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Objectives: The article presents the results of the development of multi-channel timeslot measurement system for laser radar for space application. Methods: FPGA Spartan-6 system (Xilinx, USA) was used for the development of our system. Vernier method was applied for timeslot measurement that enabled to obtain high accuracy of the results without using high-frequency signals. Findings: The result of our work was the development of time-to-digital converters (TDC) with extremely low sensitivity to temperature changes. At the same time our TDC was a complete digital device and had lower sensitivity to electromagnetic interference and noise in the supply chain. The results of this development could be interesting to a wide range of specialists focusing on the development of digital systems for both ground and space application. Improvements: A 64-channel TDC has been developed. Due to the self-measurement of characteristics in real time the developed TDC does not require additional correction and adjustment before use. more...

The article deals with theoretical approaches to the design of the experimental samples of robotic outer chest compression system for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) functioning in accordance with principles of theranostics. The required number of components and their characteristics has been determined and justified in order to realize the mentioned principles in the robotic system. The software to control the operation of the experimental sample of the robotic system has been developed. This article presents the first data on the development of the new external cardiac compressor working in the adaptive mode and describes electronics used in this compressor. more...

The article outlines the approach to applying the mechatronic technologies and robotic systems in carrying out the brachytherapy operations. To calculate the elastic state of the flexible needles of different geometry in the prostate model, a mathematical model of the flexible needle deformation has been applied which took into account the medium reaction and was based on the theory of flexible and elastic rods. The numeric calculations for different types of needles have been introduced for the first time. Also for the first time the advantages of applying flexible needles for brachytherapy procedure have been mathematically justified. more...

The article considers the results of scientific research works on creation of hydrodynamic and functional experimental benches for pre-clinical physiological tests of new mechatronic peristaltic blood pumps. The conclusion states the need in carrying out such tests before the start of biological experiments involving animals. An example of the device developed at Central Research Institute of Robotics and Cybernetics-a centrifugal pump-having optimal physiological characteristics is provided. The novelty of the proposed approaches to creation of hydrodynamic and functional experimental benches, as well as their technical equipment and data obtained as a result of the experiments, form a new approach to conduct of preclinical and physiological tests of mechatronic peristaltic pumps. more...

Review of the recent developments in steerable needles and control algorithms of their movements in curvilinear directions in the human body for the modern robotic system to perform brachytherapy in prostate cancer patients is presented. Advantages of steerable needles over the standard ones are described; design aspects of these needles and results of the phantom studies are discussed. Scientific novelty consists in structuring the research information on the newest approaches in the prostate cancer treatment using brachytherapy, about the methods and tools that improve the quality of procedures, reducing time of procedure and making it safer. more...

Every year in Russia circa 300,000 people die of cardiac arrest. Modern effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) facilitates preserving the blood circulation and breathing functions to the degree, required for the patient’s survival in cardiac arrest. CPR includes the patient’s chest compression at a specific frequency rate and the execution of the induced ventilation of lungs. The review considers the unassisted (manual) CPR methods; the existing devices for CPR are discussed, their advantages and disadvantages are described; the necessity to develop new complex smart mechatronic devices for external chest compression, drastically different from the existing systems, is justified. more...

Manual chest compression method as a part of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a common, but not necessarily effective method of emergency in cases of the sudden cardiac arrest. In turn, the efficiency of methods using special apparatus for CPR depends on how a particular automatic system is simple to set up, operate and maintain. The article presents the data on the Russian External Cardiac Compressor (ECC) of original design for efficient chest compression and maintaining patient’s blood pressure at the required level. The algorithms of automatic operation of the ECC and the results of experimental measurements, confirming the efficiency of the proposed algorithms are described. This is the first publication on the new Russian ECC and methods of its operation. more...