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International tourists in Malaysia have been playing a significant role in the economy. However, tourists' consumption of natural resources could be a threat to the environment. Green practices in the hotel industry have triggered a great opportunity to save water and energy consumption and maintain sustainable practices in the tourism and hospitality industries. This is a study on international tourists' intention to visit green hotels in Malaysia with related factors such as green availability, green price sensitivity, attitude, and subjective norm. For data collection, the researchers used self-administered questionnaires and distributed them to international tourists in Malaysia. For the analysis, structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied for analysis. Results found that green price sensitivity, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively influence tourists' intention to visit green hotels in Malaysia. Attitude also mediated between green price sensitivity and tourists' intention to visit green hotels in Malaysia. This study has shown the novelty by establishing the relationships among variables and contributing to the Theory of Planned Behaviour, which will benefit future researchers. The study posed several recommendations for practitioners as there is a need to maintain appropriate standards of environmentally friendly practices in hotels, and consumers' support for consuming green-related products impacts their survival, growth, and sustainability. It will help hotel managers learn more about their guests and create more effective marketing plans.

COVID-19 outbreaks are the critical challenge to the administrative units of all worldwide nations. India is also more concerned about monitoring the virus’s spread to control its growth rate by stringent behaviour. The present COVID-19 situation has huge impact in India, and the results of various preventive measures are discussed in this paper. This research presents different trends and patterns of data sources of States that suffered from the second wave of COVID-19 in India until 3rd July 2021. The data sources were collected from the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. This work reacts particularly to many research activities to discover the lockdown effects to control the virus through traditional methods to recover and safeguard the pandemic. The second wave caused more losses in the economy than the first wave and increased the death rate. To avoid this, various methods were developed to find infected cases during the regulated national lockdown, but the infected cases still harmed unregulated incidents. The COVID-19 forecasts were made on 3rd July 2021, using exponential simulation. This paper deals with the methods to control the second wave giving various analyses reports showing the impact of lockdown effects. This highly helps to safeguard from the spread of the future pandemic.

Global risk concerns spurred a debate regarding empowering an organization's risk management system. Risk assessment, management, and planning are vital for running a firm, but they are not universal. This research investigates how operational risk management is institutionalized in an organization and reveals best practices from a Malaysian government-linked enterprise (GLC). This phenomenological study interviewed 39 risk management officers, executives, and employees. Data are thematically analyzed. Burawoy's Social Theory uses a case study to integrate micro- and macro-organizational elements. The case company's risk management officers, executives, and employees are involved in seven processual factors, according to the analysis. Strong leadership and external consultants, setting up the apparatus and assigning the task to the person in charge, risk framework, risk diagnostic, monitor and measure, developing and nurturing risk management culture, and consistent risk management enforcement and monitoring could explain the institutionalization process of risk management in the organization. Global and local entities have institutionalized risk management. This phenomenological study helps comprehend the role of risk management institutionalization in corporate risk management. This study contributes to a practical implication such as to the GLC. It suggests that top management support and a standard risk framework are necessary for risk management homogeneity. Leaders and frameworks must address organizational processes and capabilities to ensure risk management consistency. This study contributes to the literature on risk management practices in developing nations. The paper concludes with limitations and research recommendations.

Businesses are becoming more conscious of operational risk management practices due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some firms practice risk management without fully comprehending how it might help them and their needs. As a result, companies that practice risk management without realizing it are being controlled by the discipline itself. The goal of this study is to look into the epistemic process of risk management practice in the workplace. This phenomenological study interviewed 39 risk management officers, executives, and employees. Data are thematically analyzed. This study discovered five epistemic processes of risk mapping using Foucault's governmentality paradigm. This phenomenological study, interestingly, revealed the black box of risk management practices, as well as the behavior of risk management officers, executives, and risk owners who preferred to monitor the compliance aspects of risk management practices rather than comprehend the capabilities of risk management that could be used within their strategic planning process. Unaware of this black box, organizational actors were blanketed by the organization's culture of fear, which created the impression that the authority was always watching every word said and every action taken. Practically, this study contributes an improved understanding of the real function of risk management that helps them justify the practice and reduce unnecessary fear. The paper concludes with limitations and research recommendations.

This paper intends to address how SMEs perceive the importance of the innovation-based capability and competency elements in their operations. Before any effort is made on improvising the SMEs’ performance, their perceptions of the importance of the innovation-based capability and competency elements must be understood by the change agents. Only upon understanding their perceptions can appropriate remedial and advisory steps be taken to assist them in their businesses. The issues of innovation have attracted much attention from research and industry in recent years; however, research has mostly focused on large enterprises with more resources, infrastructure, and capabilities, which leads to establishing innovation management. The combination of organisational, financing, owner, product or process, performance, and creative output elements has been considered significant in achieving success in SME businesses. The methodology used in this study includes purposive sampling involving 213 SME owners/managers selected from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry’s (MITI) list as the respondents of the study. The data were collected through survey questionnaires, while the frequency and descriptive analysis were used to derive the findings. The findings indicated that SME owners place the right importance on the elements of innovation capability, innovation competency. Meanwhile, for innovation output, they place the right importance on performance but less importance on creative output. Hence, the change agents must develop more awareness among SME owners regarding the importance of creative outputs as the most important determinant in the sustainability of innovation in their businesses.

The massive contagion diseases such as COVID-19 amongst others, has affected nearly all the economies and business concerns that leads to substantial decline in the cashflows and returns dynamics. Considering the same, this paper intends to investigate the impact of outbreak of epidemic diseases on the stock return (observed through cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR)) for the listed banks in Pakistan from 2011 to 2020. Event study method was employed and five days pre and ten days post event of each disease were observed as an event window. The results confirm that none of the epidemic disease outbreak significantly determines the CAAR for all listed banks, except COVID-19 and Dengue Fever during the event day. There is a negative and significant impact of COVID-19 on the stock returns for all the banks in Pakistan from the event day to day eight except day seven. More specifically, COVID-19 is found to be a significant indicator for the stock returns of private banks. However, in case of public listed banks, only the outbreak of HIV cases possesses significant and positive impact on CAAR at the day of event. These findings would guide all stakeholders such as investors, financial analysts, regulators, and chief risk officers specifically in banks to make strategic decisions while analyzing the relationship between epidemic outbreaks and stock returns. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

In this research, geotechnical properties and the relationship between cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (ϕ) with the SPT-N60 were investigated in 120 boreholes in the sedimentary basin of Kerman. Laboratory tests such as direct shear, triaxial, consolidation, and physical tests were carried out on soil samples extracted from the boreholes, and the SPT test was performed on all 120 boreholes. Since the soil in the area is CL, the SEM, XRD, XRF, physical, and mechanical properties of this soil were investigated. The artificial neural networks (ANN) and statistical analysis were used to estimate ϕ and c based on the SPT-N60. The petrography studies revealed that Quartz, Calcite, Dolomite, Albite, Illite, Clinochlore, and Microcline are the most plentiful minerals in this sedimentary basin. Also, the dominant clay is Illite. Illite clays, due to the low shear strength, have made some problems in the earth dams of the studied area. Results show that based on the SPT-N number, groundwater level, and soil texture the liquefaction hazard could not occur in this area. Previous equations are used to predict the c and ϕ and results are compared with this research. The obtained results from the ANN and statistical analysis showed that there is a good correlation between ϕ and c derived from the direct shear test with the SPT-N60. Based on R2, RMSE, P-value and Durbin-Watson statistics the correlation between c and the SPT-N60 is stronger than ϕ and the SPT-N60. Moreover, the ANN showed higher accuracy in predicting shear strength parameters compared to the simple regression.

Recently, the market of E-Learning is soaring and is known as a new paradigm in modern education. E-Learning acts as a medium, consisting of several types of computers and electronic media that are communication tools as well as the Internet, which provides training and informative access on certain subjects. By using E-Learning students can attend online classes anywhere, regardless of time and place. Generally, E-Learning is more geared towards self-training and is ideal for individuals who work full-time but desire to further their studies. Thus, this study has been developed and integrated with factors leading towards the effectiveness of E-Learning as a tool in Teaching and Learning (T&L) approach. A quantitative approach was applied by using a self-administered distribution of questionnaire targeted at higher education students. Therefore, the outcomes of this research will help to provide insightful information to the current education system in Malaysia, particularly in crafting strategies to enhance the learning education for the country in general.

Religion is so rich, comprehensive and complex that its different aspects exhibit differently in different perspectives and attitudes. Good employees express their opinions and beliefs honestly and participate in the organisational activities. In other words, they take actions that are not necessary but are useful for colleagues and organisations. These behaviours, called extra-role or organisational citizenship behaviours (OCB), refer to activities that are inherently spontaneous and conscious and are not directly and explicitly predicted by the organisation’s formal reward system, but generally enhance the organisation’s efficiency. The importance of such behaviours in religious and spiritual environments increases. Hence, this study aimed to determine the role of spiritual intelligence in exhibiting citizenship behaviours in the organisation. Therefore, 5000 employees of 40 manufacturing and services companies working in the education, finance, insurance and food sectors were selected by simple random sampling method as the statistical population of the study. Then, standard questionnaires were distributed amongst the participants, necessary data were collected and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse data. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and citizenship behaviours in organisations. Finally, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) results in linear structural relations (LISREL) showed that spiritual intelligence affects the citizenship behaviours (p = 0.68). Contribution: This article therefore contributes to the spirituality and spiritual intelligence of employees in the organisation as an aspect of religion.

It is observed that an educated labor force can increase the absorption capacity of the economy and improve the effectiveness of green technologies that lead to a reduction in potential CO2 emissions. The study investigates whether an educated labor force contributes to the management of the green economy or not in BRCS economies. Panel ARDL-PMG and NARDL-PMG approaches have been employed for empirical analysis for data ranging from 1995 to 2019. According to the ARDL-PMG results, a highly educated labor force contributes to alleviating CO2 emissions in the long run. In contrast, the findings of NARDL-PMG infer that positive component of a highly educated labor force has a significant negative impact on CO2 emissions, while negative component of a highly educated labor force has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in the long run. The study suggests that BRCS countries' policymakers should promote education and training for the labor force to maintain a reduction in CO2 emissions.

Tourism research identified that the risk element has a significant impact on tourist intention to travel and tourist destination choice criteria. The connection between domestic tourists perceived risk and revisit intention has not been widely explored mainly in Malaysia context, but the existing studies suggest a close connection among them.This study aims to examine the affect tourist perceived risk toward their revisit intention to visit tourist destination in Malaysia. A total of 384 sample valid responses were obtained.The sampling method for domestic tourist was convenience sampling method. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire which adapting the self-administered questionnaire distributionThe Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (SEM-PLS) was used to analyze the information. A Partial Least Square findings verified model fitness in the population studied. Similarly, the results of the path analysis found that the intention of visiting tourist destination in Malaysia was affected by physical and financial risk.

The expansion of Airbnb's environment in the hospitality and tourism industry has made a difference for customers to buy products or services. Over the years, customer behavioural intention has evolved according to various aspects and require to get more than expected to meet the needs and wants. Customers normally book accommodation online. Innovation disrupts Airbnb accommodation is an interesting element that causes customers to be wary of Airbnb. In line with this, customers intend to choose accommodation based on the physical environment, namely the atmosphere, decoration and layout. Despite, weak Airbnb services such as demand services are not provided, and Airbnb is still absent in a large number of fields. This paper aims to review the literature on the role of the physical environment in Airbnb behavioral intentions. Literature reviews indicate that there will be a positive relationship between atmosphere, decoration and layout with behavioral intentions among customers. The findings of this study are expected to fill in the gaps in the literature by expanding existing literary knowledge of Airbnb’s behavioral intentions.

This study aims to examine the development of rural tourism by applying the Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach as a research tool. AI is an increasingly important field as it can offer a positive and strength-based approach to the development of rural communities. It can be seen as an alternative tourism research tool for community development in relation to rural tourism. A qualitative research approach is implemented by holding focus group discussions with the local community and youth groups at the Sungai Sedim Natural Forest (SSNF) in Kedah, Malaysia. SSNF was chosen as the research location because of its future characteristics and contributions to several residents. From the study result, natural resources, eco-tourism products, Tree Top Walk and historical assets have been identified as an important strength in SSNF. Furthermore, it is believed that the expansion of this product, would enhance the branding and image of SSNF as the best eco-tourism tourist attraction in Malaysia.

The aims of this study is to examine the influences that may affect the intentions of tourist behavior using GrabPay. For that purpose, this study was conducted in the Klang Valley area in Selangor, Malaysia. Self-administered questionnaires were selected for this study to collect data from tourists in the Klang Valley district. About 220 questionnaires were distributed to tourists using convenience sampling techniques. As a result, among the factors shown to influence tourist behavioral intentions to use GrabPay are perceived usefulness and trust. Furthermore, trust is the highest positive dominant influence that influences the behavior of tourists using GrabPay. This current study is beneficial for policy makers and tourism operators in Malaysia. In addition, the results of this study have provided evidence data for tourism operators in Malaysia to outline a promotional approach that can attract more tourists to visit Malaysia in the future.

Safety and security are essential for tourists and the tourism industry. One of the features that influences travel intentions is the type and level of safety and security associated with the destination. It is generally accepted in the tourism literature that the image of a universally recognized important destination, is often used as a vital element for local tourists in choosing a holiday destination. The main focus of this study is to identify the cognitive image dimensions that influence the intention of tourists to visit Sabah. A total of 362 questionnaires were distributed to obtain information from prospective international tourists who have never visited Sabah before. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the sample profile. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the basic dimensions of the cognitive image. Using this method, there are four main dimensions of the cognitive image have been identified which are natural environment, appealing activities, attractive conditions and essential condition. Based on the results, suggestions are made to develop strategies to improve and maintain the image of Sabah.

Visiting spa and health tourism centers is a new social trend amongst health tourists throughout Malaysia. Facts confirm that the number of spas and health centers is increasing from year to year and practices towards a healthy lifestyle are accepted worldwide. Individual health and well-being concerns are one of the critical factors contributing to the replacement of the spa and health industries. This chapter aims to examine the literature on the factors that influence the motivation of tourists to visit spa and health tourism destinations. Literature reviews indicate that there will be a positive relationship between relaxation and relief, health and beauty, escape and self-development with travel motivation among tourists. The results of this study are expected to fill the gap in the literature by expanding the existing literature knowledge on Spa motivation and to educate the public knowledge and delivery of professional services.

Presently, the Internet plays a vital role in the life of society. It has also changed the way people travel by providing cheaper, easier and more efficient prices. Recognizing the significant impact of travel applications on the tourism sector, researchers have focused on studies that determine the intention of tourists to use tourism applications. In addition, among the consumer behavior models used to study the tourism sector, is the Unified Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model which is a common and new model today. Therefore, the existing study is expected to evaluate the intention of locals to use mobile travel applications based on the UTAUT model. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 390 millennials in Malaysia of which IBM SPSS 24 version was selected for data analysis. Studies show that the UTAUT variable is related to behavioral intentions. This study contributes to a new perspective on the use and choice of mobile applications, especially in the context of tourism. It also offers practical application implications for mobile app developers for mobile app feature design, most likely for travelers.

Newly, the E-Learning market has soared and is known as a new paradigm in modern education. E-Learning acts as a medium, consisting of several types of computers and electronic media that are communication tools as well as the Internet, which provide training and access to information on specific subjects. By using E-Learning students can take online classes anywhere, regardless of time and place. In general, E-Learning is more geared towards self-training and is suitable for individuals who work full time but want to further their studies. Therefore, this study has been developed and integrated with the factors that lead to the effectiveness of E-Learning as a tool in the Teaching and Learning (T&L) approach. A quantitative approach is applied using self-administered questionnaires targeted at higher education students. Therefore, the results of this research will help provide in-depth information to the current education system in Malaysia, especially in creating strategies to improve learning education for the country in general.

Visiting Spa and wellness tourism destinations is a new social trend among wellness tourist around Malaysia as this industry is still at a growth stage in the product lifecycle. However, limited interest has been paid on the study of domestic tourist motivation to visit the spa and wellness tourism destination. Thus, by applying the quantitative approach, the purpose of this pilot study is to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument used in measuring the motivation factors towards visiting spa and wellness tourism destinations in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 150-sample data were analysed using the statistical software IBM SPSS version 23. Before that, content and face validity, reliability and data normality were examined based on expert assessment. The result of the pilot study indicated that the measuring instruments used in this study are reliable, and the data is proved of rational normality. The findings of this study provided overall support for the proposed measuring instrument for further research.

Globally, electronic waste (E-Waste) has grown as a severe concern owing to the increasing quantity of waste and the toxic it. E-Waste includes plastics and metals, which are highly recyclable but which, if not adequately managed, are concerned about the health and the environment by plastic waste and heavy metal traces of additives and chemicals. This article investigates the modeling of game theory for E-Waste. It presents a framework to analyze various stakeholders' behavior in the manufacture of electronic products using recycled (ERM) and non-recycled (ENRM) materials, understanding the importance of the actual cost variation. This study suggested a framework to decide which Game Plan is best-suited to gain each stakeholder's leading company's profit allocation. Data demonstrate that ERM can be the best choice for manufacturers and customers and recommend applying return schemes to consumers with specific incentives and penalties to those who do not comply with the agreed E-Waste management process could be of great help to discourage computer waste disposal on land.

This work explains about the physic-chemical characteristics of composites to evaluate the applicability in various purposes over agricultural area. Spectral characteristics of compost materials are compute with spectroscopy with Fertility index and clean index. This FI of composites was observed for sampling with various classification of higher fertilizing potential. Composites are utilized as fertilizer owing to low fertilizing potential. The concentration has been determined within permissible limits of fertility standards. It is known that these composites is more appropriate option for waste processing as it diminishes weight of organic waste. This analysis is performed with spectroscopy analysis.

The Internet plays a significant part in the lives of people in the modern age of globalization as it influences the way people travelowing to its cheaper, easier, and efficient prices. Nevertheless, limited research has been conducted on the use of mobile phones or android among young tourists in booking and planning their travels. By taking the approach of quantitative methods, this pilot study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instruments used to assess the factors influencing the use of travel mobile applications among domestic tourists in Klang Valley. In this study, atotal of 200 data samples were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 25. Preliminarily, experts’ evaluation was employed to examine the data content as well asthe reliability, validity, and normality of the data. Based on the findings, the reliability of the measuring instruments used in this study has beenassured and the data were proven to be rationally normal. Additionally, this study supports the instruments proposed for further research.

Over the years, the introduction of e-learning technology as been familiar among academicians, students, and even non-academicians in higher education institutions. E-learning is one of the learning tools in the education sector that greatly influences education, which emerged as a newmodern education paradigm and has successfully evolved around the world. However, limited attention has been paid to research on e-learning relative to the factors influencing the effectiveness of e-learning tools in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, using a quantitative approach, this study aims to review the reliability and validity of the applied instrumentsin assessing the factors influencing the effectiveness of e-learning tools in the teaching and learning ofentrepreneurship students’courses through a pilot study. Data involving 150samples from the questionnaires were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24, while evaluations from experts were employed to check for content and face validity and reliability as well asthe normality of data. Based on theresults, the normality of the data as well as the reliability of the measuring instruments in this study are proven. As such, the measuring instrumentsproposed in this study warrant further research.

Many countries including Malaysia are aiming for cashless society, in which represent the transition of business transaction from cash to electronic-based transactions Hence, the escalating trend of using electronic payment system can be observed especially during the COVID-19 crisis where consumers are transitioning to electronic commerce (e-commerce) as well as mobile commerce (m-commerce) business, however there are consumers who are not keen on e-wallet usage Thus, this research aims to investigate the barriers towards the adoption of E-Wallet payment system Based on Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT), the barriers refer to the factors of value barrier (VB), usage barrier (UB), risk barrier (RB) and perceived cost barrier (PCB) The results of the research were obtained from 248 respondents of fourth year students in the Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, University Malaysia Kelantan with the help of Krejcie and Morgan table sampling method and through the use of questionnaire Besides, Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) method and Spearman’s correlation analysis were also used to analyze the data from the questionnaire It was found that value barrier, usage barrier, risk barrier as well as perceived cost barrier have a significant relationship with the adoption of E-wallet payment system As the results highlighted the barricades that cease an individual from using e-wallet despite of its benefits, the policy maker can ponder the result to accelerate the adoption of e-wallet to a more desirable level in the nation © International Research Publication House