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Aims: To analyze the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from MSR-1707 to promote the rational utilization of the mushroom resources. Methodology: MSR-1707 belongs to the genus Nigrospora sp. It was extracted by ethyl acetate, then the extract was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Identification of compounds was achieved according to their GC retention indices (RI) and database search using the library of NIST05, as well as a comparison of the fragmentation pattern of the mass spectra with data published in the literature. Results: Seventy-three compounds were separated by gas chromatography. Based on the NIST05 spectral library and corresponding literature information, fifty-three compounds were identified. Their relative percentage of contents accounted for 95.62% of the outflow peak. Some of the identified peaks are 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester(E)(18.50%),9-Tricosene(Z)(8.30%), 13-Docosenamide (E)(5.26%) and Myristic acid glycidyl ester (3.11%). Conclusion: This is the first report of chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract of Nigrospora sp. using GC-MS, which offer some theoretical basis for the further exploration and application of this mushroom.

Fatty acids rich-oil was extracted from freeze-dried fungal biomass of Nigrospora sp. using ultrasound with ethanol as a cosolvent + supercritical CO2. The parameters of temperature (40–80 °C), pressure (15–25 MPa), ultrasound pre-treatment time (15–60 min), and the addition of ethanol (30–70 g/100 g biomass) were evaluated on the oil yield and composition. The best oil yield (3.94 wt.%) and total fatty acids (45.5 g/100 g oil) were obtained at 80 °C and 25 MPa with 50 wt.% ethanol after pre-treating the biomass for 60 min using 132 W of ultrasound power at 40 kHz. The main fatty acids were oleic, palmitic, linoleic, elaidic and palmitoleic acids. The combination of CO2 under supercritical conditions and ultrasound with ethanol as a pre-treatment of the biomass from Nigrospora sp. concentrated up to 4.0 times fatty acids in the oil when compared to the Soxhlet technique, especially the unsaturated ones.

One hundred fifty fungal strains were isolated from the Pampa biome for production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Microbial oil was produced by submerged cultivation at 120 rpm, 28 ºC for 7 days. Seven strains showed the best results for lipids accumulation, and they were selected in order to evaluate the influence of the temperature (15 and 28 ºC) on the lipid production and profile. The fungus Nigrospora sp. produced the highest lipid level: at 28 ºC were produced 11.28% of lipids and 51.94% of PUFA and at 15 ºC were produced 6.02% of lipids and 42.39% of PUFA. Plackett Burman design was performed to investigate the main effects of the temperature (15-25 ºC), pH (4.0-6.0), agitation (120-200 rpm), corn steep liquor (5-15% (v/v)) and sucrose concentrations (60-180 g L-1). The highest PUFA production (55.75%) was observed at the lowest temperatures (15 ºC), whereas the maximum lipid production was 5.54% at 25 ºC.

A new hydroanthraquinone, nigrosporone A (1), and a new naturally occurring nigrosporone B (2), together with eleven known compounds, were isolated from an endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sp. BCC 47789. The structure of nigrosporone A was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configurations of nigrosporone B were determined by the modified Mosher’s method. Nigrosporone B exhibited a broad range of biological activities including antimalarial, antitubercular, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, while nigrosporone A and Fusaquinon A showed only cytotoxic activity.

The orchids have a great diversity of genus and species, which contributes to a singular wealth of flowers, that present immense variation of colors and forms. Within the trade of ornamental plants orchids constitute a promising area of agribusiness, with high added value. However, one of the major limitations for the production of these plants is the incidence of diseases, mainly caused by fungi. In this context, the objective of the study was to isolate and identify fungi from orchids with a symptomatological picture of disease of fungal etiology. The incidence of 3 genera of pathogens of fungal etiology in 10 genera of orchids was verified. The causal agent with the highest percentage of frequency was Nigrospora sp.

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.02.36–43 Received 23. January 2015 ǀ Accepted 20. February 2015 ǀ Available online 29. June 2015 During the years 2013-2014, complex mycoflora of Austrian pine trees ( Pinus nigra Arnold) was monitored within a survey on health state of trees growing in urban environment. Nine species of microscopic fungi were isolated and identified from samples collected from different part of Pinus nigra needles during the study period. This study reports the occurrence of the fungi Asterosporium asterospermum, Beltrania rhombica, Camarosporium sp ., Coleosporium sp ., Cyclaneusma minus, Lophodermium seditiosum , Nigrospora sp. Phomopsis sp., Trichothecium roseum of P . nigra . In Austrian pine the greatest damage has been caused by the fungi Lophodermium seditiosum and Cyclaneusma niveum . Damage caused by rust fungus ( Coleosporium sp.) and by fungi Asterosporium asterospermum , and Beltrania rhombica occurs less frequently. The aim of this study was to research distribution, disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture and distinctive morphological features of the most important parasitic fungi in Austrian pine . The presence of these fungi in host tissue of symptomatic trees has been described using classical phytopathological approaches and microscopical identification based on morphological keys. The occurrence of most fungi was relatively common.

Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. is one of the most important plant which has a specific place in Ayurveda and phytotherapy. The tribal people generally used this plant for anthelminthic, anti-fertility, rejuvenation and anti-malarial against Plasmodium falciparum. In the present study total four endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of medicinal plant Ailanthus excelsa for the production of antibacterial bioactive compounds against five pathogenic bacterial strains. Various cultural conditions like Media, pH, Temperature and incubation period was also optimized for the maximum production of antibacterial bioactive compounds from the potent fungus. After each optimizing step, the extracts were tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method and the best condition was selected for further process.

The main pathogens that affect the foliage and floral bracts of Heliconia cultivars in Las Heliconias National Park (Caicedonia, Colombia) were identified. Random samples were taken of foliage and floral bracts presenting symptoms of damage caused by phytopathogenic fungi. The degree of damage was described qualitatively and was correlated with the phytosanitary state of the crop. Reports of the evaluated plants indicated that 75% of the pathogens resided in the foliage and 25% resided in the floral bracts. The statistical analysis determined that the microorganisms Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Nigrospora sp. appeared equally in the two evaluated organs. The fungal genera found associated with plant sickness symptoms were considered to be phytopathogens. The degree of infection and development of disease varied from moderate lesions to severe infection. Reproductive fungi were present in the different plant organs studied and in organic matter residue in the soil.

Bioassay-guided isolation of a fungal strain Nigrospora sp. MA75, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine semi-mangrove plant Pongamia pinnata, which was fermented on three different culture media, resulted in the isolation and identification of seven known compounds, 2, 3, and 5-9, from a medium containing 3.5% NaCl, while a new compound, 2,3-didehydro-19α-hydroxy-14-epicochlioquinone B (10) was obtained from the medium containing 3.5% NaI. In addition, two new griseofulvin derivatives, 6-O-desmethyldechlorogriseofulvin (1) and 6'-hydroxygriseofulvin (4), were isolated and identified from the rice solid medium. Dechlorogriseofulvin (2) and griseofulvin (3) were the major components in fermentation extracts of all these culture media, while compounds 1 and 4, 5 and 6, and 10 were only present in the extract of respective culture medium. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by CD measurement. Compounds 9 and 10 exhibited antibacterial activities toward five tested bacterial strains, while compounds 5, 6, and 8 selectively inhibited MRSA, E. coli, and S. epidermidis, and compound 3 showed moderate activity against V. mali and S. solani. Moreover, compound 10 potently inhibited the growth of MCF-7, SW1990, and SMMC7721 tumor cell lines with IC(50) values of 4, 5, and 7 μg/ml, respectively.

Two new compounds, methyl 3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylphenoxy)-4-methoxybenzoate (1) and (2 S,5' R,E)-7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-2-(1-methoxy-3-oxo-5-methylhex-1-enyl)-benzofuran-3(2H)-one (2), together with four known compounds, griseofulvin (3), dechlorogriseofulvin (4), bostrycin (5), and deoxybostrycin (6), were isolated from the marine endophytic fungus NIGROSPORA sp. (No. 1403) collected from the South China Sea. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, 1D, 2D NMR, and HREIMS. Compounds 5 and 6 showed moderate antitumor and moderate antimicrobial activity.

Five new 2(5H)-furanone-type derivatives, pestalafuranones F–J (compounds 3–7), together with two known compounds, pestalafuranones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract from the fermentation broth of the endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. BM-2 in a hypersaline medium. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated by EIMS, HREIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1–7 exhibited no cytotoxic activities against the MDA-MB-231 and Caski cancer cell lines.

The holotype of Pediculaster manicatus (Berlese), 1904 is redescribed. The specimens described by Rack (1974), Mahunka et al. (1977), Samsinak, 1984 and Zou et al., 1988 are considered to be non P. manicatus (Berlese). All stages collected from a culture of Nigrospora sp. (Fungi) and identified as P. manicatus (Berlese) by late M. Kaliszewski, are described as P. pseudomanicatus n. sp. The pharyngeal complex, subdivided into three muscular parts, is present in the larva and both nonphoretic and phoretic females and is similar in shape. Transmission Laser Scanning Microscope (TLSM) and 3D images of this complex, taken with the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) are presented for comparison. Males are thought to have no functional digestive system and no pharyngeal pumps.

One new hydroanthraquinone dimer with a rare C-9–C-7′ linkage, nigrodiquinone A (1), and four known anthraquinone monomers 2–5, were isolated from a fungus Nigrospora sp. obtained from the zoanthid Palythoa haddoni collected in the South China Sea. The structure of 1 was established through extensive NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration was elucidated by comparing computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and optical rotations (OR) with experimental results. All the compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity, and 1 was also evaluated for antibacterial activity. Compound 4 displayed mild antiviral activity against coxsackie virus (Cox-B3) with the IC50 value of 93.7 μM, and 5 showed an IC50 value of 74.0 μM against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Deoxybostrycin (1) is an anthraquinone compound derived from the marine mangrove fungus Nigrospora sp. No. 1403 and has potential to be a lead for new drugs because of its various biological properties. A series of new derivatives (2–22) of deoxybostrycin were synthesized. The in vitro cytotoxicity of all the new compounds was tested against MDA-MB-435, HepG2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Most of the compounds exhibit strong cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 0.62 to 10 μM. Compounds 19, 21 display comparable cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-435 to epirubicin, the positive control. The primary screening results indicate that the deoxybostrycin derivatives might be a valuable source of new potent anticancer drug candidates.

Six compounds were purified from the extracts of fungus Z18-17 (Nigrospora sp.) isolated from Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, a tree from the intertidal zone of Shankou, Guangxi Province of China, which was reported to have cytotoxic activity. Systematic study on the chemical constituents of Nigrospora sp. resulted in the isolation of one new 6-phenylhexanoic acid derivative, one new derivative of uridine, and four known compounds. Their structures were characterized, respectively, as methyl 5-acetamido-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxohexanoate (1), uridine-5'α-hydroxypropanoate (2), 4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate (3), methyl pyroglutamate (4), cyclo (Pro-Val) (5), and cyclo (Phe-Hyp) (6). The cytotoxic activities of the two new compounds against HL-60 cell line were tested and the IC(50) values of the two new compounds were all over 100 μM.

Two new solanapyrone analogues, solanapyrones N and O (1 and 2, resp.), and three known compounds, solanapyrone C (3), nigrosporalactone (4), and phomalactone (5), were isolated from the fermentation culture of Nigrospora sp. YB-141, an endophytic fungus isolated from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The antifungal activities of 1-5 towards seven phytopathogenic fungi were tested. Most of the compounds exhibited no or only weak antifungal activities.

Para valorar la presencia e incidencia de patógenos fúngicos, se tomaron muestras de material foliar de Cucurbita moschata Duch. en condiciones de campo en tres localidades del Valle del Cauca. Las muestras colectadas se aislaron, incubaron, identificaron, re aislaron en cultivo puro e incubaron y se realizó la prueba de patogenicidad en invernadero, con aspersión de disoluciones al 1 x 10 6 conidios sobre plantas sanas. Para los patógenos Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Nigrospora sp., Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp., y Mycelio sterilia, se comprobó su acción fitopatogéna y se cumplieron los postulados de Koch.

CAMMACK1 has commented on the lack of detailed information about the composition of the air spora in tropical climates. On the other hand, Hirst2,3 and others have contributed much to our knowledge of fluctuations in the air spora in a temperate climate. Seasonal changes in three common constituents (Puccinia polysora, Nigrospora sphaerica, Cladosporium spp.) of the air spora of Southern Nigeria have been described by Cammack1. The observations described here were made during an investigation4–6 chiefly designed to provide information about dispersal of Deightoniella torulosa, the cause of fruit-spot (‘speckle’) of Jamaican bananas.