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In order to explore a new model of talent training that integrates the cultivation of Chinese medical thinking and training, and to further standardize the work of the outpatient staff. This paper analyzes in detail the clinical thinking skills of TCM and divides them into 3 parts, namely theory, operation and thinking skills. Quantification of clinical thinking skills of TCM outpatient clinic staff by MEA algorithm. From the perspective of TCM thinking cultivation, a three-tier B/S architecture was used to design a standardized training system for TCM outpatient clinics. The results of the experiment showed that without any training, Nurse Wang’s scores on the written, operational and thinking skills exams remained the same. After routine TCM thinking development, Nurse Wu’s TCM written, operational and thinking skills scores improved by 3.15, 3.44 and 4.32 points, respectively. The improvement in performance after training was small and P > 0.05. Nurse Qian improved her TCM written, operational, and thinking skills scores by 6.44, 7.56, and 10.44 points, respectively, through the outpatient standardized training system, with the highest scores and P < 0.05. This verifies that the use of TCM outpatient standardized training system can solve the problems of insufficient TCM thinking cultivation and low TCM theoretical operation level, and provide platform support for the new model of high-level TCM clinical talent training reform.

Flash flood disasters are one of the major natural disasters in the world, and rapid and accurate early identification of flash flood disasters is the key to preventing and controlling them. In recent years, computer and spatial information technology development has promoted the advancement of early identification technology for flash floods. However, previous research has mainly focused on the impact of 'water' and neglected the impact of 'sediment' deposition on the rise of water levels. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of flash floods and improve the accuracy of early identification, this article first uses bibliometric methods to review the spatiotemporal distribution, internal relationships, and research hotspots of literature in this field over the past 42 years. Then, the research practice of considering the impact of sediment on the early identification of flash floods was introduced from three aspects: mechanism, model, and uncertainty. Finally, the existing problems in current research were discussed, and future research directions were proposed. The research results have shown that the number of publications in this field has been increasing yearly and will continue to increase, but the cooperation between authors is not close. The coupling effect between sediment replenishment and floods cannot be ignored. Taking into account multiple uncertainties can greatly improve recognition accuracy. This study can provide a panoramic literature perspective and practical research experience for relevant researchers and decision-makers and support further improving flash flood prevention and control capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bed degradation of a compound channel induced by a base level fall can significantly impact the flood conveyance capability and stability of riverine structures. This study found that severe compound channel degradation is due to the coupled effects of flood discharge and base level fall. Laboratory experiments examined the impact of base level fall on the grain size distribution at the bed surface, flow discharge in the main channel and floodplains, and longitudinal profile of the bed elevation. Two riverbed degradation patterns of a compound channel after base level fall were clarified. Relative to the original bed slope, degradation pattern (I) had a higher bed slope, but degradation pattern (II) had a lower one. A calculation method was proposed to determine the critical conditions for identifying these two riverbed degradation types. Both experimental and published data confirmed that the proposed method is valid for identifying these two compound channel degradation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]Water use efficiency (WUE) and the factors affecting its spatiotemporal variation are important in water management at catchment scale. The objective of this paper is to analyze the variations of WUE and its determinants in the source region of Yellow River (SRYR).[Method]The analysis was based on MODIS remote sensing data, from which we estimated the ecosystem WUE from 2000 to 2014 and its spatiotemporal variation, as well as the underlying drivers using trend analysis and correlation analysis.[Result]Spatially, the mean annual WUE increased from the west to the east, with an average of (0.59±0.35) gC/(m² •mm) from 2000 to 2014. Temporally, WUE did not show any decreasing or increasing trend (p>0.05). The areas that have seen a significant increase in WUE account for 30.29% of the studied region, distributing mainly in the west and north of SRYR. Areas with low and medium vegetation coverage are dominated by grassland and farmland. Spatial variation of WUE was mainly affected by hydrothermal factors and leaf area index. [Conclusion]In the context of mediating the detrimental effects of climate warming and flooding, improving vegetation in areas with low and medium vegetation coverage is expected to enhance WUE significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, RS and GIS technologies have played an increasingly important role in various aspects of rainfall induced landslide research. In order to systematically understand their application situation, this paper extensively used various visualization analysis technologies for in-depth analysis of 1,161 documents collected by the WOS data platform in the past 27 years by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Then, this article focuses on sub domain analysis from four aspects: landslide detection and monitoring, prediction models, sensitivity mapping, and risk assessment. The study found that the number of literature in this field has steadily increased and is expected to continue to rise. This literature review has attracted widespread attention from the academic community, but it is challenging to meet research needs. Frequent and effective cooperation between countries, institutions, and authors is very beneficial for promoting progress in this field. The future development direction is a new intelligent hybrid model that integrates multiple research methods. This study can provide researchers in this field with the core research force, hot topic evolution, and future development trends of future rainfall-induced landslides and contribute to landslide prevention and control decision-making and achieving the United Nations'sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]