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The methods of direct, reverse and hybrid substitutions are suggested to be used to solve problems of formation of preset commutation states of complex polychannel systems and networks. The first method generates all possible solutions, it is easily algorithmized and allows for additional requirements when selecting compounds. The second method allows to determine a solution quickly, but it requires intelligent support, hardly describes all the possible solutions and has certain difficulties with taking into account of additional conditions. The hybrid substitution method combines the advantages of the first two methods and minimizes their weaknesses.

C15H14O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.664(2) Å, b = 14.406(3) Å, c = 7.686(1) Å, β = 94.260(3)°, V = 1177.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0417, wRref(F2) = 0.1036, T = 103 K.

Background and Aims: Left atrial (LA) enlargement has been repeatedly shown to be associated with the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). In clinical practice, several parameters are available to determine LA enlargement: LA diameter index (LADI), LA area index (LAAI), or LA volume index (LAVI). We investigated the predictive power of these individual LA parameters for AF in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)., Methods: LAETITIA is a retrospective observational study that reflects the clinical reality of acute stroke care in Germany. Consecutive patient cases with acute ischemic cerebrovascular event (CVE) in 2019 and 2020 were identified from the Mannheim stroke database. Predictive power of each LA parameter was determined by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves. A cutoff value was determined. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the strongest LA parameter as an independent predictor of AF in patients with acute ischemic CVE., Results: A total of 1,910 patient cases were included. In all, 82.0% of patients had suffered a stroke and 18.0% had a TIA. Patients presented with a distinct cardiovascular risk profile (reflected by a CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥2 prior to hospital admission in 85.3% of patients) and were moderately affected on admission [median NIHSS score 3 (1; 8)]. In total, 19.5% of patients had pre-existing AF, and 8.0% were newly diagnosed with AF. LAAI had the greatest AUC of 0.748, LADI of 0.706, and LAVI of 0.719 (each p < 0.001 vs. diagonal line; AUC-LAAI vs. AUC-LADI p = 0.030, AUC-LAAI vs. AUC-LAVI p = 0.004). LAAI, increasing NIHSS score on admission, and systolic heart failure were identified as independent predictors of AF in patients with acute ischemic CVE. To achieve a clinically relevant specificity of 70%, a cutoff value of ≥10.3 cm 2 /m 2 was determined for LAAI (sensitivity of 69.8%)., Conclusion: LAAI revealed the best prediction of AF in patients with acute ischemic CVE and was confirmed as an independent risk factor. An LAAI cutoff value of 10.3 cm 2 /m 2 could serve as an inclusion criterion for intensified AF screening in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source in subsequent studies., Competing Interests: CF received consulting and/or lecture fees from AstraZeneca GmbH (Hamburg, Germany), Bayer Vital GmbH (Leverkusen, Germany), and Impulse Dynamics Germany GmbH (Frankfurt am Main, Germany). The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Alonso, Kraus, Ebert, Nikolayenko, Kruska, Sandikci, Lesch, Duerschmied, Platten, Baumann, Szabo, Akin and Fastner.)

The Amu Darya River, one of the most important water resources for Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, was declared a World Disaster Zone in 1991. The great increase in irrigation and the use of pesticides has led to both a lack of water and drinking water contamination. The aim of the present study, part of an EU project on water management guidelines, was to evaluate the leachability of 71 organic pesticides commonly employed in the area, and to assess compounds that could potentially contaminate the river and impair drinking water quality. A multivariate approach is proposed for the pesticide screening, condensing information from different environmental partition indexes (GUS, "modified LEACH", LIN) into a single ranking, the Global Leachability Index (GLI). For a selected data set in water medium this super-index identifies three classes with a risk potential for pesticide leachability, and allows the selection of a small number of chemicals for an analytical survey.