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Wound infections, marked by the proliferation of microorganisms at surgical sites, necessitate the development of innovative wound dressings with potent bactericidal properties to curb microbial growth and prevent bacterial infiltration. This study explores the recent strides in utilizing ionic liquid-based polymers as highly promising antimicrobial agents for advanced wound healing applications. Specifically, cationic polymers containing quaternary ammonium, imidazolium, guanidinium, pyridinium, triazolium, or phosphonium groups have emerged as exceptionally effective antimicrobial compounds. Their mechanism of action involves disrupting bacterial membranes, thereby preventing the development of resistance and minimizing toxicity to mammalian cells. This comprehensive review not only elucidates the intricate dynamics of the skin's immune response and the various stages of wound healing but also delves into the synthesis methodologies of ionic liquid-based polymers. By spotlighting the practical applications of antimicrobial wound dressings, particularly those incorporating ionic liquid-based materials, this review aims to lay the groundwork for future research endeavors in this burgeoning field. Through a nuanced examination of these advancements, this article seeks to contribute to the ongoing progress in developing cutting-edge wound healing platforms that can effectively address the challenges posed by microbial infections in surgical wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to fabricate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of zein/polyvinyl alcohol (ZN/PVA) nanofibers containing 2% and 4% of thymoquinone (TQ), either alone or in combination with electrosprayed ZN nanoparticles containing 1% and 2% of resveratrol (RS). According to scanning electron microscopy analysis, the diameter of nanofibers and nanoparticles increased with increasing TQ and RS concentrations, respectively. The molecular interaction between ZN or PVA polymers and TQ or RS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of nanofibers did not change with the addition of TQ and RS. Moreover, incorporation of TQ in nanofibers along with RS nanoparticles increased their antibacterial and free radical scavenging activities based on broth dilution and DPPH methods, respectively (p ≤.05). Escherichia coli O157:H7 (as a Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria) was more resistant to all treatments than Staphylococcus aureus (as a Gram‐positive pathogenic bacteria). In addition, the combined use of TQ in nanofibers and RS nanoparticles had antagonistic antibacterial and synergistic antioxidant effects. The best results were obtained with ZN/PVA nanofiber containing 4% TQ and electrosprayed with 2% RS nanoparticles (p ≤.05). According to the results of the present study, biodegradable ZN/PVA nanofiber containing TQ and electrosprayed with RS nanoparticles can be used as a novel active packaging material in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a novel solid‐phase microextraction on a screw (MES) was employed to extract cationic dyes (malachite green, methylene blue, and rhodamine B) from food samples and fish breeding pool water. The sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) was electrophoretically deposited on the surface of the grooves of a screw. Then the screw was placed inside a silicon tube as a holder to create a channel to run a test solution through it. The extracted dyes on the coated screw were eluted by a suitable eluent. High‐performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet/visible detector was utilized for the separation and analysis of the analytes. The effective parameters of the analyte extraction efficiency were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 0.15 μg/L, and calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.50–250.00 μg/L, with coefficients of determination > 0.989 for all studied dyes. The relative standard deviations of intra and inter‐day (n = 3) were in the range of 2.8%–7.0% and 7.0%–9.5%, respectively. The MES was applied as a simple and repeatable method with acceptable relative recoveries (82.0%–103.0%) for the determination of cationic dyes in grape nectar, ice pop, jelly powder, and fish breeding pool water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the manganese complexes of N‐methylated meso‐tetra(2‐, 3‐, or 4 pyridyl)porphyrins, immobilized into the pores of the sodium salt of mesoporous amberlyst 15 nanoparticles (nanoAmbSO3Na), nanoAmbSO3@MnT(2‐MePy)P (OAc), nanoAmbSO3@MnT(3‐MePy)P (OAc), and nanoAmbSO3@MnT(4‐MePy)P (OAc), were synthesized and characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption/desorption porosimetry analysis, and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy. FESEM images revealed a particle size less than ~40 nm for the nanocomposites. The results of BET are in accord with the occupation of the larger pores of the polymer matrix in the case of MnT(2‐MePy)P (OAc) as the most sterically demanding metalloporphyrin of the series, and the smaller pores in the case of the other ones. The immobilized manganese porphyrins were used as catalysts for the oxidation of olefins with sodium periodate in the presence of imidazole (ImH) as the co‐catalyst. The negligible oxidative destructions of the immobilized manganese porphyrins under the oxidative conditions allowed the comparison of the inherent catalytic activity of the metalloporphyrins, decreased as nanoAmbSO3@MnT(4‐MePy)P (OAc) > nanoAmbSO3@MnT(3‐MePy)P (OAc) ≫ nanoAmbSO3@MnT(2‐MePy)P (OAc). Contrary to the general belief that electron‐deficient metalloporphyrins are more efficient catalysts than the electron‐rich ones, the most electron‐deficient metalloporphyrin of the series, that is, nanoAmbSO3@MnT(2‐MePy)P (OAc), showed the lowest catalytic activity. Due to the high oxidative stability of the immobilized manganese porphyrins, ring opening of epoxide competes with the epoxidation reaction to decrease the yield of epoxide at longer reaction times than the optimized one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]