Jordi Landier, Abdullah Abu Sayeed, Seila Suon, Kim-Tuyen Nguyen, Kate Rowlands, Frank Smithuis, Chanon Kunasol, Chanaki Amaratunga, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Keobouphaphone Chindavongsa, Jacob Almagro Garcia, Richard D. Pearson, Mozam Ali, Xin Hui S Chan, Katie Love, Naomi Park, Pascal Ringwald, Richard J. Maude, Cristina V. Ariani, Mehul Dhorda, Marie A. Onyamboko, Daniel M. Parker, Tin Maung Hlaing, Scott Goodwin, Namfon Kotanan, Thang Ngo Duc, Gilles Delmas, Huy Rekol, Rick M. Fairhurst, Victoria Simpson, Arjen M. Dondorp, Le Thanh Dong, Bouasy Hongvanthong, Tran Tinh Hien, Rapeephan R. Maude, Thomas J. Peto, Shavanthi Rajatileka, Roberto Amato, Thanat Chookajorn, Ben Jeffery, Anna E. Jeffreys, Nicole Zdrojewski, Caterina I. Fanello, Eleanor Drury, Mihir Kekre, Myo Thant, John Sillitoe, Olivo Miotto, Aung Myint Thu, James J Callery, Subrata Baidya, Paul N. Newton, Ranitha Vongpromek, Prativa K Behera, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, Rob W. van der Pluijm, Jim Stalker, Anupkumar R. Anvikar, Sonexay Phalivong, Dawn Muddyman, Nguyen Thuy-Nhien, Christina Hubbart, Rithea Leang, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas P. J. Day, Phrutsamon Wongnak, Jonathan Keatley, Hoa Nguyen, Cinzia Malangone, Parthasarathi Satpathi, Abul Faiz, Dysoley Lek, François Nosten, Christopher G Jacob, Rupam Tripura, Sara E. Canavati, Huynh Hong Quang, Kirk A. Rockett, Neena Valecha, Thuy Nguyen, Kimberly J. Johnson, Tran Minh Nhat, Didar Uddin, Caroline O. Buckee, Akhter ul Islam, Podjanee Jittamala, Mayfong Mayxay, Amir Hossain, Viengxay Vanisaveth, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Sanghamitra Satpathi, Aung Pyae Phyo, Amar Tripura, Nguyen Hoang Chau, Sónia Gonçalves, Khin Lin, Cheah Huch, Wellcome Sanger Institute [Hinxton, Royaume-Uni], Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Mahosot Hospital [Vientiane, Laos], Institute of Research and Education Development [Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic], University of Health Sciences [Vientiane, Laos] (UHS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Mahidol University [Bangkok], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology [Quy Nhon, Vietnam] (IMPE), Centre of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology [Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic] (CMPE), National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology [Hanoi], National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CNM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Chittagong Medical College Hospital [Chittagong, Bangladesh] (CMCH), World Health Organization [Geneva], Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology [Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam] (IMPE), Vysnova Partners Inc [Hanoi, Vietnam] (VPI), University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Royal Society of Thailand [Bangkok, Thailand], Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit [Yangon, Myanmar], The Department of Medical Research (Upper Myanmar), Defence Services Medical Research Centre [Naypyitaw, Myanmar] (DSMRC), Midnapore Medical College [Midnapur, India] (MMC), ispat general hospital [Rourkela, India] (IGH), Agartala Medical College [Agartala, India] (AMC), National Institute of Malaria Research [New Dehli, Inde] (NIMR), Indian Council of Medical Research [New Dehli] (ICMR), Ramu Upazila Health Complex [Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh] (RUHC), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network [Bangkok] (WWARN), WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Université de Washington Seattle-Université de Washington Seattle, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), University of Washington [Seattle]-University of Washington [Seattle], and Malbec, Odile
Author(s): Jacob, Christopher G; Thuy-Nhien, Nguyen; Mayxay, Mayfong; Maude, Richard J; Quang, Huynh Hong; Hongvanthong, Bouasy; Vanisaveth, Viengxay; Ngo Duc, Thang; Rekol, Huy; van der Pluijm, Rob; von Seidlein, Lorenz; Fairhurst, Rick; Nosten, Francois; Hossain, Md Amir; Park, Naomi; Goodwin, Scott; Ringwald, Pascal; Chindavongsa, Keobouphaphone; Newton, Paul; Ashley, Elizabeth; Phalivong, Sonexay; Maude, Rapeephan; Leang, Rithea; Huch, Cheah; Dong, Le Thanh; Nguyen, Kim-Tuyen; Nhat, Tran Minh; Hien, Tran Tinh; Nguyen, Hoa; Zdrojewski, Nicole; Canavati, Sara; Sayeed, Abdullah Abu; Uddin, Didar; Buckee, Caroline; Fanello, Caterina I; Onyamboko, Marie; Peto, Thomas; Tripura, Rupam; Amaratunga, Chanaki; Myint Thu, Aung; Delmas, Gilles; Landier, Jordi; Parker, Daniel M; Chau, Nguyen Hoang; Lek, Dysoley; Suon, Seila; Callery, James; Jittamala, Podjanee; Hanboonkunupakarn, Borimas; Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon; Phyo, Aung Pyae; Smithuis, Frank; Lin, Khin; Thant, Myo; Hlaing, Tin Maung; Satpathi, Parthasarathi; Satpathi, Sanghamitra; Behera, Prativa K; Tripura, Amar; Baidya, Subrata; Valecha, Neena; Anvikar, Anupkumar R; Ul Islam, Akhter; Faiz, Abul; Kunasol, Chanon; Drury, Eleanor; Kekre, Mihir; Ali, Mozam; Love, Katie; Rajatileka, Shavanthi; Jeffreys, Anna E; Rowlands, Kate; Hubbart, Christina S; Dhorda, Mehul; Vongpromek, Ranitha; Kotanan, Namfon; Wongnak, Phrutsamon; Almagro Garcia, Jacob; Pearson, Richard D; Ariani, Cristina V; Chookajorn, Thanat; Malangone, Cinzia; Nguyen, T; Stalker, Jim; Jeffery, Ben | Abstract: BackgroundNational Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integrating simple sample collection procedures in routine public health procedures.MethodsSamples from symptomatic patients are processed by SpotMalaria, a high-throughput system that produces a comprehensive set of genotypes comprising several drug resistance markers, species markers and a genomic barcode. GenRe-Mekong delivers Genetic Report Cards, a compendium of genotypes and phenotype predictions used to map prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs.ResultsGenRe-Mekong has worked with NMCPs and research projects in eight countries, processing 9623 samples from clinical cases. Monitoring resistance markers has been valuable for tracking the rapid spread of parasites resistant to the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine combination therapy. In Vietnam and Laos, GenRe-Mekong data have provided novel knowledge about the spread of these resistant strains into previously unaffected provinces, informing decision-making by NMCPs.ConclusionsGenRe-Mekong provides detailed knowledge about drug resistance at a local level, and facilitates data sharing at a regional level, enabling cross-border resistance monitoring and providing the public health community with valuable insights. The project provides a rich open data resource to benefit the entire malaria community.FundingThe GenRe-Mekong project is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP11188166, OPP1204268). Genotyping and sequencing were funded by the Wellcome Trust (098051, 206194, 203141, 090770, 204911, 106698/B/14/Z) and Medical Research Council (G0600718). A proportion of samples were collected with the support of the UK Department for International Development (201900, M006212), and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.