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Current trends in the application of bioindication methods are related to the use of submersible tools that perform real‐time measurements directly in the studied aquatic environment. The methods based on the registration of changes in the behavioral responses of zooplankton, in particular Crustaceans, which make up the vast majority of the biomass in water areas, seem quite promising. However, the multispecies composition of natural planktonic biocenoses poses the need to consider the potential difference in the sensitivity of organisms to pollutants. This paper describes laboratory studies of the phototropic response of plankton to attracting light. The studies were carried out on a model natural community that in equal amounts includes Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, and Cyclops vicinus, as well as on the monoculture groups of these species. The phototropic response was initiated by the attracting light with a wavelength of 532 nm close to the local maximum of the reflection spectrum of chlorella microalgae. Standard potassium bichromate was used as the model pollutant. The largest phototropic response value is registered in the assemblage. The concentration growth rate of crustaceans in the illuminated volume was 4.5 ± 0.3 ind (L min)−1. Of the studied species, the phototropic response was mostly expressed in Daphnia magna (3.7 ± 0.4 ind (L min)−1), while in Daphnia pulex, it was reduced to 2.4 ± 0.2 ind (L min)−1, and in Cyclops vicinus, it was very small—0.16 ± 0.02 ind (L min)−1. This is caused by peculiar trophic behavior of phyto‐ and zoophages. The addition of a pollutant, namely potassium bichromate, caused a decrease in the concentration rate of crustaceans in the attracting light zone, while a dose‐dependent change in phototropic responses was observed in a group of species and the Daphnia magna assemblage. The results of laboratory studies showed high potential of using the phototropic response of zooplankton to monitor the quality of its habitat thus ensuring the early diagnostics of water pollution. Besides, the paper shows the possibility of quantifying the phototropic response of zooplankton using submersible digital holographic cameras (DHC)., This paper describes laboratory studies of the phototropic response of plankton to attracting light. The studies were carried out on a model natural community that in equal amounts includes Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, and Cyclops vicinus, as well as on the monoculture groups of these species. The phototropic response was initiated by the attracting light with a wavelength of 532 nm close to the local maximum of the reflection spectrum of chlorella microalgae. The results of laboratory studies showed high potential of using the phototropic response of zooplankton to monitor the quality of its habitat thus ensuring the early diagnostics of water pollution.

A method for creating continuous-flow microwave installations for defrosting and heating cow’s milk is developed on the basis of a step-by-step systematization of methods for optimizing the electrodynamic and structural-technological parameters of the installation, which allow preserving the feed value of raw materials. Construction of the resonator radiodermatitis microwave installation continuous-flow action allows you to implement the innovative idea of separation processes defrosting and heating colostrum in accordance with the nature of the change of dielectric properties of materials in the range of negative and positive temperatures to speed up the process, allowing you to keep feeding value of colostrum. The developed two-resonator installation most fully implements the main criteria of the technological process: acceleration of the processes of defrosting and heating of cow colostrum; continuous-flow mode in the presence of electromagnetic safety; variability of the plant performance due to the use of several air-cooled magnetrons. The total power of the microwave installation is 4.5 kW with a capacity of 35...40 kg/h, specific energy costs of 0.12...0.13 kWh/kg. The duration of the process is reduced by 4 times, and, consequently, the cortical value of colostrum is preserved. The basic colostrum defroster, with a capacity of 6 kW, operates at an energy cost of 0.3 kWh / kg, the process duration reaches 1.5...2 hours. The improved conical resonator allows to preserve the conditions for the occurrence of resonant oscillations due to the re-reflections of higher-order electromagnetic waves from critical sections and provides for the limitation of electromagnetic wave radiation without an additional shielding housing. The efficiency of a quasi-stationary toroidal resonator, estimated by the magnitude of the electric field strength (EF), the generator power and the intrinsic Q-factor is 0.93

This article presents results of the polarization laser studies of the optical and microphysical characteristics of the high-level clouds (HLC). The high-altitude matrix polarization lidar (HAMPL; Tomsk, Russia) is described. HAMPL measures vertical profiles of all elements of the backscattering phase matrix (BSPM) of the HLC. Based on the joint analysis of lidar and radiosonde observations it is shown that the spatial structure of the HLC containing oriented ice crystals is inhomogeneous in the horizontal wind direction. It includes local areas with oriented particles; the sizes of such areas are estimated together with the most probable meteorological conditions of their formation. The shortcomings of the radiosonde observations performed closest to the location of the HAMPL are described. The applicability of the ERA5 reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for use as an alternative source of information on the vertical profiles of meteorological quantities for the interpretation of HLC lidar sensing data in Western Siberia was checked.

This study shows that the use of a submersible digital holographic camera as part of a multifunctional hardware and software complex allows carrying out in situ measurements of plankton, automating the process of obtaining data on plankton, as well as classifying plankton species up to an order within the specified taxonomic groups. Such automation ensures monitoring expeditionary or stationary research of species diversity and spatial and temporal organization of zooplankton in conjunction with the hydrophysical parameters of the medium. This paper presents the full-scale results of vertical profiles and daily measurements of plankton made with the use of the submersible digital holographic camera as well as the classification of plankton in laboratory and field conditions in the automatic mode. It is shown that, within the accomplished version, the classification algorithm using the morphological parameter makes it possible to solve the problem quickly (the time required to obtain the result is less than 1 s and depends on the number of plankton particles and the frame size of a restored image); however, the classification accuracy by orders varies within 50–60%.

The paper presents the underwater digital holographic sensor that can solve the tasks of monitoring the ecosystem biodiversity and bioproductivity for fisheries. The sensor is adapted for use in the accompanying measurement mode. The results of in situ testing of the sensor are presented.

The use of subsoil-scattered seeding of cereal crops allows to achieve seed distribution on the packed bed along the entire width of the seeding machine. With this seeding method, the seeds are evenly distributed relative to each other, which creates the same conditions for nutrition and plant growth. In order to obtain a better distribution of seeds in the podlag space, the use of air flow is suggested when transporting seeds from the seeder to the opener and the oscillatory process of the distributor. The flow of the air-grain flow from the cantilevered suspension elastic tube causes the action of longitudinal compressive forces, the directions of which coincide with the tangent to the axis at the end of the tube, that is, the so-called “tracking” force arises. The deviations of an elastic scattering pipe under conditions of relatively small and large deviations from the axis of the pipe are considered. This approach of theoretical research allows us to judge the correctness of the selected models by agreeing on the results obtained. Based on the results of the study, analytical expressions were obtained that allow us to determine the coordinates of the location of the deflected tube as a function of the speed of the air-grain flow for a qualitative distribution of seeds in the sublobe space, the critical value of the tube deflection angle equal to θ = 1.173 rad, which corresponds to the coefficient of friction of the medium fm = 0 , 2.

The article deals with the impact of various harmonic vibrations of the musical range on the productivity (yield) of farm animals. Intensification of animal husbandry is impossible without automation and mechanization of production. Along with this, the use of machine milking for cattle (cattle) often becomes another cause of mass animal diseases. For example, mastitis, along with numerous other causes, is often caused by milking machines, which because of their uniformity do not always correspond to both size and shape of the mammary gland of different cows. The relevance of this issue is increasing in connection with the intensification of modern livestock and the replacement of the relationship “man-animal” to the more rigid “man-machine-animal” relationship. At the same time, we must remember that the cow - a creature extremely pedantic, easily irritable, knows its milkmaid well, and it is only necessary to replace this milkmaid with another one, as I immediately begin to fall down. To reduce the stress state of cattle, it is possible to use, for example, classical music, which leads to an increase in the amount of milk in mammals. Together with this, under the influence of rock music, it drops sharply. This influence is explained by the fact that different ranges of acoustic harmonic oscillations resonate with different parts of the brain or organs of the body. We studied the influence of four types of musical works (tracks), differing from each other by the intensity of low, medium and high frequencies. These are works by P.I. Tchaykovskiy, A. Mozart, Indian tracks and works performed on the violin. Studies have shown that there is a difference in the milk yield obtained in the control, as well as in the use of musical works. The greatest effect was obtained using the works of A. Mozart, consisting in increasing the milk yield by 15 ... 18% compared with the control. The carried out technical and economic calculations confirmed the profitability of the proposed measures for the application of harmonic variations in the musical range to increase the productivity of Holstein cows.

The article deals with the diagnostics of power transformers by different methods. Particular attention is paid to modern methods and diagnostic tools that maximally allow to determine the state of the transformer. Based on the statistical processing of the results of the research, the authors indicate that the most common failures are: damage to the windings of transformers with the possibility of regulation under load, without disconnecting power and leaving consumers without power supply (RPN) for any period of operation. The greatest number of damages for transformers with on-load tap-changers with a service life of 10-30 years, for high-voltage bushings after 10 years of operation. The most severe damage to the transformer is an internal short circuit (short circuit). These types of overvoltage cause damage to the windings in 80% of the total number of damage, high-voltage bushings - 89%, RPN - 25% and other elements - 36%. It is indicated that a serious consequence occurs when such defects develop, as: the reduction of the electrical strength of the oil channel of high-voltage hermetic bushings due to deposition of sediment on the inner surface of porcelain and on the surface of internal insulation; reduction of the electrical strength of paper-oil insulation of high-voltage leaky inlets due to moisture and pollution; humidification, contamination and wear (aging) of the insulation of the windings; burn-out of the coil insulation and windings of the windings because of the long non-operation of the through-current fault on the low-voltage side of the transformer; errors in installation, repair and operation. In the conclusions it is recommended to supply the manufacturers of power transformers with means for diagnosing the main elements of power transformers, which should be built-in. Particular mention was made of the need to focus in the future on improving existing and creating new methods for monitoring equipment of power transformers.

The paper describes the developed ultrahigh-frequency installations with toroidal and conical resonators used for separating rabbits’ fur from hides providing high electric field strength, continuity of the technological process while observing radio-tightness and improving the quality of fluff by improving microwave technology and ultra-high-frequency installations. The technological process of collecting hair from rabbits’ skins in a microwave device with toroidal resonators is due to the weakening of the retention of the hair cover in hair follicles during the selective dielectric heating of the components of the skin and the spraying of the brine. In a biconical resonator, it is possible to obtain the highest possible high quality factor due to small longitudinal currents in the walls. The presence of gaps in the outermost regions provides the ability to move the skin through the internal cavity of the biconical resonator, where the emitters are located in the region of its maximum diameter.

The public of our country makes ever-increasing demands on milk in terms of safety and nutritional values. In accordance with the requirements of the Interstate Standard GOST 31449-2013 “Raw milk of cow. Specifications” the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms should not exceed 1.0×105 CFU/cm3, the number of somatic cells - 4.0×105 in 1 cm3 in milk. The dairy industry places high demands on milk quality, namely, on bacterial contamination. Dairy products of high quality can only be obtained from good raw materials. High bacterial contamination worsens the quality of raw milk and its processed products and creates a certain risk factor for human health. In the Chuvash Republic, studies were carried out on the use of modern domestic iodine-containing preparations and lactic acid-based preparations for the treatment of the udder of cows. At the same time, the sanitary-hygienic condition of the udder’s nipples was improved, the microbiological seeding and the number of somatic cells decreased, and the grade of milk of cows was increased. When treatment the udder of cows before milking by Violet and after milking by Lactovit, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in milk decreased by 22.9 times, the number of somatic cells - by 2.0 times. When using Monklavit-1, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms decreased by 25.0 and the number of somatic cells decreased 2.5 times. It was found that the efficiency of Monclavit-1 using is higher 1.1 times according to the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms and 1.5 times according to the number of somatic cells, than treatment of the udder of cows by Violet and Lactovite. The use of modern udder treatment means allowed to improve milk quality from the second to the highest grade.

In the present work, we suggest to use a hydrobiological Digital Holographic Camera (DHC) probe for plankton research in the habitat to solve the problem of getting, digitizing, and exchanging plankton data. Technical possibilities of the developed hydrobiological DHC probe are considered based on real field data of full-scale marine works in different water areas. Variants necessary for network applications are discussed.

A brief analysis of suspension mechanisms and ways to improve the quality of press harvesting for flax harvesting is considered. By researching the mathematical model, the authors prove the possibility of increasing the stability of the elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanisms by changing the angle between the levers or changing the geometry of the structure, for example, the attachment point of a two-arm lever. Particular attention is drawn to the new term “reduced rigidity” of the suspension mechanism. Using this notion and the method of its determination, the authors recommend determining the optimal value of the reduced stiffness of the suspension in the way of mathematical modeling and using this indicator as the main optimization parameter. The results of theoretical and experimental studies were presented by the authors in the form of elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanisms. When conducting a study of the mathematical model, it is suggested to take into account the condition of equality of the maximum values of the moments of forces from the action of the tension forces of the belts or the mass of the working element and the moment of forces acting on the side of the tension springs. During the research of the suspension mechanism, the actual dimensions of the PR-1.5 baler design were adopted. At the same time, we briefly describe the design of the improved tensioning mechanism of a baler for flax harvesting. A rather detailed analysis is given by the authors of the obtained elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanism. Some new features of the elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanism that have not been previously detected are described. To confirm the correctness of the reasoning, the authors implemented their research in a real press-picker and conducted field research that confirmed the possibility of improving the quality of the upgraded version of the machine. To confirm the results of the research, the authors presented a fragment of the field test protocol. The task is solved, uniformity of the roll density is ensured and its density is increased.

The paper reports the results of strobing the lidar signal by an electro-optical shutter (EOS). The authors discuss the possibility to reduce the backscattered signal power in the near field up to 10-12 times, to increase the probe pulse energy by an order of magnitude, and thereby to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in atmospheric sensing in the daytime.