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1. Direct atomic layer deposition of ultra-thin $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and $HfO_{2}$ films on gold-supported monolayer $MoS_{2}$

Author

Schilirò, E., Panasci, S. E., Mio, A. M., Nicotra, G., Agnello, S., Pecz, B., Radnoczi, G. Z., Deretzis, I., La Magna, A., Roccaforte, F., Nigro, R. Lo, and Giannazzo, F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

In this paper, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ultra-thin films (<4 nm) of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and $HfO_{2}$ on Au-supported monolayer (1L) $MoS_{2}$ is investigated, providing an insight on the nucleation mechanisms in the early stages of the ALD process. A preliminary multiscale characterization of large area 1L-$MoS_{2}$ exfoliated on sputter-grown Au/Ni films revealed an almost conformal $MoS_{2}$ membrane with the Au topography and the occurrence of strain variations at the nanoscale. Ab-initio DFT calculations of $MoS_{2}$/Au(111) interface showed a significant influence of the Au substrate on the $MoS_{2}$ energy band structure, whereas small differences were accounted for the adsorption of the $H_{2}O$, TMA and TDMAHf precursors. This suggests a crucial role of nanoscale morphological effects, such as local curvature and strain of the $MoS_{2}$ membrane, in the enhanced physisorption of the precursors. Therefore, the nucleation and growth of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and $HfO_{2}$ films onto 1L-$MoS_{2}$/Au was investigated, by monitoring the surface coverage as a function of the number (N) of ALD cycles, with N from 10 to 120. At low N values, a slower growth rate of the initially formed nuclei was observed for $HfO_{2}$, probably due to the bulky nature of the TDMAHf precursor as compared to TMA. On the other hand, the formation of continuous films was obtained in both cases for N>80 ALD cycles, corresponding to 3.6 nm $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and 3.1 nm $HfO_{2}$. Current mapping by C-AFM showed, for the same applied bias, a uniform insulating behavior of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and the occurrence of few localized breakdown spots in the case of $HfO_{2}$, associated to less compact films regions. Finally, an increase of the 1L-$MoS_{2}$ tensile strain was observed by Raman mapping after encapsulation with both high-k films, accompanied by a reduction in the PL intensity., Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures

Published
2023
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2. Aluminum oxide nucleation in the early stages of atomic layer deposition on epitaxial graphene

Author

Schilirò, E., Nigro, R. Lo, Panasci, S. E., Gelardi, F. M., Agnello, S., Yakimova, R., Roccaforte, F., and Giannazzo, F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

In this work, the nucleation and growth mechanism of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in the early stages of the direct atomic layer deposition (ALD) on monolayer epitaxial graphene (EG) on silicon carbide (4H-SiC) has been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Contrary to what is typically observed for other types of graphene, a large and uniform density of nucleation sites was observed in the case of EG and ascribed to the presence of the buffer layer at EG/SiC interface. The deposition process was characterized by Al2O3 island growth in the very early stages, followed by the formation of a continuous Al2O3 film (2.4 nm thick) after only 40 ALD cycles due to the islands coalescence, and subsequent layer-by-layer growth. Raman spectroscopy analyses showed low impact of the ALD process on the defects density and doping of EG. The EG strain was also almost unaffected by the deposition in the regime of island growth and coalescence, whereas a significant increase was observed after the formation of a compact Al2O3 film. The obtained results can have important implications for device applications of epitaxial graphene requiring the integration of ultra-thin high-k insulators., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures

Published
2020
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4. Aluminum Frenkel defects cause hysteresis in Al2O3/AlGaN capacitors.

Author

Deretzis, I., Fiorenza, P., Fazio, T., Schilirò, E., Lo Nigro, R., Greco, G., Fisicaro, G., Roccaforte, F., and La Magna, A.

Subjects
ALUMINUM oxide, CAPACITORS, METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, ALUMINUM, HYSTERESIS, METALLIC oxides
Abstract

Al 2 O 3 /AlGaN metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors show a hysteretic behavior in their capacitance vs voltage characteristics, often attributed to near-interface traps deriving from defects within the oxide layer. The origin as well as the structural/electronic properties of such defects are still strongly debated in the literature. Here, we use ab initio molecular dynamics and the climbing-image nudged elastic band method to show that aluminum Frenkel defects give rise to bistable trap states in disordered and stoichiometric Al 2 O 3. Based on these results, we propose a calibrated polaron model representing a distribution of individually interacting energy levels with an internal reconfiguration mode and coupled to continuous bands of carriers to explain the hysteresis mechanism in Al 2 O 3 /AlGaN capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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5. Advances in the Fabrication of Large-Area Back-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors on Plastics: Platform for Flexible Electronics and Sensing

Author

Fisichella, G., Lo Verso, S., Di Marco, S., Vinciguerra, V., Schilirò, E., Di Franco, S., Lo Nigro, R., Roccaforte, F., Zurutuza, A., Centeno, A., Ravesi, S., Giannazzo, F., Araujo, Paulo, Series editor, Gomes Sousa Filho, Antonio, Editorial board, Doorn, Stephen K., Editorial board, Franklin, Aaron D., Editorial board, Hartschuh, Achim, Editorial board, Morandi, Vittorio, editor, and Ottaviano, Luca, editor

Published
2017
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6. The relationship between uremic toxins and symptoms in older men and women with advanced chronic kidney disease

Author

Massy Z. A., Chesnaye N. C., Larabi I. A., Dekker F. W., Evans M., Caskey F. J., Torino C., Porto G., Szymczak M., Drechsler C., Wanner C., Jager K. J., Alvarez J. C., Schneider A., Torp A., Iwig B., Perras B., Marx C., Blaser C., Emde C., Krieter D., Fuchs D., Irmler E., Platen E., Schmidt-Gurtler H., Schlee H., Naujoks H., Schlee I., Casar S., Beige J., Rothele J., Mazur J., Hahn K., Blouin K., Neumeier K., Anding-Rost K., Schramm L., Hopf M., Wuttke N., Frischmuth N., Ichtiaris P., Kirste P., Schulz P., Aign S., Biribauer S., Manan S., Roser S., Heidenreich S., Palm S., Schwedler S., Delrieux S., Renker S., Schattel S., Stephan T., Schmiedeke T., Weinreich T., Leimbach T., Stovesand T., Bahner U., Seeger W., Cupisti A., Sagliocca A., Ferraro A., Mele A., Naticchia A., Cosaro A., Ranghino A., Stucchi A., Pignataro A., De Blasio A., Pani A., Tsalouichos A., Bellasi A., Raffaele Di Iorio B., Butti A., Abaterusso C., Somma C., D'Alessandro C., Zullo C., Pozzi C., Bergamo D., Ciurlino D., Motta D., Russo D., Favaro E., Vigotti F., Ansali F., Conte F., Cianciotta F., Giacchino F., Cappellaio F., Pizzarelli F., Greco G., Bigatti G., Marinangeli G., Cabiddu G., Fumagalli G., Caloro G., Piccoli G., Capasso G., Gambaro G., Tognarelli G., Bonforte G., Conte G., Toscano G., Del Rosso G., Capizzi I., Baragetti I., Oldrizzi L., Gesualdo L., Biancone L., Magnano M., Ricardi M., Di Bari M., Laudato M., Luisa Sirico M., Ferraresi M., Provenzano M., Malaguti M., Palmieri N., Murrone P., Cirillo P., Dattolo P., Acampora P., Nigro R., Boero R., Scarpioni R., Sicoli R., Malandra R., Savoldi S., Bertoli S., Borrelli S., Maxia S., Maffei S., Mangano S., Cicchetti T., Rappa T., Palazzo V., De Simone W., Schrander A., Van Dam B., Siegert C., Gaillard C., Beerenhout C., Verburgh C., Janmaat C., Hoogeveen E., Hoorn E., Boots J., Boom H., Eijgenraam J. -W., Kooman J., Rotmans J., Vogt L., Raasveld M., Vervloet M., Van Buren M., Van Diepen M., Leurs P., Voskamp P., Blankestijn P., Van Esch S., Boorsma S., Berger S., Konings C., Aydin Z., Musiala A., Szymczak A., Olczyk E., Augustyniak-Bartosik H., Miskowiec-Wisniewska I., Manitius J., Pondel J., Jedrzejak K., Nowanska K., Nowak L., Durlik M., Dorota S., Nieszporek T., Heleniak Z., Jonsson A., Blom A. -L., Rogland B., Wallquist C., Vargas D., Dimeny E., Sundelin F., Uhlin F., Welander G., Bascaran Hernandez I., Grontoft K. -C., Stendahl M., Svensson M., Heimburger O., Kashioulis P., Melander S., Almquist T., Jensen U., Woodman A., McKeever A., Ullah A., McLaren B., Harron C., Barrett C., O'Toole C., Summersgill C., Geddes C., Glowski D., McGlynn D., Sands D., Roy G., Hirst G., King H., McNally H., Masri-Senghor H., Murtagh H., Rayner H., Turner J., Wilcox J., Berdeprado J., Wong J., Banda J., Jones K., Haydock L., Wilkinson L., Carmody M., Weetman M., Joinson M., Dutton M., Matthews M., Morgan N., Bleakley N., Cockwell P., Roderick P., Mason P., Kalra P., Sajith R., Chapman S., Navjee S., Crosbie S., Brown S., Tickle S., Mathavakkannan S., Kuan Y., Massy, Z. A., Chesnaye, N. C., Larabi, I. A., Dekker, F. W., Evans, M., Caskey, F. J., Torino, C., Porto, G., Szymczak, M., Drechsler, C., Wanner, C., Jager, K. J., Alvarez, J. C., Schneider, A., Torp, A., Iwig, B., Perras, B., Marx, C., Blaser, C., Emde, C., Krieter, D., Fuchs, D., Irmler, E., Platen, E., Schmidt-Gurtler, H., Schlee, H., Naujoks, H., Schlee, I., Casar, S., Beige, J., Rothele, J., Mazur, J., Hahn, K., Blouin, K., Neumeier, K., Anding-Rost, K., Schramm, L., Hopf, M., Wuttke, N., Frischmuth, N., Ichtiaris, P., Kirste, P., Schulz, P., Aign, S., Biribauer, S., Manan, S., Roser, S., Heidenreich, S., Palm, S., Schwedler, S., Delrieux, S., Renker, S., Schattel, S., Stephan, T., Schmiedeke, T., Weinreich, T., Leimbach, T., Stovesand, T., Bahner, U., Seeger, W., Cupisti, A., Sagliocca, A., Ferraro, A., Mele, A., Naticchia, A., Cosaro, A., Ranghino, A., Stucchi, A., Pignataro, A., De Blasio, A., Pani, A., Tsalouichos, A., Bellasi, A., Raffaele Di Iorio, B., Butti, A., Abaterusso, C., Somma, C., D'Alessandro, C., Zullo, C., Pozzi, C., Bergamo, D., Ciurlino, D., Motta, D., Russo, D., Favaro, E., Vigotti, F., Ansali, F., Conte, F., Cianciotta, F., Giacchino, F., Cappellaio, F., Pizzarelli, F., Greco, G., Bigatti, G., Marinangeli, G., Cabiddu, G., Fumagalli, G., Caloro, G., Piccoli, G., Capasso, G., Gambaro, G., Tognarelli, G., Bonforte, G., Conte, G., Toscano, G., Del Rosso, G., Capizzi, I., Baragetti, I., Oldrizzi, L., Gesualdo, L., Biancone, L., Magnano, M., Ricardi, M., Di Bari, M., Laudato, M., Luisa Sirico, M., Ferraresi, M., Provenzano, M., Malaguti, M., Palmieri, N., Murrone, P., Cirillo, P., Dattolo, P., Acampora, P., Nigro, R., Boero, R., Scarpioni, R., Sicoli, R., Malandra, R., Savoldi, S., Bertoli, S., Borrelli, S., Maxia, S., Maffei, S., Mangano, S., Cicchetti, T., Rappa, T., Palazzo, V., De Simone, W., Schrander, A., Van Dam, B., Siegert, C., Gaillard, C., Beerenhout, C., Verburgh, C., Janmaat, C., Hoogeveen, E., Hoorn, E., Boots, J., Boom, H., Eijgenraam, J. -W., Kooman, J., Rotmans, J., Vogt, L., Raasveld, M., Vervloet, M., Van Buren, M., Van Diepen, M., Leurs, P., Voskamp, P., Blankestijn, P., Van Esch, S., Boorsma, S., Berger, S., Konings, C., Aydin, Z., Musiala, A., Szymczak, A., Olczyk, E., Augustyniak-Bartosik, H., Miskowiec-Wisniewska, I., Manitius, J., Pondel, J., Jedrzejak, K., Nowanska, K., Nowak, L., Durlik, M., Dorota, S., Nieszporek, T., Heleniak, Z., Jonsson, A., Blom, A. -L., Rogland, B., Wallquist, C., Vargas, D., Dimeny, E., Sundelin, F., Uhlin, F., Welander, G., Bascaran Hernandez, I., Grontoft, K. -C., Stendahl, M., Svensson, M., Heimburger, O., Kashioulis, P., Melander, S., Almquist, T., Jensen, U., Woodman, A., Mckeever, A., Ullah, A., Mclaren, B., Harron, C., Barrett, C., O'Toole, C., Summersgill, C., Geddes, C., Glowski, D., Mcglynn, D., Sands, D., Roy, G., Hirst, G., King, H., Mcnally, H., Masri-Senghor, H., Murtagh, H., Rayner, H., Turner, J., Wilcox, J., Berdeprado, J., Wong, J., Banda, J., Jones, K., Haydock, L., Wilkinson, L., Carmody, M., Weetman, M., Joinson, M., Dutton, M., Matthews, M., Morgan, N., Bleakley, N., Cockwell, P., Roderick, P., Mason, P., Kalra, P., Sajith, R., Chapman, S., Navjee, S., Crosbie, S., Brown, S., Tickle, S., Mathavakkannan, S., Kuan, Y., Nephrology, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, Medical Informatics, APH - Methodology, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Global Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis

Subjects
Transplantation, Nephrology, uremic toxins, CKD, symptoms, symptom, elderly
Abstract

Background Patients with stage 4/5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer from various symptoms. The retention of uremic solutes is thought to be associated with those symptoms. However, there are relatively few rigorous studies on the potential links between uremic toxins and symptoms in patients with CKD. Methods The EQUAL study is an ongoing observational cohort study of non-dialyzed patients with stage 4/5 CKD. EQUAL patients from Germany, Poland, Sweden and the UK were included in the present study (n = 795). Data and symptom self-report questionnaires were collected between April 2012 and September 2020. Baseline uric acid and parathyroid hormone and 10 uremic toxins were quantified. We tested the association between uremic toxins and symptoms and adjusted P-values for multiple testing. Results Symptoms were more frequent in women than in men with stage 4/5 CKD, while levels of various uremic toxins were higher in men. Only trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO; positive association with fatigue), p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) with constipation and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (negative association with shortness of breath) demonstrated moderately strong associations with symptoms in adjusted analyses. The association of phenylacetylglutamine with shortness of breath was consistent in both sexes, although it only reached statistical significance in the full population. In contrast, TMAO (fatigue) and PCS and phenylacetylglutamine (constipation) were only associated with symptoms in men, who presented higher serum levels than women. Conclusion Only a limited number of toxins were associated with symptoms in persons with stage 4/5 CKD. Other uremic toxins, uremia-related factors or psychosocial factors not yet explored might contribute to symptom burden.

Published
2022

11. Contributors

Author

Anasane, N., primary, Ansaloni, L., additional, Bueno, J., additional, Catena, F., additional, Chanda, S.V., additional, Coccolini, F., additional, Demirci, F., additional, Dolenc-Voljč, M., additional, Esteban, J., additional, Fazii, P., additional, Fusella, C., additional, Gupta, I., additional, Hamedi, A., additional, Harris, C.L., additional, Husnu Can Baser, K., additional, Ingle, A.P., additional, Javdekar, V., additional, Kaneria, M.J., additional, Kavanagh, N., additional, Kerrigan, S.W., additional, Kulkarni, M., additional, Laforet, K., additional, Mahomoodally, M.F., additional, Malone, M., additional, Marrollo, R., additional, Martinez-Chapa, S.O., additional, Nigro, R., additional, O’Brien, F.J., additional, Pandit, R., additional, Paralikar, P., additional, Parra-Saldívar, R., additional, Parsaeimehr, A., additional, Pasdaran, A., additional, Pérez-Jorge, C., additional, Prasetyo, A.A., additional, Prieto-Borja, L., additional, Rai, M., additional, Rakholiya, K.D., additional, Sariyatun, R., additional, Sartelli, M., additional, Savini, V., additional, Scharf, C., additional, Settembrini, A.M., additional, Settembrini, P.G., additional, Sibbald, R.G., additional, Somayaji, R., additional, Sowani, H., additional, Suroowan, S., additional, Yagupsky, P., additional, and Zinjarde, S., additional

Published
2017
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12. Advances in the Fabrication of Large-Area Back-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors on Plastics: Platform for Flexible Electronics and Sensing

Author

Fisichella, G., primary, Lo Verso, S., additional, Di Marco, S., additional, Vinciguerra, V., additional, Schilirò, E., additional, Di Franco, S., additional, Lo Nigro, R., additional, Roccaforte, F., additional, Zurutuza, A., additional, Centeno, A., additional, Ravesi, S., additional, and Giannazzo, F., additional

Published
2017
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17. Impact of novel coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italian pediatric emergency departments: a national survey

Author

Talarico V., Pinto L., Marseglia G. L., Centonze A., Cristofaro C., Reina R., Nocerino A., Lubrano R., Zampogna S., Arrighini A., Barbieri M. A., Bondone C., Bressan S., Corsi V., Chiossi M., Cortis E., Crespin L., Cualbu A., Da Dalt L., De Donno V., De Filippo M., Di Stefano A., Ferrante P., Guidi B., Lamborghini A., Lanari M., Malorgio C., Manieri S., Masi S., Masiero S., Messini B., Mirauda M. P., Musolino A. M., Nigro R., Parisi G., Parri N., Pettoello-Mantovani M., Quarantiello F., Ponticiello E., Romero S., Savasta S., Sequi E., Simonetti D. M. L., Tappi E., Urbino A. F., Vianelli P., Zangardi T., Talarico V., Pinto L., Marseglia G.L., Centonze A., Cristofaro C., Reina R., Nocerino A., Lubrano R., Zampogna S., Arrighini A., Barbieri M.A., Bondone C., Bressan S., Corsi V., Chiossi M., Cortis E., Crespin L., Cualbu A., Da Dalt L., De Donno V., De Filippo M., Di Stefano A., Ferrante P., Guidi B., Lamborghini A., Lanari M., Malorgio C., Manieri S., Masi S., Masiero S., Messini B., Mirauda M.P., Musolino A.M., Nigro R., Parisi G., Parri N., Pettoello-Mantovani M., Quarantiello F., Ponticiello E., Romero S., Savasta S., Sequi E., Simonetti D.M.L., Tappi E., Urbino A.F., Vianelli P., and Zangardi T.

Subjects
Pediatric emergency, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Disease, COVID-19, healthcare workers, pediatric emergency, personal protective equipment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Protocols, 030225 pediatrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health care, Epidemiology, Pandemic, medicine, Surveys and Questionnaire, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Clinical Protocol, Child, Personal protective equipment, Infection Control, business.industry, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Research, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, Hospitalization, Italy, Preparedness, Healthcare worker, Medical emergency, Triage, business, Emergency Service, Hospital, Human
Abstract

Background Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a pandemic emergency, distressing health systems in each affected country. Preparation strategies for managing this pandemic have been keys to face the COVID-19 surge all over the world and all levels of care. Materials and Methods During the epidemic, the Italian society of pediatric emergency-urgency (SIMEUP) promoted a national survey aiming to evaluate preparedness and response of pediatric emergency departments (PED) critical in ensuring optimal management of COVID-19 cases. Results Our results suggest that Italian PED have promptly set a proactive approach to the present emergency. 98.9% of the hospitals have defined special pathways and assistive protocols concerning the management of pediatric COVID-19 cases. The highest percentage of application of the measures for preventive and protective for COVID-19 concerned the use of personal protective equipments. Conclusions Results show that the following measures for pediatric patients, admitted in PED, have been promptly implemented throughout the whole country: eg. use of protective devices, pre-triage of patients accessing the hospital. Despite COVID-19 being a new threat, we have shown that by developing an easy-to-follow decision algorithm and clear plans for the interventional platform teams, we can ensure optimal health care workers and patients’ safety.

Published
2021

18. Effects of the glucose addition during lactic fermentation of rice, oat and wheat flours

Author

Gallo M., Passannanti F., Cante R. C., Nigro F., Salameh D., Schiattarella P., Schioppa C., Budelli A., Nigro R., Gallo, M., Passannanti, F., Cante, R. C., Nigro, F., Salameh, D., Schiattarella, P., Schioppa, C., Budelli, A., and Nigro, R.

Subjects
Cereal flour, Glucose, Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74, Probiotic, Lactic fermentation
Abstract

Background and objective: Consumer interests in probiotic foods have increased in recent decades. Food industries respond to these growing interests by developing innovative products and guaranteeing high production efficiency. Cereals, due to their prebiotic nature, are good fermentable substrates; from which, potentially functional foods could be achieved. The aim of this study was to verify effects of D-glucose addition on fermentation of rice, oat and wheat flours. Material and methods: Suspensions of 15% of cereals flours (rice, oat and wheat) in distilled water added with increasing glucose concentrations (2, 5, 7 and 10% w v-1) were fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 for 24 h. Then, pH, microbial growth and lactic acid production were assessed. Results and conclusion: Rice fermentation was not affected by glucose addition. For oat and wheat, addition of D-glucose increased bacterial concentration, as well as lactic acid production. In particular, the best growth was achieved by the addition of 2 and 5% of glucose. Furthermore, lactic acid concentration increased with increased glucose concentration. In conclusion, D-glucose addition seems to be unnecessary for the improvement of rice fermentation. On the contrary, oat and wheat fermentations need further available carbon sources for a better Lactobacillus growth and a higher lactic acid production. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2020

20. Improving dose delivery accuracy with EPID in vivo dosimetry: results from a multicenter study

Author

Esposito, M., Piermattei, Angelo, Bresciani, S., Orlandini, L. C., Falco, M. D., Giancaterino, S., Cilla, Savino, Ianiro, A., Nigro, R., Botez, L., Riccardi, S., Fidanzio, Andrea, Greco, F., Villaggi, E., Russo, S., Stasi, M., Piermattei A. (ORCID:0000-0002-6835-1179), Cilla S., Fidanzio A. (ORCID:0000-0002-6356-6381), Esposito, M., Piermattei, Angelo, Bresciani, S., Orlandini, L. C., Falco, M. D., Giancaterino, S., Cilla, Savino, Ianiro, A., Nigro, R., Botez, L., Riccardi, S., Fidanzio, Andrea, Greco, F., Villaggi, E., Russo, S., Stasi, M., Piermattei A. (ORCID:0000-0002-6835-1179), Cilla S., and Fidanzio A. (ORCID:0000-0002-6356-6381)

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate critical aspects and effectiveness of in vivo dosimetry (IVD) tests obtained by an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) in a multicenter and multisystem context. Materials and methods: Eight centers with three commercial systems—SoftDiso (SD, Best Medical Italy, Chianciano, Italy), Dosimetry Check (DC, Math Resolution, LCC), and PerFRACTION (PF, Sun Nuclear Corporation, SNC, Melbourne, FL)—collected IVD results for a total of 2002 patients and 32,276 tests. Data are summarized for IVD software, radiotherapy technique, and anatomical site. Every center reported the number of patients and tests analyzed, and the percentage of tests outside of the tolerance level (OTL%). OTL% was categorized as being due to incorrect patient setup, incorrect use of immobilization devices, incorrect dose computation, anatomical variations, and unknown causes. Results: The three systems use different approaches and customized alert indices, based on local protocols. For Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) treatments OTL% mean values were up to 8.9% for SD, 18.0% for DC, and 16.0% for PF. Errors due to “anatomical variations” for head and neck were up to 9.0% for SD and DC and 8.0% for PF systems, while for abdomen and pelvis/prostate treatments were up to 9%, 17.0%, and 9.0% for SD, DC, and PF, respectively. The comparison among techniques gave 3% for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy, 7.0% (range 4.7–8.9%) for VMAT, 10.4% (range 7.0–12.2%) for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, and 13.2% (range 8.8–21.0%) for 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy. Conclusion: The results obtained with different IVD software and among centers were consistent and showed an acceptable homogeneity. EPID IVD was effective in intercepting important errors.

Published
2021

21. Fermentation of rice flour supernatant using lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74

Author

Salameh D., Nigro F., COLUCCI CANTE, ROSA, Passannanti F., Gallo M., Budelli A., Marzocchella A., Nigro R., Salameh, D., Nigro, F., COLUCCI CANTE, Rosa, Passannanti, F., Gallo, M., Budelli, A., Marzocchella, A., and Nigro, R.

Abstract

The concept of functional food has evolved throughout the years. These days we define a food to be functional when it confers a benefit to human health. Lactic acid fermentation is one of the most important and used food processing technologies to produce this type of food. Fermentation of Lactobacillus Paracasei CBA L74 - a homofermentative, gram positive probiotic - on rice flour suspension has been proved to be a successful route to produce functional foods. However, the process was characterized by high energy consumption, low air sparging and complex expensive metabolite separation. A research program has been developed to carry out L. Paracasei fermentation using a low viscosity medium based on rice flour suspension. Fractionation of rice flour suspension provided a medium characterized by low amounts of solids and nutrients at concentration high that support the microorganism growth. Fermentations were carried in a 1L batch reactor equipped with an agitation systems designed to provide uniform mixing. The composition of the medium; cells, glucose, protein, pH, metabolite production as well as L. Paracasei’ growth trend was analysed throughout the process. Fermentation on supernatant obtained from rice flour and water suspension through centrifugation were possible to produce a potential probiotic functional food with a good bacterial charge.

Published
2019

25. Contributor contact details

Author

Scala, F., primary, Horio, M., additional, Wang, D., additional, Fan, L.-S., additional, Dennis, J.S., additional, Grace, J.R., additional, Lim, C.J., additional, Di Natale, F., additional, Nigro, R., additional, Scala, F., additional, Chirone, R., additional, Salatino, P., additional, Solimene, R., additional, Montagnaro, F., additional, Miccio, M., additional, Miccio, F., additional, Gulyurtlu, I., additional, Pinto, F., additional, Abelha, P., additional, Crujeira, A.T., additional, Lopes, H., additional, Knowlton, T.M., additional, Pallarès, D., additional, Johnsson, F., additional, Gómez-Barea, A., additional, Wheeldon, J.M., additional, Thimsen, D., additional, Leckner, B., additional, Shimizu, T., additional, Nowak, W., additional, Mirek, P., additional, Arena, U., additional, Rüdisüli, M., additional, Schildhauer, T.J., additional, Biollaz, S.M.A., additional, van Ommen, J.R., additional, Anthony, E.J., additional, Hack, H., additional, Lyngfelt, A., additional, Abanades, J.C., additional, Pfeifer, C., additional, Winter, F., additional, and Schratzer, B., additional

Published
2013
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29. PD-0549: Improving radiotherapy accuracy with EPID invivo dosimetry: results from a multicentric study.

Author

Esposito, M., primary, Piermattei, A., additional, Bresciani, S., additional, Orlandini, L.C., additional, Falco, M.D., additional, Giancaterino, S., additional, Savino, C., additional, Ianiro, A., additional, Nigro, R., additional, Botez, L., additional, Riccardi, S., additional, Fidanzio, A., additional, Greco, F., additional, Villaggi, E., additional, Russo, S., additional, and Stasi, M., additional

Published
2020
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31. Ti/Al/W Ohmic contacts to p-type implanted 4H-SiC.

Author

Vivona, M., Greco, G., Lo Nigro, R., Bongiorno, C., and Roccaforte, F.

Subjects
TITANIUM electrometallurgy, TITANIUM spectra, ELECTRIC properties, SILICON carbide, CHEMICAL synthesis, ANNEALING of metals
Abstract

In this work, the morphological, structural, and electrical properties of Ti/Al/W contacts to p-type implanted silicon carbide (4H-SiC) have been monitored as a function of the annealing temperature (800-1100?°C). The increase of the annealing temperature induces a transition from a rectifying to an Ohmic behavior, with a specific contact resistance of 5.8?×?10-4 Ωcm2. The electrical behavior has been correlated with the morphological and structural analyses. In particular, the transition to an Ohmic behavior was accompanied by a gradual increase of the surface roughness and by the occurrence of a reaction leading to the formation of new phases in the stack and at the interface (TiAl3, W(SiAl)2, and TiC). The presence of Al-rich protrusions penetrating in the SiC substrate was also observed. From the temperature dependence of the electrical parameters, a barrier height of 0.69?eV for this system was determined. The thermal stability of the contacts has been demonstrated for long-term (up to 100 h) thermal cycling at 400?°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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36. 161. A crowd-knowledge-based analysis of DVHs in SBRT: First steps towards a national virtual audit

Author

Savini, A., primary, Fusella, M., additional, Esposito, M., additional, Ardu, V., additional, Benecchi, G., additional, Bergantin, A., additional, Borzi, G.R., additional, Bresciani, S., additional, Cagni, E., additional, Carbonini, C., additional, Casati, M., additional, Clemente, S., additional, Consorti, R., additional, Cora, S., additional, DeMartin, E., additional, ElGawhary, R., additional, Falco, M.D., additional, Fedele, D., additional, Fiandra, C., additional, Frassanito, M.C., additional, Garibaldi, C., additional, Gasperi, G., additional, Giglioli, F.R., additional, Guidi, G., additional, Ielo, I., additional, Landoni, V., additional, Magi, S., additional, Malatesta, T., additional, Marino, C., additional, Masi, L., additional, Moretti, E., additional, Naccarato, S., additional, Nardiello, B., additional, Nigro, R., additional, Pastore, G., additional, Presello, M., additional, Ravaglia, V., additional, Russo, S., additional, Strigari, L., additional, Strolin, S., additional, Talamonti, C., additional, Vaiano, A., additional, Vigorito, S., additional, Villaggi, E., additional, Stasi, M., additional, and Mancosu, P., additional

Published
2018
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37. La frontera mexicana entre crónica periodística y narrativa de ficción

Author

Morelli, G, Pittarello, E, Bognolo, A, Neri, S, Tomasi, G, Trujillo, S, Bazzaco, S, Lievens, AM, Nigro, R, Piras PR, Gorla, P, Rubio Árquez, M, Carrascón, G, Sambrian, OA, Zinato, A, Ferrer, E, Siviero, D, Giaccio, L, Grasso, I, Maffini, A, Craveri, M, Greco, B, Tosolini, G, Crippa, F, Belloni, B, De Pieri, MT, Candeloro, A, Cavazzino, V, Monti, S, Odicino, R, Bailini, S, Notaro, G, Gonzalez Luna Corvera, AM, Rosso, M, Gambin, F, Calabrese, G, Cattaneo, S, Gonzalez Luna Corvera, A, Morelli, G, Pittarello, E, Bognolo, A, Neri, S, Tomasi, G, Trujillo, S, Bazzaco, S, Lievens, AM, Nigro, R, Piras PR, Gorla, P, Rubio Árquez, M, Carrascón, G, Sambrian, OA, Zinato, A, Ferrer, E, Siviero, D, Giaccio, L, Grasso, I, Maffini, A, Craveri, M, Greco, B, Tosolini, G, Crippa, F, Belloni, B, De Pieri, MT, Candeloro, A, Cavazzino, V, Monti, S, Odicino, R, Bailini, S, Notaro, G, Gonzalez Luna Corvera, AM, Rosso, M, Gambin, F, Calabrese, G, Cattaneo, S, and Gonzalez Luna Corvera, A

Abstract

The Mexican border between journalistic chronicle and fictional narrative. Journalistic chronicle as a literary reconstruction of facts or people invites us to pose certain questions, such as the whether this genre can be placed in between history and literature and what kind of a role testimony plays in its creation. I am here proposing an analysis of three novels written by Diego Enrique Osorno, Alejandro Hernández and Antonio Ortuño on the topic of the Northern and Southern Mexican border in order to suggest a connection between these two genres and highlight points of difference and similarity., La crónica periodística como la reconstrucción literaria de sucesos o figuras nos invita a plantearnos algunas preguntas, como la posibilidad de colocar este género entre la historia y la literatura, y la función que tiene el testimonio en su elaboración. Propongo el análisis de tres novelas escritas por Diego Enrique Osorno, Alejandro Hernández y Antonio Ortuño sobre el tema de la frontera mexicana del norte y del sur, para plantear la relación entre ambos géneros, marcar distinciones y señalar puntos en común.

Published
2018

38. Nanoscale structural and electrical evolution of Ta- and Ti-based contacts on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures.

Author

Greco, G., Giannazzo, F., Iucolano, F., Lo Nigro, R., and Roccaforte, F.

Subjects
HETEROSTRUCTURES, SUPERLATTICES, NANOSTRUCTURED materials, NANOTECHNOLOGY, NANOSTRUCTURES
Abstract

In this paper, the nanoscale structural and electrical evolution of Ta- and Ti-based contacts was investigated employing several analytical techniques. A correlation between the improvement of the electrical quality of the contacts and the formation of Al-alloyed phases (TaAl3 or TiAl3) during annealing was observed. However, while for the Ti/Al contacts an Ohmic behavior with a contact resistance Rc ∼ 1.8 Ω mm has been achieved after annealing at 500 °C, Ta/Al contacts exhibited a higher contact resistance (Rc ∼ 36.3 Ω·mm) even after annealing at 700 °C. The different electrical behaviour has been explained considering the different interface and the homogeneity of the current transport at a nanoscale level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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39. PO-1000: Modulation indexes for VMAT SBRT liver treatments: data from a multicentric evaluation

Author

Esposito, M., primary, Hernandez, V., additional, Saez, J., additional, Carbonini, C., additional, Clemente, S., additional, Fedele, D., additional, Fiandra, C., additional, Fusella, M., additional, Garibaldi, C., additional, Giglioli, F.R., additional, Landoni, V., additional, Marino, C., additional, Moretti, E., additional, NIgro, R., additional, Russo, S., additional, Savini, A., additional, Strigari, L., additional, Strolin, S., additional, Talamonti, C., additional, Villaggi, E., additional, Stasi, M., additional, Mancosu, P., additional, and Veronese, I., additional

Published
2018
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40. Electro-structural evolution and Schottky barrier height in annealed Au/Ni contacts onto p-GaN.

Author

Greco, G., Prystawko, P., Leszczynski, M., Lo Nigro, R., Raineri, V., and Roccaforte, F.

Subjects
GALLIUM nitride, HEAT conduction, GOLD, NICKEL, ANNEALING of metals, SCHOTTKY barrier diodes, MICROSTRUCTURE
Abstract

This paper reports on the evolution of the structural and electrical proprieties of Au/Ni contacts to p-type gallium nitride (GaN) upon thermal treatments. Annealing of the metals in an oxidizing atmosphere (N2/O2) led to better electrical characteristics, in terms of specific contact resistance (ρc), with respect to non-reacting ambient (Ar). The evolution of the metal structures and the formation of a NiO layer both at the sample surface and at the interface with p-GaN were monitored by several techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, a reduction of the Schottky barrier height from 1.07 eV (Ar annealing) to 0.71 eV (N2/O2 annealing) was determined by the temperature dependence of the ρc. Local current maps by conductive AFM demonstrate the role of the interface in the conduction mechanism. These electrical results were correlated with the interfacial microstructure of the annealed contacts considering different transport models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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41. Perovskite CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films for capacitive applications: From the growth to the nanoscopic imaging of the permittivity.

Author

Fiorenza, P., Lo Nigro, R., Sciuto, A., Delugas, P., Raineri, V., Toro, R. G., Catalano, M. R., and Malandrino, G.

Subjects
*PEROVSKITE, *THIN films, *PERMITTIVITY, *METAL organic chemical vapor deposition, *CAPACITORS, *EPITAXY, *DIELECTRICS
Abstract

The physical properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on LaAlO3 substrates have been investigated. The structural, compositional, and optical characteristics have been evaluated, and all the collected data demonstrated that in the obtained (001) epitaxial CCTO thin films, a low defect density is present. The electrical behavior of the deposited thin films has been studied from both micro- and nanoscopic points of view and compared with the properties reported in the literature. The electrical measurements on large area capacitors indicated that in the investigated work frequency range (102–106 Hz), the CCTO films possess dielectric constants close to the theoretically predicted “intrinsic” value and almost independent of the frequency. The nanoscopic dielectric investigation demonstrated that the deposited CCTO films possess n-type semiconducting nature and that a colossal extrinsic behavior can be locally achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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42. From micro- to nanotransport properties in Pr2O3-based thin layers.

Author

Fiorenza, P., Lo Nigro, R., Raineri, V., Lombardo, S., Toro, R. G., Malandrino, G., and Fragalà, I. L.

Subjects
*THIN films, *SOLID state electronics, *SURFACES (Technology), *NANOPARTICLES, *SEMICONDUCTORS, *CAPACITORS, *DIELECTRIC devices
Abstract

In this paper, the conduction mechanisms in Si/SiO2/PrxSiyOz/Pr2O3/Au metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors have been investigated. The dielectric stack has been produced by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. Nanoscopic and microscopic capacitance properties have been correlated. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of 25-μm-radius metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors have been evaluated and compared to the measurements performed by scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The study of the SCM images allows us to confirm the value of interface state density (Dit≈1012 cm-2 eV-1) obtained by C-V investigation excluding any defect or grain-boundary contribution in the capacitance phenomena. The conduction mechanisms have been investigated by current-density–voltage (J-V) measurements performed at different temperatures (from 100 to 200 °C). At low electric fields, a slight dependence of J-V characteristics in function of both temperature and electric field has been observed, while a relatively strong dependence at high fields has been found. Hill’s diagram indicated that at high electric fields the conduction follows the Poole-Frenkel mechanism. Finally, Hill’s diagram points out that the traps contributing to the conduction phenomena are approximately at the midgap value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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43. Iron-based nanoparticles production by flame spray pyrolysis

Author

Allouis, C., Budelli, A., Stefano Cimino, Nigro, R., Schiattarella, P., Allouis, C., Budelli, Andrea, Cimino, Stefano, Nigro, Roberto, and Schiattarella, Paola

Subjects
Flame synthesis, Iron-based nanoparticles, flame spray pyrolysis
Abstract

Iron is a component of heme in hemoglobin and myoglobin in which it plays an important role in the transport, storage and utilization of oxygen. Iron deficiency is one of the primary risk factors for health worldwide (especially woman and children). This deficiency induce anemia, alteration in mental development and decrease in immunity. Nutritional iron deficiency arises when physiological requirements cannot be met by iron absorption from diet. Particle size is a determinant of iron (Fe) absorption from poorly soluble Fe compounds. Decreasing the particle size of metallic Fe and ferric pyrophosphate added to foods increases Fe absorption and bioavailability. The compounds most suitable for this purpose are iron salts as FePO4 e FeSO4. Iron phosphate is commonly used as a human nutritional supplement and as a fertilizer ingredient. Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) is an industrial consolidated process used to obtain nanosized powders in large scale. However the application of nanotechnology to the field of medical food is the subject of controversial opinions due to the shortage of available toxicological data. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize nanoparticles of FePO4 made by Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). The effect of precursor flow rate and concentration on particles size and powder production rate was investigated. The particle size distribution functions were in-line characterized in the range 7 nm-10 ?m by a low pressure impactor, ELPITM. Furthermore qualitative and quantitative analysis was made by gravimetric measurement, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption BET.

Published
2016

45. Perovskite Ca[Cu.sub.3][Ti.sub.4][O.sub.12] thin films for capacitive applications: from the growth to the nanoscopic imaging of the permittivity

Author

Fiorenza, P., Lo Nigro, R., Sciuto, A., Delugas, P., Raineri, V., Toro, R.G., Catalano, M.R., and Malandrino, G.

Subjects
Calcium -- Electric properties, Chemical vapor deposition -- Usage, Copper alloys -- Mechanical properties, Copper alloys -- Electric properties, Titanium -- Electric properties, Physics
Abstract

The physical properties of Ca[Cu.sub.3][Ti.sub.4][O.sub.12] (CCTO) thin films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on LaAl[O.sub.3] substrates are examined. The nanoscopic dielectric examination has shown that the deposited CCTO film has possessed n-type semiconducting nature and a colossal extrinsic behavior is achieved.

Published
2009

46. BiFeO3 Films Doped in the A or B Sites: Effects on the Structural and Morphological Properties

Author

Maria R. Catalano, Scillato D, Guglielmo G. Condorelli, Lo Nigro R, Nadia Licciardello, and Graziella Malandrino

Subjects
Diffraction, Fabrication, Materials science, Doping, Biomedical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Bioengineering, General Chemistry, Chemical vapor deposition, Condensed Matter Physics, Characterization (materials science), Homogeneous, General Materials Science, Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, Yttria-stabilized zirconia
Abstract

Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) has been applied to the fabrication of BiFeO3 films undoped and doped with Ba or Ti on SrTiO3 (100) and YSZ (100) substrates. The films have been deposited using a multi-metal source, consisting of the Bi(phenyl)3, Fe(tmhd)3 and Ba(hfa)2 tetraglyme or Ti(tmhd)2(O-iPr)2 (phenyl = -C6H5, H-tmhd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptandione; O-iPr = iso-propoxide; H-hfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione; tetraglyme = CH3O(CH2CH2O)4CH3) precursor mixture. The structural and morphological characterization of films has been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Chemical compositional studies have been performed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Structural and morphological characterizations point to the formation of homogeneous and flat surfaces for both undoped and doped BiFeO3 films.

Published
2011

47. From micro- to nanotransport properties in Pr(sub 2)O(sub 3)-based thin layers

Author

Florenza, P., Nigro, R. Lo, Raineri, V., Lombardo, S., Toro, R.G., Malandrino, G., and Fragala, I.L.

Subjects
Dielectric films -- Electric properties, Thin films -- Electric properties, Scanning microscopy -- Analysis, Praseodymium -- Electric properties, Physics
Abstract

The conduction mechanisms in Si/SiO(sub 2)/Pr(sub 2)O(sub 3)/Au metal-insulator semiconductor capacitors was investigated. The capacitance-voltage characteristics of 25-mum-radius metal-oxide-semioxide conductor capacitors was evaluated and compared to the measurements performed by scanning capacitance microscopy and the conduction mechanisms was investigated by current-density-voltage measurements performed at different temperature (from 100 to 200 degree C).

Published
2005

48. Technical and economic analysis of the combustion of mixed poultry litter/olive pomace pellets for energy recovery

Author

Allouis C and CIMINO S. and Gallo M and Nigro R

Subjects
waste valorization, energy recovery, poultry, pellets, combustion
Abstract

Currently, due to the stringent and explicit European environmental legislation about land spreading of nitrates, the direct land application of the poultry litter (PL) is not anymore the most appropriate disposal technique [European law 1991/676/CEE]. According to the recent European guide lines concerning the smart grids, the generation of electricity and heat from poultry derived wastes based on high-temperature thermal destruction techniques, i.e. combustion, could be a promising local waste management solution. In this work we set out to investigate the technical and the economic feasibility of the combustion of poultry litter blended with olive pomace in a domestic burner (35 kW) initially designed for wood pellets. Flue gas and solid by-products during combustion tests were characterized at varying poultry litter content in the pellets. Compared to the combustion of wood pellets, CO and particulate emissions increased with PL content, whose inorganic fraction was mainly concentrated in the ashes. Under optimized conditions, the burner could be satisfactorily fuelled with pellets containing up to 50% PL by weight.

Published
2015

49. HEXAALUMINATE CATALYSTS FOR THE HIGH TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION OF METHANOL

Author

CIMINO S. and Nigro R and Weidmann U and Holzner R

Subjects
catalytic combustion, Therophotovoltaics, methanol, hexaaluminates
Abstract

The overall efficiency of Thermophotovoltaics (TPV) for electricity/heat/cold co-generation would significantly benefit from the development of high temperature radiation emitters heated up by an integrated catalytic burner fuelled with methanol. Specific combustion catalysts are required with good intrinsic oxidation activity and outstanding thermal stability. To this aim, a series of La, Mn based hexaaluminates were prepared either by the Solution Combustion Synthesis with Urea or by the Carbonates Coprecipitation route and tested for the catalytic combustion of methanol-air mixtures. All of the materials were characterized by XRD, BET, H 2 -TPR and compared in terms of their intrinsic catalytic activity and selectivity for the total oxidation of methanol, and stability of their catalytic performance was checked after calcination at temperatures as high as 1300°C.

Published
2015

50. Electrical and structural properties of Ti/Al-based contacts on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with different quality

Author

Greco, G, Iucolano, F, Bongiorno, C, Di Franco, S, Lo Nigro, R, Giannazzo, F, Prystawko, P, Kruszewski, P, Krysko, M, Grzanka, E, Leszczynski, M, Tudisco, C, Condorelli, Guglielmo Guido, and Roccaforte, F.

Subjects
AlGaN, aluminimum, ohmic contacts, titanium, defects, GaN
Abstract

In this work, the electrical and structural properties of Ti/Al contacts on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with a different crystalline quality were investigated. In particular, the sample with a lower defects density required a higher temperature (800 degrees C) to obtain Ohmic contacts, while the more defective sample showed Ohmic behaviour at lower annealing temperature (500 degrees C). The susceptibility to oxidation of the metal stack upon annealing has been monitored by chemical analyses. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the contact resistance of the Ti/Al annealed contacts revealed that the interface current transport mechanism depends on the material quality. These results were attributed to the presence of V-shaped defect close to the surface of the AlGaN barrier layer. A nanoscale electrical analysis demonstrated a preferential current conduction through these defects, which indeed plays a relevant role for the formation of the Ohmic contact.

Published
2015

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