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Drawings by psychiatric patients were studied in various states (i) in depression; (ii) after neuroleptic injection; and (iii) during left hemisphere suppression induced by unilateral electroconvulsive seizure (UES). In these states, right hemisphere activation predominates. The results of the study demonstrate that, under the predominance of right hemisphere activation over the left hemisphere, there is a tendency to reproduce the image of the object and to represent it in near space. Drawings by psychiatric patients were also investigated in (i) the manic state; (ii) after injection of psychotropic drugs which improved the mood; and (iii) during right hemisphere suppression following right-sided UES. Under these conditions, left hemisphere activation predominates and the drawings loose the illusion of three-dimensional space. A tendency to reproduce the knowledge and the ideas of the object and to represent it in distant space was observed. Thus, both hemispheres may represent space and elaborate perceptive and conceptional models of the world in different ways. It is probable that different types of representation are based on global (right-hemispheric) in comparison with focal (left-hemispheric) attention to space.

By means of graphic test (drawing on irregular grid) the preference of the space parts by patients in depressive and maniac states and also after the injection of psychotropic agents (antidepressants and neuroleptics) was studied. In depression and also after the injection of neuroleptics such modus of graphic test execution was revealed which can be conditionally determined as integral structuring of the space with the preference (high actuality) to its left part. The proofs are given that such type of test execution is typical for predominance of activation of the right hemisphere over the left one. In the manic state and after administration of improving mood drugs, a quite different type of grid filling is revealed, which is determined as fractional structuring of space with a decrease of actuality of its left part. Such type of space representation is typical for predominance of activation of the left hemisphere over the right one.

After unilateral electroshocks the following stages of the recovery of EEG may be defferentiated in man: residual seizure activity, flat EEG, low-amplitude polyform arrhythmia, monoform delta-rhythm, synchronized teta- and alpha-rhythms. It is assumed that changes of these stages reflect the migration of EEG pacemakers within the system of hierarchically interrelated brain structures, which provide for various forms of regulation of the electrical activity of the cortex. It was shown that in each of the hemispheres, pacemakers operate relatively independently and that electrical stimulation of the dominant (left) hemisphere affects brain activity to a greater extent than stimulation of nondominant (right) hemisphere. The ascending influences of desynchronizing systems of the brain stem are less lateral as compared to the ascending pathways of hypothalamic and thalamic structures.

Deep vein thrombosis of low extremities is the commonest complication in postsurgical urology. Difficult for diagnosis it induces thromboembolism of pulmonary artery contributing from 11.1 to 66 per cent to the rate of total postsurgical mortality. Possibility of solving the problem depends strongly on the development of efficient technique of phlebothrombosis prevention. The paper deals with the corresponding research conducted in 202 urologic patients aged from 40 to 90 years. The control group (108 persons) was subjected to routine nonspecific methods of thromboembolism prevention. The research group (94 patients) was additionally prone to the treatment with low dosages of heparin. The effect of the treatment was assessed with 125I-fibrinogen radionuclide test. Low-dosage heparin treatment resulted in a 3.3-fold decrease in the number of patients who developed postsurgery phlebothrombosis of low extremities. Incidence of thrombosis in them was 4.2-fold lower. Besides, there was a reduction in bilateral and macrofocal thrombosis incidence (11 and 11.5 times as less, respectively). The effect of the chemotherapy closely correlated with the pattern of surgical intervention and the dosage of the drug used. Low dosages of heparin (10,000 U per 24 hrs) administered to the patients with adenectomized prostate resulted in a 2.1-fold decrease in the number of those who developed deep venous thromboses of low extremities and a 3.4-fold decrease in the number of thrombosed extremities as low-dosage heparin treatment significantly influenced the incidence of bilateral thrombosis. When used as 15,000 U per 24 hrs in those patients who were exposed to lithotomy or nephrectomy the drug led to a 5-fold decrease in the incidence of phlebothrombosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)