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Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is defined as a highly disturbing condition characterized by the patient developing an excessive anxiety and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of BDD in the orthodontic patients is still not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (TR-YBOCS-BDD) for adolescents. Methods: This study consisted of two groups, the study group and the control group. The study group consisted of 126 patients who were admitted with aesthetic complaints (n=126). The control group consisted of 126 participants who were admitted with non-aesthetic complaints such as dental calculus, caries and pain. Turkish versions of YBOCS-BDD and Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (T-BIDQ) were administered to 252 patients in total for reliability and validity studies. Results: The internal consistency coefficient of the TR-YBOCSBDD scale was 0.903. The scores of the subareas of the TRYBOCS- BDD scale were analyzed with Principal Components Factor Analysis and it was concluded that 8 factors corresponded to 62.104% of the total variance. The test re-test analysis was carried out by applying the TR-YBOCS-BDD scale to 126 participants and same test re-test was made at one-week interval. High positive correlation was found between the first total scale results and the total score calculated one week later (rho =0.986, p

Objective:The influence of pulp status on orthodontically induced root resorption has attracted attention. The purpose of this study was to compare orthodontically induced root resorption in endodontically treated teeth and their contralateral vital teeth in a split-mouth design.Methods:The sample included 173 patients who had at least one endodontically treated tooth, and their vital contralateral teeth served as the control group before the completion of orthodontic treatment. Apical root resorption measurements were performed by the comparison of digital panoramic X-ray images obtained at the beginning and at the end of the orthodontic treatment. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in apical root resorption between the endodontically treated teeth and the contralateral teeth (p>0.05). Sex and tooth type had no effect on apical root resorption both in the endodontically treated teeth and the contralateral vital teeth (p>0.05). Orthodontic treatment with extraction caused more apical root resorption in the vital teeth than in the endodontically treated teeth (p0.05).Conclusion:Endodontic treatment does not produce greater apical root resorption compared with the vital teeth.

Abstract Aim To compare the effects of three different maxillary expansion appliances with five different types of expansion modalities on stress distribution and displacement on the maxilla and its adjacent craniofacial structures using the finite element method (FEM). Materials and methods Cone-beam computed tomography data of a patient with maxillary transverse deficiency were rendered into a three-dimensional model of craniomaxillary structures. The expansion appliances included tooth-borne, hybrid, and bone-borne expanders. Five different expansion modalities were applied to each expander [conventional Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) (type 1), midpalatal suture cortico-puncture-assisted RME (type 2), LeFort l cortico-puncture-assisted RME (type 3), surgically assisted RME (SARME) without pterygomaxillary junction (PMJ) separation (type 4), and SARME with bilateral PMJ separation (type 5)]. The numerical and visual data were analyzed. Results The highest amount of stress accumulation on teeth was found in the tooth-borne and hybrid groups. On the other hand, more stress concentration on the maxilla was observed in the bone-borne group. SARME cuts with PMJ separation increased total movement by reducing the stress on the midpalatal suture in all groups. While types 1, 2, and 3 were similar in terms of the amounts of displacement, types 4 and 5 increased the total amount of displacement in all groups. The total amounts of displacements from the highest value to the lowest value for the anterior and posterior maxilla were in the bone-borne, tooth-borne, and hybrid groups. Conclusions SARME cuts were effective in reducing stress on the teeth, but the cortico-puncture application affected neither the stress values on the teeth nor the transverse displacement in the tooth-borne expanders. Surgical procedures such as SARME and corticotomy should be used with bone-borne devices to improve the outcomes of maxillary expansion procedures.

The usage of biofertilizer as alternative or support to mineral fertilizer encourage continuously due to fertilizer cost and environmental pollution. The effect of three phosphorus doses (0, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 P2O5) with a control and different commercial biofertilizers, Bontera (Bacillus amyloliquefociens, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma kanigi), Bactoboost (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus magaterium, Loctococcus spp.), Koklendirici (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus magaterium, Loctococcus spp.), Lifebac NP (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus magaterium), natural organic matter and humic substances (NSAH) (15% organic matter, 6% organic carbon, 13% humic + fulvic acid), and Rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosorum)) were investigated. Increasing phosphorus doses positively affected all the investigated characters. Koklendirici biofertilizer positively affected the important yield components, but highest grain yield was determined in the NSAH plots. Increasing phosphorus (P) doses did not affect nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) contents of the grain while phosphorus, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) contents showed an increase. Difference in climate might have influenced these results. These results indicated that understanding of bio and mineral fertilizer would enable us to use biofertilizer as an alternative to mineral fertilizer to common bean production.

This research was conducted between 2011 and 2015 at research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University for evaluating two tillage methods (conventional and reduced), three crop rotations (wheat-wheat; wheat-fallow; wheat-chickpea) and four N levels (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1). The experimental design was split-split plot with three replicates. Tillage methods were in main plots, crop rotations in subplots and N levels in sub-sub plots. The N concentration of grain and straw harvested from aboveground plant organs was separately determined using by the Kjeldahl digestion method after the plant samples were ground. Then, grain protein content, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUPE), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUTE) were calculated. According to results, effects of tillage methods on NUE were unclear. Conventional tillage methods resulted in higher NUPE than reduced tillage in the last three years of the experiment. The NUTE was higher in reduced tillage than conventional in 2011-2012 and 2014-2015. The effects of tillage methods on grain yield were different due to the climatic conditions. Wheat-chickpea rotation had the better results for examined traits in this research. Increasing nitrogen doses increased grain and plant protein rate, however it decreased NUE and NUPE. The effects of nitrogen doses on NUTE were ambiguous. Nitrogen use efficiency and NUPE is traits that can be differed according to changeable grain yield depend on environmental conditions. Therefore, the experiments should be conducted for more than four years for revealed absolute effects both soil tillage method and nitrogen fertilization.

Nohut üretimi, diğer bitkilerde de olduğu gibi kuraklık, tuzluluk, sıcaklık, çevre kirliliği ve besin maddelerinin noksanlığı ya da fazlalığı gibi çevresel stres faktörlerinden büyük ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Çalışmada; sulanan ve sulanmayan koşullarda yetiştirilen nohudun, farklı gelişme dönemlerinde bazı fizyolojik karakterlerinin ve azot alımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Ana parsellere yetiştirme koşulları (sulanan ve sulanmayan) ve alt parsellere ise gelişme dönemleri (çiçeklenme öncesi, çiçeklenme, bakla doldurma ve hasat) yerleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada toprak üstü kütle, toprak altı kütle, ağırlık olarak kök/gövde oranı (%), uzunluk olarak kök/gövde oranı (%), yaprak alan indeksi, toprak üstü kuru madde ağırlığı, nispi büyüme oransal miktarı, net asimilasyon oranı, azot içeriği ve azot alımı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, nohudun generatif dönemine gelindiğinde, sıcaklığın yüksek olmasına karşın yeterince yağış alınamaması, bitkide kuraklık stresinin yaşanmasına ve buna bağlı olarak da toprak üstü kütlesinin düşmesine neden olmuştur. Buna rağmen kurak şartlarda kök gelişmesinin daha kuvvetli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçta; sulama olanağı varsa nohudun generatif dönemine yakın bir zamanda sulama yapılması bitki gelişimini olumlu etkileyecek ve bu da verim artışını sağlayabilecektir.

This research aimed to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) on the growth, yield and the N accumulation of lentil plants grown under rain-fed conditions. The two-year field experiments with lentil were arranged in a randomised complete block design. Nitrogen was applied at four rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and all of the plots received half of the N rates before sowing in October and the remaining N rate in spring. The plants were harvested in the following stages: the first multifoliate leaf unfolding at the fifth node (V5) full seed or seed on nodes 10-13 that fill pod cavities (R6) and maturity (R8). The dry weight and N concentration of the shoot (leaf+stem), pod wall, and seed were then measured. It has been found that N application significantly affected the lentil characteristics. The maximum biomass accumulation and N accumulation were obtained at R6, and the N fertiliser had a positive effect on the seed weight and N accumulation. It can be suggest that 20 kg N ha-1 will increase the per-plant dry matter and N accumulation of the seeds under rain-fed conditions.