1. Cardiovascular Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer
- Author
-
Greg Glover, Nidhi Thareja, Andre Akhondi, Joshua Rosenberg, Timothy Canan, and Megha Agarwal
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Disease ,Androgen deprivation therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Enzalutamide ,cardiovascular diseases ,Degarelix ,business.industry ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Cancer ,Androgen Antagonists ,Androgen ,medicine.disease ,Blockade ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business - Abstract
This review paper is a comprehensive look at the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk that is associated with the use of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. It summarizes when certain cancer therapies are indicated and should guide physicians in identifying patients at increased risk for CVD during prostate cancer therapy. GnRH agonist use and maximal androgen blockade (MAB) are associated with increased CVD. This association is not observed in patients on GnRH antagonists. One example is the novel agent abiraterone, which is associated with hypertension whose mechanisms are likely driven by mineralocorticoid excess. Incidence of cardiovascular disease events is greatest when using MAB, especially in patients with pre-existing CVD. There is significant confounding that exists given patients with more aggressive cancers tend to be older and have more co-existing CVD. Given the lower CVD event rates with GnRH antagonists, future studies and strategies should focus on high-risk cancer patients with co-existing CVD receiving antagonists over agonists.
- Published
- 2019