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1. La peste justinienne en Égypte

Author

Nicolas Morand

Subjects
Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

Between the 6th and 8th centuries AD, several episodes of bubonic plague struck the Mediterranean and European worlds. This pandemic is described in several ancient texts as the "Justinian plague". Research on these episodes has been developing significantly over the past few years with the discovery of cemeteries in link to the epidemic. DNA analyses carried out on human skeletons have made it possible to confirm the infection. They determine the genetic make-up of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis). But the research does not stop there, archaeozoology plays an important role in the knowledge about the spread of the plague. Indeed, black rats (Rattus rattus) are the main propagators of the plague through their infected fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis). Archaeological evidence of rats is therefore a means of tracing the spread of the animal. It is possible to cross-reference this data with textual sources and genetic studies. This article provides a synthesis of interdisciplinary research and the case of Egypt in the history of this zoonosis in the light of recent archaeozoological studies in Alexandria.

Published
2022
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2. Historical management of equine resources in France from the Iron Age to the Modern Period: a cross disciplinary approach

Author

Pierre Clavel, Jean Dumoncel, Clio Der Sarkissian, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Laure Calvière-Tonasso, Stephanie Schiavinato, Lorelei Chauvey, Aude Perdereau, Jean-Marc Aury, Patrick Wincker, Vedat Onar, Benoît Clavel, Sébastien Lepetz, José Braga, Xuexue Liu, Antoine Fages, Naveed Khan, Oscar Estrada, Duha Alioglu, Charleen Gaunitz, Maude Barme, Pierre Bodu, Monique Olive, Olivier Bignon-Lau, Jean-Christophe Castel, Myriam Boudadi-Maligne, Nicolas Boulbes, Alice Bourgois, Franck Decanter, Sylvain Foucras, Stéphane Frère, Armelle Gardeisen, Gaëtan Jouanin, Charlotte Méla, Nicolas Morand, Ariadna Nieto Espinet, Olivier Putelat, Julie Rivière, Opale Robin, Marilyne Salin, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Christian Vallet, Jean-Hervé Yvinec, and Ludovic Orlando

Subjects
History of Civilization, CB3-482
Published
2021
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4. Active Nanofibrous Membrane Effects on Gingival Cell Inflammatory Response

Author

David-Nicolas Morand, Olivier Huck, Laetitia Keller, Nadia Jessel, Henri Tenenbaum, and Jean-Luc Davideau

Subjects
anti-inflammatory agents, lipopolysaccharides, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, polycaprolactone, cytokines, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is involved in normal skin wound healing and also has anti-inflammatory properties. The association of α-MSH to polyelectrolyte layers with various supports has been shown to improve these anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nanofibrous membrane functionalized with α-MSH linked to polyelectrolyte layers on gingival cell inflammatory response. Human oral epithelial cells (EC) and fibroblasts (FB) were cultured on plastic or electrospun Poly-#-caprolactone (PCL) membranes with α-MSH covalently coupled to Poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA-α-MSH), for 6 to 24 h. Cells were incubated with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS). Cell proliferation and migration were determined using AlamarBlue test and scratch assay. Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was evaluated using RT-qPCR method. Cell cultures on plastic showed that PGA-α-MSH reduced EC and FB migration and decreased IL-6 and TGF-β expression in Pg-LPS stimulated EC. PGA-α-MSH functionalized PCL membranes reduced proliferation of Pg-LPS stimulated EC and FB. A significant decrease of IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β expression was also observed in Pg-LPS stimulated EC and FB. This study showed that the functionalization of nanofibrous PCL membranes efficiently amplified the anti-inflammatory effect of PGA-α-MSH on gingival cells.

Published
2015
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5. Bouto (2021)

Author

Pascale Ballet, Loïc Mazou, Mennat-Allah El Dorry, Armance Dupont-Delaleuf, Patrice Georges-Zimmermann, Guy Lecuyot, Nicolas Morand, and Mikaël Pesenti

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Published
2022

6. Taposiris Magna et Plinthine (2021)

Author

Bérangère Redon, Marie-Françoise Boussac, Maël Crépy, Louis Dautais, Sylvain Dhennin, Paul François, Joachim Le Bomin, Julie Marchand, Séverine Marchi, Nicolas Morand, Mikaël Pesenti, Alexandre Rabot, and Matthieu Vanpeene

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Published
2022

7. Sex in the city: Uncovering sex-specific management of equine resources from prehistoric times to the Modern Period in France

Author

Benoît Clavel, Sébastien Lepetz, Lorelei Chauvey, Stéphanie Schiavinato, Laure Tonasso-Calvière, Xuexue Liu, Antoine Fages, Naveed Khan, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Clio Der Sarkissian, Pierre Clavel, Oscar Estrada, Duha Alioğlu, Charleen Gaunitz, Jean-Marc Aury, Maude Barme, Pierre Bodu, Monique Olive, Olivier Bignon-Lau, Jean-Christophe Castel, Myriam Boudadi-Maligne, Nicolas Boulbes, Alice Bourgois, Franck Decanter, Sylvain Foucras, Stéphane Frère, Armelle Gardeisen, Gaëtan Jouanin, Charlotte Méla, Nicolas Morand, Ariadna Nieto Espinet, Aude Perdereau, Olivier Putelat, Julie Rivière, Opale Robin, Marilyne Salin, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Christian Vallet, Jean-Hervé Yvinec, Patrick Wincker, Ludovic Orlando, Ethnologie préhistorique, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes Préhistoriques (TEMPS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l'Oise (CRAVO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum d'Histoire Naturelle [Genève] (MHN), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Direction Archéologie et Muséum de la ville d'Aix-en-Provence, Centre Technique Municipal RTE des Milles Aix-en-Provence, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institución Milá y Fontanals de investigación en Humanidades (IMF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), European Project: 681605,PEGASUS, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Arqueologı'a y Antropologı'a, Istitucio' Mila' i Fontanals, (IMF CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas (IMF-CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Research Council, France Génomique, Université de Toulouse, Villum Fonden, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France)

Subjects
Archeology, Ancient DNA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Iron age, City, Breeding, Horse, Middle ages, Roman period, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Donkey, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Husbandry, Hunting, Mule, Archaeozoology
Abstract

Sex identification from fragmentary archeozoological assemblages is particularly challenging in the Equid family, including for horses, donkeys and their hybrids. This limitation has precluded in-depth investigations of sex-ratio variation in various temporal, geographic and social contexts. Recently, shallow DNA sequencing has offered an economical solution to equine sex determination, even in environments where DNA preservation conditions is not optimal. In this study, we applied state-of-the-art methods in ancient DNA-based equine sex determination to 897 osseous remains in order to assess whether equal proportions of males and females could be found in a range of archeological contexts in France. We found Magdalenian horse hunt not focused on isolated bachelors, and Upper Paleolithic habitats and natural traps equally balancing sex ratios. In contrast, Iron Age sacrificial rituals appeared to have been preferentially oriented to male horses and this practice extended into the Roman Period. During Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Modern Period, cities emerged as environments largely dominated by horse males. This strong sex-bias was considerably reduced, and sometimes even absent, in various rural contexts. Combined with previous archaeozoological work and textual evidence, our results portray an urban economy fueled by adult, often old, males, and rural environments where females and subadults of both sexes were maintained to sustain production demands., We thank Agnès Orsoni, Michela Leonardi, and Stefanie Wagner for lab assistance and all members of the AGES research team at CAGT for fruitful discussions. We also thank all archaeologists, curators and staff in charge of archaeological warehouses, who have facilitated access to the material analyzed in this study. Pierre Clavel’s PhD position is funded by the CNRS MITI interdisciplinary programme (‘Mission pour les Initiatives Transverses et Interdisciplinaires’). Xuexue Liu was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and Innovation pro- gramme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 101027750. This work was supported by the France G ́enomique Appel `a Grand Projet (ANR-10-INBS-09-08, BUCEPHALE project); the Initiative d’Excellence Chaires d’attractivit ́e, Universit ́e de Toulouse (OURASI) and the Villum Fonden miGENEPI research project. Andaine Seguin- Orlando acknowledges IAST for funding from ANR (France) under grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (‘Investissements d’Avenir’ programme). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 681605).

Published
2022

8. Porphyromonas gingivalis Differentially Modulates Cell Death Profile in Ox-LDL and TNF-α Pre-Treated Endothelial Cells.

Author

Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno, Yacine Khelif, Narendra Seelam, David-Nicolas Morand, Henri Tenenbaum, Jean-Luc Davideau, and Olivier Huck

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:Clinical studies demonstrated a potential link between atherosclerosis and periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the main periodontal pathogen, has been associated to atheromatous plaque worsening. However, synergism between infection and other endothelial stressors such as oxidized-LDL or TNF-α especially on endothelial cell (EC) death has not been investigated. This study aims to assess the role of Pg on EC death in an inflammatory context and to determine potential molecular pathways involved. METHODS:Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) were infected with Pg (MOI 100) or stimulated by its lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) (1μg/ml) for 24 to 48 hours. Cell viability was measured with AlamarBlue test, type of cell death induced was assessed using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. mRNA expression regarding caspase-1, -3, -9, Bcl-2, Bax-1 and Apaf-1 has been evaluated with RT-qPCR. Caspases enzymatic activity and concentration of APAF-1 protein were evaluated to confirm mRNA results. RESULTS:Pg infection and Pg-LPS stimulation induced EC death. A cumulative effect has been observed in Ox-LDL pre-treated ECs infected or stimulated. This effect was not observed in TNF-α pre-treated cells. Pg infection promotes EC necrosis, however, in infected Ox-LDL pre-treated ECs, apoptosis was promoted. This effect was not observed in TNF-α pre-treated cells highlighting specificity of molecular pathways activated. Regarding mRNA expression, Pg increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes including caspases-1,-3,-9, Bax-1 and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. In Ox-LDL pre-treated ECs, Pg increased significantly the expression of Apaf-1. These results were confirmed at the protein level. CONCLUSION:This study contributes to demonstrate that Pg and its Pg-LPS could exacerbate Ox-LDL and TNF-α induced endothelial injury through increase of EC death. Interestingly, molecular pathways are differentially modulated by the infection in function of the pre-stimulation.

Published
2016
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9. Historical management of equine resources in France from the Iron Age to the Modern Period: a cross disciplinary approach

Author

Pierre Clavel, Jean Dumoncel, Clio Der Sarkissian, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Laure Calvière-Tonasso, Stephanie Schiavinato, Lorelei Chauvey, Aude Perdereau, Jean-Marc Aury, Patrick Wincker, Vedat Onar, Benoît Clavel, Sébastien Lepetz, José Braga, Xuexue Liu, Antoine Fages, Naveed Khan, Oscar Estrada, Duha Alioglu, Charleen Gaunitz, Maude Barme, Pierre Bodu, Monique Olive, Olivier Bignon-Lau, Jean-Christophe Castel, Myriam Boudadi-Maligne, Nicolas Boulbes, Alice Bourgois, Franck Decanter, Sylvain Foucras, Stéphane Frère, Armelle Gardeisen, Gaëtan Jouanin, Charlotte Méla, Nicolas Morand, Ariadna Nieto Espinet, Olivier Putelat, Julie Rivière, Opale Robin, Marilyne Salin, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Christian Vallet, Jean-Hervé Yvinec, and Ludovic Orlando

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Archeology, Anthropology
Abstract

Donkeys, horses and their mule hybrids have had a far-reaching impact on human history since they have been domesticated several millennia ago. These animals have indeed provided many economic, social and cultural resources that fueled both agricultural and economic development, war making and cultural exchange. Gaining a full understanding of the respective contributions of the different equine species to past societies remains, however, difficult due to limitations in our capacity to proper...

Published
2022

10. Historical management of equine resources in France from the Iron Age to the Modern Period

Author

Ludovic Orlando, Patrick Wincker, Julie Rivière, Nicolas Boulbes, Franck Decanter, Clio Der Sarkissian, Charleen Gaunitz, Naveed Khan, Jean-Marc Aury, Stéphane Frère, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Maude Barme, Nicolas Morand, Sébastien Lepetz, Aude Perdereau, Charlotte Méla, Xuexue Liu, Duha Alioglu, Ariadna Nieto Espinet, Gaëtan Jouanin, Lorelei Chauvey, Laure Tonasso-Calvière, Christian Vallet, Jean-Hervé Yvinec, Olivier Putelat, Pierre Clavel, Marilyne Salin, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Armelle Gardeisen, Oscar Estrada, Sylvain Foucras, Antoine Fages, Opale Robin, Benoît Clavel, Alice Bourgois, Stéphanie Schiavinato, European Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Université de Toulouse, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l'Oise (CRAVO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Direction Archéologie et Muséum de la ville d'Aix-en-Provence, Centre Technique Municipal RTE des Milles Aix-en-Provence, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University (AWKU), Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archeodunum S.A. : investigations archéologiques, Institución Milá y Fontanals de investigación en Humanidades (IMF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie d'Alsace, Service archéologique de Chartres, Service archéologique de la ville de Bourges, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Distribution (economics), Breeding, Horse, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Late Antiquity, biology.animal, Donkey, Middle Ages, Hinny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Archaeozoology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ancient DNA, business.industry, Roman Period, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Iron Age, Husbandry, Ethnology, Identification (biology), Equidae, business, Mule
Abstract

Alongside horses, donkeys and their first-generation hybrids represent members of the Equidae family known for their social, economic and symbolic importance in protohistoric and historical France. However, their relative importance and their respective roles in different regions and time periods are difficult to assess based on textual, iconographic and archaeological evidence. This is both due to incomplete, partial and scattered historical sources and difficulties to accurately assign fragmentary archaeological remains at the proper taxonomic level. DNA- based methods, however, allow for a robust identification of the taxonomic status of ancient equine osseous material from minimal sequence data. Here, we leveraged shallow ancient DNA sequencing and the dedicated Zonkey computational pipeline to obtain the first baseline distribution for horses, mules and donkeys in France from the Iron Age to the Modern period. Our collection includes a total of 873 ancient specimens spanning 128 sites and comprising 717 horses, 100 donkeys, 55 mules and a single hinny individual. While horses were ubiquitous and the most dominant species identified, our dataset reveals the importance of mule breeding during Roman times, especially between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE (Common Era), where they represented between 20.0% and 34.2% of equine assemblages. In contrast, donkeys were almost absent from northern France as- semblages during the whole Roman period, but replaced mules in rural and urban commercial and economic centers from the early Middle Ages. Our work also identified donkeys of exceptional size during Late Antiquity, which calls for a deep reassessment of the true morphological space of past equine species. This study confirmed the general preference toward horses throughout all time periods investigated but revealed dynamic manage- ment strategies leveraging the whole breadth of equine resources in various social, geographic and temporal contexts., Pierre Clavel’s PhD position is funded by the CNRS MITI interdisciplinary programme (Mission pour les Initiatives Transverses et Interdisciplinaires). Xuexue Liu was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 101027750. Andaine Seguin-Orlando acknowledges IAST for funding from ANR under grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d’Avenir programme). This work was supported by the France G ́enomique Appel `a Grand Projet (ANR-10-INBS-09-08, BUCEPHALE project); the Initiative d’Excellence Chaires d’attractivit ́e, Universit ́e de Toulouse (OURASI) and the Villum Fonden miGENEPI research project. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 681605)

Published
2021

11. Modification of poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) via free‐radical grafting and its photo‐crosslinking

Author

Jean-Jacques Robin, Marcos Batistella, Thomas Brossier, Arnaud Regazzi, Sébastien Blanquer, Nicolas Morand, J.M. Lopez-Cuesta, Agnès Harlay, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH - IMT Mines Alès), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ARMOR, Durabilité des éco-Matériaux et Structures (DMS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES)

Subjects
thermoplastic elastomers, Ethylene, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene 1, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Styrene, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Polymer chemistry, Photo crosslinking, Materials Chemistry, Thermoplastic elastomer, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Grafting, 0104 chemical sciences, photo-crosslinking, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, 2-epoxide, free-radical grafting, poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) SEBS
Abstract

International audience; Poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS) is functionalized via radical grafting with 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene 1,2-epoxide (VCHO) initiated using 2,5-Bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane. The existence of the epoxide group on the SEBS backbone is evidenced by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. A size exclusion chromatography (SEC) study reveals some chain coupling, and this phenomenon is limited by controlling the quantities of peroxide and monomer reagents used during the radical grafting. Photo-crosslinking of SEBS-g-VCHO under ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of a cationic initiator is then successfully performed with resultant gel contents higher than 85%. Mechanical properties of SEBS and crosslinked materials are measured by tensile tests on thin films. On the one hand, those tests reveal a significant increase of Young's modulus of the crosslinked materials. On the other hand, the diminution of elongation at break is much more limited; crosslinked materials retain their elastomeric properties with an elongation at break greater than 200%. Finally, the photosensitive SEBS-g-VCHO is used to show the adhesion performance of the photo-crosslinking coating as well as a resin for the stereolithography process.

Published
2021

12. Synthesis of a Novel Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffold Functionalized with Ibuprofen for Periodontal Regeneration: An In Vitro andIn Vivo Study

Author

Fareeha Batool, David-Nicolas Morand, Lionel Thomas, Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno, Javier Aragon, Silvia Irusta, Laetitia Keller, Nadia Benkirane-Jessel, Henri Tenenbaum, and Olivier Huck

Subjects
regeneration, periodontitis, membrane, GTR, NSAIDs, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

Ibuprofen (IBU) has been shown to improve periodontal treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a new anti-inflammatory scaffold by functionalizing an electrospun nanofibrous poly-ε-caprolactone membrane with IBU (IBU-PCL) and to evaluate its impact on periodontal inflammation, wound healing and regeneration in vitro and in vivo. IBU-PCL was synthesized through electrospinning. The effects of IBU-PCL on the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells (EC) and fibroblasts (FB) exposed to Porphyromonas gingivlais lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) were evaluated through the AlamarBlue test and scratch assay, respectively. Anti-inflammatory and remodeling properties were investigated through Real time qPCR. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of the IBU-PCL membrane was assessed in an experimental periodontitis mouse model through histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of IBU on gingival cells were effectively amplified using the functionalized membrane. IBU-PCL reduced the proliferation and migration of cells challenged by Pg-LPS, as well as the expression of fibronectin-1, collagen-IV, integrin α3β1 and laminin-5. In vivo, the membranes significantly improved the clinical attachment and IBU-PCL also reduced inflammation-induced bone destruction. These data showed that the IBU-PCL membrane could efficiently and differentially control inflammatory and migratory gingival cell responses and potentially promote periodontal regeneration.

Published
2018
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13. The exploitation of molluscs and other invertebrates in Alexandria (Egypt) from the Hellenistic period to Late antiquity

Author

Nicolas Morand, Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l'Oise (CRAVO), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Alexandrie (Egypte), Hellenistic period, Context (language use), Consumption (sociology), Late Antiquity, Mediterranean sea, époque hellénistique, archéomalacologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Taxonomy, Invertebrate, corail, alimentation, mollusques, Excavation, Biodiversity, Archaeology, commerce, Basse Egypte, Antiquité tardive, Geography, nacre, Aquatic environment, Anthropology, Mer Méditerranée, Animal Science and Zoology, Mer Rouge
Abstract

A number of archaeological salvage excavations conducted in Alexandria (Lower Egypt) by the Centre d'Etudes alexandrines have provided a corpus of around 2000 fragments of marine, freshwater and terrestrial invertebrates. These archeomalacological remains come from several occupation layers of the same district within the town, the Brucheion, dating from the end of the 4th century BC until the 6th century AD. After macroscopic observations and through a binocular microscope, the analysis of the malacofauna vestiges has provided previously unknown information regarding the exploitation of the aquatic environment by Alexandrians during antiquity. In addition, some residues of mineral material preserved on the shells have been analysed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This study sheds light on both consumption choices and on the variety of uses for shells (container, decoration, raw material) within the Alexandrian domestic context. Certain species from the Red Sea and the Western Mediterranean Sea provide new data on the movement of products of marine origin within Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt.

Published
2020

16. Systemic Application of Anti-inflammatory Agents in Periodontal Treatment

Author

Henri Tenenbaum, Kevimy Agossa, Olivier Huck, David-Nicolas Morand, and Jean-Luc Davideau

Subjects
Periodontal treatment, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, business, Anti-inflammatory, General Environmental Science
Published
2016

17. Synthesis of a Novel Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffold Functionalized with Ibuprofen for Periodontal Regeneration: An In Vitro andIn Vivo Study

Author

Laetitia Keller, David-Nicolas Morand, Javier Aragón, Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno, Nadia Benkirane-Jessel, Henri Tenenbaum, Lionel Thomas, Silvia Irusta, Olivier Huck, Fareeha Batool, Regenerative NanoMedicine (UMR 1260), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Faculté de chirurgie dentaire - Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Département de Radiobiologie, Hadronthérapie et Imagerie Moléculaire (DRHIM-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of chemical engineering INA University of Zaragoza, Hopitaux universitaires de Strasbourg Pole de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Gaillard, Brigitte, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharide, NSAIDs, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Cell, Integrin, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine, General Materials Science, lcsh:Microscopy, periodontitis, membrane, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:QC120-168.85, Periodontitis, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], lcsh:QH201-278.5, biology, lcsh:T, Regeneration (biology), technology, industry, and agriculture, 030206 dentistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, In vitro, Cell biology, regeneration, GTR, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, biology.protein, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 0210 nano-technology, Wound healing, lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract

Ibuprofen (IBU) has been shown to improve periodontal treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a new anti-inflammatory scaffold by functionalizing an electrospun nanofibrous poly-ε-caprolactone membrane with IBU (IBU-PCL) and to evaluate its impact on periodontal inflammation, wound healing and regeneration in vitro and in vivo. IBU-PCL was synthesized through electrospinning. The effects of IBU-PCL on the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells (EC) and fibroblasts (FB) exposed to Porphyromonas gingivlais lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) were evaluated through the AlamarBlue test and scratch assay, respectively. Anti-inflammatory and remodeling properties were investigated through Real time qPCR. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of the IBU-PCL membrane was assessed in an experimental periodontitis mouse model through histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of IBU on gingival cells were effectively amplified using the functionalized membrane. IBU-PCL reduced the proliferation and migration of cells challenged by Pg-LPS, as well as the expression of fibronectin-1, collagen-IV, integrin α3β1 and laminin-5. In vivo, the membranes significantly improved the clinical attachment and IBU-PCL also reduced inflammation-induced bone destruction. These data showed that the IBU-PCL membrane could efficiently and differentially control inflammatory and migratory gingival cell responses and potentially promote periodontal regeneration.

Published
2018
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18. High frequency of Nichols-like strains and increased levels of macrolide resistance in Treponema pallidum in clinical samples from Buenos Aires, Argentina

Author

Nicolas Morando, Eliška Vrbová, Asunta Melgar, Roberto Daniel Rabinovich, David Šmajs, and María A. Pando

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Globally, 94% of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA) clinical strains belong to the SS14-like group and 6% to the Nichols-like group, with a prevalence of macrolide resistance of 90%. Our goal was to determine whether local TPA strain distribution and macrolide resistance frequency have changed significantly since our last report, which revealed that Buenos Aires had a high frequency of Nichols-like strains (27%) and low levels of macrolide resistance (14%). Swab samples from patients with suspected syphilis were collected during 2015–2019 and loci TP0136, TP0548, TP0705 were sequenced in order to perform multilocus sequence typing. Strains were classified as Nichols-like or SS14-like. The presence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations was determined by examination of the 23S rDNA gene sequence. Of 46 typeable samples, 37% were classified as Nichols-like and 63% as SS14-like. Macrolide resistance prevalence was 45.7%. Seven allelic profiles were found, five were SS14-like and two were Nichols-like. The frequency of Nichols-like strains increased between studies (26.8% vs. 37%, p = 0.36). A dramatic increase was found in the frequency of macrolide resistant strains between studies (14.3% vs. 45.7%, p = 0.005). Our results are in agreement with international trends and underscore the need to pursue further TPA molecular typing studies in South America.

Published
2022
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19. Porphyromonas gingivalis Differentially Modulates Cell Death Profile in Ox-LDL and TNF-α Pre-Treated Endothelial Cells

Author

Olivier Huck, Jean-Luc Davideau, Henri Tenenbaum, Narendra Seelam, David-Nicolas Morand, Yacine Khelif, and Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Lipopolysaccharides, Aucun, lcsh:Medicine, Gene Expression, Apoptosis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vascular Medicine, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Fluorescence Microscopy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Bacteroidaceae Infections, lcsh:Science, Immune Response, Cells, Cultured, bcl-2-Associated X Protein, Staining, Microscopy, Multidisciplinary, biology, Cell Death, Caspase 3, Caspase 1, Cell Staining, Light Microscopy, Caspase 9, Endothelial stem cell, Lipoproteins, LDL, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Cell Processes, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Research Article, Programmed cell death, Imaging Techniques, Cell Survival, Immunology, Research and Analysis Methods, Necrotic Cell Death, 03 medical and health sciences, Bcl-2-associated X protein, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, Fluorescence Imaging, Genetics, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, Propidium iodide, Viability assay, Periodontitis, Inflammation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Atherosclerosis, Molecular biology, 030104 developmental biology, Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1, chemistry, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, biology.protein, lcsh:Q
Abstract

Objective Clinical studies demonstrated a potential link between atherosclerosis and periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the main periodontal pathogen, has been associated to atheromatous plaque worsening. However, synergism between infection and other endothelial stressors such as oxidized-LDL or TNF-α especially on endothelial cell (EC) death has not been investigated. This study aims to assess the role of Pg on EC death in an inflammatory context and to determine potential molecular pathways involved. Methods Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) were infected with Pg (MOI 100) or stimulated by its lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) (1μg/ml) for 24 to 48 hours. Cell viability was measured with AlamarBlue test, type of cell death induced was assessed using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. mRNA expression regarding caspase-1, -3, -9, Bcl-2, Bax-1 and Apaf-1 has been evaluated with RT-qPCR. Caspases enzymatic activity and concentration of APAF-1 protein were evaluated to confirm mRNA results. Results Pg infection and Pg-LPS stimulation induced EC death. A cumulative effect has been observed in Ox-LDL pre-treated ECs infected or stimulated. This effect was not observed in TNF-α pre-treated cells. Pg infection promotes EC necrosis, however, in infected Ox-LDL pre-treated ECs, apoptosis was promoted. This effect was not observed in TNF-α pre-treated cells highlighting specificity of molecular pathways activated. Regarding mRNA expression, Pg increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes including caspases-1,-3,-9, Bax-1 and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. In Ox-LDL pre-treated ECs, Pg increased significantly the expression of Apaf-1. These results were confirmed at the protein level. Conclusion This study contributes to demonstrate that Pg and its Pg-LPS could exacerbate Ox-LDL and TNF-α induced endothelial injury through increase of EC death. Interestingly, molecular pathways are differentially modulated by the infection in function of the pre-stimulation.

Published
2016

20. Active implant combining human stem cell microtissues and growth factors for bone-regenerative nanomedicine

Author

Nadia Benkirane-Jessel, Laetitia Keller, Jean Christophe Lutz, Didier Mainard, Jessica Schiavi, Natalia de Isla, Pascale Schwinté, Olivier Huck, David-Nicolas Morand, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etude des Civilisations de l'Antiquité (UMR 7044), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomatériaux et ingénierie tissulaire, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Hôpital Central, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique (UMR7561 CNRS), Inconnu, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7, Nanofibers, Medicine (miscellaneous), Regenerative Medicine, Regenerative medicine, MESH: Tissue Engineering, MESH: Cellular Microenvironment, Human mesenchymal stem cells, MESH: Bone Regeneration, Mice, BMP-7, Tissue engineering, bone regeneration, Osteogenesis, MESH: Collagen, MESH: Tissue Scaffolds, General Materials Science, MESH: Animals, MESH: Osteogenesis, Bone growth, Tissue Scaffolds, Cell Differentiation, Anatomy, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Cell biology, Bone morphogenetic protein 7, Nanomedicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cellular Microenvironment, Collagen, Stem cell, MESH: Cell Differentiation, Materials science, Biomedical Engineering, Mice, Nude, Microtissues, Bioengineering, MESH: Bone Substitutes, Development, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, medicine, MESH: Mice, Nude, Animals, Humans, MESH: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Bone regeneration, MESH: Mice, MESH: Humans, Tissue Engineering, Collagen nanofibers implant, Mesenchymal stem cell, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Regenerative nanomedicine, MESH: Nanofibers, MESH: Male, MESH: Nanomedicine, MESH: Regenerative Medicine, Bone Substitutes, Bone marrow, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult bone marrow provide an exciting and promising stem cell population for the repair of bone in skeletal diseases. Here, we describe a new generation of collagen nanofiber implant functionalized with growth factor BMP-7 nanoreservoirs and equipped with human MSC microtissues (MTs) for regenerative nanomedicine. Materials & methods: By using a 3D nanofibrous collagen membrane and by adding MTs rather than single cells, we optimize the microenvironment for cell colonization, differentiation and growth. Results & conclusion: Furthermore, in this study, we have shown that by combining BMP-7 with these MSC MTs in this double 3D environment, we further accelerate bone growth in vivo. The strategy described here should enhance the efficiency of therapeutic implants compared with current simplistic approaches used in the clinic today based on collagen implants soaked in bone morphogenic proteins.

Published
2015

21. Le Chemin aux Errants, Zone C, Val-de-Reuil, (Eure) : rapport de fouille

Author

Yves-Marie Adrian, Gisèle Allenet de Ribemont, Sylvain Bauvais, Miguel Biard, Céline Bemilli, Julien Boislève, Benoît Clavel, Sylvie Coubray, Céline Coussot, Marie Derreumaux, Anne Dietrich, Yvon Dréano, Marine Drieu, Yves Gallet, Alain Giosa, Salomé Granai, Pauline Hanot, Gaëtan Jouanin, Luc Leconte, Maxime Legoff, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Philippe Lorquet, Fabienne Médard, Nicolas Morand, Pauline Petit, Fabien Pilon, Frédéric Riviere, Opale Robin, Quentin Sueur, Nicolas Warmé, Jean- Hervé Yvinec, Véronique Zech-Matterne, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l'Oise (CRAVO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ausonius-Institut de recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen âge, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géomagnétisme et paléomagnétisme et géophysique de surface, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etude des Civilisations de l'Antiquité (UMR 7044), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Centre Michel de Boüard - Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales (CRAHAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Archéologie de la Gaule : structures économiques et sociales (GAMA), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cellule départementale d'archéologie du Lot, Conseil général du Lot, Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Inrap Centre-Île-de-France, SRA Ile de France, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Néolithique final, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Hallstatt, outil, bâtiment agricole, sépulture, industrie lithique, faune, La Tène, parcellaire, hydraulique, Haut-Empire, Antiquité romaine, Haut Moyen Age, Age du bronze, Val-de-Reuil, Bas-Empire, sculpture, tuile, peinture, habitat rural, artisanat, verre, habillement, monnaie, objet métallique, industrie osseuse, Néolithique moyen, villa
Abstract

L’opération archéologique de la « zone C » est la troisième fouille réalisée au sein de la carrière CEMEX de Val-de-Reuil. Ses résultats sont parfaitement complémentaires des deux autres, conduites par Dagmar Lukas (Inrap, zone A) et Clément Moreau (Archéodunum, zone B).Sur la zone C, les plus anciens vestiges remontent au Néolithique et se matérialisent par au moins une sépulture située au nord de l’emprise, ainsi que par du mobilier lithique épars et souvent résiduel dans les contextes postérieurs. Quelques inhumations et une incinération semblent ensuite assurer une sorte de continuité de fréquentation jusqu’à l’âge du Bronze, comme le montrent aussi quelques éléments mobiliers assez dispersés.Il faut attendre le premier âge du Fer pour voir une occupation structurée se mettre en place au sein de l’emprise. Celle-ci se matérialise par des vestiges nombreux et variés correspondant à un habitat ouvert, mais sans doute accompagné d’une large enceinte palissadée curviligne dotée de plusieurs petites entrées. Cette phase d’occupation s’accompagne d’une abondante culture matérielle, principalement céramique, qui fournit un éclairage important sur la période du Hallstatt D dans la région.Il ne semble y avoir aucune véritable occupation entre la période hallstattienne et la fin de l’indépendance gauloise qui voit la création d’un petit enclos accompagné de quelques fossés parcellaires plus ou moins datés. Au regard de l’indigence du mobilier comme des structures fossoyées, il est manifeste qu’il ne s’agit pas du siège d’une exploitation agricole mais d’un ensemble à vocation agro-pastoral qui est sans doute associé à l’habitat étudié un peu plus au sud, sur la « zone B ».Cet enclos modeste sert quoi qu’il en soit de cadre à une première occupation antique relativement restreinte, au cours du Ier siècle de notre ère. Elle se caractérise surtout par la présence d’un petit bâtiment avec cave construite « en dur ». Les artefacts comme les écofacts relatifs à cette période sont relativement abondants et surtout de bonne qualité, montrant un statut d’ores et déjà assez aisé.Au cours du IIe siècle de notre ère, un ensemble monumental assez complexe succède à cette première occupation. Il comprend un grand bâtiment d’habitation d’environ 1600 m2 au sol orienté vers l’est, accompagné de plusieurs bâtiments aux fonctions plus ou moins établies, tous disposés à l’intérieur d’une vaste cour enclose de murs d’au moins 1,4 ha (la partie orientale manque). La forme particulièrement étroite du complexe bâti et enclos est notoire.Outre une forme en « U » assez originale, le bâtiment résidentiel présente la particularité d’avoir un grand bassin en façade (plus de 38 m de long pour environ 5 m de large), barrant presque complètement l’accès principal à la résidence. Malgré son état de conservation très médiocre, du à d’importantes récupérations de matériaux, sans doute pendant plusieurs siècles, ce bâtiment a livré certaines informations sur son équipement intérieur (balnéaire, espaces de circulation, etc..), ainsi que son decorum (enduits peints, placages divers, lapidaire d’ornement).A l’extérieur de l’enceinte, deux bâtiments agricoles à la fonction très différente (un grenier et un bâtiment de stabulation), participent à la structuration et à la composition de l’établissement.Ils sont disposés selon un axe nord/sud parfaitement cohérent avec celui régissant le coeur du domaine. La culture matérielle associée à cette phase d’occupation est riche et variée, intégrant de nombreux artefacts et écofacts de qualité. Elle révèle en particulier une riche alimentation, proche de celle des milieux urbains aisés, dont le mobilier métallique témoigne également.Cet ensemble commence à être démantelé dès les premières décennies du IIIe siècle mais sert pourtant ensuite de siège à un habitat tardo antique (IVe – milieu Ve s.) probablement lui aussi de statut supérieur, comme le montrent de nombreux vestiges mobiliers de qualité (objets métalliques, restes alimentaires, céramique et vitres).Après quelques décennies de latence, une nouvelle occupation s’installe au cours de la première moitié du VIe siècle. Elle présente un tout autre visage que la précédente car elle n’est composée que par des aménagements et architectures modestes de bois et matériaux périssables. Son organisation est régie par un chemin traversant l’habitat du nord au sud. Resté limité au cours du VIe siècle, l’habitat se développe sensiblement au cours du VIIe puis du VIIIe siècle, réinvestissant complètement les espaces bâtis antiques, tous désaffectés, à l’exception notoire d’un des deux bâtiments agricoles, un grenier massif, qui semble toujours marquer le paysage et va ainsi fixer l’installation d’un cimetière communautaire au coeur de l’habitat, à partir du VIIe s. Fouillé en intégralité, ce dernier comprend plus de 230 sépultures s’échelonnant entre la deuxième partie de la période mérovingienne et toute la période carolingienne. Cet ensemble funéraire est accompagné d’une quinzaine de sépultures dispersées, plus ou moins intégrées ou au contraire séparées des noyaux d’habitat contemporains.La culture matérielle de cet habitat alto médiéval est plus modeste que celle relative à l’Antiquité, mais elle intègre toutefois des mobiliers variés et nombreux, souvent bien conservés, permettant des approches multiples (activités, consommation, échanges) qui contribuent à la connaissance de cette période tout en permettant, entre autres, de replacer le site dans un contexte local (fond de vallée) et régional élargi.Après sa désaffection complète vers la fin du Xe siècle, le site semble connaître quelques siècles (?) s ans aucune manifestation humaine perceptible. Puis, un parcellaire médiéval en forme de lanières, daté par quelques artefacts des XIIIe voire XIVe s., accompagne la (re)mise en culture de ce secteur durant cette période. Ce parcellaire possède la même orientation que le chemin altomédiéval, tout en lui étant superposé, et cette orientation annonce directement celle du chemin « aux Errants » traversant l’emprise juste avant la fouille, et qui était jusqu’au milieu du XXe siècle l’un des seuls axes de circulation reliant les villages de Léry et de Tournedos.

Published
2015

22. Improvement of a turbocharger by-pass valve and impact on performance, controllability, noise and durability

Author

Lionel Toussaint, D. Vlachy, P. Davies, M. Zatko, M. Marques, Chris Groves, Nicolas Morand, R. Mrazek, and F. Tomanec

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Control (management), ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Control engineering, Mechatronics, Diesel engine, Durability, Automotive engineering, Controllability, Noise, Gasoline, business, Turbocharger
Abstract

Over the past years, the evolution of emission standards as well as the advent of Fuel economy targets has driven the need for higher controllability of boost pressure. This is a strong trend, which will continue to be true for both gasoline and diesel engine applications as we prepare for further evolutions of standards and introduction of fuel economy regulations. While engine boundary conditions have become harsher, fine, accurate and sustainable control of boost is challenging the way mechatronics components are engineered. This requires us to apply a System Engineering approach and improve our understanding of the behaviour of the entire control chain so that we can ultimately influence the design and drive performance at the System level.

Published
2014

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