osobina, gde je najveće smanjenje zabeleženo kod mase zrna po klasu (31,8%). Takođe, faktor spoljašnje sredine je uticao i na korelacijske odnose, gde je utvrđeno da masa zrna po biljci ima pozitivne korelacije sa visinom biljke (0,74), brojem zrna po klasu (0,80) i masom zrna po klasu (0,88), dok je u neznačajnoj korelaciji sa dužinom klasa (0,35). Izdvojene su dve značajne PCA komponente koje objašnjavaju zajedno 88,5% varijacije. Jare sorte su izdvojene u posebne kvadrante biplota, dok su ozimi genotipovi pozicionirani u okviru vektora mase zrna po biljci, broja zrna po klasu i visine biljke, postigavši najveće vrednosti navedenih osobina., A two-year study was conducted with five durum wheat genotypes with the aim of assessing their yield potential in different environental conditions. It was found that the spring genotypes had lower values of grain yield components compared to the winter ones. The drought present during the flowering and grain filling contributed to a decrease in the value of all traits, where the largest decrease was recorded in the grain weight per spike (31.8%). Also, the factor of year influenced the pattern of correlation, where it was determined that the grain weight per plant had positive correlations with the plant height (0.74), the number of grains per spike (0.80) and the grains weight per spike (0.88), while it was insignificantly correlated with the spike lenght (0.35). Two significant PCA components were extracted, explaining together 88.5% of the variation. Spring varieties were stood out into separate quadrants of the biplot, while winter genotypes were positioned within the vector of grain weight per plant, number of grains per spike and plant height, achieving the highest values of the mentioned traits.

Evaluacija genetičkih resursa plavog patlidžana (Solanum melongena L.) sa različitih geografskih područja primenom molekularnih markera (RAPD) je od velikog značaja u procesu oplemenjivanja. Ukupno 90 polimorfnih amplifikovanih proizvoda dobijeno je od 10 dekamernih RAPD prajmera, korišćenih za analizu genetičkog diverziteta 20 genotipova plavog patlidžana (16 lokalnih i 4 genotipova stranog porekla). Najviši polimorfizam je konstatovan prilikom korišćenja OPAF- 16 prajmera (70,83%). Broj detektovanih amplifikovanih fragmenata je bio od 13 (OPF-04) do 24 (OPAF-16), dok je prosečan broj fragmenata po prajmeru iznosio 17,2. Dužine amplifikovanih fragmenata su bile u rasponu od 400 do 9000 bp. Vrednost Jaccard-ovog koeficijenta genetičke distance bila je od 0,095 do 0,35, a dendrogram konstruisan metodom UPGMA pokazao da se 16 lokalnih i 4 stranih genotipova grupisalo se u devet grupa (klastera). Populacije K1, K8/1, K19, K22, K25 i K38 predstavljaju genotipove koji su se odvojile od ostalih i formirali su pojedinačne klastere. Najniža vrednost izračunate genetičke distance iznosila je 0,095 između domaćih genotipova K13 i K12, koji su i sa morfološke strane pokazali sličnost u pogledu oblika i boje. S druge strane, najveća vrednost genetičke distance izračunata je između stranih genotipova K19 i K25(0,35), K19 i K34 (0,34) i K19 i K38 (0,34). Genetski različiti genotipovi identifikovani korišćenjem RAPD markera mogu biti potencijalni početni genetički materijal za ukrštanje sa drugim genotipovima radi dobijanja novih i poboljšanih sorti patlidžana., Evaluation of genetic resources of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) from different geographical areas using molecular markers (RAPD) is of great importance in the breeding process. A total of 90 polymorphic amplified products were obtained from 10 decameric RAPD primers, used to analyze the genetic diversity of 20 genotypes of eggplant (16 local and 4 genotypes of foreign origin). The highest polymorphism was determined using the OPAF-16 primer (70.83%). The number of detected bands ranged from 13 (OPF-04) to 24 (OPAF-16), while the average number of bands per primer was 17.2. The lengths of the amplified fragments ranged from 400 to 9000 bp. The value of the Jaccard’s genetic distance coefficient ranged from 0.095 to 0.35, and the dendrogram constructed using the UPGMA method showed that 16 local and 4 foreign genotypes were grouped into nine groups (clusters). Populations K1, K8/1, K19, K22, K25 and K38 represent genotypes that separated from the others and formed single clusters. The lowest value of the calculated genetic distance was 0.095 between domestic genotypes K13 and K12, which also showed morphological similarity in terms of shape and color. On the other hand, the highest value of genetic distance was calculated between foreign genotypes K19 and K25 (0.35), K19 and K34 (0.34) and K19 and K38 (0.34). Genetically distinct genotypes identified using RAPD markers could be potential starting genetic material for crossing with other genotypes to obtain new and improved eggplant varieties.

Usled ljudskih aktivnosti, zaslanjenost zemljišta postaje glavni izazov za globalnu proizvodnju hrane. Pšenica je osnovna namirnica za veliki deo svetske populacije, a stres zaslanjenosti predstavlja značajnu pretnju njenoj produktivnosti. Stoga je stvaranje tolerantnih genotipova pšenice na salinitet od vitalnog značaja za obezbeđivanje održive proizvodnje hrane, posebno u područjima pogođenim stresom saliniteta zemljišta. Proučavanje genotipova pšenice u poljskim uslovima povećane zaslanjenosti je ključno za efikasnu identifikaciju genotipova tolerantnih na salinitet. U skladu sa tim, procenjena je tolerantnost 27 genotipova pšenice na salinitet na solonjecu u uslovima saliniteta i černozemu kao kontroli tokom dve vegetacione sezone. Masa zrna po klasu, koja je smanjena za 35% u uslovima saliniteta zemljišta, najbolji je fenotipski marker uticaja zaslanjenosti na biljku. Takođe, povećana zaslanjenost zemljišta je smanjila vrednosti broja zrna po klasu, mase klasa i prinosa zrna za 30%. Sprovedena je klaster hitmap analiza, koja je omogućila hijerarhijsko grupisanje genotipova, odnosno osobina. Masa hiljadu zrna, na koju je dominantan efekat imao faktor godina, svrstana je u posebnu klaster grupu. U uslovima solonjeca, genotipovi Harmonija, Renesansa, Orašanka, KG-58, Bankut 1205 i Oplenka su grupisani u okviru iste klaster grupe, dok su u uslovima černozema usko povezani genotipovi Renesansa i Jugoslavija, ispoljavajući najveće prosečne vrednosti ispitivanih osobina. Na osnovu AMMI analize, genotip Harmonija pokazuje visoku stabilnost prinosa zrna na solonjecu i ocenjen je kao genotip tolerantan na salinitet. Genotip Renesansa je ispoljio visoku stabilnost u svim agroekološkim sredinama i ostvario najveći prinos zrna na černozemu., Soil salinity is becoming a major challenge for global food production due to human activities. Wheat is a staple food for a large portion of the global population, and salt stress is a significant threat to its productivity. Therefore, the development of salt-tolerant and high-yielding wheat genotypes is vital for ensuring sustainable food production, especially in areas affected by soil salinity stress. Consideration of wheat genotypes under field salinity conditions is crucial for effectively identifying salt-tolerant varieties. The salinity tolerance of 27 wheat genotypes was assessed under field conditions by establishing an experiment on Solonetz, for salinity conditions, and Chernozem, as the control, during two growing seasons. The grain weight per spike, which decreased by 35% under soil salinity conditions, is the best phenotypic marker of the influence of salinity on the plant. Also, soil salinity reduced the values of the number of grains per spike, spike weight, and grain yield by 30%. Cluster heatmap analysis was performed, which enabled hierarchical clustering of genotypes and traits. The thousand grain weight, primarily influenced by year, is classified into a separate cluster group. On Solonetz, the genotypes Harmonija, Renesansa, Orašanka, KG-58, Bankut 1205, and Oplenka were grouped together, and on Chernozem, Renesansa and Jugoslavija were closely grouped, showing the highest average trait values. Based on the AMMI analysis, the genotype Harmonija exhibits high grain yield stability on Solonetz and was identified as the salt-tolerant genotype. The genotype Renesansa showed high stability in all environments and achieved the highest grain yield on Chernozem.

U dvogodišnjem istraživanju, sprovedenom na ritskoj crnici, analiziran je uticaj genotipa, vegetacione sezone i njihove interakcije na varijaciju prinosa zrna po biljci i mase 1000 zrna kod 16 genotipova pšenice. Uslovi povećane suše su značajno uticali na smanjenje ispitivanih osobina kod svih analiziranih genotipova. Faktor interakcije je imao najveći doprinos fenotipskoj ekspresiji prinosa zrna (47,74%), dok je faktor godina imao najveći udeo u varijaciji mase 1000 zrna (79,77%). Najveći prinos zrna u obe vegetacione sezone je ostvario genotip Skopjanka. Genotipovi Dukat i Iskra se karakterišu najslabijom reakcijom na stres, uz postignut visok prinos zrna u uslovima suše. Genotip Iskra se izdvaja najvećom vrednošću mase 1000 zrna u uslovima stresa suše, dok je genotip Dunavka postigao najveću vrednost mase 1000 zrna u povoljnim uslovima sredine., A two-year study on the humogley examined the effects of genotype, vegetation season, and their interaction on the variation in grain yield per plant and thousand grain weight in 16 wheat genotypes. Increased drought had a significant impact on the reduction of both investigated traits. The interaction of factors had the largest contribution to the phenotypic expression of grain yield per plant (47.74%), while the factor of vegetation season had the largest share in the variation of thousand grain weight (79.77%). Genotype Skopjanka achieved the highest grain yield per plant in both growing seasons. Genotypes Dukat and Iskra are characterized by the weakest reaction to stress and a high grain yield achieved under drought conditions. Genotype Iskra is distinguished by having the highest thousand grain weight under drought stress, while genotype Dunavka achieved the highest thousand grain weight under favorable environmental conditions.

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that limit the productivity of crops, including wheat, in many regions of the world. Therefore, the priority in wheat breeding, to ensure global food security, is developing varieties that are adapted to saline environments. In situ, evaluation of wheat genotypes can provide valuable information on the performance of different genotypes under natural saline conditions and can help to identify the most salt-tolerant genotypes. To ensure an accurate evaluation of the performance of twenty-seven wheat genotypes under different environments, the trial was conducted on two different soil types (solonetz and chernozem) in two growing seasons. AMMI analysis shows that the environmental factor had the largest share (55.15%) in the variation of grain yield, where soil type had a dominant effect. Genotypes Renesansa, Harmonija, and Bankut 1205 achieved a high grain yield on both soil types. However, among the mentioned genotypes, the genotype Harmonija showed the highest tolerance to salinity. A significant proportion of the genotype and environment interaction (GEI; 25.89%) shows that there is a change in the ranking of genotypes across environments. According to the AMMI1 biplot, the genotypes Renesansa and Harmonija were distinguished by high grain yield and high stability. The environment Chernozem 2015/2016 had the greatest contribution to the GEI and the highest grain yield, while Solonetz 2017/2018 was characterized by the highest stability and the lowest grain yield. According to the AMMI2 biplot, genotype Harmonija achieved high stability in unfavourable environmental conditions that characterized the environment Solonetz 2017/2018., Zaslanjenost spada u najvažnije faktore abiotičkog stresa koji ograničavaju produktivnost useva, uključujući pšenicu, u mnogim regionima sveta. Stoga je razvoj sorti pšenice koje su prilagođene uslovima zaslanjenosti prioritet za globalnu sigurnost hrane. Procena genotipova u realnim uslovima – in situ može pružiti odgovarajuće informacije o performansama različitih genotipova u realnim uslovima i pomoći u identifikaciji tolerantnih genotipova na salinitet. Da bi se obezbedila tačna procena, dvadeset sedam genotipova pšenice ispitivano je u različitim agroekološkim sredinama. Ogled je zasnovan na dva različita tipa zemljišta (solonjec i černozem) tokom dve vegetacione sezone. AMMI analiza pokazuje da je faktor spoljašnje sredine imao najveće učešće (55,15%) u varijaciji prinosa zrna, gde je dominantan uticaj imao tip zemljišta. Genotipovi Renesansa, Harmonija i Bankut 1205, ostvarili su visok prinos zrna na oba tipa zemljišta. Među navedenim genotipovima najveću toleranciju na salinitet ispoljio je genotip Harmonija. Značajan udeo interakcije genotipa i sredine (GEI; 25,89%) u ukupnom variranju pokazuje da postoji promena u rangiranju genotipova u različitim sredinama. Prema AMMI1 biplotu, genotipovi Renesansa i Harmonija su se odlikovali visokim prinosom zrna i visokom stabilnošću. U agroekološkoj sredini Černozem 2015/2016, koja je imala najveći doprinos interakciji, postignut je najveći prinos zrna, dok je u agroekološkoj sredini Solonjec 2017/2018 ostvarena najveća stabilnost, ali i najniži prinos zrna. Prema AMMI2 biplotu, genotip Harmonija je postigao visoku stabilnost u nepovoljnim uslovima sredine Solonjec 2017/2018.

The accumulation of heavy metals in the environment is one of the most significant environmental problems due to the potential risk to human and animal health. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the distance from the industrial zone on the heavy metal content in the soil and vegetative parts of wheat. A field experiment with four wheat genotypes was conducted in the area of the city of Pancevo, Serbia, at three locations at different distances from the industrial zone. By atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), concentrations of five heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd) were determined in the soil and wheat. The highest total content of Zn, Cr, Cu, and Cd in the soil (72.5, 27.3, 26.2, and 0.3 mg kg−1, respectively) was found at the location closest to the industrial zone, while the highest content of Pb (28.9 mg kg−1) was recorded at a location that is in the immediate vicinity of a road. Heatmap correlations and PCA analysis show a significant relationship between the content of heavy metals in the soil and the plant. Genotype Pobeda had the lowest content of Cr, Cu, and Cd in the root and the lowest content of all the analyzed heavy metals in the stem. The highest translocation factor of heavy metals was found in the genotype Apache, which had the highest content of Pb, Cr, and Cu in the stem. The highest heavy metal bioaccumulation and translocation were established for Cd content (0.86 and 1.93). The obtained results indicate a potential ecological risk in the immediate vicinity of the industrial zone, while the difference in the accumulation of heavy metals between the studied genotypes opens new aspects for breeding programs.

The accumulation of heavy metals in the environment is one of the most significant environmental problems due to the potential risk to human and animal health. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the distance from the industrial zone on the heavy metal content in the soil and vegetative parts of wheat. A field experiment with four wheat genotypes was conducted in the area of the city of Pancevo, Serbia, at three locations at different distances from the industrial zone. By atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), concentrations of five heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd) were determined in the soil and wheat. The highest total content of Zn, Cr, Cu, and Cd in the soil (72.5, 27.3, 26.2, and 0.3 mg kg−1, respectively) was found at the location closest to the industrial zone, while the highest content of Pb (28.9 mg kg−1) was recorded at a location that is in the immediate vicinity of a road. Heatmap correlations and PCA analysis show a significant relationship between the content of heavy metals in the soil and the plant. Genotype Pobeda had the lowest content of Cr, Cu, and Cd in the root and the lowest content of all the analyzed heavy metals in the stem. The highest translocation factor of heavy metals was found in the genotype Apache, which had the highest content of Pb, Cr, and Cu in the stem. The highest heavy metal bioaccumulation and translocation were established for Cd content (0.86 and 1.93). The obtained results indicate a potential ecological risk in the immediate vicinity of the industrial zone, while the difference in the accumulation of heavy metals between the studied genotypes opens new aspects for breeding programs.

Due to its positive effects on human health, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) has increasingly been used as an alternative type of cereals in recent years. The main advantage of introducing hulless barley into various food products is a higher content of b-glucan than in other cereals and in particular common wheat. The aim of this paper was to examine morphological and productive characteristics, as well as the relationship and dependence between the studied characteristics of the hulless barley cultivar Goliat cultivated in an organic farming system. The mentioned characteristics were examined with regard to the weather conditions during three vegetation seasons (2009/2010-2011/2012) and with regard to fertilization. The impact of fertilization was monitored in the following treatments: T1 - application of biofertilizer in topdressing (5.0 l ha-1); T2fertilization using biohumus (3.0 t ha-1) and biofertilizer in topdressing (5.0 l ha-1); T0 - control - without the use of fertilizer and biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, on the soil type of leached chernozem. The results showed that the year had a very significant impact on all the examined characteristics. Fertilization did not have a significant impact on stem length and grain weight per spike. However, other observed characteristics showed significant changes depending on fertilization. The strongest correlation was found between harvest index and grain weight per spike (0.898**), as well as between spike length and number of fertile spikelets (0.877**). On the basis of the regression analysis equation, it was determined that with the unit increase in the number of fertile spikelets grain number per spike increased by 0.573., Zbog blagotvornog uticaja na zdravlje ljudi, poslednjih godina raste interes za upotrebom golozrnog ječma (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) kao alternativne vrste žita. Glavna prednost uključivanja golozrnog ječma u različite prehrambene proizvode proizilazi iz većeg sadržaja b-glukana u odnosu na običnu pšenicu, pa se takvi proizvodi često svrstavaju u funkcionalnu hranu. Cilj rada je proučavanje morfoloških i produktivnih osobina, kao i odnosa i zavisnosti između ispitivanih osobina ozime sorte golozrnog ječma (cv. Golijat) gajenog u organskom sistemu proizvodnje. Pomenute osobine su ispitivane u zavisnosti od vremenskih uslova tokom tri vegetacione sezone (2009/2010-2011/2012) i đubrenja. Uticaj đubrenja praćen je kroz sledeće tretmane: T1 - primena biofetilizatora u prihranjivanju (5,0 l ha-1); T2 đubrenje biohumusom (3,0 t ha-1) i biofertilizatorom u prihranjivanju (5,0 l ha-1); T0 - kontrola - bez primene đubriva i biofertilizatora. Ispitivanje je realizovano prema planu slučajnog blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja, na zemljištu tipa izluženi černozem. Rezultati su pokazali da godina, odnosno meteorološki činioci tokom vegetacione sezone ispoljavaju veoma značajan uticaj na sve ispitivane osobine. Đubrenje nije imalo značajan uticaj na dužinu stabla i masu zrna u klasu, dok su druge ispitivane osobine pokazale značajne promene u zavisnosti od delovanja ovog faktora. Značajnije efekte na proučavane osobine imala je kombinovana primena organskog đubriva i biofertilizatora u poređenju sa samostalnom primenom biofertilizatora. Najjača korelaciona povezanost ustanovljena je između žetvenog indeksa i mase zrna u klasu (0,898**), kao i između dužine klasa i broja plodnih klasića (0,877**). Na osnovu jednačine regresione analize utvrđeno je da jedinično povećanje broja plodnih klasića utiče na povećanje broja zrna u klasu za 0,573.

Tillage methods and intensity can be used as means of improving macronutrient and trace element concentration in soil and crops. A two-year field experiment was conducted to examine the impact of two cropping systems—intensive (ICS) and conservation (CCS), on the macro- and microelements in the soil and their accumulation in the grain of two cultivars of winter wheat. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications of each tillage treatment. The results showed that the content of available N (0.7 kg ha−1) and organic matter (0.04%) slightly increased in CCS compared to ICS. The concentrations of Ca, K, and S macroelements and microelements such asBa, Cr, Hg, and Sr in the soil were significantly higher in CCS than in ICS. Higher concentrations of macroelements K and P, microelements such asFe, Zn, and As, and the greater value of the bioaccumulation factor for elements essential to humans such as P, Cu, Fe, and Zn, were also found in CCS compared to ICS. On the other hand, wheat cultivars grown in ICS were more efficient at accumulating macroelements and some trace elements than ones grown in CCS. While it is not without challenges, the conservation cropping system could represent an important part of the long-term strategy to sustainably improve soil fertility and the nutritional quality of the wheat grain.

Growing technology, especially tillage and fertilization of economically important crop species such as wheat, plays a very important role in weed control. Successful weed control in the crop in turn significantly affects the formation of grain yield, both in quantity and quality. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of sustainable (mulch - and no- tillage) and conventional farming system on weed infestation of winter wheat. Basic fertilization was uniform (600 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15) while weed infestation differences between three levels of nitrogen fertilization in top dressing (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) were examined. The variety Pobeda, selected at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, served as the object of investigation. The examination was performed at "Radmilovac" on the experimental school property of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zemun within the four- crop rotation (maize-winter wheat-spring barley + red clover-red clover) on leached chernozem soil type in a two-year period. The system of conventional tillage showed the highest efficiency in the weed control (number of weed species and number of weed plants per species) of the two conservation systems. The next is the system of mulch tillage, which may be of interest for practice, while the system of no tillage had the lowest efficiency in the control of weeds, especially perennials. Increasing the amount of nitrogen in the top dressing reduces weeds in all tillage systems, mainly due to the stronger competitiveness of winter wheat. The highest fresh biomass of weeds was measured in the no-tillage system (especially in the second year of investigation) due to the significantly higher presence of perennial broadleaf weeds.