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As a precious biological substance, donated blood has to be used in a sustainable, safe and efficient manner. Therefore good transfusion practice in modern surgery, anaesthesiology and intensive care is of key importance. New therapeutic methods, operations, transplantation of organs and hematopoietic stem cells often require intensive and long term supportive therapy including transfusions of blood components. Nowadays, transfusion service is confronted with continuously increasing demand for sufficient quantity of safe high quality blood, and on the other hand with limited resources of blood. The article deals with the current modern approaches for optimization of transfusion practice and Patient Blood Management that have to be implemented in Slovenian hospitals.

During the epoch of human progress and ecology there is a big interest for malware ecology as wel protection against them. Araund 60 million vehicles are produced per year and 800 million vehicles are in traffic today in the world. The biggest power has been situated in transport sector: up to15 times bigger of all energy resources in the EU. The overall pollution of environment -air, water and soil-enforcement genetic basesuncontrolled changes wherever the entire world of our Planet exists. The global conclusion is that there is no change to change the road fleet from fossil fuels to electric power.

Results of tests made in 1964 confirm the previous findings that live oral vaccine, prepared from streptomycin-dependent strains of shigellae, confers a strong, type-specific protection against acute bacillary dysentery. This vaccine did not reduce the carrier rate of shigellae. Observations on soldiers treated with a vaccine of Shigella flexneri serotypes 2a and 3 combined revealed no antagonizing effects from the type 3 component upon the protective effect of the 2a component contained in the same vaccine.

Sekvenciranje DNK sledeće generacije (pouzdano, brzo i jeftino i ima mogućnost očitavanja sekvence lanaca dužine jednog hromozoma), značajno je za primene u zdravstvu, naročito u personalizovanoj medicini, biotehnologiji i bezbednosti, sa mogućim dubokim uticajem na društvo. Pristupi zasnovani na nanoporama pojavili su se kao platforme za sekvenciranje DNK i proteina, gde varijacija jonske struje tokom elektroforetičke translokacije jednolančane DNK (jDNK) kroz nanoporu dekodira sekvencu nukleotida. Uprkos napretku, izazovi u rezoluciji i očitavanju dugačkih lanaca zahtevaju nove pristupe. Zarad povećanja rezolucije, nanoelektrode se mogu postaviti na obodima nanopore da bi se iskoristila transverzalna elektronska struja tuneliranja kroz nukleotide i unakrsno korelalisala sa jonskom radi pouzdanijeg očitavanja. U ovoj disertaciji [1,2,3] izučavane su elektronske i transportne osobine nukleotida u nanoprocepu između elektroda od ugljeničnih nanocevi terminisanih azotom u cilju njihove moguće primene u sekvenciranju jDNK koristeći teoriju funkcionala gustine i formalizam neravnotežne Grinove funkcije. Na osnovu numerički izračunate I-V karakteristike za različite nukleotide predloženo je da se rektifikacija struje (odgovor na kvadratne pulseve naizmeničnog napona) nukleotida koristi kao dobar parametar za očitavanje sekvence DNK koji poseduje rezoluciju od jednog nukleotida zbog svoje visoke selektivnosti i robustnosti orijentacije molekula u odnosu na elektrode. Rektifikacija nastaje zbog naponske zavisnosti asimetrije otpora na interfejsima nukleotid-elektroda. Asimetrija indukuje naelektrisavanje molekula i to da energija HOMO prati promenu elektrohemijskog potencijala jedne od elektroda, potpomognuto efektom električnog polja unutar procepa izazvanog dipolima na krajevima elektroda. Next-generation DNA sequencing (reliable, fast, and inexpensive, and capable of reading a single-chromosome-size chains) is great importance for applications in healthcare, especially personalized medicine, biotechnology, and security, with potentially profound societal impacts. Nanopore-based approaches have emerged as platforms for DNA and protein sequencing, where ionic current variation during singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) electrophoretic translocation through the nanopore decodes the nucleotide sequence. Despite progress, the challenges in resolving and reading long chains require new approaches. To increase the resolution, side-embedded nanoelectrodes could be placed on nanopore edges to exploit the transverse electronic tunneling current through nucleotides and cross-correlate with the ionic current for a more reliable reading. In this dissertation, the electronic and transport properties of nucleotides placed in a nanogap between nitrogen-terminated carbon nanotube electrodes were studied for their possible application in ssDNA sequencing using density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. Based on numerically calculated I-V characteristics for different nucleotides, a current rectification (response to square pulses of alternating voltage) of nucleotides is proposed as a good parameter for DNA sequence readout with a resolution of one nucleotide due to its high selectivity and robustness to electrode-molecule orientation. Rectification arises because of biasdependent resistance asymmetry at the nucleotide-electrode interfaces. The asymmetry induces molecular charging and the HOMO energy pinning to the electrochemical potential of one of the electrodes, assisted by an in-gap electric-field effect caused by dipoles at the terminated electrode ends.

U ovoj disertaciji su obrađena tri značajna problema u teorijskoj fizici kondenzovanog stanja posredstvom dualnih pristupa. Prvi deo doktorata obuhvata ispitivanje eksitonske disperzije četiri aromatična ugljovodonika. Teorijske krive, bazirane na modelu Frenkelovih neinteragujućih eksitona, upoređene su sa eksperimentalnim podacima i uočeno je zadovoljavajuće slaganje. Perturbativne korekcije, koje potiču od eksiton-eksiton interakcija, su zanemarljive. U drugoj glavi doktorata ispitana je korelacija između kvantne zamršenosti i kvantne koherentnosti u sistemima spinskih kubita. Veza je istražena u sistemima sa Đalošinski-Morija interakcijom, kao i dva tipa anizotropije. Metod kvantne renormalizacione grupe korišćen je za uočavanje korelacije u sistemima različitih dimenzija, ali i za ispitivanje veze dve kvantno-informatičke veličine sa kvantnim faznim prelazima sistema. Treća glava doktorata posvećena je analizi odzivnefunkcije i najvećeg Ljapunovljevog eksponenta jako prigušenog Frenkel-Kontorova modela sa dva tipa neharmonijskog konveksnog međučestičnog potencijala. Dobijeni rezultati su upoređeni sa rezultatima standardnog Frenkel-Kontorova modela, kao isa dostupnim eksperimentalnim podacima u sistemima talasa gustine naboja, Džozefsonovih spojeva i koloidnim sistemima. Uočeni su tragovi dinamičkog zaključavanja i Šapirovi stepenici u oba smera kretanja čestica., In this doctoral thesis, a dual approach is used to examine three significant condensed matter physics problems. In the first part of the thesis, the exciton dispersion is examined in the case of four aromatic hydrocarbons. The theoretical curves, based on the model of noninteracting Frenkel excitons, are compared to the experimental data and they agree satisfyingly. The perturbative corrections, originating from exciton-exciton interactions, are negligible. In the second chapter of the thesis, correlation between quantum entanglement and quantum coherence is examined for spin qubit systems. The correlation is explored in the systems with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and two types of anisotropy. The quantum renormalization group method is used not only to examine the mentioned bond in both smaller and larger systems but also to investigate the connection between two quantum information entities and the system’s quantum phase transitions. Analysis of the response function and the largest Lyapunov exponent of the overdamped Frenkel-Kontorova model with two types of anharmonic convex interparticle potentials is presented in the third chapter. The results are compared to the standard Frenkel-Kontorova model results as well as the experimental data obtained in systems of charge density waves, Josephson junction arrays and colloidal systems. The dynamical modelocking and Shapiro steps are observed in both directions of particles’ motion.

U okviru ove disetacije predstavljeni su rezultati proučavanja dinamike rešetke dva tipa materijala sa jakim elektronskim korelacijama metodom Ramanove spektroskopije... In this thesis the Raman scattering study results of two types of strongly correlated materials are presented...