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1. Ecological quality assessment: A framework to report ecosystems quality and their dynamics from reference conditions

Author

Anthony Sturbois, Miquel De Cáceres, Aline Bifolchi, Frédéric Bioret, Aurélien Boyé, Olivier Gauthier, Jacques Grall, Antoine Grémare, Céline Labrune, Alexandre Robert, Gauthier Schaal, and Nicolas Desroy

Subjects
BACI, ecological dynamic regime, ecological quality status, ecological trajectory analysis, experimental design, impact studies, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Worldwide, ecosystems are suffering important taxonomic and functional modifications in response to anthropogenic disturbances, operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Awareness on biodiversity losses has led to the adoption of conservation policies and the development of programs devoted to the conservation and the restoration of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. The assessment of the ecological health of ecosystems requires measuring and characterizing restoration or degradation dynamics and their consequences on the ecological quality with respect to reference conditions defined pragmatically as conservation targets. Methodological innovations, in terms of data collection, analysis, and visualization, have an important influence on the ability of ecologists to understand biodiversity changes. The assessment of the quality of ecosystems with respect to reference conditions requires to address, notably, three main challenges: the definition of reference conditions, the assessment of the degree of achievement of conservation objectives, and the qualitative and quantitative characterization of recovering and departing patterns. We propose here the ecological quality assessment (EQA) framework as a data‐driven approach to track ecological quality focusing on the distance of the tested stations with respect to a chosen reference envelope using fuzzy logic and trajectory analysis. We take advantage of those analytical tools to propose a general and flexible multivariate framework by quantifying the achievement of reference conditions, measuring restoration and degradation dynamics when temporal series are available, and representing and synthesizing this information. To take into account the natural spatiotemporal variability of sites considered as reference, we gave two variants to our framework: a state‐based variant when no temporal replications are available and a trajectory‐based variant specially devoted to compare whole trajectories to a trajectory reference envelope defined by a set of reference trajectories. These two complementary approaches were illustrated through two terrestrial and marine ecological applications using the R package “ecotraj” in order to evidence ecological observations that meet conservation objectives from those that do not meet them. EQA constitutes a flexible framework for the assessment and reporting of ecosystem quality, including restoration and degradation dynamics adaptable to multiple questions in the different fields of ecology and conservation.

Published
2023
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2. Participatory Qualitative Modeling to Assess the Sustainability of a Coastal Socio-Ecological System

Author

Sophie Gourguet, Martin Pierre Marzloff, Cedric Bacher, Pierre Boudry, Philippe Cugier, Jeffrey Mark Dambacher, Nicolas Desroy, Aline Gangnery, Patrick Le Mao, Léa Monnier, José A. Pérez Agúndez, and Olivier Thébaud

Subjects
socio-ecological system (SES), participatory approach, sustainability, shellfish aquaculture, Normand-Breton Gulf, loop analysis, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Assessing the sustainability of socio-ecological systems requires understanding the interactions between numerous ecological, economic and social components. Models are often used to investigate how interactions shape system feedbacks and drive the complex dynamics at play in such systems. However, building these models is a non-trivial exercise, which often neglects stakeholder knowledge and perceptions. We adopted a participatory approach that relies on conducting workshops to engage stakeholders into the development of qualitative models of system feedback. This type of participatory qualitative modeling is well suited to address the complexity of socio-ecological systems in a holistic manner, identify key stakes and feedbacks, and predict responses to perturbations. We use this approach to investigate the factors that condition sustainability of the socio-ecological system associated with shellfish aquaculture in the Normand-Breton Gulf in France. Six region-specific workshops were organized with shellfish producers, managers and other stakeholders to identify and describe key components, interactions and pressures that contribute to overall socio-ecological dynamics. Differences and commonalities in system perceptions were identified across the different regions and focus groups. We reconciled stakeholder-specific discrepancies in model structure into a synthetic representation that conciliates alternative views of the system. Next, we predicted how the system might respond to alternative scenarios of change. Overall, our participatory qualitative modeling exercise identified key drivers of the system under study that constitute effective management levers to maintain system sustainability. For instance, low social acceptability of the aquaculture industry generally appears to be a major constraint on the sustainability of shellfish aquaculture in the Normand-Breton Gulf, while reducing rearing density appears to be a key driver of sustainability.

Published
2021
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3. Musical Chairs on Temperate Reefs: Species Turnover and Replacement Within Functional Groups Explain Regional Diversity Variation in Assemblages Associated With Honeycomb Worms

Author

Alexandre Muller, Camille Poitrimol, Flávia L. D. Nunes, Aurélien Boyé, Amelia Curd, Nicolas Desroy, Louise B. Firth, Laura Bush, Andrew J. Davies, Fernando P. Lima, Martin P. Marzloff, Claudia Meneghesso, Rui Seabra, and Stanislas F. Dubois

Subjects
biodiversity, taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, ecosystem engineer, reef, turnover, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Reef-building species are recognized as having an important ecological role and as generally enhancing the diversity of benthic organisms in marine habitats. However, although these ecosystem engineers have a facilitating role for some species, they may exclude or compete with others. The honeycomb worm Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767) is an important foundation species, commonly found from northwest Ireland to northern Mauritania, whose reef structures increase the physical complexity of the marine benthos, supporting high levels of biodiversity. Local patterns and regional differences in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined in honeycomb worm reefs from 10 sites along the northeastern Atlantic to explore variation in diversity across biogeographic regions and the potential effects of environmental drivers. While taxonomic composition varied across the study sites, levels of diversity remained relatively constant along the European coast. Assemblages showed high levels of species turnover compared to differences in richness, which varied primarily in response to sea surface temperatures and sediment content, the latter suggesting that local characteristics of the reef had a greater effect on community composition than the density of the engineering species. In contrast, the functional composition of assemblages was similar regardless of taxonomic composition or biogeography, with five functional groups being observed in all sites and only small differences in abundance in these groups being detected. Functional groups represented primarily filter-feeders and deposit-feeders, with the notable absence of herbivores, indicating that the reefs may act as biological filters for some species from the local pool of organisms. Redundancy was observed within functional groups that may indicate that honeycomb worm reefs can offer similar niche properties to its associated assemblages across varying environmental conditions. These results highlight the advantages of comparing taxonomic and functional metrics, which allow identification of a number of ecological processes that structure marine communities.

Published
2021
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4. Determining the Ecological Status of Benthic Coastal Communities: A Case in an Anthropized Sub-Arctic Area

Author

Elliot Dreujou, Nicolas Desroy, Julie Carrière, Lisa Tréau de Coeli, Christopher W. McKindsey, and Philippe Archambault

Subjects
environmental indicators, ecological status, coastal benthos, macrofauna, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

With the widespread influence of human activities on marine ecosystems, evaluation of ecological status provides valuable information for conservation initiatives and sustainable development. To this end, many environmental indicators have been developed worldwide and there is a growing need to evaluate their performance by calculating ecological status in a wide range of ecosystems at multiple spatial and temporal scales. This study calculated and contrasted sixteen indicators of ecological status from three methodological categories: abundance measures, diversity parameters and characteristic species. This selection was applied to coastal benthic ecosystems at Sept-Îles (Québec, Canada), an important industrial harbor area in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and related to habitat parameters (organic matter, grain size fractions, and heavy metal concentrations). Nearly all indicators highlighted a generally good ecological status in the study area, where communities presented an unperturbed profile with high taxa and functional diversities and without the dominance of opportunistic taxa. Some correlations with habitat parameters were detected, especially with heavy metals, and bootstrap analyses indicated quite robust results. This study provides valuable information on the application of environmental indicators in Canadian coastal ecosystems, along with insights on their use for environmental assessments.

Published
2021
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5. Identification of GLPG/ABBV-2737, a Novel Class of Corrector, Which Exerts Functional Synergy With Other CFTR Modulators

Author

Gert de Wilde, Maarten Gees, Sara Musch, Katleen Verdonck, Mia Jans, Anne-Sophie Wesse, Ashvani K. Singh, Tzyh-Chang Hwang, Thierry Christophe, Mathieu Pizzonero, Steven Van der Plas, Nicolas Desroy, Marlon Cowart, Pieter Stouten, Luc Nelles, and Katja Conrath

Subjects
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), cystic fibrosis, chloride channel, electrophysiology, protein misfolding, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

The deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes a severe defect in folding and trafficking of the chloride channel resulting in its absence at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells leading to cystic fibrosis. Progress in the understanding of the disease increased over the past decades and led to the awareness that combinations of mechanistically different CFTR modulators are required to obtain meaningful clinical benefit. Today, there remains an unmet need for identification and development of more effective CFTR modulator combinations to improve existing therapies for patients carrying the F508del mutation. Here, we describe the identification of a novel F508del corrector using functional assays. We provide experimental evidence that the clinical candidate GLPG/ABBV-2737 represents a novel class of corrector exerting activity both on its own and in combination with VX809 or GLPG/ABBV-2222.

Published
2019
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6. Individual-based simulation of the spatial and temporal dynamics of macroinvertebrate functional groups provides insights into benthic community assembly mechanisms

Author

Nikolaos Alexandridis, Cédric Bacher, Nicolas Desroy, and Fred Jean

Subjects
Individual-based model, Inter-scale modeling, Functional groups, Benthic macroinvertebrates, Community assembly, Biological traits, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The complexity and scales of the processes that shape communities of marine benthic macroinvertebrates has limited our understanding of their assembly mechanisms and the potential to make projections of their spatial and temporal dynamics. Individual-based models can shed light on community assembly mechanisms, by allowing observed spatiotemporal patterns to emerge from first principles about the modeled organisms. Previous work in the Rance estuary (Brittany, France) revealed the principal functional components of its benthic macroinvertebrate communities and derived a set of functional relationships between them. These elements were combined here for the development of a dynamic and spatially explicit model that operates at two spatial scales. At the fine scale, modeling each individual’s life cycle allowed the representation of recruitment, inter- and intra-group competition, biogenic habitat modification and predation mortality. Larval dispersal and environmental filtering due to the tidal characteristics of the Rance estuary were represented at the coarse scale. The two scales were dynamically linked and the model was parameterized on the basis of theoretical expectations and expert knowledge. The model was able to reproduce some patterns of α- and β-diversity that were observed in the Rance estuary in 1995. Model analysis demonstrated the role of local and regional processes, particularly early post-settlement mortality and spatially restricted dispersal, in shaping marine benthos. It also indicated biogenic habitat modification as a promising area for future research. The combination of this mechanism with different substrate types, along with the representation of physical disturbances and more trophic categories, could increase the model’s realism. The precise parameterization and validation of the model is expected to extend its scope from the exploration of community assembly mechanisms to the formulation of predictions about the responses of community structure and functioning to environmental change.

Published
2018
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7. Latitudinal Patterns in European Seagrass Carbon Reserves: Influence of Seasonal Fluctuations versus Short-Term Stress and Disturbance Events

Author

Laura M. Soissons, Eeke P. Haanstra, Marieke M. van Katwijk, Ragnhild Asmus, Isabelle Auby, Laurent Barillé, Fernando G. Brun, Patricia G. Cardoso, Nicolas Desroy, Jerome Fournier, Florian Ganthy, Joxe-Mikel Garmendia, Laurent Godet, Tiago F. Grilo, Petra Kadel, Barbara Ondiviela, Gloria Peralta, Araceli Puente, Maria Recio, Loic Rigouin, Mireia Valle, Peter M. J. Herman, and Tjeerd J. Bouma

Subjects
carbon reserves, European Atlantic coast, latitude, resilience, Zostera noltei, climate setting, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Seagrass meadows form highly productive and valuable ecosystems in the marine environment. Throughout the year, seagrass meadows are exposed to abiotic and biotic variations linked to (i) seasonal fluctuations, (ii) short-term stress events such as, e.g., local nutrient enrichment, and (iii) small-scale disturbances such as, e.g., biomass removal by grazing. We hypothesized that short-term stress events and small-scale disturbances may affect seagrass chance for survival in temperate latitudes. To test this hypothesis we focused on seagrass carbon reserves in the form of starch stored seasonally in rhizomes, as these have been defined as a good indicator for winter survival. Twelve Zostera noltei meadows were monitored along a latitudinal gradient in Western Europe to firstly assess the seasonal change of their rhizomal starch content. Secondly, we tested the effects of nutrient enrichment and/or biomass removal on the corresponding starch content by using a short-term manipulative field experiment at a single latitude in the Netherlands. At the end of the growing season, we observed a weak but significant linear increase of starch content along the latitudinal gradient from south to north. This agrees with the contention that such reserves are essential for regrowth after winter, which is more severe in the north. In addition, we also observed a weak but significant positive relationship between starch content at the beginning of the growing season and past winter temperatures. This implies a lower regrowth potential after severe winters, due to diminished starch content at the beginning of the growing season. Short-term stress and disturbances may intensify these patterns, because our manipulative experiments show that when nutrient enrichment and biomass loss co-occurred at the end of the growing season, Z. noltei starch content declined. In temperate zones, the capacity of seagrasses to accumulate carbon reserves is expected to determine carbon-based regrowth after winter. Therefore, processes affecting those reserves might affect seagrass resilience. With increasing human pressure on coastal systems, short- and small-scale stress events are expected to become more frequent, threatening the resilience of seagrass ecosystems, particularly at higher latitudes, where populations tend to have an annual cycle highly dependent on their storage capacity.

Published
2018
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8. Process-driven and biological characterisation and mapping of seabed habitats sensitive to trawling.

Author

Aurélie Foveau, Sandrine Vaz, Nicolas Desroy, and Vladimir E Kostylev

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The increase of anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment together with the necessity of a sustainable management of marine living resources have underlined the need to map and model coastal environments, particularly for the purposes of spatial planning and for the implementation of integrated ecosystem-based management approach. The present study compares outputs of a process-driven benthic habitat sensitivity (PDS) model to the structure, composition and distribution of benthic invertebrates in the Eastern English Channel and southern part of the North Sea. Trawl disturbance indicators (TDI) computed from species biological traits and benthic community composition were produced from samples collected with a bottom trawl. The TDI was found to be highly correlated to the PDS further validating the latter's purpose to identify natural process-driven pattern of sensitivity. PDS was found to reflect an environmental potential that may no longer be fully observable in the field and difference with in situ biological observations could be partially explained by the spatial distribution of fishery pressure on the seafloor. The management implication of these findings are discussed and we suggest that, used in conjunction with TDI approaches, PDS may help monitor management effort by evaluating the difference between the current state and the presumed optimal environmental status of marine benthic habitats.

Published
2017
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9. Building on the concept of marine biological valuation with respect to translating it to a practical protocol: View points derived from a joint ENCORA--MARBEF initiative

Author

Tomasz Zarzycki, Steven Degraer, Magda Vincx, Agnieszka Tatarek, Remmment Ter Hofstede, Jeroen Speybroeck, Eric Willem Maria Stienen, John Roff, Paulo Talhadas Santos, Hubert Rees, Adriana Ressurreição, Marijn Rabaut, Desire Paelinckx, Ine Moulaert, Ann-Katrien Lescrauwaet, Maria Paola Moreno, Anne Husum Marboe, Kris Hostens, Henk Heessen, Nicolas Desroy, Klaas Deneudt, Jochen Depestele, Jean Claude Dauvin, Niels Daan, Simon Claus, Sofie Derous, and Melanie Austen

Subjects
Marine biological valuation, Ecological criteria, Intrinsic value, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Marine biological valuation provides a comprehensive concept for assessing the intrinsic value of subzones within a study area. This paper gives an update on the concept of marine biological valuation as described by Derous et al. (2007). This concept was based on a literature review of existing ecological valuation criteria and the consensus reached by a discussion group of experts during an international workshop in December 2004. The concept was discussed during an ENCORA-MARBEF workshop in December 2006, which resulted in the fine-tuning of the concept of marine biological valuation, especially with respect to its applicability to marine areas.

Published
2007

10. Disentangling the effects of eutrophication and natural variability on macrobenthic communities across French coastal lagoons

Author

Auriane G. Jones, Gauthier Schaal, Aurélien Boyé, Marie Creemers, Valérie Derolez, Nicolas Desroy, Annie Fiandrino, Théophile L. Mouton, Monique Simier, Niamh Smith, and Vincent Ouisse

Abstract

Coastal lagoons are transitional ecosystems that host a unique diversity of species and support many ecosystem services. Owing to their position at the interface between land and sea, they are also subject to increasing human impacts, which alter their ecological functioning. Because coastal lagoons are naturally highly variable in their environmental conditions, disentangling the effects of anthropogenic disturbances like eutrophication from those of natural variability is a challenging, yet necessary issue to address. Here, we analyze a dataset composed of macrobenthic invertebrate abundances and environmental variables (hydro-morphology, water, sediment and macrophytes) gathered across 29 Mediterranean coastal lagoons located in France to characterize the main drivers of community composition and structure. Using correlograms, linear models and variance partitioning, we found that lagoon hydro-morphology (connection to the sea and surface) which affects the level of environmental variability (salinity and temperature), as well as lagoon-scale benthic habitat diversity (using macrophyte morphotypes) seemed to regulate macrofauna distribution, while eutrophication and associated stressors like low dissolved oxygen acted upon the existing communities, mainly by reducing species richness and diversity. Furthermore, M-AMBI, a multivariate index composed of species richness, Shannon diversity and AMBI (AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index) and currently used to evaluate the ecological state of French coastal lagoons, was more sensitive to eutrophication (18%) than to natural variability (9%) with nonetheless 49% of its variability explained jointly by both. Conversely, AMBI was the only tested index that uniquely responded to eutrophication variables, which nonetheless explained less than a third of its variability. To improve the robustness of benthic indicators like M-AMBI and increase the effectiveness of lagoon benthic habitat management, we call for a revision of the ecological groups at the base of the AMBI index and of the current lagoon typology which could be inspired by the lagoon-sea connection levels used in this study.

Published
2022

11. Assessing the impact of trawling on benthic megafauna: comparative study of video surveys vs. scientific trawling

Author

Aurélie Foveau, Nicolas Desroy, Lyvia Lescure, Jean-Claude Duchêne, Céline Labrune, Sandrine Vaz, Cyrielle Jac, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, vulnerability, mega-epifauna, southern north-sea, Aquatic Science, video, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity, habitats, Megafauna, 14. Life underwater, fauna, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, disturbance, functional sensitivity indices, Ecology, Trawling, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, underwater video, communities, sampling methods, Fishery, Benthic zone, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, trawling effect
Abstract

Most studies about benthic community use small-scale sampling methods focused on the infauna such as grabs or box-corers. The benthic data collected by scientific trawl surveys in all European waters, in the frame of the Common Fishery Policy Data Collection Multiannual Program, can be used to study the impact of large-scale fisheries such as trawling. However, the catchability of trawls is very dependent on the nature of the seabed as well as resulting ground-gear adaptations. Due to its non-destructive nature and its ability to focus on benthic macro-epifauna, towed video sampling appears to be a good alternative to monitor the impact of trawling on benthic communities. In the present work, we studied the influence of fishery induced seabed abrasion and video characteristics on nine indices, which can be used to monitor the effect of trawling on benthic communities, was studied. Among them, three indices specific to fishery effect detection based on biological traits appeared to be the best performing benthic indices with video data: modified-Trawling Disturbance Index, partial-Trawling Disturbance Index, and modified sensitivity index. The effectiveness of these indices to monitor the effect of trawling was evaluated and compared between trawl and video sampling. This work has highlighted that video sampling could be a good alternative, or at least a complementary method, to scientific trawling to monitor the effect of trawling on benthic communities in European waters.

Published
2021

14. Sediment migrations drive the dynamic of macrobenthic ecosystems in subtidal sandy bedforms

Author

Briz Parent, Alexandre Elie Robert, Maëlle Nexer, Mahmoud Bacha, Nicolas Desroy, Thierry Garlan, Nolwenn Quillien, and Clémence Caulle

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Biological traits, Bedform, Sediment, Ecological succession, Biodiversity, Aquatic Science, Environment, Oceanography, Macrobenthos, Spatio-temporal variations, Pollution, Sandy bedforms, Soft sediments, Barchan, Benthic zone, Sand, Ecosystem functioning, Submarine pipeline, Ecosystem, North Sea, Geology
Abstract

A traditional taxonomic approach coupled to a biological traits analysis was conducted in order to provide a new insight into macrobenthic communities associated with subtidal sandy environments. Results suggest that the macro-scale distribution of benthic communities is mainly driven by the migration rate of bedforms (sandbank, barchan dune and transversal dune) which changes the sediment grain size and reduces macrobenthic diversity. A classic scheme of species/traits succession was also observed from less to more physically disturbed areas. Finally, the high frequency of migration events homogenized macrobenthic communities between the troughs to the crest of bedforms. As bedforms areas are targeted for the commissioning of offshore windfarms the information provided by the present paper will be particularly useful to implement the environmental impact assessment required for such activities at sea.

Published
2021

15. Intertidal ecosystem engineer species promote benthic-pelagic coupling and diversify trophic pathways

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Stanislas F. Dubois, Jérôme Fournier, Auriane G. Jones, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Bretagne Occidentale (LER-BO), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet, ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Laboratoire Environnement Ressource de Bretagne Occidentale (LERBO), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Suspension-feeding, Aquatic Science, Intertidal ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gardening hypothesis, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Stable isotopes, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Microphytobenthos, Pelagic zone, Food web, Habitat modifier, 15. Life on land, Coupling (computer programming), Non-trophic interactions, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract

Ecosystem engineering is a ubiquitous process by which the biological activity of a species shapes habitat diversity and often creates local biodiversity hotspots. The honeycomb-worm Sabellaria alveolata, an intertidal ecosystem engineer, actively builds reefs across Europe by aggregating sand. Here, we used carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions measured on basal resources and bentho-demersal consumers (fish, mega- and macroinvertebrates) to empirically investigate how non-trophic interactions (ecosystem engineering) modify food web structure and functioning. Three sediment types corresponding to different substrata and species assemblages were sampled: a control soft sediment (medium to muddy sand, before the establishment of S. alveolata), the sediment engineered by S. alveolata (hardened 3D structures), and the soft sediment under the influence of S. alveolata (associated sediment). Using consumer community isotopic biplots (biomass-weighted), niche metrics (standard ellipse area), and mixing models, we found that S. alveolata, through the physical structure it creates, the stimulation of basal resources (microphytobenthos and Ulva), and the diversification of suspension-feeding species, promotes benthic-pelagic coupling and a habitat-wide form of ‘gardening,’ which further leads to trophic pathway diversification and limits trophic competition between the engineer species and associated suspension-feeders. Furthermore, our results help to refine the definition of S. alveolata reefs as the sum of the engineered and associated sediments since they are part of a single reef food web coupled by the stimulated basal resources and consumers. Finally, the non-trophic and trophic interactions mediated by S. alveolata and the associated macrofauna seem to promote the establishment of a temporally stable and probably highly resilient reef habitat.

Published
2021

16. Using ecological trajectories to track long-term taxonomic and functional changes in benthic shallow soft-bottom communities (Bay of Saint-Brieuc, English Channel)

Author

Auriane G. Jones, Pascal Riera, Nicolas Desroy, Gaëtan Cormy, Anthony Sturbois, Caroline Broudin, Alain Ponsero, Patrick Le Mao, Eric Thiébaut, Olivier Gauthier, Gauthier Schaal, Alexandre Le Moal, Université de Brest (UBO), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire lorrain de psychologie et neurosciences de la dynamique des comportements (2LPN), Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, marine biodiversity, benthic assemblages, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aquatic Science, Track (rail transport), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, natura 2000, habitats, community trajectory analysis, abra-alba, Natura 2000, corbula-gibba, 14. Life underwater, north-sea, impacts, Nature and Landscape Conservation, disturbance, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, ecological trajectories, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, conservation, scallop dredging, SAINT, 15. Life on land, populations, Term (time), long-term changes, Oceanography, eutrophication, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, macrofauna, climate-change, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eutrophication, Bay, Channel (geography)
Abstract

WOS:000700272400001; International audience; Taxonomic and functional trajectories of benthic assemblages were studied in shallow soft-bottom sediments in the bay of Saint-Brieuc (Western English Channel). Changes were assessed at different spatial and temporal scales using a macrobenthic dataset based on 38 stations sampled in 1987 and 2019, coupled with data from one station sampled annually between 2005 and 2019 as part of the European Water Framework Directive monitoring programme. Taxonomic trajectories indicated 1) changes in the structure and distribution of benthic assemblages, 2) an homogenization of the assemblages, and 3) significant functional shifts. Fishing activities and nutrient enrichment are probably strong drivers of the observed changes, as suggested by the higher mortality rate of fragile, flexible, tubiculous and burrowing species, and the increase in the abundance of opportunistic species in the assemblages. Certain populations of macroinvertebrates seem jointly controlled by climate change and by the aforementioned local factors of disturbance. The Community Trajectory Analysis framework appears as a new and interesting method to track ecological changes in marine ecosystems by measuring change with respect to a baseline state, to help define ecological recovery (station returning to the initial ecological state) and departure (station presenting increased changes over time), and to analyse trajectory similarity. According to the degradation of habitat over time, we identify the need for the implementation of knowledge-based conservation strategies, especially within Natura 2000 sites.

Published
2021

17. Extending community trajectory analysis: New metrics and representation

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Martina Sánchez-Pinillos, M. De Cáceres, P. Le Mao, Gauthier Schaal, A. Ponsero, A. Sturbois, Olivier Gauthier, VivArmor Nature, Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie St-Brieuc, Réserves Naturelles de France-Réserves Naturelles de France, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain, Centre for Forest Research (CEF), Department of Chemistry, University of Québec in Montréal, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Initial state, Computer science, Impact assessment, Trajectory analysis, Space (commercial competition), Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecological variability, EU-FEAMP 621-B, Baseline (configuration management), Set (psychology), UBO, Community dynamics, Complement (set theory), business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, ACL, Representation (systemics), 15. Life on land, Toolbox, Complementarity (molecular biology), DISCOVERY, Trajectory, Artificial intelligence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, computer, Representation tools
Abstract

WOS:000614806200005; Ecological research focuses on the spatio-temporal patterns of ecosystems and communities. The recently proposed framework of Community Trajectory Analysis considers community dynamics as trajectories in a chosen space of community resemblance and utilizes geometrical properties of trajectories to compare and analyse temporal changes. Here, we extend the initial framework, which focused on consecutive trajectory segments, by considering additional metrics with respect to initial or baseline states. Addressing questions about community dynamics and more generally temporal and spatial ecological variability requires synthetic and efficient modes of representation. Hence, we propose a set of innovative maps, charts and trajectory roses to represent trajectory properties and complement the panel of traditional modes of representation used in community ecology. We use four case studies to highlight the complementarity and the ability of the new metrics and innovative figures to illustrate ecological trajectories and to facilitate their interpretation. Finally, we encourage ecologists skilled in multivariate analysis to integrate CTA into their toolbox in order to quantitatively evaluate spatio-temporal changes.

Published
2021

18. Characterizing spatio-temporal changes in benthic communities: Taxonomic and functional trajectories of intertidal assemblages in the bay of Saint-Brieuc (English Channel)

Author

G. Cormy, Pascal Riera, Olivier Gauthier, Anthony Sturbois, Gauthier Schaal, Nicolas Desroy, Alain Ponsero, P. Le Mao, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Marine protected area, Marine habitats, Intertidal zone, Benthic macrofauna, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Geography, Community trajectory analysis, Habitat, Benthic zone, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ecological trajectories, Assemblage (archaeology), sense organs, Variability, skin and connective tissue diseases, Temporal scales, Bay, Stability, Channel (geography)
Abstract

International audience; Tracking and quantifying ecological changes at large and long-term scales is a central point for monitoring and conservation issues. The Community Trajectory Analysis Framework was used in complement with classical methods to analyse and represent long-term changes in marine habitats at 42 stations in the bay of Saint-Brieuc (western English Channel), sampled in 1987, 2001 and 2019. The taxonomic and functional trajectories of intertidal benthic assemblages were studied at local and assemblage scales. Whatever the perennial contribution of dominant prevalent species at the site scale, some species were highly variable over time and space, influencing the structuration of assemblages. Taxonomic changes were not systematically associated with significant changes in the functional properties at local and community scale. The consideration of local changes and variations at the species level explained the differences in composition observed at the scale of assemblages. Observed changes mainly reflected random population dynamics of structuring prevalent species in habitat under strong natural pressures, rather than specific changes of the community. Few species reveal the long-term effect of green tides in some assemblages. Overall, this study confirms the complexity to disentangle factors of changes in the absence of a monitoring strategy specifically devoted the measurement of environmental factors and anthropogenic pressures. The study also highlights the need for the development of benthic monitoring strategies at multiple spatial and temporal scales.

Published
2021

19. Linking multiple facets of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in a coastal reef habitat

Author

Lionel Denis, Gwendoline Duong, Nicolas Desroy, Auriane G. Jones, Jérôme Fournier, Stanislas F. Dubois, Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Biogeochemical fluxes, Aquatic Science, Functional diversity, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, Sabellaria alveolata, Benthos, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Abundance (ecology), Animals, Community composition, Ecosystem, English channel, Biomass, 14. Life underwater, Reef, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Coral Reefs, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Respiration, Temperature, Polychaeta, Biodiversity, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Environmental science, Species richness, Bioturbation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Reef-building species play key roles in promoting local species richness and regulating ecosystem functions like biogeochemical fluxes. We evaluated the functioning of a habitat engineered by the reef-building polychaete Sabellaria alveolata, by measuring oxygen and nutrient fluxes in the reef structures and in the soft-sediments nearby. Then, we investigated the relative importance of temperature, the engineer S. alveolata, and different facets of macrofauna diversity (taxonomic, functional diversity and identity), on the reef biogeochemical fluxes using multiple linear regressions and effect sizes. The reef fluxes were more intense than the soft-sediment fluxes and mainly driven by the engineer biomass and abundance, stressing the importance of these biogenic structures. Higher water temperatures and an intermediate level of associated macrofauna functional dispersion weighted only by abundance (i.e. intermediate biological trait variability) maximized the reef’s global biogeochemical functioning. Ultimately, the physical degradation of the reefs could lead to lower levels of functioning.

Published
2020

20. Succession in epibenthic communities on artificial reefs associated with marine renewable energy facilities within a tide-swept environment

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Antoine Carlier, Martin P. Marzloff, Nolwenn Quillien, Bastien Taormina, Olivier Dugornay, Arthur Percheron, Xavier Caisey, Morgane Lejart, and Aurélien Tancray

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, benthic communities, marine renewable energy, Ecological succession, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy, succession, underwater imagery, artificial reef, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, business, non-indigenous species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Artificial reefs
Abstract

Although colonization of artificial structures by epibenthic communities is well-documented overall, our understanding of colonization processes is largely limited to low-energy environments. In this study, we monitored epibenthic colonization of different structures associated with a tidal energy test site located in a high-energy hydrodynamic environment. Using four years of image-based underwater surveys, we characterized changes through space and time in the taxonomic composition of epibenthic assemblages colonizing two kinds of artificial structures, as well as the surrounding natural habitat. Our results highlight that ecological successions followed similar trends across the two artificial habitats, but that different habitat-specific communities emerged at the end of our survey. Deployment of these artificial structures resulted in the addition of elevated and stable substrata in an environment where natural hard substrates are unstable and strongly exposed to sediment abrasion. Although epibenthic communities colonizing artificial habitats are unlikely to have reached a mature stage at the end of our survey, these supported structurally complex taxa facilitating an overall increase in local diversity. We were able to quantify how epibenthic communities can significantly vary over time in high-energy coastal environment, and our final survey suggests that the ecological succession was still in progress five years after the deployment of artificial reefs. Thus, maintaining long-term continuous survey of coastal artificial reef habitats will be key to better discriminate between long-term ecological successions and shorter-term variability.

Published
2020

21. Renewable energy homes for marine life: Habitat potential of a tidal energy project for benthic megafauna

Author

Antoine Carlier, Noémie Dufournaud, Morgane Lejart, Martin P. Marzloff, Bastien Taormina, Didier Leroy, Martial Laurans, Stéphane Martin, Nicolas Desroy, France Energies Marines [Brest], Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH), and Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Occupancy, Brachyura, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Marine life, Crustacean, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Homarus gammarus, Megafauna, Animals, Renewable Energy, 14. Life underwater, Marine renewable energy, Ecosystem, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Fishery, Habitat, Fish, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Submarine pipeline, Artificial habitats, business, Tidal power
Abstract

An increasing number of offshore structures are being deployed worldwide to meet the growing demand for renewable energy. Besides energy production, these structures can also provide new artificial habitats to a diversity of fish and crustacean species. This study characterises how concrete mattresses that stabilise the submarine power cable of a tidal energy test site can increase habitat capacity for benthic megafauna. A five-year monitoring, which relied on both visual counts and video-based surveys by divers, revealed that these mattresses provide a suitable habitat for 5 taxa of large crustaceans and fish. In particular, two commercially valuable species, i.e. the edible crab Cancer pagurus and the European lobster Homarus gammarus, showed a constant occupancy of these artificial habitats throughout the course of the project. The shape and the number of shelters available below individual mattresses largely determine potential for colonisation by mobile megafauna. Local physical characteristics of the implantation site (e.g. substratum type, topography, exposition to current etc.) significantly impact amount and type of shelters provided by the concrete mattresses. Thus, to characterise habitat potential of artificial structures, it is not only essential to consider (i) the design of the structures, but also to (ii) account for their interactions with local environmental conditions when deployed on the seafloor.

Published
2020

22. Detecting adverse effect on seabed integrity. Part 1: Generic sensitivity indices to measure the effect of trawling on benthic mega-epifauna

Author

Sandrine Vaz, Aurélie Foveau, Céline Labrune, Nicolas Desroy, Cyrielle Jac, Gregoire Certain, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Fauna, Fishing, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Trawling effect, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, MSFD, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Seabed, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Benthic sensitivity, Ecology, Trawling, Community structure, Bottom trawling, Fishery, Habitat, Benthic zone, Seabed integrity, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Indices
Abstract

International audience; The benthic fauna of European continental shelves is a severely impacted community, mostly due to intense bottom trawling activity. Trawling effect may be dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of abrasion, the habitat type including natural perturbation intensity and the fishing gear used. Nonetheless, there is an urgent need to identify or develop indices likely to measure the effect of trawling. For this purpose benthic faunaby-catch monitored in scientific trawl surveys carried out in all European waters in the frame of the Common Fishery Policy Data Collection Multiannual Program may be used. Benthic invertebrates data used in this study were collected during scientific bottom trawl surveys covering the English Channel, the North Sea and the NorthWest Mediterranean. Swept area ratios derived from VMS data were used to quantify the intensity of fishery induced abrasion on the seabed. Fifteen indices were investigated: taxonomic diversity metrics, functional diversity indices and functional indices, the two later based on sensitivity traits to physical abrasion. Their properties, such as their capacity to detect trawling effect, their statistical behavior or their ability to inform on community structure, were investigated. Among them, fours indices specific to fishery effect detection based onbiological traits appeared to be the best performing benthic indices regarding these requirements: Trawling Disturbance Index (TDI), modified-Trawling Disturbance Index (mTDI), partial-Trawling Disturbance Index (pTDI), modified sensitivity index (mT). Maps of the distribution pattern of seabed sensitivity captured through each of these four indices were produced. This work has highlighted the need to use specific indices to monitorthe effect of trawling on benthic communities but also that the use of different indices may be necessary to carry out this monitoring in all European waters.

Published
2020

23. Detecting adverse effect on seabed integrity. Part 2: How much of seabed habitats are left in good environmental status by fisheries?

Author

Aurélie Foveau, Nicolas Desroy, Cyrielle Jac, Sandrine Vaz, Céline Labrune, Gregoire Certain, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Trawling impact, Good Environmental Status, MFSD, Fishing, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Seabed, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Trawling, GES, Bottom trawling, Fishery, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Threshold values, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trawling impacts, Indices
Abstract

International audience; By relating observed changes to the pressures suffered, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive intends to better control the factors of environmental degradation and to manage their consequences in European waters. Several descriptors are defined within the framework of the MFSD and in particular descriptor 1 relating to the biological diversity of the seabed and descriptor 6 relating to the seabed integrity (i.e. the quality of their structures and functions). For each descriptor, indicators and threshold values must be defined and a novel conceptual approach to define and detect seabed integrity thresholds is proposed here. Bottom trawling being the main source of shelf continental disturbance, it is important to evaluate its impact on benthic habitat. The goal of this study is to propose a methodology to determine “Good Ecological Status” threshold values for eachhabitat type present in three contrasted MFSD sub-region (North Sea, English Channel and Mediterranean Sea). Trawling impacts are dependent of the spatial and temporal distribution of the fishing effort, fishing gears, intensity of natural disturbances and habitat types. Benthic community structures present in these areas were studied using by-catch non-commercial benthic invertebrates data collected during French scientific bottomtrawl surveys. Swept area ratios derived from VMS data were used to quantify the intensity of fishery induced abrasion on the seabed. A modeling approach was used to determine abrasion threshold values on each EUNIS level 4 habitat. The values, beyond which trawling has an adverse effect on benthic communities, have been determined for each habitat. This made it possible to assess and map the ecological status of each of the habitats and to determine the percentage of each habitat impacted by trawling. The method proposed here to evaluate the impact of trawling on benthic communities highlighted that the vast majority of the investigated sub-regions were adversely impacted or lost as a result of seabed impacting trawling.

Published
2020

24. Long-term spatio-temporal changes of the muddy fine sand benthic community of the Bay of Seine (eastern English Channel)

Author

Katja Juliana Geiger, Nicolas Desroy, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Noémie Baux, Franck Gentil, Eric Thiébaut, Lise Bacouillard, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut national des sciences et techniques de la mer (INTECHMER), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Geologic Sediments, gamma-diversity, beta-diversity, Beta diversity, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Coastal zone, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Species composition, β-diversity, Sand, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Species diversity, Temporal variability, Biodiversity, General Medicine, Pollution, Monitoring program, Colonisation, Benthic ecology, Bays, Habitat, Benthic zone, α-diversity, Environmental science, Macrofauna, γ-diversity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay, human activities, alpha-diversity, Channel (geography), Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; In the English Channel, the eastern Bay of Seine is exposed to numerous anthropogenic disturbances, in particular major changes in sediment dynamics, which are expected to greatly impact benthic communities. To assess the long-term effects of these stressors on the muddy fine sand benthic community, an original long-term monitoring program has been implemented since 1988. It is based on the sampling of a network of 60 stations during seven surveys over 28 years from 1988 to 2016. We investigate changes of species density, species composition and species diversity at different scales (α-diversity, β-diversity and γ-diversity). Contrary to results obtained in many coastal areas, our results showed a long-term persistence of the community in terms of species composition and structure although a general shift towards muddy sediment has resulted in increased colonisation by species associated with muddy habitats and a decrease in spatial beta diversity.

Published
2020

25. A generic framework to assess the representation and protection of benthic ecosystems in European marine protected areas

Author

Mats Blomqvist, Paolo Magni, Henning Reiss, Jennifer Dannheim, Silvana N.R. Birchenough, Gert Van Hoey, Yessica Griffiths, Clare Greathead, Laurent Guerin, Urszula Janas, Steven Degraer, Alexander Darr, Jan Vanaverbeke, Céline Labrune, Lene Buhl-Mortensen, Johan Craeymeersch, Hayley Hinchen, Ivan Guala, Annick Donnay, Nicolas Desroy, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione [Pavia, Italia], Università degli Studi di Pavia, Marine Biology Section, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Management Unit of the Mathematical Model of the North Sea, Royal Belgian Insitute of Natural Sciences, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, marine protected area, coastal, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Benthos, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, Environmental resource management, benthos, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ocean, Adaptive management, monitoring, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Scale (social sciences), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Marine protected area, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Business Manager projects Mid-North, conservation evaluation
Abstract

There is concern across the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) region that a consideration of vulnerable components and the wider support mechanisms underpinning benthic marine ecosystems may be lacking from the process of marine protected area (MPA) designation, management and monitoring. In this study, MPAs across six European ecoregions were assessed from a benthic ecology perspective. The study included 102 MPAs, designated by 10 countries, and focused on three aspects regarding the role of the benthos in: (i) the designation of MPAs; (ii) the management measures used in MPAs; and (iii) the monitoring and assessment of MPAs. Qualitative entries to a questionnaire based on an existing framework (EU project ‘Monitoring Evaluation of Spatially Managed Areas’, (MESMA) were collected by 19 benthic experts of the ICES Benthic Ecology Working Group. A pedigree matrix was used to apply a numerical scale (score) to these entries. The results showed clear differences in scores between ecoregions and between criteria. The designation‐phase criteria generally achieved higher scores than the implementation‐phase criteria. Poor designation‐phase scores were generally reiterated in the implementation‐phase scores, such as scores for assessment and monitoring. Over 70% of the MPA case studies were found to consider the benthos to some extent during selection and designation; however, this was not followed up with appropriate management measures and good practice during the implementation phase. Poor spatial and temporal coverage of monitoring and ineffective indicators is unlikely to pick up changes caused by management measures in the MPA. There is concern that without adequate monitoring and adaptive management frameworks, the MPAs will be compromised. Also, there could be an increased likelihood that, with regard to the benthos, they will fail to meet their conservation objectives. This assessment was successful in highlighting issues related to the representation and protection of the benthos in MPAs and where changes need to be made, such as expanding the characterization and monitoring of benthic species or habitats of interest. These issues could be attributable to an ongoing process and/or an indication that some MPAs only have ‘paper protection’.

Published
2020

26. Optimizing image-based protocol to monitor macroepibenthic communities colonizing artificial structures

Author

Martin P. Marzloff, Antoine Carlier, Nicolas Desroy, Bastien Taormina, Emmanuelle Metral Thiesse, Olivier Dugornay, Aurélien Tancray, and Xavier Caisey

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, taxonomic resolution, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Real-time computing, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, benthic monitoring, underwater imagery, 13. Climate action, sampling design, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Protocol (object-oriented programming), fouling community, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Image based
Abstract

Underwater imagery is increasingly used as an effective and repeatable method to monitor benthic ecosystems. Nevertheless, extracting ecologically relevant information from a large amount of raw images remains a time-consuming and somewhat laborious challenge. Thus, underwater imagery processing needs to strike a compromise between time-efficient image annotation and accuracy in quantifying benthic community composition. Designing and implementing robust image sampling and image annotation protocols are therefore critical to rationally address these trade-offs between ecological accuracy and processing time. The aim of this study was to develop and to optimize a reliable image scoring strategy based on the point count method using imagery data acquired on tide-swept macroepibenthic communities. Using a stepwise approach, we define an underwater imagery processing protocol that is effective in terms of (i) time allocated to overall image, (ii) reaching a satisfactory accuracy to estimate the occurrence of dominant benthic taxa, and (iii) adopting a sufficient taxonomic resolution to describe changes in community composition. We believe that our method is well adapted to investigate the composition of epibenthic communities on artificial reefs and can be useful in surveying colonization of other human structures (wind turbine foundations, pipelines, etc.) in coastal areas. Our strategy meets the increasing demand for inexpensive and time-effective tools for monitoring changes in benthic communities in a context of increasing coastal artificialization pressures.

Published
2020

27. Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus garnmarus)

Author

Bastien Taormina, Florian Freytet, Rosa H. Escobar-Lux, Carole Di Poi, Nicolas Desroy, Jean-François D’eu, Caroline M. F. Durif, Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt, Antoine Carlier, France Energies Marines [Brest], Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Austevoll Research Station (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Anthropogenic impact, Video Recording, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Submarine power cable, 01 natural sciences, orientation, 03 medical and health sciences, Homing Behavior, Homarus gammarus, Avoidance Learning, Animals, Juvenile, cancer, crab, 14. Life underwater, atlantic spiny lobster, electromagnetic-fields, navigation, Ships, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, biology, ACL, potential impacts, Submarine, Marine invertebrates, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, mortality, Life stage, Nephropidae, Magnetic field, Europe, Magnetic Fields, Oceanography, exposure, Exploratory Behavior, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

WOS:000517853700004; The number of submarine power cables using either direct or alternating current is expected to increase drastically in coming decades. Data concerning the impact of magnetic fields generated by these cables on marine invertebrates are scarce. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore the potential impact of anthropogenic static and time-varying magnetic fields on the behavior of recently settled juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) using two different behavioral assays. Day-light conditions were used to stimulate the sheltering behavior and facilitate the video tracking. We showed that juvenile lobsters did not exhibit any change of behavior when submitted to an artificial magnetic field gradient (maximum intensity of 200 mu T) compared to non-exposed lobsters in the ambient magnetic field. Additionally, no influence was noted on either the lobsters' ability to find shelter or modified their exploratory behavior after one week of exposure to anthropogenic magnetic fields (225 +/- 5 mu T) which remained similar to those observed in control individuals. It appears that static and time-varying anthropogenic magnetic fields, at these intensities, do not significantly impact the behavior of juvenile European lobsters in daylight conditions. Nevertheless, to form a complete picture for this biological model, further studies are needed on the other life stages as they may respond differently.

Published
2020

28. Benthic metabolism over the emersion - immersion alternation in sands colonized by the invasive Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Author

Aline Migné, Nicolas Desroy, Rima Jihane Trigui, Dominique Davoult, Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Inorganic carbon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Benthic fluxes, Intertidal zone, Ruditapes, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Benthos, Tidal flats, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Nutrient, Total inorganic carbon, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Chemistry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Suspension-feeding bivalve, Estuary, Nutrients, biology.organism_classification, Western English Channel, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The effect of an invasive infaunal suspension-feeding bivalve, the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, on benthic inorganic carbon and nutrient fluxes was examined through in situ incubations. Measurements were performed in spring and summer on a tidal sandflat of the Rance estuary (south part of the Western English Channel) colonized by the Manila clam after its deliberate introduction in the 1990's. Benthic inorganic carbon fluxes were measured using light and dark benthic chambers both at emersion and immersion. Benthic nutrient fluxes were measured using dark benthic chambers at immersion. Inorganic carbon (IC) and ammonium sediment release under darkness at immersion reached 5.60 mmol m-2 h-1 and 441 μmol m-2 h-1 respectively for a clam density of 291 ind m-2. The sediment IC-release under darkness was lower during emersion than during immersion, probably due to the reduced activity of infauna at low tide. Under ambient light, a sediment IC-uptake was systematically measured at emersion, indicating a net autotrophy under the condition of measurements (125 < surface PAR < 1670 μmol m-2 s-1), while either sediment IC-uptake or release was measured at immersion according to light variation (20 < underwater PAR < 990 μmol m-2 s-1). The highest gross community primary production, calculated from highest IC-fluxes at light (i.e. net community production) and highest IC-fluxes at dark (i.e. community respiration), was similar at emersion and immersion and reached 6.2 mmolC m-2 h-1. These results suggest that the metabolic activity of the invasive Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum contributes to increase inorganic C and ammonium sediment release. These regenerated nutrients may support microphytobenthic production which appeared particularly high on this intertidal sand flat.

Published
2018

29. Interplay between abiotic factors and species assemblages mediated by the ecosystem engineer Sabellaria alveolata (Annelida: Polychaeta)

Author

Auriane G. Jones, Stanislas F. Dubois, Jérôme Fournier, Nicolas Desroy, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Synthèses sélective organique et produits naturels (SSOPN), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Beta diversity, 0106 biological sciences, Habitat disturbance, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, Sabellaria alveolata, Macrobenthos, Brittany, 14. Life underwater, Reef, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Benthic primary production, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Nestedness, Mont Saint-Michel Bay, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Honeycomb worm, Silt
Abstract

Sabellaria alveolata is a gregarious polychaete that uses sand particles to build three-dimensional structures known as reefs, fixed atop rocks or built on soft sediments. These structures are known to modify the local grain-size distribution and to host a highly diversified macrofauna, altered when the reef undergoes disturbances. The goal of this study was to investigate the different sedimentary and biological changes associated with the presence of a S. alveolata reef over two contrasting seasons (late winter and late summer), and how these changes were linked. Three different sediments were considered: the engineered sediment (the actual reef), the associated sediment (the soft sediment surrounding the reef structures) and a control soft sediment (i.e. no reef structures in close proximity). Univariate and multivariate comparisons of grain-size distribution, soft sediment characteristics (organic matter content, chlorophyll a, pheopigments and carbohydrate concentrations) and macrofauna were conducted between the different sediment types at both seasons and between the two seasons for each sediment type. A distance-based redundancy analyses (dbRDA) was used to investigate the link between the different environmental parameters and the macrofauna assemblages. Finally, we focused on a disturbance continuum of the engineered sediments proxied by an increase in the mud present in these sediments. The effects of a continuous and increasing disturbance on the associated fauna were investigated using pairwise beta diversity indices (Sorensen and Bray-Curtis dissimilarities and their decomposition into turnover and nestedness). Results showed a significant effect of the reef on the local sediment distribution (coarser sediments compared to the control) and on the benthic primary production (higher in the associated sediments). At both seasons, S. alveolata biomass and sediment principal mode were the environmental parameters which best differentiated the engineered, associated and control sediment assemblages. These two parameters are under the ecosystem engineer's influence stressing its importance in structuring benthic macrofauna. Furthermore, in late summer but not in late winter, presence/absence and abundance-based beta diversity were positively correlated to our disturbance proxy (mud content) a tendency driven by a species replacement and a rise in the associated fauna density. Our first set of results highlight the importance of S. alveolata reefs as benthic primary production enhancers via their physical structure and their biological activity. The results obtained using beta diversity indices emphasize the importance of recruitment in structuring the reef's macrofauna and – paradoxically – the ecological value of S. alveolata degraded forms as biodiversity and recruitment promoters.

Published
2018

30. Discovery, Structure–Activity Relationship, and Binding Mode of an Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Series of Autotaxin Inhibitors

Author

Christelle David, Nele Vandervoort, Damien Fleury, Denis Annoot, Laëtitia Cherel, Willem Jan Hengeveld, Thierry Christophe, Sameh H. Soror, Agnès Marie Joncour, Christopher Gaëtan Housseman, Alain Monjardet, R Galien, Patrick Mollat, Reginald Brys, Veronique Roncoroni, Luce Lepissier, Natacha Bienvenu, Lionel Vercheval, Alexandre Wohlkonig, Christophe Peixoto, Jörg Heiermann, Katja Conrath, Mia Jans, Sandrine Le Tallec, Bertrand Heckmann, Robert Touitou, Nicolas Desroy, Jan Steyaert, Virginie Labeguere, Gregor Pilzak, Ellen van der Aar, Xavier Marie Bock, Nicolas Triballeau, Emanuelle Wakselman, Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, and Structural Biology Brussels

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Pyridines, Stereochemistry, Inflammation, 01 natural sciences, Cocrystal, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mice, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Discovery, Lysophosphatidic acid, Hydrolase, medicine, Animals, Humans, Structure–activity relationship, chemistry.chemical_classification, Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Drug discovery, Imidazoles, Lysophosphatidylcholines, Rats, 0104 chemical sciences, Molecular Docking Simulation, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Lysophospholipids, Autotaxin, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme playing a major role in the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in blood through hydrolysis of lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). The ATX-LPA signaling axis arouses a high interest in the drug discovery industry as it has been implicated in several diseases including cancer, fibrotic diseases, and inflammation, among others. An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine series of ATX inhibitors was identified out of a high-throughput screening (HTS). A cocrystal structure with one of these compounds and ATX revealed a novel binding mode with occupancy of the hydrophobic pocket and channel of ATX but no interaction with zinc ions of the catalytic site. Exploration of the structure-activity relationship led to compounds displaying high activity in biochemical and plasma assays, exemplified by compound 40. Compound 40 was also able to decrease the plasma LPA levels upon oral administration to rats.

Published
2017

31. Seasonal and latitudinal variation in seagrass mechanical traits across Europe: The influence of local nutrient status and morphometric plasticity

Author

Joxe Mikel Garmendia, Nicolas Desroy, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Peter M. J. Herman, Jérôme Fournier, M.M. van Katwijk, Bárbara Ondiviela, Loic Rigouin, Fernando G. Brun, Patricia Cardoso, Mireia Valle, Florian Ganthy, Laura M. Soissons, Petra Kadel, Isabelle Auby, Gloria Peralta, Laurent Godet, María Recio, Tiago F. Grilo, Ragnhild Asmus, and Laurent Barillé

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Range (biology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Growing season, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Biology, Evergreen, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Seagrass, Nutrient, Threatened species, Ecosystem, Eutrophication
Abstract

Seagrasses are marine flowering plants distributed worldwide. They are however threatened, mostly due to the increase of human activities. Seagrasses have the capacity to adapt their morphological, physiological, and mechanical traits to their local conditions. Mechanical traits have been identified as a good tool to investigate a plant-species capacity to withstand physical forces or disturbances but are still sparsely studied in seagrasses. With this study, we aimed to assess how the mechanical traits of a broadly spread seagrass species vary along a latitudinal gradient in relation to its morphometric plasticity and nutrient status. We found that seagrasses acclimate their mechanical traits in relation to their physiological or morphological traits, both over the growing season and across a latitudinal range: leaves were weaker and thinner in northern areas, particularly at the end of the growing season. Besides the influence of the latitudinal gradient, leaf mechanical strength and stiffness were both strongly affected by their morphometric plasticity. Moreover, we showed that leaves mechanical traits change depending on their nutrient status: leaves were stronger and stiffer in oligotrophic conditions as compared to more eutrophic conditions. Thus, our results imply that, under eutrophication, leaves become weaker and thus more vulnerable to physical forces. This vulnerability is higher in the north at the end of the growing season. The latter is consistent with the more ephemeral character of northern seagrass meadows, in contrast to the more evergreen southern meadows.

Published
2017

32. Identification of GLPG/ABBV-2737, a Novel Class of Corrector, Which Exerts Functional Synergy With Other CFTR Modulators

Author

Anne Sophie Wesse, Nicolas Desroy, Mathieu Rafaël Pizzonero, Mia Jans, Steven Emiel Van Der Plas, Katleen Verdonck, Katja Conrath, Tzyh Chang Hwang, Ashvani K. Singh, Gert Jules Hector De Wilde, Thierry Christophe, Pieter F. W. Stouten, Maarten Gees, Luc Nelles, Sara Musch, and Marlon Cowart

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, chloride channel, Computational biology, medicine.disease_cause, Cystic fibrosis, Unmet needs, cystic fibrosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), protein misfolding, Original Research, Pharmacology, Mutation, biology, business.industry, lcsh:RM1-950, medicine.disease, electrophysiology, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Chloride channel, biology.protein, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), business, Cftr modulator
Abstract

The deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes a severe defect in folding and trafficking of the chloride channel resulting in its absence at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells leading to cystic fibrosis. Progress in the understanding of the disease increased over the past decades and led to the awareness that combinations of mechanistically different CFTR modulators are required to obtain meaningful clinical benefit. Today, there remains an unmet need for identification and development of more effective CFTR modulator combinations to improve existing therapies for patients carrying the F508del mutation. Here, we describe the identification of a novel F508del corrector using functional assays. We provide experimental evidence that the clinical candidate GLPG/ABBV-2737 represents a novel class of corrector exerting activity both on its own and in combination with VX809 or GLPG/ABBV-2222.

Published
2019

33. The epibiotic community associated to the European flat oyster: a function of the state of development of the reef.

Author

Abel, Zempléni, Pouvreau, Stéphane, and Nicolas, Desroy

Abstract

When healthy, Ostrea edulis populations are capable of creating remarkable biogenic reefs, providing a unique habitat for marine biodiversity. At present, the biotic assemblages associated with flat oysters remain poorly defined. This study aims to analyze biodiversity associated with the reef's development stage by focusing on its epibiotic community. The studied oyster population is an old remnant bed located in the Bay of Brest, which has been undergoing restoration for 5 years. The epibiotic communities (>500 μm) of scattered individual living (n = 10) and dead (n = 9) oysters, as well as of aggregates from the ground (n = 10) and from a restored reef (n = 3) were compared. 137 species associated with oysters were found, among which 22 were specific to individual oysters and 55 to aggregates and reefs. Although reef samples formed a distinct group in the SIMPER analysis, Shannon's (between 2.25 and 2.52) and Simpson's (between 0.84 and 0.86) diversity indices remained constant for each reef development stage. Piélou's indices (between 0.71 and 0.80) were significantly lower for aggregates displaying a less evenly distributed community. Mean abundance and species richness per sample were higher for aggregated structures. However, when standardized to abundance per centimeter square of shell surface, both parameters were significantly higher for individual oysters. Therefore, while reefs may support a higher species richness at a larger spatial scale, at a smaller scale, single oysters have a higher species richness per unit area of shell. Seemingly, despite the poor state of their remnant populations, flat oysters are still hosting important macrofaunal biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Interregional comparison of benthic ecosystem functioning: Community bioturbation potential in four regions along the NE Atlantic shelf

Author

Aurélie Foveau, Henning Reiss, Jan Vanaverbeke, Nicolas Desroy, Silvana N.R. Birchenough, Gert Van Hoey, V. Van Lancker, Steven Degraer, Dario Fiorentino, Ulrike Braeckman, Michael L. Zettler, Jennifer Dannheim, Jan Holstein, Mayya Gogina, and Alexa Wrede

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, General Decision Sciences, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Species distribution modelling, Ecosystem, Biogeographic comparison, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem management, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Species diversity, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, Biodiversity attributes, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Macrofauna traits, Species richness, Bioturbation index, Bioturbation
Abstract

Bioturbation is one of the key mediators of biogeochemical processes in benthic habitats that can have a high contribution to seafloor functioning and benthic pelagic coupling in coastal waters. Previous studies on bioturbation were limited to point locations and extrapolations in single regions, but have not accounted for regional differences under changing environmental conditions, though there are indications that species contributions will differ across regions or with biotic and abiotic context. To capture those differences and assess global patterns and commonalities, multi-regional analyses are imperative. Here for the first time, bioturbation potential (BPc), a functional indicator of benthic community bioturbation, was estimated based on macrofauna data from four regions (i.e. German Baltic Sea, German North Sea, Belgian part of the North Sea and the Eastern English Channel). For each region and sediment type we identified key species contributing to BPc. Comparison within and across regions demonstrated regional differences, and both overlap and mismatch between species that are functionally important and those that are dominant in biomass. Knowledge on the functionally important species is crucial when management objectives include the protection of certain ecosystem functions. Available environmental layers were used as predictors to model the spatial distribution of BPc for each area and to explore the underlying drivers of differences. Random forest models were trained using as response variables either i) BPc initially calculated per station; or ii) BPp – the species-specific contribution to BPc – for key species (with subsequent summation of their predicted full-coverage distributions to BPc). Maps of BPc distribution predicted by random forest were compared with those generated using natural neighbour interpolation. Overall, derived BPc values increased towards the German parts of the North and Baltic Seas. The relevance of BPc for ecosystem processes and functions, however, vary with biotic and abiotic settings. Results revealed a strong association of BPc with species diversity and region, but less with sediment grain size. A large range of BPc occurred when species richness was low. This suggests that the provisioning of high bioturbation activity is possible also under low diversity, where it is vulnerable due to reduced resilience. The executed multi-regional analysis allowed identifying regional differences in performance of macrofauna, suggesting the need for region-specific conservation and management strategies.

Published
2020

35. Distribution, associated species and extent of biofouling 'reefs' formed by the alien species Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Annelida, Polychaeta) in marinas

Author

Jérôme Fournier, Nicolas Desroy, Katherine Costil, Maud Charles, Robin Faillettaz, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFREMER LER Finistère-Bretagne Nord, Station de Dinard, 38 Rue du Port Blanc, BP 80108, 35801 Dinard, France, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biofouling, Fauna, Biodiversity, Alien species, Context (language use), Alien, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Benthic communities, 14. Life underwater, Reef, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Invertebrate, Normandy (France), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Marinas, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, biology.organism_classification, Taxon, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Artificial structures in ports are commonly colonized by non-indigenous epifauna that tolerate high pollution levels. Bioconstructions built by alien species may offer sheltered microhabitats for motile (vagile) animals but biofouling often becomes detrimental to human activities. In this context, the present study provides an inventory of 1) the extent of biofouling related to the alien Polychaeta Ficopomatus enigmaticus on hard structures of marinas in Normandy, France, and 2) the biodiversity of sessile (attached) or vagile (motile) fauna associated with these “reefs”, including both native and alien species. Reefs built by F. enigmaticus were found in 6 out of 12 marinas with oligohaline-mesohaline waters. Significant differences in the total volume of biofouling were found among sites, with maximum values observed in Honfleur's old basin (459.52 mL per 0.04 m2). Ficopomatus enigmaticus greatly dominated the sessile invertebrate community both in volume (74–100%) and weight (70–100%) in 5 out of 6 marinas. The fouling formed by 5 alien species was colonized by 15 motile invertebrate taxa, including 3 cryptogenic or alien species. The alien crab Rhithropanopeus harrisi displayed the highest frequency of occurrence (>80%) and mean density (>300 ind m−2), and the global densities of sessile (except F. enigmaticus) and motile fauna were significantly correlated (r = 0.824; p 0.05). In line with previous studies, these results suggest that F. enigmaticus acts as an engineer offering shelter for reef-associated organisms. In addition, results suggest that at the regional scale, inter-site differences in motile fauna may reflect differences in environmental parameters such as salinity. The presence of F. enigmaticus at low salinity levels led to assess its potential distribution at the scale of the European coasts, suggesting that in the context of climate change, favorable conditions for spawning (>18 °C) will likely expand towards the North, and particularly in the eastern and northern Baltic Sea.

Published
2018

36. Marine sublittoral benthos fails to track temperature in response to climate change in a biogeographical transition zone

Author

François Gaudin, Stanislas F. Dubois, Eric Thiébaut, Franck Gentil, Nicolas Desroy, Jérôme Fournier, Jacques Grall, Louis Cabioch, Patrick Le Mao, Caroline Broudin, Céline Houbin, Laboratoire de Linguistique, didactique, francophonie (LiDiFra), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Synthèses sélective organique et produits naturels (SSOPN), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DIVersité et COnnectivité dans le paysage marin côtier (DIVCO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, sea bottom temperature, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, biogeographical transition zone, Climate change, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Track (rail transport), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Benthos, Transition zone, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, English Channel, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, benthos, distribution shifts, species occupancy, climate change, 13. Climate action, range limits, Geology
Abstract

Species ranges are shifting globally to track temperature changes in response to climate warming, with substantial variability among taxa. In the English Channel, a biogeographical transition zone between the cold temperate and warm temperate provinces of the North-East Atlantic, distribution shifts have been relatively well documented for plankton, fish and intertidal benthic organisms, but little information is available on sublittoral benthos. Following a description of the magnitude of the sea bottom temperature (SBT) rise, the changes in the distribution and occupancy of 65 benthic invertebrate species were analysed by comparing data collected throughout the English Channel at more than 200 stations sampled during a cool period in the 1960s–1970s and at present in 2012–2014. A non-uniform rise in SBT for the last three decades was observed at the regional scale, varying from 0.07 to 0.54°C per decade. This rise differs from that reported for sea surface temperature (SST) in stratified areas suggesting that SBT should be used rather than SST to analyse responses of subtidal organisms to climate change. Despite shifts in both minimum and maximum sea bottom isotherms (2.5 and 3.2 km.year−1, respectively), the distribution centroid shift of most species remained

Published
2018

38. Long-term changes in the species and functional diversity of a fine sand macrobenthic community in the English Channel

Author

Lise Bacouillard, Franck Gentil, Céline Houbin, Nicolas Desroy, Noémie Baux, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Katja Juliana Geiger, Eric Thiébaut, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] ( SBR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest ( IFREMER ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Functional diversity, English Channel, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oceanography, Long term data, Environmental science, Benthic macrofauna, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Long-term data, Term (time), Communication channel
Abstract

International audience; In the eastern Bay of Seine which, is a representative area of coastal zones exposed to numerous anthropogenic disturbances, data from a long-term monitoring program of the benthic macrofauna based on a framework of 60 stations sampled during 7 cruises from 1988 to 2016 were used to investigate the link between species and functional diversity at different scales and assess how long-term changes in the community structure may have altered the ecosystem functioning. To cover the different facets of ?-diversity, a selection of species and functional diversity indices were calculated and the links between these metrics were determined from a Principal Component Analysis. The alpha-diversity was analysed by applying multivariate methods on both species and traits composition matrices. Population fluctuations of a few very abundant species led to the major variations observed in the structure of the community in both taxonomic and functional aspects. A certain redundancy was found among species and functional diversity indices in terms of richness, evenness and heterogeneity. Likewise, at regional scale, similar patterns were reported on the spatial structure of the community in terms of species and trait composition. These patterns persist over time suggesting that the community structure and its functioning are rather resilient.

Published
2018

39. Analyses of the links between species and functional diversity: the effects of methodological choices to assess functional diversity

Author

Jean-Claude Dauvin, Lise Bacouillard, Franck Gentil, Céline Houbin, Nicolas Desroy, Noémie Baux, Katja Juliana Geiger, Eric Thiébaut, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] ( SBR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest ( IFREMER ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), Multivariate statistics, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Methodology, Species diversity, 15. Life on land, respiratory system, Functional diversity, Traits, Diversity index, Benthos, Geography, 13. Climate action, Abundance (ecology), Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Raw data, human activities, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract

International audience; While coastal ecosystems experience increasing pressures due to human activities and climate change, measurement of functional diversity based on the biological traits analysis (BTA) is increasingly used as a tool to assess ecosystem functioning and its responses to disturbance. A review of more than 80 papers published since 2003 highlights large differences in the methodology used to measure functional diversity, for instance in terms of the number of traits used, ranging from 3 to 25, the identity of the traits, the nature of the raw data (abundance vs. biomass). Using two different datasets on benthic macrofauna in the English Channel (i.e. a time-series of samples collected yearly from 1977 to 2016, and a spatial survey of 72 stations sampled once in 2016), we analysed how some methodological choices affect the measures of functional diversity, its spatial or temporal changes, and the links with species diversity. The local diversity was calculated from different diversity indices while multivariate methods were applied to describe β-diversity. A peculiar attention is given on the effects of two methodological choices: (1) the selection of biomass data rather than more commonly used abundance data, and (2) the differentiation between response traits and effect traits.

Published
2018

41. A review of potential impacts of submarine power cables on the marine environment: Knowledge gaps, recommendations and future directions

Author

Morgane Lejart, Andrew Want, Nicolas Desroy, Gérard Thouzeau, Bastien Taormina, Antoine Carlier, Juan Bald, France Energies Marines [Brest], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique Côtière (LEBCO), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), AZTI - Tecnalia, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Sociology of scientific knowledge, Project commissioning, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear decommissioning, Submarine power cables, Marine energy, 14. Life underwater, Environmental planning, Marine renewable energy, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Submarine, Chemical pollution, Environmental impacts, Renewable energy, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Benthic habitats, Ecosystem functioning, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

International audience; Submarine power cables (SPC) have been in use since the mid-19th century, but environmental concerns about them are much more recent. With the development of marine renewable energy technologies, it is vital to understand their potential impacts. The commissioning of SPC may temporarily or permanently impact the marine environment through habitat damage or loss, noise, chemical pollution, heat and electromagnetic field emissions, risk of entanglement, introduction of artificial substrates, and the creation of reserve effects. While growing numbers of scientific publications focus on impacts of the marine energy harnessing devices, data on impacts of associated power connections such as SPC are scarce and knowledge gaps persist. The present study (1) examines the different categories of potential ecological effects of SPC during installation, operation and decommissioning phases and hierarchizes these types of interactions according to their ecological relevance and existing scientific knowledge, (2) identifies the main knowledge gaps and needs for research, and (3) sets recommendations for better monitoring and mitigation of the most significant impacts. Overall, ecological impacts associated with SPC can be considered weak or moderate, although many uncertainties remain, particularly concerning electromagnetic effects.

Published
2018

42. Exploitation of intertidal feeding resources by the red knot Calidris canutus under megatidal conditions (Bay of Saint-Brieuc, France)

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Anthony Sturbois, Jérôme Fournier, Patrick Le Mao, Alain Ponsero, Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie St-Brieuc, Réserves Naturelles de France-Réserves Naturelles de France, Synthèses sélective organique et produits naturels (SSOPN), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
food.ingredient, Foraging, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, Megatidal environment, Predation, Benthos, food, Donax vittatus, Intertidal flat, 14. Life underwater, Bay of Saint-Brieuc, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Diet, Fishery, Calidris, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract

The feeding ecology of the red knot has been widely studied across its wintering range. Red knots mainly select bivalves and gastropods, with differences between sites due to variation in prey availability. The shorebird's diet is also influenced or controlled by the tidal regime. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the adaptation of foraging red knots to the megatidal environment. The variation in their diet during tidal cycles was studied in the bay of Saint-Brieuc, a functional unit for this species. The method used combined macrofauna, distribution of foraging birds and diet data. Comparative spatial analyses of macrofauna and distribution of foraging red knots have shown that the bay's four benthic assemblages are exploited by birds. By analysing droppings, we highlighted that bivalve molluscs are the main component of their diet, as shown in most overwintering sites. Fifteen types of prey were identified and Donax vittatus was discovered to be a significant prey item. The relative proportion of each main prey item differs significantly depending on the benthic assemblage used to forage. All available benthic assemblages and all potential feeding resources can be used during a single tidal cycle, reflecting an adaptation to megatidal conditions. This approach develops accurate knowledge about the feeding ecology of birds which managers need in order to identify optimal areas for the conservation of waders based on the areas and resources actually used by the birds.

Published
2015

43. A coupled biophysical model for the distribution of the great scallop Pecten maximus in the English Channel

Author

Philippe Cugier, Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie, Clément Le Goff, Fred Jean, Romain Lavaud, Aurélie Foveau, Spyros Fifas, Nicolas Desroy, Eric Foucher, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), ANR-10-STRA-0010,COMANCHE,Interactions écosystémiques et impacts anthropiques dans les populations de Coquilles St-Jacques de la Manche(2010), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique Côtière (LEBCO), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques de Port-en-Bessin (LRHPB), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), and LITTORAL (LITTORAL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population dynamic model, Dynamic energy budget, Population, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Biological constraints, Pecten maximus, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, English Channel, Larval dispersion, biology, Ecology, Food availability, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, biology.organism_classification, Ecophysiological model, Scallop, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; In this paper we used a modelling approach integrating both physical and biological constraints to understand the biogeographical distribution of the great scallop Pecten maximus in the English Channel during its whole life cycle. A 3D bio-hydrodynamical model (ECO-MARS3D) providing environmental conditions was coupled to (i) a population dynamics model and (ii) an individual ecophysiological model (Dynamic Energy Budget model). We performed the coupling sequentially, which underlined the respective role of biological and physical factors in defining P. maximus distribution in the English Channel. Results show that larval dispersion by hydrodynamics explains most of the scallop distribution and enlighten the main known hotspots for the population, basically corresponding to the main fishing areas. The mechanistic description of individual bioenergetics shows that food availability and temperature control growth and reproduction and explain how populations may maintain themselves in particular locations. This last coupling leads to more realistic densities and distributions of adults in the English Channel. The results of this study improves our knowledge on the stock and distribution dynamics of P. maximus, and provides grounds for useful tools to support management strategies.

Published
2017

44. Building functional groups of marine benthic macroinvertebrates on the basis of general community assembly mechanisms

Author

Nikolaos Alexandridis, Nicolas Desroy, Cédric Bacher, Fred Jean, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique Côtière (LEBCO), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biological traits, Ecology (disciplines), Niche, Biodiversity, Aquatic Science, Biology, Functional diversity, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Emergent groups, Functional redundancy, Benthic communities, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate, Basis (linear algebra), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, functional diversity, Benthic zone, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Functional divergence, Assembly mechanisms
Abstract

WOS:000394716200001; International audience; The accurate reproduction of the spatial and temporal dynamics of marine benthic biodiversity requires the development of mechanistic models, based on the processes that shape macroinvertebrate communities. The modelled entities should, accordingly, be able to adequately represent the many functional roles that are performed by benthic organisms. With this goal in mind, we applied the emergent group hypothesis (EGH), which assumes functional equivalence within and functional divergence between groups of species. The first step of the grouping involved the selection of 14 biological traits that describe the role of benthic macroinvertebrates in 7 important community assembly mechanisms. A matrix of trait values for the 240 species that occurred in the Rance estuary (Brittany, France) in 1995 formed the basis for a hierarchical classification that generated 20 functional groups, each with its own trait values. The functional groups were first evaluated based on their ability to represent observed patterns of biodiversity. The two main assumptions of the EGH were then tested, by assessing the preservation of niche attributes among the groups and the neutrality of functional differences within them. The generally positive results give us confidence in the ability of the grouping to recreate functional diversity in the Rance estuary. A first look at the emergent groups provides insights into the potential role of community assembly mechanisms in shaping biodiversity patterns. Our next steps include the derivation of general rules of interaction and their incorporation, along with the functional groups, into mechanistic models of benthic biodiversity.

Published
2017

45. Qualitative modelling of functional relationships in marine benthic communities

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Jeffrey M. Dambacher, Fred Jean, Cédric Bacher, Nikolaos Alexandridis, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique Côtière (LEBCO), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biological traits, body-size, Ecology (disciplines), growth, Biodiversity, Biotic interactions, Biology, Ecological systems theory, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity, scale, 14. Life underwater, ecological networks, biodiversity, Abiotic component, geography, mechanisms, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, complex food webs, Community assembly, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, ACL, Estuary, 15. Life on land, Ecological network, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Benthic macroinvertebrates, Functional groups, systems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, competition, Qualitative modelling
Abstract

WOS:000411771800028; International audience; In order to better understand and predict the dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, we need to first define the functional components of benthic biodiversity and then provide a mechanistic description of how they interact with their abiotic environment, their basic resources and each other. These interactions should be largely controlled by readily available biological traits, making trait-based modelling an ideal framework for the synthesis of relevant hypotheses from ecological theory and expert knowledge. With the help of benthic species traits, we derived a set of first principles regarding the role of organisms in processes of environmental filtering, consumption of algae/detritus, predation, use of space, biogenic habitat modification and trade-offs in the utilization and allocation of resources. These principles were incorporated into qualitative models in the form of functional relationships linking groups of,benthic organisms in the Rance estuary (Brittany, France). The general stability of these models illustrates their potential to persist in time and to constitute a plausible representation of the natural world. Their structure provides insight into the role of various community assembly mechanisms and the direction that the system might take in response to perturbations. The results are expected to inform the development of quantitative models reproducing the spatial and temporal dynamics of marine benthic biodiversity in the Rance estuary.

Published
2017

46. Discovery of 2-[[2-Ethyl-6-[4-[2-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-8-methylimidazo[1, 2-a]pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole-5-carbonitrile (GLPG1690), a First-in-Class Autotaxin Inhibitor Undergoing Clinical Evaluation for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Author

Nele Vandervoort, Xavier Marie Bock, Patrick Mollat, Jovica Ralić, Alain Monjardet, Nicolas Triballeau, Thierry Christophe, Ellen van der Aar, Marieke Lamers, Boska Hrvacic, Nicolas Desroy, Bertrand Heckmann, Line Oste, Emilie Rondet, Virginie Labeguere, Roland Blanque, Veronique Roncoroni, Christopher Gaëtan Housseman, Sandrine Le Tallec, Natacha Bienvenu, C. Cottereaux, M. Auberval, Reginald Brys, Laëtitia Cherel, Emanuelle Wakselman, Picolet Olivier Laurent, Jean-Marie Grassot, Agnès Marie Joncour, Christophe Peixoto, and Denis Annoot

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, hERG, Pharmacology, autoaxin inhibitor, LPA, pulmonary fibrosis, bleomycin-induced model in mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, Drug Discovery, Pulmonary fibrosis, medicine, Animals, Humans, Thiazole, Mice, Knockout, Lung, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Chemistry, Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases, Imidazoles, medicine.disease, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, Bronchoalveolar lavage, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pyrimidines, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Autotaxin
Abstract

Autotaxin is a circulating enzyme with a major role in the production of lysophosphatic acid (LPA) species in blood. A role for the autotaxin/LPA axis has been suggested in many disease areas including pulmonary fibrosis. Structural modifications of the known autotaxin inhibitor lead compound 1, to attenuate hERG inhibition, remove CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition, and improve pharmacokinetic properties, led to the identification of clinical candidate GLPG1690 (11). Compound 11 was able to cause a sustained reduction of LPA levels in plasma in vivo and was shown to be efficacious in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in mice and in reducing extracellular matrix deposition in the lung while also reducing LPA 18:2 content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Compound 11 is currently being evaluated in an exploratory phase 2a study in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients.

Published
2017

47. Regional and latitudinal patterns of soft-bottom macrobenthic invertebrates along French coasts: Results from the RESOMAR database

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Michel Le Duff, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Antoine Grémare, Céline Houbin, Franck Gentil, Frédéric Olivier, Jérôme Jourde, Olivier Gauthier, Xavier de Montaudouin, Sandrine Laurand, Hugues Blanchet, Nicolas Lavesque, Céline Labrune, Vincent M.P. Bouchet, Jacques Grall, Francis Orvain, Eric Thiébaut, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Paulo Bonifácio, Régis Gallon, Guy Bachelet, Vincent Le Garrec, Laurent Guerin, Institut national des sciences et techniques de la mer (INTECHMER), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station marine Dinard, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Normandie Université (NU), ANR-13-BSV7-0006, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ANR-13-BSV7-0006,BenthoVal,Valorisation de la base de données Macrofaune benthique du RESOMAR : évaluation la dynamique spatio-temporelle des communautés benthique côtières et de l'État Écologique des habitats dans le cadre de la DCSMM et de la DCE(2013), Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer ( INTECHMER ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques ( LECOB ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale ( ULCO ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), CRESCO, Station IFREMER, CRESCO, Station IFREMER, 38 rue du Port-Blanc, BP 80108, 35801 Dinard Cedex, France, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] ( SBR ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06 ( Sorbonne University ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique ( ONIRIS ), Laboratoire d'ingénierie osteo-articulaire et dentaire ( LIOAD ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -IFR26-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Brest (UBO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO), Sorbonne Université (SU), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Laboratoire d'ingénierie osteo-articulaire et dentaire (LIOAD), Université de Nantes (UN)-IFR26-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Latitudinal pattern, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Hotspot (geology), zoobenthos, 14. Life underwater, species richness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Database, Soft-bottom, Phylum, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, 15. Life on land, Zoobenthos, Regional pattern, Geography, Taxon, Habitat, DISCOVERY, Species richness, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, Bay, Global biodiversity
Abstract

International audience; This study aims to describe the patterns of soft bottom macrozoobenthic richness along French coasts. It is based on a collaborative database developed by the “Réseau des Stations et Observatoires Marins” (RESOMAR). We investigated patterns of species richness in sublittoral soft bottom habitats (EUNIS level 3) at two different spatial scales: 1) seaboards: English Channel, Bay of Biscay and Mediterranean Sea and 2) 0.5° latitudinal and longitudinal grid. Total observed richness, rarefaction curves and three incidence-based richness estimators (Chao2, ICE and Jacknife1) were used to compare soft bottom habitats species richness in each seaboard. Overall, the Mediterranean Sea has the highest richness and despite higher sampling effort, the English Channel hosts the lowest number of species. The distribution of species occurrence within and between seaboards was assessed for each major phylum using constrained rarefaction curves. The Mediterranean Sea hosts the highest number of exclusive species. In pairwise comparisons, it also shares a lower proportion of taxa with the Bay of Biscay (34.1%) or the English Channel (27.6%) than that shared between these two seaboards (49.7%). Latitudinal species richness patterns along the Atlantic and English Channel coasts were investigated for each major phylum using partial LOESS regression controlling for sampling effort. This showed the existence of a bell-shaped latitudinal pattern, highlighting Brittany as a hotspot for macrobenthic richness at the confluence of two biogeographic provinces.

Published
2017

48. The role of structuring benthos for juvenile flatfish

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Magda Vincx, Marijn Rabaut, J. van Dalfsen, Steven Degraer, M. Audfroid Calderon, and L. Van de Moortel

Subjects
flounder, 0106 biological sciences, Common sole, habitat suitability, growth, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pleuronectes platessa [Plaice], l, platichthys-flesus, Ecosystem engineer, Juvenile flatfish, feeding ecology, Flatfish, Benthos, Pleuronectes platessa, Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) [Sand mason], Juvenile, sole solea-solea, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Juveniles, plaice pleuronectes-platessa, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Shelter, Wageningen Marine Research, Lanice conchilega, Fishery, polychaete lanice-conchilega, Habitat, Feeding ground, community
Abstract

article i nfo Within coastal nurseries, the distribution of juvenile flatfish may depend on small-scale habitat variability. The presence of ecosystem engineers is known to have important impacts in coastal sediments. Lanice conchilega is a well-known marine ecosystem engineer of shallow soft bottom ecosystems, shaping the macrobenthic community and attracting flatfish. The present study examines the relation between juvenile flatfish and L. conchilega reefs through two experiments. In a field experiment in the Dutch part of the North Sea, the benthic habitat is evaluated by comparing relative differences in numbers of juvenile flatfish between ecosystem engineered habitats and adjacent bare sand (i.e. non-ecosystem engineered) habitats. The hypothetical shelter seeking behaviour was further examined using stomach content analyses. Results show that juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa was the dominant species within the tube worm habitat and the species selects specifically for this biogenic habitat. This selection was explained as feeding behaviour. In a complementary laboratory study, food was excluded and the shelter function of the ecosystem engineered habitat was investigated. This experiment quantifies the selection for this habitat by juveniles of the common sole Solea solea. Results from the flume experiment, manipulating the number of tube worms, show that distribution of sole was not random when current velocities are high. The selected habitat is the one with low density tube worm aggregations. Overall, we conclude that structuring benthos plays an important role for juvenile flatfish, both as refuge and as feeding ground. © 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Published
2013

49. How do macrobenthic resources concentrate foraging waders in large megatidal sandflats?

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Anthony Sturbois, Auriane G. Jones, Patrick Le Mao, Alain Ponsero, Jérôme Fournier, Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie St-Brieuc, Réserves Naturelles de France-Réserves Naturelles de France, Synthèses sélective organique et produits naturels (SSOPN), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Thales Optronique S.A.S., and Thales Optronique S.A.S

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Foraging, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Megatidal environment, Benthos, Foraging behavior, Oystercatcher, Macrobenthos, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Shore, Eurasian curlew, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Waders, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Sandflat, Godwit, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract

The relationship between foraging shorebirds, macrobenthos and sedimentary parameters has been widely studied across Western Europe. Megatidal areas have large zones uncovered when the water retreats. Consequently, in such cases, the tide also influences foraging activities. This paper examines the use of an intertidal space by waders to define how macrobenthic resource concentrates foraging activity of birds in a large megatidal sandflat. This approach combines accurate spatial distribution of waders (Oystercatcher, Eurasian curlew, Bar-tailed Godwit and Redknot) according to their activity with ecological/biological parameters. A differential exploitation of the flat is clearly shown, with macrobenthic biomass appearing as one of the main explanatory factor for the four species considered on the western part of the bay and altitude (shore elevation) in the eastern part. The novelty of this study relates to the large area, also presumed to be a functional unit, while considering at the same time the singularities of the different parts of the flat. This multi-scale approach identifies important factors influencing the differential distribution patterns observed. The different selected parameters present an important variability in their contribution, underlining the complexity of explaining the distribution of foraging birds. Consequently, the study of such complex phenomena needs to consider additional variables to improve the relevance of explanatory models.

Published
2016

50. Pollen limitation may be a common Allee effect in marine hydrophilous plants: implications for decline and recovery in seagrasses

Author

Nicolas Desroy, Laurent Godet, Isabelle Auby, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Tiago F. Grilo, Petra Kadel, T. van der Heide, M.M. van Katwijk, Bárbara Ondiviela, Patricia Cardoso, Florian Ganthy, Joxe Mikel Garmendia, B.I. van Tussenbroek, Jérôme Fournier, Ragnhild Asmus, Mireia Valle, María Recio, Fernando G. Brun, Laura M. Soissons, Gloria Peralta, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Marine and environmental research centre - IMAR-CMA (Coimbra, Portugal), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AZTI - Tecnalia, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Universidad de Cádiz (UCA), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), Marine Research Division, AZTI, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Environmental Science [Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Netherlands]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Seed production, Pollination, Population, Density dependence, Flowers, medicine.disease_cause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Abiotic pollination, symbols.namesake, Magnoliopsida, Pollen, Botany, medicine, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Allee effect, education.field_of_study, Zostera noltei, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Reproduction, Aquatic Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, Seeds, symbols, Habitat fragmentation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Pollen limitation may be an important factor in accelerated decline of sparse or fragmented populations. Little is known whether hydrophilous plants (pollen transport by water) suffer from an Allee effect due to pollen limitation or not. Hydrophilous pollination is a typical trait of marine angiosperms or seagrasses. Although seagrass flowers usually have high pollen production, floral densities are highly variable. We evaluated pollen limitation for intertidal populations of the seagrass Zostera noltei in The Netherlands and found a significant positive relation between flowering spathe density and fruit-set, which wassuboptimal at

Published
2016

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