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Tämän selvityksen tavoitteena oli analysoida Suomen mahdollisuuksia ja tunnistaa toimenpiteitä uusien ruoantuotantoteknologioiden kehittämiseksi Suomessa. Selvitys on tehty Ruokaa ilman Peltoja tutkimushankkeessa, joka saa rahoitusta maa- ja metsätalousministeriön Hiilestä kiinni -tutkimus- ja innovaatio-ohjelmasta, ja joka tutkii uusien solumaatalous- ja kasvintuotantoteknologioiden mahdollisuuksia osana Suomelle asetettujen hiilineutraalisuustavoitteiden saavuttamista. Raporttia varten kerättiin tietoa verkkokyselyllä sekä asiantuntija- ja sidosryhmätyöpajan kautta. Kyselyn ja työpajan tulokset koottiin yhteen ja niitä täydennettiin asiantuntijatiedolla. Tietojen perusteella määriteltiin toimenpidekokonaisuudet uusien tuotantotapojen käyttöönoton edistämiseksi.

The aim of this report was to identify and analyse Finland’s opportunities for new food production technologies and measures that are needed to promote these technologies. The study has been carried out as part of the Food without Fields research project, within the Catch the Carbon research and innovation programme of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, and examines the possibilities of new disruptive cellular agriculture and plant production technologies as part of the achievement of the carbon neutrality targets set for Finland. Information for the report was collected through an online survey and through an expert and stakeholder workshop. The results of the survey and the workshop were compiled and complemented with expert knowledge. On the basis of this information, measures to promote the introduction of new production methods were defined.

Simple Summary Welfare requirements from an animal point of view are the same regardless of the country. However, differing requirements of animal welfare schemes make it hard for consumers to make informed choices. Therefore, an open and coherent labeling scheme that provides information on farm animal welfare will be beneficial from the consumer perspective. We reviewed 12 pig welfare schemes. We aimed to identify consistencies and differences in welfare requirements between these schemes. The studied welfare requirements were heterogeneous in the potential each scheme had to advance pig welfare. Certain requirements barely exceeded the minimum standards for the protection of pigs in European Union (EU) legislation, but the more demanding tiers of multitier schemes had the potential to enhance animal welfare. The most ambitious tiers could improve animal welfare substantially and, in terms of resources available to the animal, they often were convergent with organic animal farming standards. Because of variation of welfare requirements between the labels, it was challenging to compare existing labeling schemes. Adopting a harmonized labeling terminology and standard, increased use of animal-based measures, and open communication will make labeling more reliable and transparent, which will contribute to the availability of standardized animal-friendly products and will be equitable from an animal welfare perspective. Animal welfare labeling schemes have been developed to respond to consumers' expectations regarding farm animal welfare. They are designed to certify that labeled products comply with certain animal welfare standards. In this study, 12 pig welfare labeling schemes were reviewed, and their criteria related to pig welfare were compared. Information regarding farrowing criteria, space allowance, outdoor access, mutilations, and provision of enrichments and bedding material were gathered from the labels' internet pages and documentation. The results indicated a substantial variation between the labels in terms of the level of animal welfare they ensure. While certain schemes barely exceeded the minimum standards for the protection of pigs in the European Union, more demanding tiers of the multitier schemes had the potential to improve animal welfare substantially. The most ambitious tiers of multistage schemes were often comparable to organic standards providing outdoor facilities and additional space. The heterogeneity of the labels' standards complicates the comparison of labels.

Additional file 1. PROHEALTH WP1 specific questionnaire for BROILERS. The questionnaire contains a total of 67 questions, including both multiple choice and open-ended questions. The questions were classified into six categories, i.e. general information, housing, feed and water supply, treatments and diseases, broiler details and management.

The Teagasc Pig Production Model (TPPM), a stochastic simulation model of a farrow-to-finish pig farm, was developed to investigate effects of changes in production systems on farm profitability. The model simulates, on a weekly basis, the annual production of a farm. Biological [e.g., herd size, number of litters/sow/year, and mortality rates (%)], physical (e.g., infrastructure), and technical (e.g., feeding practices) variables and their associated costs are included as components of the model. These inputs are used to calculate physical (e.g., feed usage and number of pigs slaughtered) and financial (e.g., annual cash flow, profit and loss account, and balance sheet) outputs. The model was validated using the Delphi method and by comparing the TPPM outputs to data recorded on 20 Irish pig farms through the Teagasc e-Profit monitor system and with complete receipts for the year 2016. Results showed that the TPPM closely simulates physical and financial performance of pig farms indicating that the TPPM can be used with confidence to study pig production systems under Irish conditions. Model applicability was demonstrated by investigating the impact of 2 changes in technical performance: 1) building of extra accommodation to increase body weight (BW) at sale by 15 kg (EXTRA ROOM) and 2) a change in feeding practices by providing finisher feed from 28 kg of BW (EARLY FINISHER) compared with over 38 kg of BW. In both scenarios, the same biological parameters were used. Mortality rates, feed ingredients costs, and price per kg of meat produced were included as stochastic variables with the input distributions derived based on historical data simulated using Monte Carlo sampling using the Microsoft Excel add-in @Risk. Annual mean net profit was €198,101 (90% confidence interval [CI]: €119,606-€275,539) for the TPPM base farm, €337,078 (90% CI: €246,320-€426,809) for the EXTRA ROOM, and €225,598 (90% CI: €146,685-€303,590) for the EARLY FINISHER. EXTRA ROOM was associated with higher costs and required higher income to cover the additional costs. The 90% CI of the EARLY FINISHER was similar to the TPPM base farm while the EXTRA ROOM scenario resulted in a wider confidence interval, suggesting that a change in feeding practices could be a better option for farmers looking to improve profit with minimum investment. Thus, the TPPM could be used to facilitate decision making in farrow-to-finish pig farms.

The major challenge of the 21st century is to achieve food security under, roughly, a doubling in food demand by 2050 compared to present, and producing the additional food under marked shifts in climatic risks and with environmentally sound farming practices. Sustainable intensification of agricultural production is required that meets the dual goal of improved environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. Ex ante evaluation of technological innovations to support agricultural production and food security taking into account the various future risks can substantially contribute to achieve this. Here we perceive technological innovations as new or improved agro-technologies and -management practices, such as new breeds, integrated soil fertility practices or labour-saving technologies meeting the goals of sustainable intensification. In this report we present results from three systematic reviews: one on the use of biophysical modelling, the second and third on the use of bio-economic modelling at farm scale and agro-economic modelling at higher aggregation levels, for ex ante evaluation of the effects of (agro-) Technological Innovations (ag-TIs) on sustainable agriculture and food security indicators. To this end, we searched the SCOPUS database for journal articles published between 1996 and 2015. We considered modelling studies at different spatial scales with particular attention to local to national scale studies for the twelve PARI focal countries in Africa1. But we also included studies for all other African countries as well as a few studies at supra-national/continental scale. Both, "quick wins" as well as long term benefits from ag-TIs were of interest. The various ag-TIs were furthermore grouped into four classes: (1) water/soil moisture (2) soil nutrients/conservation (3) crop/cropping system, (4) other ag-TIs or (5) combinations of 1 to 4. For each paper, we tried to identify the primary ag-TI analysed, and if there was equal emphasis to more than one, we classified them as combinations. It should be borne in mind that there is some subjectivity in classifying the papers in this way ...

The structure of Finnish agricultural production has changed rapidly resulting in an increase in the average farm size and a reduction in the number of farms. Three animal diseases were used to illustrate the impacts of changing production structures and their consequences on the spread and control of disease: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), African Swine Fever (ASF) and Bluetongue (BT). The aim of this study was to assess how changes in the structure of animal production impact on animal disease risks and the economic consequences of diseases. The spread of diseases was simulated according to three predicted future production structure scenarios for 2033 and compared with reference simulations applying the production structure of the year 2009. FMD had the highest spread potential as the probability of spread and magnitude of an epidemic outbreak were the largest. ASF and BT had clearly lower spread potential and also structural change will affect them less. Spread potential is strongly dependent on how logistics will develop in relation with farm size increase. Economic losses due to FMD were similar in 2009 and 2033 simulations. Losses caused by ASF were smaller than those by FMD. In both cases distortions in the food exports were the main source of losses. Losses associated with BT were estimated to be smaller in the future. Kotieläintilojen keskikoko on kasvanut ja tilojen määrä on vähentynyt. Kehityksen voidaan arvioida jatkuvan myös tulevaisuudessa. Kolmea eläintautia, suu- ja sorkkatauti, afrikkalainen sikarutto ja sinikielitauti, käytettiin esimerkkinä siitä, kuinka muutokset kotieläintuotannon rakenteessa vaikuttavat taudin leviämiseen ja hallintaan. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli arvioida kuinka kotieläintalouden rakennemuutos vaikuttaa eläintautiriskiin ja tautien taloudellisiin vaikutuksiin. Tautien leviämistä simuloitiin kolmen vuoteen 2033 ajoittuvan tulevaisuuskenaarion mukaan ja verrattiin simulointeihin, jotka pohjautuivat kotieläintalouden rakenteeseen vuonna 2009. Suu- ja sorkkataudilla oli suurin leviämispotentiaali, koska leviämisen todennäköisyys ja epidemian koko olivat suurimmat. Afrikkalaisella sikarutolla ja sinikielitaudilla oli selvästi matalampi potentiaali ja rakennemuutos vaikuttaa niihin vähemmän. Leviämispotentiaali on voimakkaasti riippuvainen logistiikan kehityksestä tilakoon kasvuun nähden. Suu- ja sorkkataudin aiheuttamat taloudelliset menetykset olivat samaa suuruusluokkaa nyt ja tulevaisuudessa. Afrikkalaisen sikaruton aiheuttamat tappiot jäivät maltillisemmiksi. Molemmilla taudeilla elintarvikeviennin häiriintyminen aiheutti eniten tappioita. Sinikielitaudin menetysten arvioitiin olevan nykyistä vähäisemmät tulevaisuudessa. En snabb strukturförändring inom lantbruket i Finland har resulterat i större men färre gårdar. Denna utveckling förväntas fortsätta även i framtiden. Tre sjukdomar; mul- och klövsjuka, afrikansk svinpest och blåtunga, har använts som exempel för att undersöka hur strukturförändringen påverkar smittspridningen och sjukdomskontrollen i framtiden. Syftet med arbetet var att utvärdera hur strukturomvandlingen i lantbruket påverkar djursjukdomsrisken och de ekonomiska konsekvenserna av sjukdomarna. Sjukdomsspridningen simulerades enligt tre tänkta framtida produktionsstrukturer för år 2033 och jämfördes sedan med simuleringar baserade på produktionen år 2009. Mul- och klövsjuka hade den största spridningspotentialen eftersom sannolikheten för spridning och storleken av ett epidemiskt utbrott var störst. Afrikansk svinpest och blåtunga hade klart lägre spridningspotential och även strukturförändringarna kommer att påverka dem mindre. Spridningspotentialen är starkt beroende av hur logistiken utvecklas i relation till gårdsstorleken. Ekonomiska förluster på grund av mul- och klövsjuka var lika stora i simuleringarna både för år 2009 och 2033. Förluster på grund av afrikansk svinpest var mindre än de orsakade av mul- och klövsjuka. I båda fallen var förlusterna orsakade av störd livsmedelsexport den huvudsakliga orsaken till ekonomiska förluster. Förluster orsakade av blåtunga verkade vara mindre i framtiden.