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18th National Sleep Medicine Congress - OCT 26-29, 2017 - Bodrum, TURKEY Saruhan, Ercan/0000-0001-6416-1442 WOS: 000495454200003 Objective: Although the presence of a systemic inflammatory response is known in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), there have not been adequate investigations on the association of such a response with the predominance of apneas either in rapid eye movement (REM) or in the non-REM (NREM) phase. In this study, we compared interleukin-23 (IL-23) concentrations, a marker of systemic inflammatory process, in individuals with sleep apnea syndrome, whose apneas where predominant in the REM or NREM phase. Methods: Fifty-four patients aged over 18 years who were diagnosed as having OSAS based on polysomnography were included in the study. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was used to divide patients into groups of AHI(REM)>AHI(NREM) and AHI(NREM)>AHI(REM). In the blood samples drawn from the patients, IL-23 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:The study included patients with OSAS aged 28-65 years, of whom 29 were AHI(REM)>AHI(NREM) and 25 were AHI(NREM)> N-REM. The AHI(REM) >AHI(NREM) OSAS group had no sex-based variance (14 males, 15 females), but the AHI(NREM) >AHI(REM) group was substantially composed of males (21 males, 4 females). The average AHI( )of the AHI(NREM) >AHI(REM) group (43.34 +/- 21.40) was significantly higher than in the AHI(REM) >AHI(NREM) Nifm group (26.79 +/- 17.32). IL-23 concentrations were higher in patients with AHI(REM) >AHI(NREM) sleep apnea (225.38 +/- 77.29) compared patients with AHI(NREM) >AHI(REM), sleep apnea (183.68 +/- 78.49). Conclusion: In AHI(REM) >AHI(NREM )sleep apnea, the systemic inflammatory response may be more dramatic. Taking the AHI(REM) value into consideration along with the average AHI value seems to be important for treatment modalities.

WOS: 000496445800010 PubMed ID: 31280388 AimIn Parkinson's disease (PD), oxidative stress plays a substantial role in degeneration of dopaminergic neurons at the substantia nigra. Recent reports describe nesfatin-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as molecules with neuroprotective property that relieve oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to determine the blood levels of nesfatin-1, GLP-1 and oxidative stress status in patients with PD.Material and methodForty patients with PD, followed-up at the Department of Neurology of Mugla Sitki Kocman University Training and Research Hospital, were enrolled, as well as 40 age- and sex-matched participants as a control group. We determined and compared nesfatin-1, GLP-1, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in patients with PD and control group.ResultsThe mean GLP-1 and nesfatin-1 values of patients with PD were lower than those of the control group, whereas their mean TOS value was higher. The mean TAS values, on the other hand, did not reveal any significant difference between the patient and the control groups.ConclusionThe lower nesfatin-1 and GLP-1 levels, in addition to higher TOS levels, in patients with PD compared to those of control group suggest that the neuroprotective effects of these molecules might be related to the oxidative processes. Further studies are required to search for the impact of abovenamed molecules on the treatment option and the likelihood that they may slow down disease progression. Mugla Sitki Kocman University Research Projects Coordination OfficeMugla Sitki Kocman University [15/237] Mugla Sitki Kocman University Research Projects Coordination Office through Project Grant. Number has granted this paper: (15/237)

Azik, Fatih/0000-0001-5715-4244; karakus, volkan/0000-0001-9178-2850 WOS: 000539665000001 PubMed ID: 32441176 Chronic anemia, transfusion-associated iron deposition, and chelating agents lead to renal impairment in beta-thalassemia (beta-thal) patients. The present study aimed to determine the most reliable and practical method in assessing and predicting renal injury in beta-thal major (beta-TM) patients. Therefore, we assessed the predictive values of urine beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, their ratios to urine creatinine, and serum endocan level. Sixty beta-TM patients and 30 healthy controls were included. Renal functions of the patients and controls were evaluated by means of urine protein/creatinine ratio, urine beta 2-MG, urine NGAL, and serum endocan level. The beta-TM and control groups were comparable in terms of the demographic characteristics. Of the beta-TM patients, 26.7% had glomerular hyperfiltration and 41.7% had proteinuria. Compared with the control group, the beta-TM group had significantly higher levels of urine protein/creatinine, urine beta 2-MG, urine beta 2-MG/creatinine, urine NGAL, urine NGAL/creatinine, and serum endocan. These parameters did not differ between the chelating agent subgroups in the patient group. Urine beta 2-MG/creatinine and NGAL/creatinine ratios were the parameters with high specificity in predicting proteinuria. There were significant correlations of urine beta 2-MG, urine NGAL, and serum endocan levels with serum ferritin concentration. Urine beta 2-MG/creatinine, NGAL/creatinine, and protein/creatinine ratios were correlated with each other in the patient group. Positive correlations of urine beta 2-MG, urine NGAL, and serum endocan levels with serum ferritin concentration indicated that iron deposition was associated with endothelial damage and renal injury. Mugla Sitki Kocman University Scientific Research Projects UnitMugla Sitki Kocman University [16/133] The study was supported by the Mugla Sitki Kocman University Scientific Research Projects Unit with the project number 16/133.

(1) Aim of the Study: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the vascular damage and the effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme inhibitors in hepatic damage caused by high doses of acetaminophen (APAP). (2) Material and methods: Fifty-three Swiss albino male mice were used for this study. Hepatic and thoracic aorta toxicity caused by 2 or 6 h exposures to APAP (300 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) were evaluated. The general NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME: 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and the neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI: 15 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered one hour before APAP exposure. (3) Results: Significant morphological deteriorations were observed after 6 h of APAP exposure in histopathological examinations of hepatic sections. Pre-treatment with L-NAME (at 50 mg/kg) or 7-NI before a 6 h APAP exposure significantly decreased hepatic toxicity (p < 0.05). Significant increases in ALT levels in 6 h of APAP exposure were decreased by both L-NAME (with the 25 mg/kg but not at 50 mg/kg) and 7-NI pre-treatments. No significant change was observed in the measured nitrate/nitrite levels and total antioxidant status in either serum or liver homogenates. No significant deteriorations were observed during either hematoxylin-eosin or immunohistochemical staining in thoracic aorta sections. In the thoracic artery sections, no statistical difference was found in acetylcholine-mediated relaxation, which may indicate endothelial dysfunction. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrated that APAP-induced hepatic toxicity, especially neuronal NOS inhibitors, may decrease hepatic toxicity. It was also shown that APAP-induced hepatic toxicity was not accompanied by vascular dysfunction.

WOS: 000507495500017 PubMed ID: 31942744 BACKGROUND: Hip fracture is a common clinical problem which causes severe pain in geriatric patients. However, severe pain following fracture may bring on mental disorders and delirium. A neuroinflammatory response with IL-6 and IL-8 has been shown to be associated with the pathophysiology of delirium. In this study, our primary hypothesis is that preoperative femoral nerve block (FNB) intervention in geriatric patients will more effectively attenuate pain following trochanteric femur fracture than the preoperative paracetamol application. Our secondary hypothesis is that interleukin levels (IL-6, IL-8) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) will be lower in the femoral nerve block group than the paracetamol group. Our tertiary hypothesis is that the incidence of postoperative delirium will be lower in the femoral nerve block group. METHODS: The patients over 65 years of age with ASA status II-IV and admitted to the Emergency Service for femur fracture were included in this study. Recommendations of the "delirium prevention table" were applied to all of the patients at arrival. In the first group, 15 mg/kg paracetamol was administered intravenously every eight hours. In the second group, femoral nerve blockage was performed, and a catheter was placed. Then, 0.5 mL/kg bupivacaine 0.25% was applied every eight hours. In both groups, pain scores four hours after interventions were recorded. All patients were operated within 48 hours under spinal anesthesia. During spinal anesthesia, 2 mL of CSF samples were taken from all patients for analysis of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines, and pain scores during positioning were recorded. RESULTS: VAS scores four hours after the first preoperative pain treatment and during the positioning for regional anesthesia were significantly lower in the femoral nerve block group. IL-8 levels are significantly lower in the femoral nerve block group but not in IL-6 levels. The incidence of delirium was less in the femoral nerve block group, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The femoral nerve block was more effective in preoperative pain management of trochanteric femur fracture and preventing pain during regional anesthesia application. The mean IL-8 level was lower in the femoral nerve block group when compared to the paracetamol group. There is no difference in the postoperative delirium incidence between groups.

Background: The protective effect of mistletoe extract (Helixor®, HLX) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced acute oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats was evaluated by histological and biochemical methods as well as the comet assay. Material and Methods: 32 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, HLX group (5 mg/kg body weight (bw), days 1-10, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), MTX group (10 mg/kg bw, days 7, 8, and 9, i.p.), and MTX + HLX group (10 mg/kg bw, days 7, 8, and 9, i.p. + 5 mg/kg bw, days 1-10, i.p.). At the end of the experiment, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured, and a histopathological analysis and comet assay were carried out. Results: MTX induced renal oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in the rats. Pretreatment with HLX significantly improved the renal GSH-Px and SOD activities in the MTX + HLX group compared to the MTX group. The decrease in the NO and MPO levels in the rat groups pretreated with HLX was not significant. The histochemical evaluation revealed that HLX provided significant improvement in the MTX-induced renal degenerative changes, including tubule distension, interstitial inflammation, perirenal inflammation, glomerular congestion, glomerular degeneration, and parenchymal hemorrhage, in the MTX + HLX group compared to the MTX-administered group. According to the comet assay, pretreatment with HLX lowered the MTX-induced DNA damage in endogenous lymphocytes, although not significantly. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that HLX administration markedly reduced the MTX-induced acute oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most important lung disease leading to disability and even death. Recent studies have shown that the platelet indices are associated with several cardiovascular diseases; however, there is little data on COPD. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the relationship between platelet indices, together with the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), white blood cell count to mean platelet volume ratio (WMR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) and the severity of COPD. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study was based on data collected from a total of 153 COPD patients admitted to our outpatient clinic between March 2014 and March 2015. All of the participants underwent pulmonary function tests; FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC were measured. The study population was divided into four according to the severity of COPD as group A (mild), group B (mild to moderate), group C (moderate to severe), and group D (severe). RESULTS A significant increase was found in platelet distribution width (PDW), MPV, plateletcrit, PLR, and RDW while WMR decreased as the COPD severity increases. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that PDW and RDW were independently associated with the presence of severe COPD. ROC curve analysis showed that a PDW>14.85 was associated with severe COPD with 85% sensitivity and 86% specificity while RDW>14.45 was associated with severe COPD with 90% sensitivity and 87% specificity. CONCLUSIONS The PDW and the RDW are independently associated with disease severity, which may indicate hypoxemia, underlying inflammation, and oxidative stress in COPD.

Diazinon (DI) is an organophosphate. Thymoquinone (TQ) is produced from Nigella sativa. This study was a biochemical investigation of the protective properties of TQ as a supportive treatment in brain damage caused by diazinon. Rats were divided into four groups of eight, as follows: Group 1, control; group 2, DI; group 3, DI + TQ; and group 4, TQ. Groups 2 and 3 received DI. Groups 3 and 4 received TQ. In group 2, NO levels were higher and SOD levels were lower compared to the control group. In groups 3 and 4, NO levels were lower and SOD levels were higher than in either the control or group 2. In group 4, DNA damage was lower than in group 2, but the difference between groups 2 and 3 was not significant. The results suggest that TQ, because of its antioxidant properties, can be used to treat oxidative stress caused by DI intoxication.

Itraconazole (ITZ) belongs to the triazole group of antifungals with potent keratinophilic and lipophilic features. Hepatotoxicity is one of its most remarkable features. Silibinin (SIL) is a plant used worldwide which is used in the treatment of many liver diseases and it is especially very well known for its hepatoprotective-cytoprotective effect. The aim of our study was to research the protective effect of SIL in ITZ-induced hepatotoxicity using biochemical and pathological tests. Liver enzymes and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically by using commercial kits. ALT and AST levels in ITZ group were significantly increased compared to the group, while the activities of GSH-Px and SOD had decreased (p 0.05). When ITZ group was compared to ITZ + SIL group, AST, ALT, and levels of NO and MPO were significantly decreased, while the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were increased (p 0.05). Histopathological evaluation showed that SIL significantly decreased periportal inflammation and parenchymal hepatocyte apoptosis in ITZ and ITZ + SIL groups (p 0.05). Eventhough not statistically significant, partial improvement with the use of SIL has been detected (p 0.05) in hepatocyte degeneration and multinuclear giant cell formation. According to the evaluation performed with comet assay method, ITZ leads to DNA damage, and the use of SIL significantly decreases DNA damage (p 0.05). We have detected that the use of ITZ increases oxidative stress (MPO, NO), decreases antioxidant activity (SOD and GSH-Px), and leads to DNA damage and histopathological liver damage, whereas the use of SIL has a cytoprotective effect on the liver by increasing the antioxidant effect (SOD, GSH-Px) and by decreasing the oxidative stress (NO, MPO). ITZ causes the generation of ROS and leads to DNA damage and liver damage. SIL has a cytoprotective effect on the liver by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, preventing the formation of ROS.

This study investigates the preventive effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on pancreatic damage induced by vancomycin (VCM) in rats. Rats were equally divided into three groups: group I (control), group II (only VCM-treated group) and group III (VCM + CAPE-treated groups). VCM was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 200 mg kg−1twice daily for 7 days. CAPE was administered orally at 10 µM mL−1 kg−1 dose once daily for 7 days. The first dose of CAPE administration was performed 24 h prior to VCM injection. Blood and pancreas tissue samples were removed and collected after the study. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lipase activities were determined. Pancreas tissue samples were evaluated with the light microscope. Group II significantly increased serum ALP, amylase, GGT and lipase activities when compared with the control group. Group III significantly decreased serum ALP, amylase, GGT and lipase activities when compared with group II. In histopathological examination, it has been observed that there was a significant pancreatic damage in group II. CAPE exerted prominent structural protection against VCM-induced pancreatic damage and this effect was statistically significant. CAPE caused a marked reduction in the extent of pancreatic damage. We have concluded that it may play an important role in the VCM-induced pancreatic damage and reduce the pancreatic damage both at the biochemical and histopathological aspects.

WOS: 000407787300003 PubMed ID: 28553881 Migraine is one of the most common types of pain associated with sterile inflammatory conditions. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a potential novel inflammatory marker. We aim to determine the association between serum values of suPAR, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and migraine disease characteristics. The study involved a total of 60 migraine patients (33 patients in the interictal period, 27 patients in the attack period) and 30 healthy individuals. The serum values of suPAR were found to be significantly higher in migraine patients in the attack period than in migraine patients in the interictal period, and in healthy individuals (p < .01 for both). In addition, levels of suPAR were determined to be higher in migraine with aura patients than in migraine without aura patients. When we subdivided migraine patients according to frequency of attack (attacks/month), significant differences were found between the suPAR and procalcitonin levels (measured during the attack period) of those in the frequent-attack group (4-5 or more) versus those in the less frequent attack group (less than 4). Serum levels of procalcitonin were shown to be significantly higher in migraine patients during the attack period compared with migraine patients in the interictal period and in control subjects (p = .001 for both). Significant differences were found between plasma levels of fibrinogen in migraine patients versus control subjects (p < .01). No statistically significant difference was found between levels of hs-CRP in migraine patients versus the control group. These findings may show that presenting a high level of suPAR in migraine patients with attack and aura results to predisposition to occurring on the symptoms and that high levels of suPAR, procalcitonin and fibrinogen in patients with migraine result in neurogenic inflammation during migraine headaches. Mugla Sitki Kocman Univesity [15/227] This work was supported by scientific research project in Mugla Sitki Kocman Univesity, project number is 15/227.

WOS: 000399671500006 PubMed ID: 25521238 Objectives: Walnuts contain numerous selected dietary factors that have an impact on brain functions, especially learning and memory formation in the hippocampus. Hippocampal N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are involved in the formation of cognitive functions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular effects of walnut supplementation on the hippocampal expressions of NMDARs involved in cognitive functions and lipid peroxidation levels in rats. Methods: The male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 months old, n = 24) were fed with a walnut-supplemented diet (6% walnut diet, n = 12) and a control diet (rat food, n = 12) as ad libitum for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, NMDAR subunits NR2A and NR2B in the hippocampi were assayed by western blotting. Lipid peroxidation levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid. Results: The expression of NR2A and NR2B was elevated in the walnut-supplemented rats compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of lipid peroxidation in the walnut-supplemented group were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Discussion: We suggested that walnut supplementation may have protective effects against the decline of cognitive functions by regulating NMDAR and lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus. The study provides evidence that selected dietary factors (polyunsaturated fatty acids, melatonin, vitamin E, and flavonoids) within walnut may help to trigger hippocampal neuronal signal transduction for the formation of learning and memory.

BACKGROUND A limited number of human and animal studies suggest that a relationship exists between phthalates and obesity, although this is not supported by all research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the levels of phthalates in human blood and urine samples. METHODS Sixty-four overweight or 132 obese individuals (total=196) of different ages (min-max, 17-62; mean ± SD, 42.07±11.3) and genders (F:M 97:99) enrolled in the study. BMI and waist circumference were measured to diagnose obesity. Venous blood samples were taken after overnight fasting. To compare the urine phthalates among participants, single spot urine (at least 10 mL) was collected from the subject after blood samples were taken. Urine and blood phthalate concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS Total blood/urinary phthalate levels significantly increased in proportion to the degree of obesity. There was a high correlation between the level of total phthalates in serum and BMI (ρ=0.697, P

Objective: Caloric restriction (CR) is a dietary regimen that restricts calorie intake while maintaining the essential nutritional requirements without disturbing the homeostasis of body. As well as prevention of obesity, CR has been shown to prevent age-related pathologies and delay the aging process. In the present study 60% of caloric intake was restricted for 10 weeks and effect of CR on oxidant and antioxidant markers were determined from their erythrocytes.Materials and Methods: Wistar Albino, 40 male (4-5 months) rats were included and divided into 4 groups as: non-obese (NK), non-obese caloric restricted (ND), obese (OK), obese calorie restricted (OD) groups. At the beginning of the experiment the weight of NK and OK groups were 250±20 gr and 400±20 gr respectively. At the end of 10th week the rats were anaesthetized, euthanized by taking blood from aorta. Hemolyzed erythrocytes were prepared and malondialdehide (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and finally reduced glutatione (GSH) were determined.Results: While MDA level of OD group was significantly decreased, SOD, CAT and GSH levels of OD group was significantly increased compared to OK group. For ND group, MDA level was significantly decreased and SOD and CAT levels were significantly increased compared to NK group (P

We aimed to investigate the short-term effect of laparoscopic surgery on serum thiol-disulfide homeostasis levels as a marker of oxidant stress of surgical trauma in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.Venous blood samples were collected, and levels of native thiols, total thiols, and disulfides were determined with a novel automated assay. Total antioxidant capacity (measured as the ferric-reducing ability of plasma) and serum ischemia modified albumin, expressed as absorbance units assayed by the albumin cobalt binding test, were determined.The major findings of the present study were that native thiol (283 ± 45 versus 241 ± 61 μmol/L), total thiol (313 ± 49 versus 263 ± 67 μmol/L), and disulfide (14.9 ± 4.6 versus 11.0 ± 6.1 μmol/L) levels were decreased significantly during operation and although they increased, they did not return to preoperation levels 24 hours after laparoscopic surgery compared to the levels at baseline. Disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol levels did not change during laparoscopic surgery.The decrease in plasma level of native and total thiol groups suggests impairment of the antioxidant capacity of plasma; however, the delicate balance between the different redox forms of thiols was maintained during surgery.

WOS: 000383902000021 PubMed ID: 27466137 Background: The level and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the concentrations of L-tryptophan and its metabolite L-kynurenine were determined in association with various renal diseases. However, there have been no data regarding these parameters in patients on peritoneal dialysis compared to those undergoing hemodialysis or kidney transplantation.Methods: This study investigated the level and activity of IDO and determined oxidative balance by calculating the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). We enrolled 60 kidney disease patients, including 20 on peritoneal dialysis (PD group), 19 on hemodialysis (HD group), and 21 with kidney transplantation (KT group), as well as 21 control group.Results: IDO levels were increased in the PD, HD, and KT groups compared to the control group. The concentration of kynurenine was significantly increased in the PD group compared to the other groups (p

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and red cell distribution widthplateletratio (RPR), and the variations in the parameters on vitamin B12 treatment.Methods: One hundred fifty-four patients with untreated vitamin B12 deficiency (56% men, mean age: 50 ± 12.7 years)(untreated group), 86 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (62% men, mean age: 42 ± 20.7 years) on vitamin B12 treatment(treated group), and 92 age- and sex-matched control group (54% men, mean age: 45 ± 15.1 years) were includedin the study. Hematological parameters were evaluated by the method of laser-based flow cytometric impedance, usingan automated blood cell counter (ABX Pentra 120 Hematology Blood Analyzer).Results: RPR was significantly reduced in treated group compared with untreated group (4.88 ± 1.06; 6.13 ± 1.27;p0.05).Conclusion: We proposed that vitamin B12 deficiency has effects on RPR and supplementation with vitamin B12 correctsthe RPR levels. J Clin Exp Invest 2016; 7 (3): 211-215

Oxidative stress is accepted as a potential responsible mechanism in the pathogenesis of radiocontrast media (RCM)-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of ebselen against RCM-induced hepatotoxicity by measuring tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and histological changes in rats. Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups consisting of eight rats per group. Normal saline was given to the rats in control group (group 1). RCM was given to the rats in group 2, and both RCM and ebselen were given to the rats in group 3. Only ebselen was given to the rats in group 4. Liver sections of the killed animals were analyzed to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as histopathological changes. In RCM group, SOD and CAT levels were found increased. In RCM-ebselen group, MDA, SOD and CAT levels were found decreased. In RCM-ebselen group, however, GSH-Px activities of liver tissue increased. All these results indicated that ebselen produced a protective mechanism against RCM-induced hepatotoxicity and took part in oxidative stress.

Background and Aims: Many studies have focused on the role of pathogen infection in hypertension (HT). It has been postulated that increased vascular tonus in HT is basically related to the imbalance between vasodilator, such as nitric oxide (NO), and vasoconstrictor, such as endothelin-1 (ET-1), substances secreted by endothelium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) in the etiology of essential HT and the effect of HPV B19 on ET-1 and NO levels in this disorder. Materials and Methods: A total of 135 participants were enrolled in the study (90 patient and 45 controls). Antibodies to HPV B19 and ET-1 were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay method. Nitric oxide levels were calculated according to the Griess reaction. Results: Of the total participants, 27 patients (30%) and 7 control subjects (15.6%) had IgM positive (P = .068), whereas 27 patients (30%) and 14 control subjects (31.1%) had IgG positive (P = .895). There was no statistical difference between patients and control subjects in terms of serum ET-1 and NO levels. Conclusions: The role of HPV B19 in the etiology of essential HT was not shown in the present study. A larger sample may be needed for the investigation of these relations.

Ghrelin and adiponectin have been found in breast milk and are considered to take part in the regulation of growth and energy metabolism of infants. Our aims were to determine ghrelin and adiponectin levels in breast milk and serum samples of mothers and their infants, and to investigate the relationship between their levels and anthropometry of newborn infants during early postnatal life. Total and active ghrelin and adiponectin levels were studied in breast milk, and the serum samples of 25 healthy lactating women and their healthy fullterm infants were taken at the 1st and 4th months of life. Anthropometric measurements of infants were also performed during the study period. Breast milk and infant serum active ghrelin levels were found to be significantly increased at the 4th month of life compared with 1st month levels (p < 0.05). Maternal serum total ghrelin and infant serum adiponectin levels were found to be significantly reduced at the 4th month of life (p < 0.05). Breast milk active ghrelin levels were higher than the infant and maternal serum active ghrelin at the 1st and 4th months (p < 0.05). There was a negative significant correlation between the level of infant serum active ghrelin levels and BMI of infants at the 1st month. A positive significant correlation was found between the level of 1st month infant serum adiponectin levels and weight gain of infants during the study period. Fourth month infant serum adiponectin were also positively correlated with weight and BMI of infants at the 4th month and the weight gain during study period. There was a positive significant correlation between the level of 4th month breast milk active ghrelin and weight gain of infants during the study period. Ghrelin and adiponectin are involved in postnatal growth of infants. Ghrelin in breast milk also seems to be related to the growth of infants during early postnatal life. The sources of these peptides in breast milk are probably both maternal serum and breast tissue itself.

Objectives: Platelet contributed tissue damage and inflammations have been of increased interest. It was previously suggested that platelets have an important role in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to assess the mean platelet volume (MPV) which is described as an indicator of platelet activation and platelet count in patients with AP. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 30 patients with AP and 30 control subjects who were matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI). MPV values and platelet counts were measured on admission. Results: Mean platelet volume was significantly higher among patients with AP when compared with control group (8.82±1.33 vs. 7.94±0.54 fL respectively; p < 0.01). Platelet count was significantly lower among AP patients when compared with control group (223.0±46.2 vs. 295.3±58.9 ×109/L respectively; p < 0.001). The level of CRP was significantly higher in patients with AP compared with control group. Platelet and MPV were correlated with serum CRP levels in correlation analysis (p, Amaç: Trombosit ile ilgili doku hasarı ve inflamasyon son zamanlarda ilgi çeken bir konudur. Daha önce de belirtildiği üzere, akut pankreatitli (AP) hastalarda trombosit önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bizim amacımız, AP hastalarda trombosit aktivasyonu ve trombosit sayısının belirteci olarak bildirilen MPV’yi araştırmaktır. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışma grubu 30 AP hastası ve 30 kontrol hastasından ibaret olup yaş, cinsiyet ve BMI oranları eşleştirilmiştir. MPV değerleri ve trombosit sayıları ölçüldü. Bulgular: Akut pankreatit hastalarında MPV değerleri kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında ileri derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (8.82±1.33 vs. 7.94±0.54 fL sırayla; p < 0.01). Trombosit sayısı AP hastalarda kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak düşük bulunmuştur (223.0±46.2 vs. 295.3±58.9 ×109/L sırayla; p < 0.001). C-reaktif protein seviyesi ise AP hastalarında kontrol grupla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Korelasyon analizinde trombosit ve MPV değerleri serum CRP değerleriyle korele olduğu görüldü (p < 0.01; r = -0.364, r = 0.406 sırayla). AP hastalarında trombosit aktivasyonunu gösteren MPV değerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Trombosit sayısı ise düşük bulunmuştur. İnflamasyon belirteci olarak bilinen CRP seviyesi ise MPV değeri ve trombosit sayıları ile koreledir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, AP hastalarında artmış MPV seviyesi AP’nin teşhisi için bir markır olabilir.

Depression may relate to neurocognitive impairment that results from alteration of N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) levels. Venlafaxine and escitalopram are two drugs commonly used to treat depression. The drugs may affect expression of NMDARs, which mediate learning and memory formation. The aim of the study was to examine whether the effects of venlafaxine and escitalopram treatments are associated with NMDARs in a rat model of depression. Forty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) as follows: control group, chronic mild stress group (CMS), venlafaxine (20 mg/kg body weight per day) + CMS, and escitalopram (10 mg/kg body weight per day) + CMS. After induction of depression, a decrease in the concentration of NR2B was observed; venlafaxine treatment prevented the reduction of NR2B expression. Escitalopram treatment did not effect the reduced levels of NR2B resulting from depression. There was no significant difference in NR2A concentration among groups. The present data support the notion that venlafaxine plays a role in maintaining NR2B receptor in experimental depression. It may be possible that treatment with escitalopram has no effect on NMDARs in experimental depression.

Increase in neuronal Ca(2+), activation of hippocampus N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and defects in enzymes such as brain cortex microsomal membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (MMCA) are thought to play a role in epilepsy. Topiramate (TOP) is a novel drug with broad antiepileptic effect, and its effect on brain cortex MMCA is not known. We investigated effects of TOP on pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced MMCA activity and NMDAR subunits in rat brain.Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. The first group and second groups were used for the control and PTZ groups, respectively. 50 and 100 mg TOP were administered to rats constituting the third (TOP50) and fourth (TOP100) groups for 7 days, respectively. At the end of 7 days, all groups except the first received a single dose PTZ. Brain and hippocampus samples were taken at 3 hrs after PTZ administration.The microsomal MMCA activity was lower in the PTZ group than in control although the MMCA activities were higher in the treatment group than in PTZ group. Brain cortex total calcium levels, the hippocampus NMDAR 2A and 2B subunit concentrations were higher in the PTZ group than in control although their concentrations were decreased by TOP50 and TOP100 administration. Total brain cortex calcium and hippocampus NMDAR 2A and 2B subunit concentrations were higher in TOP100 group than in TOP50 group.The two doses of TOP modulated MMCA activity, total brain cortex calcium and hippocampus NMDAR 2A and 2B subunit concentrations in the epileptic rats.

A growing body of evidence now suggested that cyclosporine A (CycA)-induced nephrotoxicity is a crucial clinical problem and oxidative stress is importantly responsible for its toxicity. Ceftriaxone induced antioxidant effect in brain and neuronal tissues against oxidative damage although its antioxidant potential effect on kidney has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ceftriaxone protects CycA-induced oxidative stress kidney injury in rats. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into four groups. First group was used as control. Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg) and CycA (15 mg/kg) were administrated to second and third groups for 10 days, respectively. The ceftriaxone and CycA combination was given to rats constituting the fourth group for 10 days. Lipid peroxidation (LP), urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were higher in CycA group than in control and ceftriaxone groups although LP, urea nitrogen and LDH levels were lower in ceftriaxone + CycA group than in control and ceftriaxone groups. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were lower in CycA group than in control whereas their activities were increased in control and ceftriaxone groups. Superoxide dismutase activity did not change by the treatments. Ceftriaxone administration recovered also CycA-induced atrophy, vacuolization and exfoliations of tubular epithelium and glomerular collapse in histopathological evaluation of kidney. In conclusion, we observed that ceftriaxone is beneficial on CycA-induced oxidative stress in kidney of rats by modulating oxidative and antioxidant system.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). A total of 146 consecutive patients with rheumatic MS were screened. They were accepted to be in AF group and sinus rhythm group according to their rhythm in the baseline ECG. After screening, 38 patients were excluded due to hyperthyroidism (n = 13), chronic obstructive pulmary disease (n = 22), malignancy (n = 2) and romatoid arthritis (n = 1). Therefore, remaining 108 patients, 74 of whom in sinus rhythm (MS-SR) and 34 of whom in AF (MS-AF) constituted study population. Fourty age- and gender-matched patients constituted control group. Factors associated with development of AF in multivariable analysis included High sensitivity C reactive protein (P = 0.005; odds ratio, 3.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–8.22), N-terminal of brain natriuretic peptide precursor (P

Background: Ghrelin and adiponectin, which are considered to take part in the regulation of energy metabolism, have been found in breast milk and cord blood. The aims of this study were to determine ghrelin and adiponectin levels in colostrum, cord blood and maternal serum and to investigate the correlations between colostrum and cord blood levels of these peptides and the anthropometry of newborn infants and their mothers. Methods: Total ghrelin (TGHR), free ghrelin (FGHR) and adiponectin levels were studied in colostrum and the serum samples of 25 healthy lactating women and the cord blood of their healthy full-term infants. Results: No significant differences could be found among TGHR and adiponectin levels in colostrum, cord blood and maternal serum. The median FGHR level in colostrum was significantly higher than that of maternal serum and cord blood. The colostrum TGHR was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and weight of the infants at birth. TGHR and FGHR levels in colostrum were found to be positively correlated with those of maternal TGHR and FGHR concentrations, respectively. Adiponectin levels in colostrum were not correlated with BMI or birthweight of the infants or BMI of the mothers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the source of ghrelin in breast milk is probably both breast tissue itself and the serum of the mother. Ghrelin in colostrum seems to be related to the anthropometry of infants even at birth, unlike adiponectin.

The etiology of fibromyalgia is not clearly understood. In recent years, a few studies have investigated the possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the etiology and pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation (LP), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with fibromyalgia and controls. The study was performed on the blood plasma of 30 female patients and 30 age-matched controls. After a fast of 12 h, blood samples were taken, and plasma samples were obtained for measurement of vitamins A, C, E, and beta-carotene concentrations and levels of LP and NO. Concentrations of vitamins A (p < 0.01) and E (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients with fibromyalgia than in controls, and LP levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the plasma of the patients than in controls. Concentrations of vitamin C and beta-carotene and levels of NO did not change significantly. These results provide some evidence for a potential role of LP and fat-soluble antioxidants in the patients with fibromyalgia.

Le tezosentan est un nouvel antagoniste du recepteur de l'endotheline. Le but de cette etude etait d'examiner l'effet du tezosentan sur les lesions pulmonaires induites par l'ischemie-reperfusion (IR) de l'aorte abdominale chez le rat. Trente-deux rats Wistar-albinos etaient aleatoirement separes en quatre groupes (huit par groupe) de la maniere suivante: un groupe controle (laparotomie factice), un groupe IR aortique (120 minutes d'ischemie et 120 minutes de reperfusion), un groupe IR aortique + tezosentan (injection d'un bolus intraveineux de 10 mg/kg de tezosentan avant induction de l'ischemie puis infusion intraveineuse continue de 1 mg/kg/hr de tezosentan durant 120 minutes d'ischemie et 120 minutes de reperfusion), et un groupe controle + tezosentan. Des echantillons sanguins et pulmonaires etaient preleves pour analyse biochimique. La teneur en proteine du liquide de lavage broncho-alveolaire ainsi que le ratio de poids de tissu pulmonaire engorge/tissu pulmonaire sec etaient mesures. Un examen histologique etait egalement realise. L'IR aortique augmentait significativement la concentration plasmatique de tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( p p

El tezosentan es un nuevo antagonista dual del receptor de la endotelina. El objetivo de este estudio consistio en examinar el efecto del tezosentan en la lesion pulmonar inducida por la isquemia-reperfusion de la aorta abdominal (IR) en ratas. Treinta y dos ratas Wistar albinas se distribuyeron de forma aleatoria en 4 grupos (8 por grupo) de la siguiente forma: grupo control (laparotomia simulada), grupo IR aortica (isquemia durante 120 min y reperfusion durante 120 min), grupo IR aortica + tezosentan (inyeccion intravenosa en bolo de 10 mg/kg de tezosentan antes de la isquemia, mas infusion intravenosa continua de 1 mg/kg/h de tezosentan durante 120 min de isquemia y 120 min de reperfusion), y control + tezosentan. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre y tejido pulmonar para su analisis bioquimico. Se determinaron las concentraciones de proteinas en el liquido del lavado broncoalveolar y las ratios del peso humedo/seco del pulmon. Tambien se realizo el estudio histologico. La IR aortica aumento de forma significativa (p

It has been suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in radio contrast media (RCM)-induced ischemia reperfusion tissue injury although antioxidants may have protective effects on the injury. We investigated the effects of erdosteine as an antioxidant agent on RCM-induced liver toxicity in rats by evaluation of lipid peroxidation (as TBARS), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) values and histological evaluation. Twenty-one rats were equally divided into three groups as follows: control, RCM, and RCM plus erdosteine. RCM was intraperitoneally administered for 1 day. Erdosteine was administered orally for 2 days after RCM administration. Liver samples were taken from the rats and they homogenized in a motor-driven tissue homogenizer. TBARS levels were significantly (p < 0.005) higher in RCM group than in control although SOD activities significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in RCM group. TBARS levels were lower in RCM plus erdosteine group than in control although SOD activity and GSH level increased (p < 0.05) in liver as compared to RCM alone. Erdosteine showed also histopathological protection (p < 0.0001) against RCM induced hepatotoxicity. GSH-Px and CAT activities were not statistically changed by the erdosteine. According to our results, it can be concluded that radiocontrast media can induce oxidative stress in liver as suggested by previous studies. Erdosteine seems to be protective agent on the radiocontrast media-induced liver toxicity by inhibiting the production of ROS via the enzymatic antioxidant system.

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el efecto del iloprost en las lesiones renales inducidas por isquemia-reperfusion (IR) de la aorta abdominal y su mediacion a traves de la modulacion en la expresion de moleculas de adhesion. Veinticuatro ratas Wistar albinas se distribuyeron de forma aleatoria en 3 grupos (n = 8) de la forma siguiente: control (laparotomia simulada), IR aortica (120 min de isquemia y 120 min de reperfusion), e IR aortica + iloprost (0,45 μg/kg/h en infusion intravenosa durante 120 min de reperfusion). Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre y de tejido renal para su analisis bioquimico. Asi mismo se realizo la evaluacion histologica mediante tincion con hematoxilina-eosina e inmunohistoquimica. Los analisis bioquimicos demostraron que la IR aortica aumento de forma significativa (p

Le but de cette etude etait d'examiner l'effet de l'Iloprost sur les dommages renaux induits par l'ischemie-reperfusion aortique abdominale (IR) et son role dans la modulation de l'expression des molecules d'adherence. Vingt-quatre rats Wistar-Albinos ont ete randomises dans trois groupes ( n = 8) comme suit : Controle (laparotomie simple), IR aortique (ischemie 120 min et reperfusion 120 min), et IR aortique + Iloprost (0,45 μg/kg/h en infusion intraveineuse pendant 120 min de reperfusion). Des echantillons de sang et de tissu renal ont ete preleves pour analyse biochimique. Une analyse histologique avec une coloration hematoxyline-eosine et immunomarquage a ete egalement realisee. Les analyses biochimiques ont prouve que les taux plasmatiques de malondialdehyde, de P-selectine, de molecule d'adherence intercellulaire-1 (ICAM-I), et les taux tissulaires de malondialdehyde et de catalase ont ete augmentes de maniere significative par l'IR aortique ( p p p p

There is a reciprocal regulation of arginase and nitric oxide synthase in L-arginine-metabolizing pathways. There are various evidences of the role of nitric oxide in several neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease. However, there is no study that has investigated the role of arginase as an important part of the arginine regulatory system affecting nitric oxide synthase activity in Alzheimer's disease. This study aims to investigate arginase, manganese (a cofactor of arginase), and total nitrite levels (a metabolite of NO) and their relationship to the arginine-NO pathway in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arginase activities, Mn, and total nitrite levels were measured in plasma from 47 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 43 healthy control subjects. Plasma arginase activities and manganese were found to be significantly lower and total nitrite level higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with controls. Our results suggest that the arginine-NO pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Kuş, İlter (Balikesir Author), Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to examine the negative effects of toluene on kidney tissues and functions and to investigate the protective effects of CAPE against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of equal number in each. The rats in group I were the controls. Toluene was intraperitoneally injected into the rats in group II with a dose of 500 mg/kg. Rats in group III received CAPE daily while exposed to toluene. After 14 days of experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. Enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were studied in the rat kidneys. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels were measured for renal function. The CAT and SOD enzyme activities and serum creatinine levels were significantly increased in rats treated with toluene when compared with the controls. But GSH-Px activity, MDA, and BUN levels showed statistically nonsignificant changes. However, increased CAT and SOD enzyme activities and decreased serum creatinine levels were detected in the rats that received CAPE while exposed to toluene. The GSH-Px activity and MDA and BUN levels in the same group did not show statistically significant changes. The results of our study demonstrated that toluene damages kidney tissue and is a nephrotoxic substance. CAPE was able to prevent the renal damage as antioxidant, antitoxic, and nephroprotective agent.

Background. To determine the levels of oxidative stress markers in pregnant women who snore and compare with non-snoring pregnant women. Fetal outcome of these 2 groups was also evaluated. Materials and methods. Prospective, case control study. Some 40 pregnant women who snored and 43 non-snoring pregnant women were evaluated. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels of the 2 groups were studied. Infant birthweight, Apgar scores, and other indicators of fetal outcome were obtained. Results. The mean level of GSH-Px was significantly lower in the pregnant women who snored (p = 0.005), while the mean level of MDA was significantly higher in this group (p = 0.005). Levels of MPO were comparable between the groups (p > 0.05). The pregnant women who snored did not have infants with evidence of an increase in compromised outcome. Conclusion. Although the pregnant women who snored had high levels of MDA, they did not appear to be at increased risk for delivering infants with fetal compromise.

Amaç: Psöriasis, artmış kardiyovasküler hastalık (KVH) riski bulunan inflamatuar deri hastalığıdır. Henüz etyolojisi tam olarak belirlenememiştir. KVH'da yağ dokusundan salgılanan resistinin serum total kolesterol, LDL, trigliserid seviyeleriyle pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği belirtilmiştir. Bizim çalışmamızda da amacımız serum resistin seviyeleriyle lipid profilinin psoriasis hastalarında ilişkisini ve Psöriazis alan şiddet endeksi (PAŞİ) ile korelasyonunu araştırmaktır. Materyal ve Metod: Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dermatoloji polikliniğine başvuran sağlıklı kişilerden kontrol grubu; grup I (n=34) ve psoriasis tanısı konulan hastalardan hasta grubu; grup II (n=37) olmak üzere iki grup oluşturuldu. Yaş, cinsiyet, tansiyon, BMI değerleri ve PAŞİ skorlaması tespit edildi. Gruplardan toplanan serum örneklerinde resistin seviyesi, lipid profiline bakıldı. Bulgular: Psoriasis hastalarını kontrol grubuyla kıyaslandığında serum resistin seviyeleri (grup I: 6,4±2,3 ng/ml; grup II: 12,3±3,0 ng/ml), total kolesterol (grup I: 167±31 mg/dl; grup II: 189±43 mg/dl), LDL seviyeleri (grup I: 90±21 mg/dl; grup II: 129±31 mg/dl) anlamlı olarak hastalarda yüksek tespit edildi (sırasıyla p=0.001; p, Purpose: Psoriasis is inflammatory skin disease which has increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The etiology is unknown, yet. In cardiovascular disease, resistin which is secreted from adipose tissue, was found correlated with the levels of total cholesterol and LDL. In our study, we aimed to study the relation of serum resistin and lipid levels in patients with psoriasis and correlation of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Material and Methods: In Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, thirty-seven healthy subjects (group I) and thirty-four patients with psoriasis (group II) were enrolled for two groups. The age, gender, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and PASI were determined. The level of resistin and lipid profile were studied in serum. Results: The level of resistin in patients with psoriasis (12,3±3,0 ng/ml) was found increased compared with healthy subjects (6,4±2,3 ng/ml) (p=0.001). The level of total cholesterol and LDL were increased in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy subjects, respectively (189±43 mg/dl;129±31 mg/dl) (p

WOS: 000358679400018 PubMed ID: 26622344 The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of silibinin against methotrexate (MTX)-induced pulmonary toxicity. Rats were divided into four groups (MTX, MTX + silibinin, silibinin and control. MTX was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) into female Wistar rats (10 mg/kg/day for 3 days), which resulted in significant increases in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and oxidant enzymes, including nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, significant reductions were detected in the serum activity levels of the antioxidative enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, when compared with the control group. However, administration of silibinin (100 mg/kg/day for 10 days, i.p.) was shown to ameliorate the MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity, as indicated by the normalization of the oxidative stress parameters. Furthermore, silibinin treatment was demonstrated to reduce the histopathological changes associated with MTX. In conclusion, silibinin exhibited protective effects against MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity, which may be attributed to its antioxidant activity.

WOS: 000358334700011 PubMed ID: 26023342 Background: Diazinon (0,0-Diethyl 0-(1-6-methyl-2- isoprophyl 4 pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate) (DI) is a very effective organophosphate pesticide, used widely in agriculture. Consequently, data on poisoning cases secondary to DI exposure are important. The DI may affect a variety of tissues, including liver. Silibinin is a pharmacologically active constitute of Silybum marianum, with documented antioxidant activity. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate both histopathologically and biochemically whether silibinin is protective in DI induced liver damage. Materials and Methods: Thirty two Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, as follows: 1) control group - oral corn oil was given; 2) DI group - rats were administered orally 335 mg/kg in the corn oil solution; 3) Silibinin group - 100 mg/kg/day silibinin was given alone orally, every 24 hours for 7 days; 4) Silibinin + DI group - DI plus silibinin was given. All rats were sacrificed at the end of experiment. Superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were investigated in serum and liver tissue. In addition, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities were evaluated. The liver tissue was evaluated histopathologically with Hematoxilin & Eosin dye. Results: Biochemically, ALT, AST, NO, MPO in serum and NO, MPO in liver tissue were found to be significantly higher in DI group, compared to control group (P < 0.001). In Group Silibinin + DI, serum AST, ALT, NO, MPO levels were significantly lower (P < 0.01), and both serum and tissue SOD activities were significantly higher, compared to DI group (P < 0.001). Diazinon induced histopathological changes in liver tissue were: severe sinusoidal dilatation, moderate disruption of the radial alignment of hepatocytes around the central vein, severe vacuolization in the hepatocyte cytoplasm, inflammation around central vein and portal region. In rats receiving both DI and silibinin, the DI induced changes accounted for less sinusoidal dilatation, vacuolization in the hepatocyte cytoplasm and the inflammation around central vein and portal region (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The DI was found to induce liver damage by oxidative stress mechanisms. Silibinin reduced the oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant mechanisms, thereby showing protective effect against DI induced liver damage. Further studies with silibinin should be performed regarding DI toxicity. Mugla Sitki Kocman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Mugla, TurkeyMugla Sitki Kocman University The research received funding from the Mugla Sitki Kocman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Mugla, Turkey.

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is produced photochemically in epidermis. It is known that vitamin D involved in the regulation of bone mineralization and calcium-phosphorus balance. However, in recent studies have suggested that vitamin D may have a significant impact in the development of the cell proliferation, differentiation, neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, neurotropic and neuroprotective effects in central nervous system (CNS). For the reason of the effects, it can be considered as a neurosteroid was reported. It was discussed that the level of vitamin D may be associated to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The role of vitamin D and the mechanisms of these diseases will be discussed in the review. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (3): 411-415, D vitamini, epidermisde fotokimyasal olarak üretilen bir steroid hormondur. D vitaminin kemik mineralizasyonu ve kalsiyum-fosfor dengesinin düzenlenmesinde rolü olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak son yapılan çalışmalarda, D vitamininin beyinde önemli etkilere sahip olabileceği ve santral sinir sisteminde (SSS) hücre proliferasyonunda, diferansiyasyonda, nörotransmisyonda, nöroplastisitede farklı değişken rollere sahip olduğu ve nörotrofik, nöroprotektif etki gösterdiği belirtilmiştir. Bu etkilerinden dolayı nörosteroid olarak kabul edilebileceği rapor edilmiştir. D vitamini seviyesinin nörodejeneratif hastalıklar olan Parkinson hastalığı, Alzheimer hastalığı, Multipl skleroz (MS), amiyotrofik lateral skleroz (ALS) ile ilişkili olabileceği tartışılmaktadır. Bu derlemede bu hastalıklarda D vitamininin oynadığı rol ve mekanizmaları tartışılacaktır

Aytekin, İsmail (Balikesir Author), Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant health problem and its treatmet has taken herbal and syntetic remedies as well as insulin therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of caffeic acid phenil ester (CAPE) in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes using hystopathological and biochemical methods. Methods: 22 adult Wistar Albino strain male rats were divided into three groups: control group (n=8), diabetic group (n=6) and the diabetic+CAPE group (n=8). Two groups were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 50 mg/kg STZ to induce DM. Rats with blood glucose levels of 270 mg/dL or greater and with siagns of polyuria and polydipsia after 3 days were considered to be diabetic. Diabetic+CAPE group was given ip CAPE (10 mu mol/kg/during 60 days) for treatment. Results: Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly higher in the diabetic group. The higher liver MDA was supported by higher enzyme levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). MDA levels in kidney were not significantly different between groups and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were increased in CAPE group. Additionally, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine enzyme levels were mostly stable in serum samples. At the end of the experiment, pancreatic tissue MDA in the experimental groups decreased compared with the control group. The kidney, liver and pancreas had almost normal histological structure in the CAPE group when compared to the diabetic group. Considering blood glucose levels, CAPE treatment maintained blood glucose at the same level with controls, compared to diabetic group. Conclusion: Liver tissue might be the most affected by oxidative stress caused DM. A single injection of STZ decreased the level of MDA in pancreatic tissue at the end of experiment. This decrease might be exhausting MDA due to disruption in tissue integrity. Consequently, it was observed that CAPE suppressed oxidative stress and decreased glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus, it may be useful to use as remedies, the antioxidant properties, in addition to anti-diabetic drugs in DM., Amaç: Diabetes mellitus (DM) önemli bir halk sağlığı problemidir ve tedavisinde insulin terapisinin yanısıra bitkisel ve sentetik ilaçlar verilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, streptozotocin (STZ) ile indüklenen diyabetli sıçanlarda histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal metotlar kullanılarak CAPE'nin tedavi edici etkilerini değerlendirmektir.Metod: 22 yetişkin erkek Wistar Albino ırkı sıçan 3 gruba ayrıldı: kontrol grubu (n=8), diyabetik grup (n=6) ve diyabetik+CAPE grubu (n=8). 2 gruba periton içi (ip) 50 mg/kg STZ enjekte edilerek DM uyarıldı. Üç gün sonra poliüri ve polidipsi belirtileri ile kan glikoz seviyeleri 270 mg/dl ya da daha yüksek olan sıçanlar diyabetik olarak kabul edildi. Diyabetik+CAPE grubuna tedavi için CAPE 60 gün boyunca 10 µmol/kg dozunda ip olarak uygulandı.Bulgular: Karaciğer malondialdehit (MDA) seviyeleri diyabetik grupta önemli derecede yüksekti. Yüksek karaciğer MDA seviyesi, yüksek alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) ve aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) enzim seviyeleri tarafından desteklendi. Böbrek dokusundaki MDA seviyesinin diğer gruplar ile arasında önemli bir farklılık yoktu ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) seviyeleri CAPE grubunda artmıştı. İlave olarak kan üre nitrojen (BUN) ve kreatinin düzeyleri serum örneklerinde sabit kaldı. Deneyin sonunda pankreas dokusunda MDA seviyeleri kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında deneme gruplarında düşüktü. Böbrek, karaciğer ve pankreas dokularının histopatolojik sonuçları, diyabetik grupla karşılaştırıldığında CAPE grubunda normal histolojik yapıdaydı. Kan glikoz seviyeleri göz önüne alındığında, CAPE ile tedavi edilen grupta, diyabet grubundaki yüksek glikoz seviyeleri ile karşılaştırıldığında kontrol grubuna benzer seviyelerde kan glikozu muhafaza edilmişti. Sonuç: DM'un sebep olduğu oksidatif stres tarafından en çok etkilenen karaciğer dokusudur. Tek seferde STZ enjeksiyonu ile deneme sonunda pankreatik dokuda MDA seviyeleri azaldı. Bu azalma, doku bütünlüğünün bozulmasından kaynaklanan MDA'nın tükenmesi olabilirdi. Sonuç olarak, CAPE'nin oksidatif stresi baskıladığı ve STZ ile uyarılan DM'da kan glikoz düzeylerini düşürdüğü gözlemlendi. Sonuç olarak, DM'da antidiyabetik ilaçlara ilave olarak antioksidan özellikli ilaçları kullanmak faydalı olabilir., Mustafa Kemal University PN: 1005M0109

WOS: 000347250800027 The determination of phthalates in beverages (soda, lemonade, cola, mineral water) sold in Turkish markets was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean phthalate concentrations were determined to be between 0.095 and 0.633 mg/L in soda, 0.018 and 1.219 mg/L in lemonade, 0.019 and 1.123 mg/L in cola, and 0.085 and 0.312 mg/L in mineral water. bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) showed the highest level of migration into beverages. Furthermore, the influence of the type of preservative (sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate + potassium sorbate) and storage time were determined. Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [111S307] This research (111S307) was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. The authors would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey for financial support.

23rd World Congress of Neurology (WCN) - SEP 16-21, 2017 - Kyoto, JAPAN WOS: 000427450302038 Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability which progress through the loss of dopaminergic neurons (1). Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons at the substantia nigra pars compacta is responsible for the pathophysiology (2). Postmortem studies have shown the essential role of oxidative stress in neuronal degeneration of the dopaminergic nigral neurons (3). Recent reports describe nesfatin-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as molecules with neuroprotective property that relieve oxidative stress. Here we aimed to determine the blood levels of nesfatin-1 and GLP-1 in PD and their effect on oxidative processes. World Federat Neurol

The aim of the study was to investigate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D3) levels in patients with vitiligo vulgaris in terms of causal relation and extension of the disorder.This study is a clinical cross-sectional study carried out in order to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among 25 patients with vitiligo vulgaris and in 41 controls. Fitzpatrick skin phototypes, history of autoimmune disease, family history of vitiligo, and duration of the disease were also evaluated.The mean levels of vitamin D in patient and the control group were 15.2±5.2 ng/dL and 14.4±6.2 ng/dL respectively (P>0.05). In our study, 48% of the patients had insufficient (Vitamin D levels were found to be insufficient (