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We present a checklist of spiders inhabiting the Pelagie archipelago and Pantelleria island, in the Strait of Sicily (Southern Italy). Data were compiled from both literature sources and unpublished materials stored in museum collections. In total, we report new data on 100 species, bringing the total number of species documented for the islands of the Strait of Sicily to 148. Among these, 8 are new for Europe and 9 new for Italy. The island of Lampedusa hosts the highest number of species (107), followed by Pantelleria (63) and Linosa (25). The most represented families are Gnaphosidae in Lampedusa and Linosa, while Salticidae is dominant in Pantelleria. Most of the species present on the islands of the Strait of Sicily have a Holarctic distribution. Several rare species are recorded, including Haplodrassus crassipes (Lucas, 1846), Palliduphantes labilis (Simon, 1913) and Xysticus promiscuus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876. In addition, the female of Poecilochroa loricata Kritscher, 1996 (Gnaphosidae) is here described and illustrated for the first time. As revealed by the study of the species-area relationship, the islands of the Strait of Sicily host a higher number of species compared to other small islands in Italy. Accordingly, species richness recorded in Lampedusa and Linosa is higher than expected, while further investigations are suggested to increase knowledge of the local spider diversity.

CAR-T-cell therapy, also referred to as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, is a novel method in the field of immunotherapy for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). In patients receiving CAR-T-cell therapy, fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computer Tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) plays a critical role in tracking treatment response and evaluating the immunotherapy’s overall efficacy. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on the studies aiming to assess and predict toxicity by means of [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with NHL receiving CAR-T-cell therapy. PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were interrogated by two investigators to seek studies involving the use of [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with lymphoma undergoing CAR-T-cell therapy. The comprehensive computer literature search allowed 11 studies to be included. The risk of bias for the studies included in the systematic review was scored as low by using version 2 of the “Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies” tool (QUADAS-2). The current literature emphasizes the role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in assessing and predicting toxicity in patients with NHL receiving CAR-T-cell therapy, highlighting the evolving nature of research in CAR-T-cell therapy. Additional studies are warranted to increase the collected evidence in the literature.

Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production at a moderate physiological level plays a fundamental role in the anti-aging signaling, due to their action as redox-active sensors for the maintenance of optimal mitochondrial balance between intracellular energy status and hormetic nutrients. Iron regulatory protein dysregulation, systematically increased iron levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the consequent oxidative stress are recognized to underlie the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Central to their pathogenesis, Nrf2 signaling dysfunction occurs with disruption of metabolic homeostasis. We highlight the potential therapeutic importance of nutritional polyphenols as substantive regulators of the Nrf2 pathway. Here, we discuss the common mechanisms targeting the Nrf2/vitagene pathway, as novel therapeutic strategies to minimize consequences of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, generally associated to cognitive dysfunction, and demonstrate its key neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory properties, summarizing pharmacotherapeutic aspects relevant to brain pathophysiology.

Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterized by tremor, slowness of movement, stiffness, and poor balance, is due to a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum with deficit of dopamine. To date the mechanisms sustaining PD pathogenesis are under investigation; however, a solid body of experimental evidence involves neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death as the crucial factors operating in the pathogenesis of PD. Nutrition is known to modulate neuroinflammatory processes implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of this neurodegenerative disorder. Consistent with this notion, the Burseraceae family, which includes the genera Boswellia and Commiphora, are attracting emerging interest in the treatment of a wide range of pathological conditions, including neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Bioactive components present in these species have been shown to improve cognitive function and to protect neurons from degeneration in in vitro, animal, as well as clinical research. These effects are mediated through the anti-inflammatory, antiamyloidogenic, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidative properties of bioactive components. Although many studies have exploited possible therapeutic approaches, data from human studies are lacking and their neuroprotective potential makes them a promising option for preventing and treating major neurodegenerative disorders.

The grapevine (Vitis spp., family Vitaceae) is characterized by marked phenotypic plasticity. Its ability to withstand specific environmental conditions depends on the activation of highly coordinated responses resulting from interactions among genotypes (G) and environmental factors (E). In this study, the transcriptomes of commercially ripe berries of the Cabernet Sauvignon and Aglianico genotypes grown in open fields at three different sites in central-southern Italy (Campania, Molise and Sicily) were analyzed with RNA sequencing. These transcriptomic data were integrated with a comprehensive set of weather course indices through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of 11,887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were retrieved, most of which were associated with the Aglianico genotype. The plants from the Sicilian site presented the greatest number of DEGs for both genotypes. Most of the weather course data (daily maximum air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, dew point, and hours of sun radiation) were significantly correlated with the “lightcyan1” module, confirming WGCNA as a powerful method for identifying genes of high biological interest. Within this module, the gene encoding the ACA10 cation transporter was highly expressed in plants of both genotypes from Campania, where the lowest anthocyanin content was recorded. The transcriptome was also correlated with quality traits, such as total soluble solids and polyphenol content. This approach could lead to the identification of a transcriptomic profile that may specifically identify a genotype and its growing site and to the discovery of hub genes that might function as markers of wine quality.

On September 13, the new Dutch government led by Dick Schoof outlined its programme for the next years. Unsurprisingly, a major point of this programme regards asylum and migration, for which the greatest ambition is to install the strictest regime ever and to include the Netherlands within the category of Member States of the European Union with the strictest admission rules. This post reviews these proposals through the lens of European Law to challenge their legal feasibility and flag the potential incompatibility with Dutch obligations stemming from EU and international law.

IntroductionManaging burn injuries is a challenge in healthcare. Due to the alarming increase in antibiotic resistance, new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies are being sought. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of live Lactic Acid Bacteria for managing burn infections, using Galleria mellonella larvae as an alternative preclinical animal model and comparing the outcomes with a common antibiotic.MethodsThe antimicrobial activity of LAB isolated from human breast milk was assessed in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Additionally, the immunomodulatory effects of LAB were evaluated in vivo using the G. mellonella burn wound infection model.Results and discussionIn vitro results demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria against P. aeruginosa. In vivo results show that their prophylactic treatment improves, statistically significant, larval survival and modulates the expression of immunity-related genes, Gallerimycin and Relish/NF-κB, strain-dependently. These findings lay the foundation and suggest a promising alternative for burn wound prevention and management, reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance, enhancing immune modulation, and validating the potential G. mellonella as a skin burn wound model.

Abstract Bimetallic nickel‐iron based oxides are regarded as one of the most promising catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, we show that the precursor metal salts can affect the OER activity of the resulting Ni/Fe oxide under the same hydrothermal synthesis conditions. Pure sulfate, pure nitrate and mixed sulfate/nitrate metal salts were used to fabricate NiFe based oxide materials and to study the importance of the precursor choice for the OER. The results show that the nature of the precursor used in the synthesis of the bimetallic nickel‐iron materials can influence different multi‐phase catalysts to form which effects the OER.

The newborn's skin must undergo a transition process as a result of the passage from an aqueous to an aerobic environment. This process occurs over a period of approximately 2 to 8 weeks. The skin of newborns has important anatomical and physiological differences compared to those of older children and adults. It is thin, with fewer appendages; the stratum corneum is not present; the dermal-epidermal junction is reduced; intercellular junctions are weaker; the secretions of the sebaceous glands are limited and the pH is generally neutral. All these factors make the newborn's skin more fragile to any stimulus. To have effective prevention and intervention procedures, an accurate and practical risk assessment tool should be identified as a preliminary step for adequate prevention. Unfortunately, only few validated tools are available to assess the risk of PUs in children, especially newborns. The objective of the study is to examine the adherence of the most used tools for the assessment of PU risk in newborns, in particular to make a comparison of the limits and advantages of the most frequently used tools in neonatal settings, the Glamorgan scale and NSRAS. To respond to the main objective, a scoping review of the literature was conducted. 54 studies were identified. Further analysis was conducted, which led to the exclusion of articles that did not examine the characteristics of newborn skin, the risk factors related to PUs and the appropriateness of the NSRAS and Glamorgan tools, for a final selection of 35 studies. Patients admitted to NICU represent the paediatric category most exposed to the risk of developing pressure ulcers. Factors such as reduced mobility, together with the pressure exerted by aids or devices, increase the risk of pressure injuries. The risk factors that most expose the newborn to risk are the structure of the skin and medical devices. Nurses should implement preventative measures to control the risk of PU. The use of specific tools is necessary to detect the risk of PUs in newborns and implement preventive measures. PUs risk assessment is one of the nursing care strategies for prevention. Therefore, operators need a valid, reliable, and predictive scale. Lastly, we recommend the use of NSRAS for future research and for the education of healthcare professionals in the neonatal area.

The literature still offers few results on the prevention and treatment of neonatal skin lesions. However, it is important to note that available data show a high prevalence of injuries in newborns, especially in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. This prevalence, cross-sectional and pilot monocentric study aims to obtain updated epidemiological indicators on lesions in the hospitalized neonatal population. We analyzed a pilot cohort, randomizing a time window (November 2022). A data collection form (CRF) was designed in which information relating to the variables analyzed was collected, i.e. the child's medical history and a detailed inspection of the skin. This data was recorded in a database. A quantitative and descriptive analysis of the frequency of sociodemographic variables of all aggregated prevalence cut-off data was performed. During data analysis, correlations were made with respect to the type of lesions based on statistical significance (Fisher's exact). The results of the study demonstrate that the lesions are the result of a combination of several factors, including: setting, intrinsic and extrinsic factors, pathology and methods of use of skin management. For a better understanding of this problem it is necessary to deepen the research, expanding the number of observation windows.

Introduction: A stoma is a surgical opening in the abdomen that allows for the passage of feces and/or urine. It can be temporary or permanent, and the type of stoma depends on the affected section of the intestine or urinary tract. In neonates, a stoma may be necessary for various congenital or acquired pathologies. Stoma management in this age group requires specific skills and presents different challenges compared to adults. Aim: The aim of this review is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of stoma and tube stoma in neonates, to identify the clinical and care strategy that guarantees a better quality of life for the child and their family. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The search included studies comparing the use of stoma and tube feeding in neonates with different pathologies. Results: Data analysis showed that: stomas offer immediate access to the intestine for feeding and decompression, but can be associated with complications such as retraction, ischemia, and peristomal dermatitis. Tube stoma allows for controlled tissue expansion of the intestine and better management of short bowel syndrome but requires more complex management and greater training of healthcare personnel. Conclusions: The choice between stoma and tube stoma in neonates should be individualized, considering the different clinical variables and the needs of the child and their family.

Background: Pediatric palliative care (CPP) is defined as active and holistic care of the child's body, mind and spirit, actively supporting the centrality and role of the family. They have as their primary objective the improvement of the quality of life of children and their families, supporting them in treatment choices. CPPs should be planned at the time of diagnosis, in order to be able to initiate the patient and family early on to a type of care that responds to the multiple needs that the situation entails, without precluding concomitant curative therapy. In fact, it has been shown that they are all the more effective the earlier they are integrated into the child's treatment plan. However, despite the international recognition of CPPs as an integral part of the right to health, implementation and effective access to such services remain limited in many contexts, including Italy. challenges to CPPs integration are multiple and include the complexity of clinical conditions, lack of training of healthcare professionals, regulatory and regional politicy issues, and socio-cultural barriers. Aim: The primary aim of this scoping review is to investigate the current landscape of PPCs for children and young people with life-limiting non-oncological conditions in Italy and worldwide in terms of benefits, eligibility, impact on the family and the barriers associated with treatment. Materials and method: A scoping review was performed between September 2023 and January 2024 following the PRISMA guidelines using the keywords “pediatric palliative care” AND “chronic disease/barrier/eligibility/parents. Results: Ten full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. The major studies were quantitative, cross sectional. The finding demonstrates that early inclusion of complex chronic non-oncological patients in palliative care programs leads to greater patient and family satisfaction, reducing emotional burden and improving communication and treatment planning. Parents experience stress and financial difficulties. Parent psychological distress was associated with parent-reported patient symptoms and financial difficulty. Major challenges include the lack of support networks and training in palliative care, along with legal and economic issues. Conclusions: While there is growing recognition of the importance of CPP, further efforts are needed to address challenges in accessing and integrating services, as well as meeting the needs of patients, families and healthcare professionals working in this field. Improving knowledge and awareness about CPP can help overcome barriers to accessing services and improve the quality of care provided to pediatric patients and their families.

ABSTRACT Objetive: This article presents a retrospective cohort study analyzing patients from IOT-FMUSP who underwent replantation or revision amputation procedures for traumatic thumb amputation between 2013 and 2020. Methods: The study included 40 patients in the replanted group and 41 patients in the amputed group. The patients were divided according to the level of amputation and their medical records were analyzed. Results: A total of 81 patients with digital amputation were analyzed, consisting of 79 males and 2 females, with mean ages of 43 and 49 for the amputed and replanted groups, respectively. According to the Biemer classification, 28.4% had proximal amputation, while 71.6% had distal amputation. The most common occupation was bricklayer (19.75%), and 80.24% were manual workers. Of the patients, 65% returned to their previous work, with 77.77% of them having amputation on their non-dominant hand, mostly caused by circular saw accidents (77.77%). The replantation success rate was 78%, with an average ischemia time of 9 hours and door-to-room time of 2 hours. Conclusion: the study findings revealed that traumatic thumb amputation predominantly affects working-age males with a low education level and the success rate of replantation was high in this ischemia time and door-to-room conditions. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective study.

PurposeWe evaluated the clinical features and retinal and disk perfusion characteristics by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in a subset of giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients who manifested anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), in a subset of GCA patients without ocular involvement, and in a control group composed of healthy controls.MethodsWe performed an observational study on the eyes of GCA patients affected by arteritic AION both in acute and chronic phases, unaffected eyes of AION, eyes of GCA patients without ocular involvement, and in a control group of healthy eyes of healthy individuals. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and an OCT and OCTA of the macula and the disk.ResultsThe study evaluated 10 eyes of GCA patients with AION (AION group), 8 unaffected eyes of GCA patients with AION in another eye (unaffected eyes of AION group), 16 eyes of GCA patients without ocular involvement (non-ocular group), and 22 eyes of healthy patients (healthy group). The ganglion cell complex (GCC) superior and inferior thicknesses were significantly lower in the AION group compared to the unaffected eyes of the AION group (p = 0.045 and p = 0.034, respectively). All OCTA vascular density parameters of the optic disk analyzed in this study (optic nerve head (ONH) whole, superior, inferior, radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) whole, superior, inferior, lamina cribrosa (LC) whole, superior, inferior) resulted significantly lower in the AION group compared to the unaffected eyes group (p

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat, affecting one-quarter of the world's population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 6 million people die annually due to chronic illnesses, a statistic that includes TB-related deaths. This high mortality is attributed to factors such as the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the exceptional survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have garnered attention for their crucial role in TB pathogenesis, surpassing typical small RNAs (sRNA) in their ability to alter the host's immune response. For instance, miR-155, miR-125b, and miR-29a have been identified as key players in the immune response to MTB, particularly in modulating macrophages, T cells, and cytokine production. While sRNAs are restricted to within cells, exo-miRNAs are secreted from MTB-infected macrophages. These exo-miRNAs modify the function of surrounding cells to favor the bacterium, perpetuating the infection cycle. Another significant aspect is that the expression of these miRNAs affects specific genes and pathways involved in immune functions, suggesting their potential use in diagnosing TB and as therapeutic targets. This review compiles existing information on the immunomodulatory function of exosomal miRNAs from MTB, particularly focusing on disease progression and the scientific potential of this approach compared to existing diagnostic techniques. Thus, the aim of the study is to understand the role of exosomal miRNAs in TB and to explore their potential for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

Background: Type 2 inflammation is the principal determinant of asthma in children, and it leads to the downstream activation of eosinophils (EOS), the production of immunoglobulin-E (IgE), and increased levels of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Dupilumab received the approval for the treatment of uncontrolled severe Type 2 asthma in children. Objective: The aim of this analysis was to calculate the Type 2 severe asthma paediatric population who would be eligible for treatment with dupilumab in Italy and characterize them by expected biomarker status. Methods: The calculation of the dupilumab-eligible population employed a two-phase approach: 1) estimating the total number of children aged 6–11 years with uncontrolled severe asthma; and 2) stratifying the severe uncontrolled asthma population, based on appropriate biomarker levels, thus identifying patients eligible for treatment with dupilumab. The VOYAGE study provided the data for this analysis. Results: The two-phase approach utilizing VOYAGE data revealed that the average number of paediatric patients with uncontrolled severe asthma was N = 1007. Stratification of these patients, as per VOYAGE data, indicated that the majority (N = 740; 73.5%) would have ≥2 elevated biomarkers, and over one-third patients (N = 434, 43.1%) would exhibit simultaneously elevated levels of EOS, FeNO and IgE. Of the paediatric patients, N = 864 were identified as eligible to dupilumab treatment, constituting 85.8% of the target population. Notably, nearly half eligible patients (N = 454) displayed elevated levels of both EOS and FeNO biomarkers, while the substantial majority (81.1%) exhibited at least an increase of EOS levels (N = 817). Patients with increased FeNO levels without a concurrent increase in EOS were less frequent (N = 47; 5.4% of the eligible population). Conclusion: The simultaneous testing of multiple biomarkers during baseline patient assessment and disease follow-up is highly recommended. Utilizing cost-effective tests, physicians can estimate the prevalence of severe Type 2 asthma, categorize patients into distinct phenotypes (eosinophilic, allergic, or mixed), and consequently identify and prescribe the most suitable therapeutic interventions. This approach also facilitates the ongoing evaluation and adjustment of the treatment strategies based on individual patient responses.

States use mechanisms such as visas, maritime interdiction operations, pushback practices to unsafe countries to prevent migrants from reaching their shores, applying for asylum, or invoking fundamental rights guarantees. This raises the question of whether and to what extent States have extraterritorial obligations towards migrants who have not yet reached the territory of destination countries. By focusing on recent practices in the Mediterranean, this post addresses this overarching question.

IntroductionAmong girls assessed for pubertal precocity, pelvic ultrasound (pUS) may represent a pivotal tool to predict the time expected to elapse between sonographic assessment and the onset of menarche (TUS-M). Accordingly, the present analysis is meant to define the statistical relationship between sonographic parameters and TUS-M, in order to identify the most reliable predictor of the timing of menarche.MethodsRetrospective, multicenter analysis. Girls assessed for sexual precocity and showing sonographic and clinical findings consistent with pubertal onset upon referral were considered eligible. Patients treated with GnRH analogues were excluded and only those who had subsequently achieved complete and spontaneous pubertal attainment and for whom the exact date of menarche was available were included. Overall, we enrolled 184 girls from five tertiary care Italian Centers.ResultsThe time elapsed (months) between baseline endocrine assessment and spontaneous achievement of menarche showed a negative statistically significant correlation (p

Safety studies have indicated strong correlation between road friction and accident risk, with a dramatic increase in accident when friction drops below certain threshold. For this reason, managing pavement skid resistance is an important mean to reduce crashes. Unfortunately, during the pavement lifespan, skid resistance undergoes to deterioration due to several factors (traffic wear, weathering and aging). The correct management of road pavements implies the knowledge of the performance evolution, obtained both with monitoring and degradation models, however, among those latter available in literature, very few explored the influence of traffic vehicles in terms of type and travel mode. In this paper a new methodology combining the use of road sectioning schemes with a traffic damage criterion based on the dissipated energy at the tire-road pavement contact, for the development of degradation curves from experimental data collected on roads with different traffic, in terms of volumes, vehicle composition and motion conditions, is presented. The methodology has been validated to an open graded bituminous surface course (OGSC) on urban motorway and obtained degradation models have been also compared with those provided by a traditional degradation modelling approach highlighting the superior performance of the proposed approach.

Abstract Microbial diversity of caves is largely understudied and its possible applications are still unknown. Autochthonous fungi, in particular, may have the potential to biomineralize metals and may be used as promising agents for bioremediation of polluted sites; thus, unearthing the fungal diversity in hypogean ecosystems is nowadays of utmost importance. To start addressing this knowledge gap, the cultivable mycobiota of two neighbouring caves—one natural and one exploited for touristic purposes—were characterised and compared by studying fungi isolated from sediments collected at increasing distances from the entrance. Overall, 250 fungal isolates ascribable to 69 taxa (mainly Ascomycota) were found, a high percentage of which was reported in caves for the first time. The sediments of the touristic cave displayed a richer and more diversified community in comparison with the natural one, possibly due to visitors carrying propagules or organic material. Considering that these environments are still poorly explored, chances to detect new fungal lineages are not negligible.

Plutonium zwierleini is a large plutoniumid centipede of great evolutionary interest, occurring with isolated populations along the western Mediterranean area, from Spain to Italy. Due to its rarity and the extreme paucity of available records, P. zwierleini is among the least known Mediterranean chilopods, and scarce information is currently available on its ecology and natural history. Based on an extensive sampling effort carried out in Sicily between 2022 and 2023, we here provide additional occurrence localities for the species across Sicily, and new insights into its ecology. Overall, 29 novel Sicilian records of P. zwierleini, scattered across 21 localities, were collected thus increasing its known Sicilian distribution area by 117%, and the number of localities by 110%. The species was found in a wide range of habitats such as open areas, woods, buildings, and caves, characterizing Plutonium zwierleini as a habitat generalist, whose fine ecological preferenda need to be further explored. Moreover, to explore the diet and behaviour of the species, some specimens were kept in captivity. The captive individuals fed mostly on dead or poorly mobile soft-bodied prey and inert food, without ever displaying predatory behaviour; this suggests that, contrarily to what is currently assumed, P. zwierleini might be a scavenger rather than a predator. The potential distribution of Plutonium zwierleini in Sicily was inferred based on georeferenced occurrence records and climatic variables. The implemented MaxEnt model forecasts the possible occurrence of P. zwierleini on the whole island, with the single exception of its south-easternmost part, possibly due to the local pattern of precipitation seasonality. We hope that the present work might pave the way for further surveys aimed at a better understanding of the ecology of Plutonium zwierleini and the collection of new data in the other regions inhabited by this secretive species.

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder characterized by the ac-cumulation of fat in hepatocytes without alcohol consumption. Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play significant roles in NAFLD pathogenesis. The unfolded protein response in mitochondria (UPRmt) is an adaptive mechanism that aims to restore mitochondrial protein homeostasis and mitigate cellular stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ( +)-Lipoic acid (ALA) on UPRmt, inflammation, and oxidative stress in an in vitro model of NAFLD using HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid and oleic acid to induce steatosis. Results Treatment with palmitic and oleic acids increased UPRmt-related proteins HSP90 and HSP60 (heat shock protein), and decreased CLPP (caseinolytic protease P), indicating ER stress activation. ALA treatment at 1 μM and 5 μM restored UPRmt-related protein levels. PA:OA (palmitic acid:oleic acid)-induced ER stress markers IRE1α (Inositol requiring enzyme-1), CHOP (C/EBP Homologous Protein), BIP (Binding Immunoglobulin Protein), and BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein) were significantly reduced by ALA treatment. ALA also enhanced ER-mediated protein glycosylation and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased GPX1 (Glutathione peroxidase 1), GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi 1), and GSR (glutathione-disulfide reductase) expression and increased GSH (Glutathione) levels, and improved cellular senescence as shown by the markers β-galactosidase, γH2Ax and Klotho-beta. Conclusions In conclusion, ALA ameliorated ER stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation in HepG2 cells treated with palmitic and oleic acids, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for NAFLD providing a possible biochemical mechanism underlying ALA beneficial effects. Graphical Abstract