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4. GET STARTED WITH WOOD HEAT: Enjoy a cozy, affordable heat source by beginning with the basics

Author

Lie-Nielsen, Kirsten

Subjects
Heating -- Equipment and supplies, Forest management, General interest, Home and garden, Hobbies and crafts
Abstract

Learning to respect and harness the power of fire is one of humanity's major evolutionary milestones. Centuries later, firewood remains among the most reliable sources of home heating and cooking. [...]

Published
2024

11. Radiation dose to heart and cardiac substructures and risk of coronary artery disease in early breast cancer patients: A DBCG study based on modern radiation therapy techniques

Author

Holm Milo, Marie Louise, Slot Møller, Ditte, Bisballe Nyeng, Tine, Hoffmann, Lone, Dahl Nissen, Henrik, Jensen, Ingelise, Laugaard Lorenzen, Ebbe, Bech Jellesmark Thorsen, Lise, Melgaard Nielsen, Kirsten, Paaske Johnsen, Søren, Brink Valentin, Jan, Alsner, Jan, and Vrou Offersen, Birgitte

Published
2023
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19. Feasibility of the <italic>Challenge</italic> Assessment, the <italic>Gait Outcomes Assessment List</italic> and ‘<italic>Moving Together’ (‘Sammen I Bevægels</italic>e’), a Group-Based Motor Skills Intervention for Independent School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Author

Nordbye-Nielsen, Kirsten, Wright, F.Virginia, Rahbek, Ole, Møller-Madsen, Bjarne, and Maribo, Thomas

Subjects
*CHILDREN with cerebral palsy, *FUNCTIONAL training, *MOTOR ability, *SATISFACTION, *PHYSICAL mobility
Abstract

This single group pre and posttest study evaluated the feasibility of a new 10-week group-based motor skills enhancement intervention: “Moving Together,” and associated use of the Challenge assessment and Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL). Participant attendance/completion and satisfaction with the assessments and intervention were evaluated, and a first estimate of associated motor skill-related changes obtained. Ten ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (7–14 years) and their parents participated. Ninety percent of Challenge sessions were attended and 82.5% of GOAL questionnaires completed. Program attendance was 83% overall. Satisfaction with assessments was high for the Challenge and moderate for the GOAL, and intervention satisfaction was high. Mean change scores (95% CI) post-intervention for the Challenge and GOAL were 4.2 (−11.4 to 3.1) and 3.6 (−14.4 to 4.0) points (/100) respectively. Challenge and GOAL use was feasible and appropriate for “MovingTogether” and associated with gains in motor skill performance and functional abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. State of the Field: Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses in C. neoformans and C. deneoformans Infection.

Author

Okafor, Elizabeth C. and Nielsen, Kirsten

Subjects
*HIV, *CRYPTOCOCCUS neoformans, *CELL physiology, *T cells, *MYCOSES, *KILLER cells
Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen that causes life-threatening disease in immunocompromised persons. The majority of immunological studies have centered on CD4+ T-cell dysfunction and associated cytokine signaling pathways, optimization of phagocytic cell function against fungal cells, and identification of robust antigens for vaccine development. However, a growing body of literature exists regarding cytotoxic cells, specifically CD8+ T-cells, Natural Killer cells, gamma/delta T-cells, NK T-cells, and Cytotoxic CD4+ T-cells, and their role in the innate and adaptive immune response during C. neoformans and C. deneoformans infection. In this review, we (1) provide a comprehensive report of data gathered from mouse and human studies on cytotoxic cell function and phenotype, (2) discuss harmonious and conflicting results on cellular responses in mice models and human infection, (3) identify gaps of knowledge in the field ripe for exploration, and (4) highlight how innovative immunological tools could enhance the study of cytotoxic cells and their potential immunomodulation during cryptococcosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Farmsteading Profits Beyond Meat, Eggs, and Vegetables: Goat yoga, llama walks, and corn mazes are just a few of the many options out there for nontraditional farm revenue streams

Author

Lie-Nielsen, Kirsten

Subjects
Corn -- Reports, Produce industry -- Reports, Vegetables -- Reports, Livestock -- Reports, General interest, Home and garden, Hobbies and crafts
Abstract

You've probably heard the joke about how to make $1 million in farming: You have to start with $2 million. Farming is a notoriously tough profession to earn a profit [...]

Published
2022

26. How to schedule night shift work in order to reduce health and safety risks

Author

Garde, Anne Helene, Begtrup, Luise, Bjorvatn, Bjørn, Bonde, Jens Peter, Hansen, Johnni, Hansen, Åse Marie, Härmä, Mikko, Jensen, Marie Aarrebo, Kecklund, Göran, Kolstad, Henrik A, Larsen, Ann Dyreborg, Lie, Jenny Anne, Moreno, Claudia RC, Nabe-Nielsen, Kirsten, and Sallinen, Mikael

Published
2020

27. Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus

Author

Hagen, Ferry, Lumbsch, H Thorsten, Arsenijevic, Valentina Arsic, Badali, Hamid, Bertout, Sebastien, Billmyre, R Blake, Bragulat, M Rosa, Cabañes, F Javier, Carbia, Mauricio, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chaturvedi, Sudha, Chaturvedi, Vishnu, Chen, Min, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Colom, Maria-Francisca, Cornely, Oliver A, Crous, Pedro W, Cuétara, Maria S, Diaz, Mara R, Espinel-Ingroff, Ana, Fakhim, Hamed, Falk, Rama, Fang, Wenjie, Herkert, Patricia F, Rodríguez, Consuelo Ferrer, Fraser, James A, Gené, Josepa, Guarro, Josep, Idnurm, Alexander, Illnait-Zaragozi, María-Teresa, Khan, Ziauddin, Khayhan, Kantarawee, Kolecka, Anna, Kurtzman, Cletus P, Lagrou, Katrien, Liao, Wanqing, Linares, Carlos, Meis, Jacques F, Nielsen, Kirsten, Nyazika, Tinashe K, Pan, Weihua, Pekmezovic, Marina, Polacheck, Itzhack, Posteraro, Brunella, de Queiroz Telles, Flavio, Romeo, Orazio, Sánchez, Manuel, Sampaio, Ana, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sriburee, Pojana, Sugita, Takashi, Taj-Aldeen, Saad J, Takashima, Masako, Taylor, John W, Theelen, Bart, Tomazin, Rok, Verweij, Paul E, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Wang, Ping, and Boekhout, Teun

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Cryptococcus, cryptococcosis, diagnostics, species delimitation, taxonomy, Immunology
Abstract

Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii. In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature "C. neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex." Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.

Published
2017

28. MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil

Author

Ferreira-Paim, Kennio, Andrade-Silva, Leonardo, Fonseca, Fernanda M, Ferreira, Thatiana B, Mora, Delio J, Andrade-Silva, Juliana, Khan, Aziza, Dao, Aiken, Reis, Eduardo C, Almeida, Margarete TG, Maltos, Andre, R., Virmondes, Trilles, Luciana, Rickerts, Volker, Chindamporn, Ariya, Sykes, Jane E, Cogliati, Massimo, Nielsen, Kirsten, Boekhout, Teun, Fisher, Matthew, Kwon-Chung, June, Engelthaler, David M, Lazéra, Marcia, Meyer, Wieland, and Silva-Vergara, Mario L

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, HIV/AIDS, Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Adult, Brazil, Cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Mycological Typing Techniques, Phylogeny, Young Adult, Medical and Health Sciences, Tropical Medicine, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Cryptococcosis is an important fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, especially those infected with HIV. In Brazil, despite the free availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public health system, the mortality rate due to Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis is still high. To obtain a more detailed picture of the population genetic structure of this species in southeast Brazil, we studied 108 clinical isolates from 101 patients and 35 environmental isolates. Among the patients, 59% had a fatal outcome mainly in HIV-positive male patients. All the isolates were found to be C. neoformans var. grubii major molecular type VNI and mating type locus alpha. Twelve were identified as diploid by flow cytometry, being homozygous (AαAα) for the mating type and by PCR screening of the STE20, GPA1, and PAK1 genes. Using the ISHAM consensus multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, 13 sequence types (ST) were identified, with one being newly described. ST93 was identified from 81 (75%) of the clinical isolates, while ST77 and ST93 were identified from 19 (54%) and 10 (29%) environmental isolates, respectively. The southeastern Brazilian isolates had an overwhelming clonal population structure. When compared with populations from different continents based on data extracted from the ISHAM-MLST database (mlst.mycologylab.org) they showed less genetic variability. Two main clusters within C. neoformans var. grubii VNI were identified that diverged from VNB around 0.58 to 4.8 million years ago.

Published
2017

29. History of working conditions and the risk of old-age dependency: a nationwide Swedish register-based study

Author

Nilsen, Charlotta, Agerholm, Janne, Kelfve, Susanne, Wastesson, Jonas W., Kareholt, Ingemar, Nabe-Nielsen, Kirsten, Meinow, Bettina, Nilsen, Charlotta, Agerholm, Janne, Kelfve, Susanne, Wastesson, Jonas W., Kareholt, Ingemar, Nabe-Nielsen, Kirsten, and Meinow, Bettina

Abstract

Aims: There is substantial evidence that previous working conditions influence post-retirement health, yet little is known about previous working conditions association with old-age dependency. We examined job strain, hazardous and physical demands across working life, in relation to the risk of entering old-age dependency of care. Methods: Individually linked nationwide Swedish registers were used to identify people aged 70+ who were not receiving long-term care (residential care or homecare) at baseline (January 2014). Register information on job titles between the years 1970 and 2010 was linked with a job exposure matrix of working conditions. Random effects growth curve models were used to calculate intra-individual trajectories of working conditions. Cox regression models with age as the timescale (adjusted for living situation, educational attainment, country of birth, and sex) were conducted to estimate hazard ratios for entering old-age dependency during the 24 months of follow-up (n = 931,819). Results: Having initial adverse working conditions followed by an accumulation throughout working life encompassed the highest risk of entering old-age dependency across the categories (job strain: HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19-1.27; physical demands: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.31-1.40, and hazardous work: HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.30-1.40). Initially high physical demands or hazardous work followed by a stable trajectory, or initially low-level physical demand or hazardous work followed by an accumulation throughout working life also encompassed a higher risk of dependency. Conclusions: A history of adverse working conditions increased the risk of old-age dependency. Reducing the accumulation of adverse working conditions across the working life may contribute to postponing old-age dependency., Funding Agencies|Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare [2019-01141, 2016-01072]; swedish research Council [2016-00197]; riksbankens Jubileumsfond [P21-0173]

Published
2024
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32. Intracellular Action of a Secreted Peptide Required for Fungal Virulence

Author

Homer, Christina M, Summers, Diana K, Goranov, Alexi I, Clarke, Starlynn C, Wiesner, Darin L, Diedrich, Jolene K, Moresco, James J, Toffaletti, Dena, Upadhya, Rajendra, Caradonna, Ippolito, Petnic, Sarah, Pessino, Veronica, Cuomo, Christina A, Lodge, Jennifer K, Perfect, John, Yates, John R, Nielsen, Kirsten, Craik, Charles S, and Madhani, Hiten D

Subjects
Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Animals, Cell Wall, Cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Disease Models, Animal, Fungal Proteins, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Macrophages, Melanins, Membrane Transport Proteins, Meningitis, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutation, Peptide Hydrolases, Quorum Sensing, Rabbits, Transcription Factors, Virulence Factors, Immunology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical microbiology
Abstract

Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial communication mechanism in which secreted signaling molecules impact population function and gene expression. QS-like phenomena have been reported in eukaryotes with largely unknown contributing molecules, functions, and mechanisms. We identify Qsp1, a secreted peptide, as a central signaling molecule that regulates virulence in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. QSP1 is a direct target of three transcription factors required for virulence, and qsp1Δ mutants exhibit attenuated infection, slowed tissue accumulation, and greater control by primary macrophages. Qsp1 mediates autoregulatory signaling that modulates secreted protease activity and promotes cell wall function at high cell densities. Peptide production requires release from a secreted precursor, proQsp1, by a cell-associated protease, Pqp1. Qsp1 sensing requires an oligopeptide transporter, Opt1, and remarkably, cytoplasmic expression of mature Qsp1 complements multiple phenotypes of qsp1Δ. Thus, C. neoformans produces an autoregulatory peptide that matures extracellularly but functions intracellularly to regulate virulence.

Published
2016

39. Adjunctive sertraline for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial

Author

Rhein, Joshua, Huppler Hullsiek, Kathy, Tugume, Lillian, Nuwagira, Edwin, Mpoza, Edward, Evans, Emily E, Kiggundu, Reuben, Pastick, Katelyn A, Ssebambulidde, Kenneth, Akampurira, Andrew, Williams, Darlisha A, Bangdiwala, Ananta S, Abassi, Mahsa, Musubire, Abdu K, Nicol, Melanie R, Muzoora, Conrad, Meya, David B, Boulware, David R, Ndyetukira, Jane Francis, Ahimbisibwe, Cynthia, Kugonza, Florence, Namuju, Carolyne, Sadiq, Alisat, Namudde, Alice, Mwesigye, James, Tadeo, Kiiza K, Kirumira, Paul, Okirwoth, Michael, Luggya, Tonny, Kaboggoza, Julian, Laker, Eva, Atwine, Leo, Muganzi, Davis, Walukaga, Stewart, Jawed, Bilal, Merry, Matthew, Stadelman, Anna, Stephens, Nicole, Flynn, Andrew G, Fujita, Ayako W, Kwizera, Richard, Mukaremera, Liliane, Lofgren, Sarah M, Cresswell, Fiona V, Morawski, Bozena M, Bahr, Nathan C, and Nielsen, Kirsten

Published
2019
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43. Finding a Farm Sitter: Enjoy your vacation to the fullest, knowing your homestead or farm is well looked after.

Author

Lie-Nielsen, Kirsten

Subjects
AGRICULTURE, FARMS, GOAT breeds, SELF-reliant living, LIABILITY insurance, YOUNG adults
Abstract

This article provides tips and suggestions for finding a farm sitter to take care of a homestead or farm while the owner is on vacation. The author recommends finding at least two or three potential sitters as backups in case of conflicts or emergencies. Suggestions for finding farm sitters include reaching out to local agriculture clubs, posting help wanted posters at local stores, advertising online, and asking friends and family for recommendations. The article also emphasizes the importance of finding a farm sitter who is comfortable and experienced with the specific tasks and animals on the farm, and suggests conducting interviews and test runs before committing to a sitter. Additionally, the article advises paying the sitter well and ensuring that the farm is properly insured. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

44. Analysis of the genome and transcriptome of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii reveals complex RNA expression and microevolution leading to virulence attenuation.

Author

Janbon, Guilhem, Ormerod, Kate L, Paulet, Damien, Byrnes, Edmond J, Yadav, Vikas, Chatterjee, Gautam, Mullapudi, Nandita, Hon, Chung-Chau, Billmyre, R Blake, Brunel, François, Bahn, Yong-Sun, Chen, Weidong, Chen, Yuan, Chow, Eve WL, Coppée, Jean-Yves, Floyd-Averette, Anna, Gaillardin, Claude, Gerik, Kimberly J, Goldberg, Jonathan, Gonzalez-Hilarion, Sara, Gujja, Sharvari, Hamlin, Joyce L, Hsueh, Yen-Ping, Ianiri, Giuseppe, Jones, Steven, Kodira, Chinnappa D, Kozubowski, Lukasz, Lam, Woei, Marra, Marco, Mesner, Larry D, Mieczkowski, Piotr A, Moyrand, Frédérique, Nielsen, Kirsten, Proux, Caroline, Rossignol, Tristan, Schein, Jacqueline E, Sun, Sheng, Wollschlaeger, Carolin, Wood, Ian A, Zeng, Qiandong, Neuvéglise, Cécile, Newlon, Carol S, Perfect, John R, Lodge, Jennifer K, Idnurm, Alexander, Stajich, Jason E, Kronstad, James W, Sanyal, Kaustuv, Heitman, Joseph, Fraser, James A, Cuomo, Christina A, and Dietrich, Fred S

Subjects
Chromosomes, Fungal, Cryptococcus neoformans, DNA, Fungal, RNA, Fungal, Virulence, Genome, Fungal, Introns, Transcriptome, Chromosomes, Fungal, DNA, RNA, Genome, Developmental Biology, Genetics
Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast responsible for more than 600,000 deaths each year. It occurs as two serotypes (A and D) representing two varieties (i.e. grubii and neoformans, respectively). Here, we sequenced the genome and performed an RNA-Seq-based analysis of the C. neoformans var. grubii transcriptome structure. We determined the chromosomal locations, analyzed the sequence/structural features of the centromeres, and identified origins of replication. The genome was annotated based on automated and manual curation. More than 40,000 introns populating more than 99% of the expressed genes were identified. Although most of these introns are located in the coding DNA sequences (CDS), over 2,000 introns in the untranslated regions (UTRs) were also identified. Poly(A)-containing reads were employed to locate the polyadenylation sites of more than 80% of the genes. Examination of the sequences around these sites revealed a new poly(A)-site-associated motif (AUGHAH). In addition, 1,197 miscRNAs were identified. These miscRNAs can be spliced and/or polyadenylated, but do not appear to have obvious coding capacities. Finally, this genome sequence enabled a comparative analysis of strain H99 variants obtained after laboratory passage. The spectrum of mutations identified provides insights into the genetics underlying the micro-evolution of a laboratory strain, and identifies mutations involved in stress responses, mating efficiency, and virulence.

Published
2014

45. Inbred Mouse Models in Cryptococcus neoformans Research.

Author

Ding, Minna and Nielsen, Kirsten

Subjects
*CRYPTOCOCCUS neoformans, *LABORATORY mice, *ANIMAL disease models, *MICE, *IMMUNE reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, *ANIMAL models in research
Abstract

Animal models are frequently used as surrogates to understand human disease. In the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus species complex, several variations of a mouse model of disease were developed that recapitulate different aspects of human disease. These mouse models have been implemented using various inbred and outbred mouse backgrounds, many of which have genetic differences that can influence host response and disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly used inbred mouse backgrounds in C. neoformans infection models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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