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Objective: The goal of the present work was the identification and quantification of the phenolic profile of sweet basil using LC-ESI-MS and to evaluation the ability of this plant to synthesise manganese nanoparticles MnONPs and evaluation of their catalytic and thrombolytic activities. Material and methods: Standard procedures were used to extract bioactive molecules and test qualitative phytochemical substances. Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using LC-ESI-MS. Furthermore, visual observation, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM), and XRD technique were used to verify the green synthesis of ObE-MnO NPs. Dye degradation of ObE-MnO NPs was studied using photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activities. Moreover, in vitro thrombolytic activity was evaluated by clot lysis. Results: Results of phytochemical essays showed that the aqueous extract of Ocimum basilicum L. is very rich in different chemical compounds that reduce and stabilize NPs. The results of the characterization of MnONPs show that the formation of these particles was proven by UV–Vis spectrum with the absorption peak at 405 nm, and also by FTIR spectrum at 470-522 cm−1. The study also confirmed that the MnONPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 6.52 ± 0.88 nm using TEM and SEM analysis, and that their size was 13.4 nm, tetragonal, and crystalline by XRD data. Results of catalytique activity show at a time of 240 min, an efficacy level of 70.18% and 58.90% for the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activities. Ocimum basilicum L. extract and ObE-MnO NPs demonstrated a significant higher percentage of clot lysis by 93.33% and 94.73% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, the synthesized NPs made with basil extract were satisfactorily characterized utilizing a range of analytical techniques. ObE-MnO NPs also exhibit efficient catalytic and thrombolytic activities, qualifying their high degree of safety for usage in the environmental, pharmacological and medicinal domains.

Hybridization of Brassica napus with various Brassicaceae species can result in obtaining new forms with increased resistance to blackleg, a dangerous disease caused mainly by Leptosphaeria maculans. In this study, we aimed to correlate the field resistance of selected Brassica hybrids to blackleg with chromosomal structure revealed by Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Tested genotypes varied in the number of chromosomes and rDNA signals. The greatest variation was observed for A1-type chromosomes. Field evaluation also revealed significant differences in L. maculans resistance. Performed analyses allowed to distinguish three B. napus × Brassica fruticulosa genotypes in which variable patterns of chromosomal structure might be connected to field resistance. However, a more thorough study, including the detection of all A-genome chromosomes, is required.

Leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici is one of the most dangerous diseases of common wheat. Infections caused by fungal pathogens reduce the quantity and quality of yields of many cereal species. The most effective method to limit plant infection is to use cultivars that show rust resistance. Genetically conditioned horizontal-type resistance (racial-nonspecific) is a desirable trait because it is characterized by more stable expression compared to major (R) genes that induce racially specific resistance, often overcome by pathogens. Horizontal resistance is conditioned by the presence of slow rust genes, which include genes Lr34 and Lr46. This study aimed to identify markers linked to both genes in 64 common wheat lines and to develop multiplex PCR reaction conditions that were applied to identify both genes simultaneously. The degree of infestation of the analyzed lines was also assessed in field conditions during the growing season of 2017 and 2018. Simple sequence repeat anchored-polymerase chain reaction (SSR-PCR) marker csLV was identified during analysis in line PHR 4947. The presence of a specific sequence has also been confirmed in multiplex PCR analyses. In addition to gene Lr34, gene Lr46 was identified in this genotype. Lines PHR 4947 and PHR 4819 were characterized by the highest leaf rust resistance in field conditions. During STS-PCR analyses, the marker wmc44 of gene Lr46 was identified in most of the analyzed lines. This marker was not present in the following genotypes: PHR 4670, PHR 4800, PHR 4859, PHR 4907, PHR 4922, PHR 4949, PHR 4957, PHR 4995, and PHR 4997. The presence of a specific sequence has also been confirmed in multiplex PCR analyses. Genotypes carrying the markers of the analyzed gene showed good resistance to leaf rust in field conditions in both 2017 and 2018. Research has demonstrated that marker assisted selection (MAS) and multiplex PCR techniques are excellent tools for selecting genotypes resistant to leaf rust.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) can be attacked by a wide range of pests, for example, cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). One of the best methods of pest management is breeding for insect resistance in rapeseed. Wild genotypes of Brassicaceae and rapeseed cultivars can be used as a source of resistance. In 2017, 2018, and 2019, field trials were performed to assess the level of resistance to D. radicum and B. brassicae within 53 registered rapeseed cultivars and 31 interspecific hybrid combinations originating from the resources of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Poznań University of Life Sciences (PULS). The level of resistance varied among genotypes and years. Only one hybrid combination and two B. napus cultivars maintained high level of resistance in all tested years, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096, Galileus, and Markolo. The results of this research indicate that resistance to insects is present in Brassicaceae family and can be transferred to rapeseed cultivars. The importance of continuous improvement of rapeseed pest resistance and the search for new sources of resistance is discussed; furthermore, plans for future investigations are presented.

Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are preferentially expressed by innate lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we study the effect of epinephrine-mediated stimulation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) on the function of human NK cells. Epinephrine stimulation inhibited early NK cell signaling events and blocked the function of the integrin LFA-1. This reduced the adhesion of NK cells to ICAM-1, explaining how NK cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood upon epinephrine release during acute stress or exercise. Additionally, epinephrine stimulation transiently reduced NK cell degranulation, serial killing, and cytokine production and affected metabolic changes upon NK cell activation via the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Repeated exposure to β2AR agonists resulted in the desensitization of the β2AR via a PKA feedback loop-initiated G-protein switch. Therefore, acute epinephrine stimulation of chronically β2AR stimulated NK cells no longer resulted in inhibited signaling and reduced LFA-1 activity. Sustained stimulation by long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) not only inhibited NK cell functions but also resulted in desensitization of the β2AR. However, peripheral NK cells from LABA-treated asthma patients still reacted unchanged to epinephrine stimulation, demonstrating that local LABA administration does not result in detectable systemic effects on NK cells., (© 2024 The Author(s). European Journal of Immunology published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Tumor cells rely heavily on glycolysis to meet their high metabolic demands. While this results in nutrient deprivation within the tumor microenvironment and has negative effects on infiltrating immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, it also creates a potential target for cancer therapies. Here we use Glupin, an inhibitor of glucose transporters, to study the effect of limited glucose uptake on NK cells and their anti-tumor functions. Glupin treatment effectively inhibited glucose uptake and restricted glycolysis in NK cells. However, acute treatment had no negative effect on NK cell cytotoxicity or cytokine production. Long-term restriction of glucose uptake via Glupin treatment only delayed NK cell proliferation, as they could switch to glutaminolysis as an alternative energy source. While IFN-γ production was partially impaired, long-term Glupin treatment had no negative effect on degranulation. Interestingly, the serial killing activity of NK cells was even slightly enhanced, possibly due to changes in NAD metabolism. This demonstrates that NK cell cytotoxicity is remarkably robust and insensitive to metabolic disturbances, which makes cellular metabolism an attractive target for immune-mediated tumor therapies.