Search

Your search keyword '"Nicolas Arning"' showing total 8 results
Start Over Author "Nicolas Arning"
8 results on '"Nicolas Arning"'

1. Machine learning to predict the source of campylobacteriosis using whole genome data.

Author

Nicolas Arning, Samuel K Sheppard, Sion Bayliss, David A Clifton, and Daniel J Wilson

Subjects
Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Campylobacteriosis is among the world's most common foodborne illnesses, caused predominantly by the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni. Effective interventions require determination of the infection source which is challenging as transmission occurs via multiple sources such as contaminated meat, poultry, and drinking water. Strain variation has allowed source tracking based upon allelic variation in multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) genes allowing isolates from infected individuals to be attributed to specific animal or environmental reservoirs. However, the accuracy of probabilistic attribution models has been limited by the ability to differentiate isolates based upon just 7 MLST genes. Here, we broaden the input data spectrum to include core genome MLST (cgMLST) and whole genome sequences (WGS), and implement multiple machine learning algorithms, allowing more accurate source attribution. We increase attribution accuracy from 64% using the standard iSource population genetic approach to 71% for MLST, 85% for cgMLST and 78% for kmerized WGS data using the classifier we named aiSource. To gain insight beyond the source model prediction, we use Bayesian inference to analyse the relative affinity of C. jejuni strains to infect humans and identified potential differences, in source-human transmission ability among clonally related isolates in the most common disease causing lineage (ST-21 clonal complex). Providing generalizable computationally efficient methods, based upon machine learning and population genetics, we provide a scalable approach to global disease surveillance that can continuously incorporate novel samples for source attribution and identify fine-scale variation in transmission potential.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Author

Matteo D’Antonio, Jennifer P. Nguyen, Timothy D. Arthur, Hiroko Matsui, Agnieszka D’Antonio-Chronowska, Kelly A. Frazer, Benjamin M. Neale, Mark Daly, Andrea Ganna, Christine Stevens, Gita A. Pathak, Shea J. Andrews, Masahiro Kanai, Mattia Cordioli, Juha Karjalainen, Renato Polimanti, Matti Pirinen, Nadia Harerimana, Kumar Veerapen, Brooke Wolford, Huy Nguyen, Matthew Solomonson, Rachel G. Liao, Karolina Chwialkowska, Amy Trankiem, Mary K. Balaconis, Caroline Hayward, Anne Richmond, Archie Campbell, Marcela Morris, Chloe Fawns-Ritchie, Joseph T. Glessner, Douglas M. Shaw, Xiao Chang, Hannah Polikowski, Petty E. Lauren, Hung-Hsin Chen, Zhu Wanying, Hakon Hakonarson, David J. Porteous, Jennifer Below, Kari North, Joseph B. McCormick, Paul R.H.J. Timmers, James F. Wilson, Albert Tenesa, Kenton D’Mellow, Shona M. Kerr, Mari E.K. Niemi, Lindokuhle Nkambul, Kathrin Aprile von Hohenstaufen, Ali Sobh, Madonna M. Eltoukhy, Amr M. Yassen, Mohamed A.F. Hegazy, Kamal Okasha, Mohammed A. Eid, Hanteera S. Moahmed, Doaa Shahin, Yasser M. El-Sherbiny, Tamer A. Elhadidy, Mohamed S. Abd Elghafar, Jehan J. El-Jawhari, Attia A.S. Mohamed, Marwa H. Elnagdy, Amr Samir, Mahmoud Abdel-Aziz, Walid T. Khafaga, Walaa M. El-Lawaty, Mohamed S. Torky, Mohamed R. El-shanshory, Chiara Batini, Paul H. Lee, Nick Shrine, Alexander T. Williams, Martin D. Tobin, Anna L. Guyatt, Catherine John, Richard J. Packer, Altaf Ali, Robert C. Free, Xueyang Wang, Louise V. Wain, Edward J. Hollox, Laura D. Venn, Catherine E. Bee, Emma L. Adams, Ahmadreza Niavarani, Bahareh Sharififard, Rasoul Aliannejad, Ali Amirsavadkouhi, Zeinab Naderpour, Hengameh Ansari Tadi, Afshar Etemadi Aleagha, Saeideh Ahmadi, Seyed Behrooz Mohseni Moghaddam, Alireza Adamsara, Morteza Saeedi, Hamed Abdollahi, Abdolmajid Hosseini, Pajaree Chariyavilaskul, Monpat Chamnanphon, Thitima B. Suttichet, Vorasuk Shotelersuk, Monnat Pongpanich, Chureerat Phokaew, Wanna Chetruengchai, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Opass Putchareon, Pattama Torvorapanit, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Pintip Suchartlikitwong, Nattiya Hirankarn, Voraphoj Nilaratanakul, Pimpayao Sodsai, Ben M. Brumpton, Kristian Hveem, Cristen Willer, Wei Zhou, Tormod Rogne, Erik Solligard, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Malak Abedalthagafi, Manal Alaamery, Saleh Alqahtani, Dona Baraka, Fawz Al Harthi, Ebtehal Alsolm, Leen Abu Safieh, Albandary M. Alowayn, Fatimah Alqubaishi, Amal Al Mutairi, Serghei Mangul, Abdulraheem Alshareef, Mona Sawaji, Mansour Almutairi, Nora Aljawini, Nour Albesher, Yaseen M. Arabi, Ebrahim S. Mahmoud, Amin K. Khattab, Roaa T. Halawani, Ziab Z. Alahmadey, Jehad K. Albakri, Walaa A. Felemban, Bandar A. Suliman, Rana Hasanato, Laila Al-Awdah, Jahad Alghamdi, Deema AlZahrani, Sameera AlJohani, Hani Al-Afghani, May Alrashed, Nouf AlDhawi, Hadeel AlBardis, Sarah Alkwai, Moneera Alswailm, Faisal Almalki, Maha Albeladi, Iman Almohammed, Eman Barhoush, Anoud Albader, Salam Massadeh, Abdulaziz AlMalik, Sara Alotaibi, Bader Alghamdi, Junghyun Jung, Mohammad S. Fawzy, Yunsung Lee, Per Magnus, Lill-Iren S. Trogstad, Øyvind Helgeland, Jennifer R. Harris, Massimo Mangino, Tim D. Spector, Duncan Emma, Sandra P. Smieszek, Bartlomiej P. Przychodzen, Christos Polymeropoulos, Vasilios Polymeropoulos, Mihael H. Polymeropoulos, Israel Fernandez-Cadenas, Jordi Perez-Tur, Laia Llucià-Carol, Natalia Cullell, Elena Muiño, Jara Cárcel-Márquez, Marta L. DeDiego, Lara Lloret Iglesias, Anna M. Planas, Alex Soriano, Veronica Rico, Daiana Agüero, Josep L. Bedini, Francisco Lozano, Carlos Domingo, Veronica Robles, Francisca Ruiz-Jaén, Leonardo Márquez, Juan Gomez, Eliecer Coto, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Marta García-Clemente, David Dalmau, Maria J. Arranz, Beatriz Dietl, Alex Serra-Llovich, Pere Soler, Roger Colobrán, Andrea Martín-Nalda, Alba Parra Martínez, David Bernardo, Silvia Rojo, Aida Fiz-López, Elisa Arribas, Paloma de la Cal-Sabater, Tomás Segura, Esther González-Villa, Gemma Serrano-Heras, Joan Martí-Fàbregas, Elena Jiménez-Xarrié, Alicia de Felipe Mimbrera, Jaime Masjuan, Sebastian García-Madrona, Anna Domínguez-Mayoral, Joan Montaner Villalonga, Paloma Menéndez-Valladares, Daniel I. Chasman, Julie E. Buring, Paul M. Ridker, Giulianini Franco, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, Joseph R. Glessner, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Andre G. Uitterlinden, M. Arfan Ikram, Kati Kristiansson, Sami Koskelainen, Markus Perola, Kati Donner, Katja Kivinen, Aarno Palotie, Samuli Ripatti, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Mari Kaunisto, null FinnGen, Tomoko Nakanishi, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Vincenzo Forgetta, David R. Morrison, Biswarup Ghosh, Laetitia Laurent, Alexandre Belisle, Danielle Henry, Tala Abdullah, Olumide Adeleye, Noor Mamlouk, Nofar Kimchi, Zaman Afrasiabi, Nardin Rezk Branka Vulesevic, Meriem Bouab, Charlotte Guzman, Louis Petitjean, Chris Tselios, Xiaoqing Xue, Erwin Schurr, Jonathan Afilalo, Marc Afilalo, Maureen Oliveira, Bluma Brenner, Pierre Lepage, Jiannis Ragoussis, Daniel Auld, Nathalie Brassard, Madeleine Durand, Michaël Chassé, Daniel E. Kaufmann, G. Mark Lathrop, Vincent Mooser, J. Brent Richards, Rui Li, Darin Adra, Souad Rahmouni, Michel Georges, Michel Moutschen, Benoit Misset, Gilles Darcis, Julien Guiot, Julien Guntz, Samira Azarzar, Stéphanie Gofflot, Yves Beguin, Sabine Claassen, Olivier Malaise, Pascale Huynen, Christelle Meuris, Marie Thys, Jessica Jacques, Philippe Léonard, Frederic Frippiat, Jean-Baptiste Giot, Anne-Sophie Sauvage, Christian Von Frenckell, Yasmine Belhaj, Bernard Lambermont, Sara Pigazzini, Lindokuhle Nkambule, Michelle Daya, Jonathan Shortt, Nicholas Rafaels, Stephen J. Wicks, Kristy Crooks, Kathleen C. Barnes, Christopher R. Gignoux, Sameer Chavan, Triin Laisk, Kristi Läll, Maarja Lepamets, Reedik Mägi, Tõnu Esko, Ene Reimann, Lili Milani, Helene Alavere, Kristjan Metsalu, Mairo Puusepp, Andres Metspalu, Paul Naaber, Edward Laane, Jaana Pesukova, Pärt Peterson, Kai Kisand, Jekaterina Tabri, Raili Allos, Kati Hensen, Joel Starkopf, Inge Ringmets, Anu Tamm, Anne Kallaste, Pierre-Yves Bochud, Carlo Rivolta, Stéphanie Bibert, Mathieu Quinodoz, Dhryata Kamdar, Noémie Boillat, Semira Gonseth Nussle, Werner Albrich, Noémie Suh, Dionysios Neofytos, Véronique Erard, Cathy Voide, null FHoGID, null RegCOVID, null P-PredictUs, null SeroCOVID, null CRiPSI, Rafael de Cid, Iván Galván-Femenía, Natalia Blay, Anna Carreras, Beatriz Cortés, Xavier Farré, Lauro Sumoy, Victor Moreno, Josep Maria Mercader, Marta Guindo-Martinez, David Torrents, Manolis Kogevinas, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Carlota Dobaño, Alessandra Renieri, Francesca Mari, Chiara Fallerini, Sergio Daga, Elisa Benetti, Margherita Baldassarri, Francesca Fava, Elisa Frullanti, Floriana Valentino, Gabriella Doddato, Annarita Giliberti, Rossella Tita, Sara Amitrano, Mirella Bruttini, Susanna Croci, Ilaria Meloni, Maria Antonietta Mencarelli, Caterina Lo Rizzo, Anna Maria Pinto, Giada Beligni, Andrea Tommasi, Laura Di Sarno, Maria Palmieri, Miriam Lucia Carriero, Diana Alaverdian, Stefano Busani, Raffaele Bruno, Marco Vecchia, Mary Ann Belli, Nicola Picchiotti, Maurizio Sanarico, Marco Gori, Simone Furini, Stefania Mantovani, Serena Ludovisi, Mario Umberto Mondelli, Francesco Castelli, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan, Melania Degli Antoni, Isabella Zanella, Massimo Vaghi, Stefano Rusconi, Matteo Siano, Francesca Montagnani, Arianna Emiliozzi, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Barbara Rossetti, Elena Bargagli, Laura Bergantini, Miriana D’Alessandro, Paolo Cameli, David Bennett, Federico Anedda, Simona Marcantonio, Sabino Scolletta, Federico Franchi, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Susanna Guerrini, Edoardo Conticini, Luca Cantarini, Bruno Frediani, Danilo Tacconi, Chiara Spertilli, Marco Feri, Alice Donati, Raffaele Scala, Luca Guidelli, Genni Spargi, Marta Corridi, Cesira Nencioni, Leonardo Croci, Maria Bandini, Gian Piero Caldarelli, Paolo Piacentini, Elena Desanctis, Silvia Cappelli, Anna Canaccini, Agnese Verzuri, Valentina Anemoli, Agostino Ognibene, Alessandro Pancrazzi, Maria Lorubbio, Antonella D’Arminio Monforte, Federica Gaia Miraglia, Massimo Girardis, Sophie Venturelli, Andrea Cossarizza, Andrea Antinori, Alessandra Vergori, Arianna Gabrieli, Agostino Riva, Daniela Francisci, Elisabetta Schiaroli, Francesco Paciosi, Pier Giorgio Scotton, Francesca Andretta, Sandro Panese, Renzo Scaggiante, Francesca Gatti, Saverio Giuseppe Parisi, Stefano Baratti, Matteo Della Monica, Carmelo Piscopo, Mario Capasso, Roberta Russo, Immacolata Andolfo, Achille Iolascon, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Massimo Carella, Marco Castori, Giuseppe Merla, Gabriella Maria Squeo, Filippo Aucella, Pamela Raggi, Carmen Marciano, Rita Perna, Matteo Bassetti, Antonio Di Biagio, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Luca Masucci, Serafina Valente, Marco Mandalà, Alessia Giorli, Lorenzo Salerni, Patrizia Zucchi, Pierpaolo Parravicini, Elisabetta Menatti, Tullio Trotta, Ferdinando Giannattasio, Gabriella Coiro, Fabio Lena, Domenico A. Coviello, Cristina Mussini, Enrico Martinelli, Sandro Mancarella, Luisa Tavecchia, Lia Crotti, Chiara Gabbi, Marco Rizzi, Franco Maggiolo, Diego Ripamonti, Tiziana Bachetti, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Simona Sarzi-Braga, Maurizio Bussotti, Stefano Ceri, Pietro Pinoli, Francesco Raimondi, Filippo Biscarini, Alessandra Stella, Kristina Zguro, Katia Capitani, Claudia Suardi, Simona Dei, Gianfranco Parati, Sabrina Ravaglia, Rosangela Artuso, Giordano Bottà, Paolo Di Domenico, Ilaria Rancan, Antonio Perrella Francesco Bianchi, Davide Romani, Paola Bergomi, Emanuele Catena, Riccardo Colombo, Marco Tanfoni, Antonella Vincenti, Claudio Ferri, Davide Grassi, Gloria Pessina, Mario Tumbarello, Massimo Di Pietro, Ravaglia Sabrina, Sauro Luchi, Chiara Barbieri, Donatella Acquilini, Elena Andreucci, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Giusy Tiseo, Marco Falcone, Mirjam Lista, Monica Poscente, Oreste De Vivo, Paola Petrocelli, Alessandra Guarnaccia, Silvia Baroni, Albert V. Smith, Andrew P. Boughton, Kevin W. Li, Jonathon LeFaive, Aubrey Annis, Anne E. Justice, Tooraj Mirshahi, Geetha Chittoor, Navya Shilpa Josyula, Jack A. Kosmicki, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Joseph B. Leader, Dave J. Carey, Matthew C. Gass, Julie E. Horowitz, Michael N. Cantor, Ashish Yadav, Aris Baras, Goncalo R. Abecasis, David A. van Heel, Karen A. Hunt, Dan Mason, Qin Qin Huang, Sarah Finer, null Genes & Health Research Team, Bhavi Trivedi, Christopher J. Griffiths, Hilary C. Martin, John Wright, Richard C. Trembath, Nicole Soranzo, Jing Hua Zhao, Adam S. Butterworth, John Danesh, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Lude Franke Marike Boezen, Patrick Deelen, Annique Claringbould, Esteban Lopera, Robert Warmerdam, Judith.M. Vonk, Irene van Blokland, Pauline Lanting, Anil P.S. Ori, Brooke Wolford Sebastian Zöllner, Jiongming Wang, Andrew Beck, Gina Peloso, Yuk-Lam Ho, Yan V. Sun, Jennifer E. Huffman, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Kelly Cho, Phil Tsao, J. Michael Gaziano, Michel (M.G.) Nivard, Eco (E.J.C.) de geus, Meike Bartels, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Scott T. Weiss, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Jordan W. Smoller, Robert C. Green, Yen-Chen Anne Feng, Josep Mercader, Shawn N. Murphy, James B. Meigs, Ann E. Woolley, Emma F. Perez, Daniel Rader, Anurag Verma, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Binglan Li, Shefali S. Verma, Anastasia Lucas, Yuki Bradford, Hugo Zeberg, Robert Frithiof, Michael Hultström, Miklos Lipcsey, Lindo Nkambul, Nicolas Tardif, Olav Rooyackers, Jonathan Grip, Tomislav Maricic, Konrad J. Karczewski, Elizabeth G. Atkinson, Kristin Tsuo, Nikolas Baya, Patrick Turley, Rahul Gupta, Shawneequa Callier, Raymond K. Walters, Duncan S. Palmer, Gopal Sarma, Nathan Cheng, Wenhan Lu, Sam Bryant, Claire Churchhouse, Caroline Cusick, Jacqueline I. Goldstein, Daniel King, Cotton Seed, Hilary Finucane, Alicia R. Martin, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Daniel J. Wilson, Jacob Armstrong, Justine K. Rudkin, Gavin Band, Sarah G. Earle, Shang-Kuan Lin, Nicolas Arning, Derrick W. Crook, David H. Wyllie, Anne Marie O’Connell, Chris C.A. Spencer, Nils Koelling, Mark J. Caulfield, Richard H. Scott, Tom Fowler, Loukas Moutsianas, Athanasios Kousathanas, Dorota Pasko, Susan Walker, Augusto Rendon, Alex Stuckey, Christopher A. Odhams, Daniel Rhodes, Georgia Chan, Prabhu Arumugam, Catherine A. Ball, Eurie L. Hong, Kristin Rand, Ahna Girshick, Harendra Guturu, Asher Haug Baltzell, Genevieve Roberts, Danny Park, Marie Coignet, Shannon McCurdy, Spencer Knight, Raghavendran Partha, Brooke Rhead, Miao Zhang, Nathan Berkowitz, Michael Gaddis, Keith Noto, Luong Ruiz, Milos Pavlovic, Laura G. Sloofman, Alexander W. Charney, Noam D. Beckmann, Eric E. Schadt, Daniel M. Jordan, Ryan C. Thompson, Kyle Gettler, Noura S. Abul-Husn, Steven Ascolillo, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Judy H. Cho, Yuval Itan, Eimear E. Kenny, Gillian M. Belbin, Stuart C. Sealfon, Robert P. Sebra, Irene Salib, Brett L. Collins, Tess Levy, Bari Britvan, Katherine Keller, Lara Tang, Michael Peruggia, Liam L. Hiester, Kristi Niblo, Alexandra Aksentijevich, Alexander Labkowsky, Avromie Karp, Menachem Zlatopolsky, Michael Preuss, Ruth J.F. Loos, Girish N. Nadkarni, Ron Do, Clive Hoggart, Sam Choi, Slayton J. Underwood, Paul O’Reilly, Laura M. Huckins, Marissa Zyndorf, AII - Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, and Neurology

Subjects
Medical Physiology, Gene Expression, Genome-wide association study, Genome, Severity of Illness Index, colocalization, Gene expression, Databases, Genetic, Ethnicity, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, GWAS, Aetiology, Biology (General), Lung, Genetics, Chromosome Mapping, Single Nucleotide, Organ Specificity, Biotechnology, Cell type, QH301-705.5, Quantitative Trait Loci, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, eQTL, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Databases, Genetic, SNP, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, Polymorphism, Gene, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Gene Expression Profiling, Prevention, Human Genome, Computational Biology, Genetic Variation, Good Health and Well Being, Expression quantitative trait loci, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Transcriptome, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types., Graphical abstract, D’Antonio et al. characterize associations between GWAS signals for COVID-19 disease and eQTLs in 69 human tissues to identify causal variants and their underlying molecular mechanisms. They show that diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 are associated with variants affecting gene expression in a wide variety of tissues.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Machine learning to predict the source of campylobacteriosis using whole genome data

Author

David A. Clifton, Samuel K. Sheppard, Daniel J. Wilson, and Nicolas Arning

Subjects
education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Campylobacteriosis, Population genetics, Biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Genome, Campylobacter jejuni, medicine, Multilocus sequence typing, Artificial intelligence, Typing, education, business, Source tracking, computer
Abstract

Campylobacteriosis is among the world’s most common foodborne illnesses, caused predominantly by the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni. Effective interventions require determination of the infection source which is challenging as transmission occurs via multiple sources such as contaminated meat, poultry, and drinking water. Strain variation has allowed source tracking based upon allelic variation in multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) genes allowing isolates from infected individuals to be attributed to specific animal or environmental reservoirs. However, the accuracy of probabilistic attribution models has been limited by the ability to differentiate isolates based upon just 7 MLST genes. Here, we broaden the input data spectrum to include core genome MLST (cgMLST) and whole genome sequences (WGS), and implement multiple machine learning algorithms, allowing more accurate source attribution. We increase attribution accuracy from 64% using the standard iSource population genetic approach to 71% for MLST, 85% for cgMLST and 78% for kmerized WGS data using machine learning. To gain insight beyond the source model prediction, we use Bayesian inference to analyse the relative affinity of C. jejuni strains to infect humans and identified potential differences, in source-human transmission ability among clonally related isolates in the most common disease causing lineage (ST-21 clonal complex). Providing generalizable computationally efficient methods, based upon machine learning and population genetics, we provide a scalable approach to global disease surveillance that can continuously incorporate novel samples for source attribution and identify fine-scale variation in transmission potential.Author summaryC. jejuni are the most common cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis but the relative contribution of different sources are incompletely understood. We traced the origin of human C. jejuni infections using machine learning algorithms that compare the DNA sequences of bacteria sampled from infected people, contaminated chickens, cattle, sheep, wild birds and the environment. This approach achieved improvement in accuracy of source attribution by 33% over existing methods that use only a subset of genes within the genome and provided evidence for the relative contribution of different infection sources. Sometimes even very similar bacteria showed differences, demonstrating the value of basing analyses on the entire genome when developing this algorithm that can be used for understanding the global epidemiology and other important bacterial infections.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. The past, present and future of ancient bacterial DNA

Author

Daniel J. Wilson and Nicolas Arning

Subjects
Microbial evolution and epidemiology: Population Genomics, ancient pathogens, Review, bacterial evolution, Bone and Bones, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Extant taxon, Animals, Humans, Microbiome, DNA, Ancient, Dental Pulp, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Fossil Record, Bacteria, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Paleogenetics, Mummies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, paleomicrobiology, Ancient DNA, Geography, Evolutionary biology, paleogenetics, Genome, Bacterial, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ancient bacterial DNA, Bacterial dna
Abstract

Groundbreaking studies conducted in the mid-1980s demonstrated the possibility of sequencing ancient DNA (aDNA), which has allowed us to answer fundamental questions about the human past. Microbiologists were thus given a powerful tool to glimpse directly into inscrutable bacterial history, hitherto inaccessible due to a poor fossil record. Initially plagued by concerns regarding contamination, the field has grown alongside technical progress, with the advent of high-throughput sequencing being a breakthrough in sequence output and authentication. Albeit burdened with challenges unique to the analysis of bacteria, a growing number of viable sources for aDNA has opened multiple avenues of microbial research. Ancient pathogens have been extracted from bones, dental pulp, mummies and historical medical specimens and have answered focal historical questions such as identifying the aetiological agent of the black death as Yersinia pestis . Furthermore, ancient human microbiomes from fossilized faeces, mummies and dental plaque have shown shifts in human commensals through the Neolithic demographic transition and industrial revolution, whereas environmental isolates stemming from permafrost samples have revealed signs of ancient antimicrobial resistance. Culminating in an ever-growing repertoire of ancient genomes, the quickly expanding body of bacterial aDNA studies has also enabled comparisons of ancient genomes to their extant counterparts, illuminating the evolutionary history of bacteria. In this review we summarize the present avenues of research and contextualize them in the past of the field whilst also pointing towards questions still to be answered.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality

Author

Maria-Dolors Piulachs, Donna M. Muzny, Qiaolin Xie, Shwetha C. Murali, Monica F. Poelchau, Christopher P. Childers, Ludovic Mallet, Kim C. Worley, Yi Han, Michael Poulsen, Stephen Richards, Haofu Hu, Xavier Bellés, Coby Schal, Judith Korb, Lukas P.M. Kremer, Johannes Gowin, Shannon Dugan, Huyen Dinh, Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Erich Bornberg-Bauer, Sandra L. Lee, Guillem Ylla, Nicolas Arning, Hugh M. Robertson, Carolin Greiner, Richard A. Gibbs, Mark C Harrison, Jiaxin Qu, Ayako Wada-Katsumata, Hsu Chao, Annabell Moser, Carsten Kemena, Saria Otani, Jose M. Monroy-Kuhn, Florentine Schaub, Tristan Bitard-Feildel, Evelien Jongepier, Alberto Lopez-Ezquerra, Ann Kathrin Huylmans, and Daniel S.T. Hughes

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Evolution of eusociality, Isoptera, Hymenoptera, Genome, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Molecular evolution, biology.animal, Animals, Social Behavior, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Comparative genomics, 0303 health sciences, German cockroach, Cockroach, 576 Genetics and evolution, Ecology, biology, Blattellidae, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Eusociality, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Sex pheromone, Social evolution, Caste determination, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Around 150 million years ago, eusocial termites evolved from within the cockroaches, 50 million years before eusocial Hymenoptera, such as bees and ants, appeared. Here, we report the 2-Gb genome of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, and the 1.3-Gb genome of the drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus. We show evolutionary signatures of termite eusociality by comparing the genomes and transcriptomes of three termites and the cockroach against the background of 16 other eusocial and non-eusocial insects. Dramatic adaptive changes in genes underlying the production and perception of pheromones confirm the importance of chemical communication in the termites. These are accompanied by major changes in gene regulation and the molecular evolution of caste determination. Many of these results parallel molecular mechanisms of eusocial evolution in Hymenoptera. However, the specific solutions are remarkably different, thus revealing a striking case of convergence in one of the major evolutionary transitions in biological complexity.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Comparative genomic approaches to investigate molecular traits specific to social insects

Author

Erich Bornberg-Bauer, Lukas Pm Kremer, Nicolas Arning, and Daniel Elsner

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Phylogenetic tree, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Insect, Negative association, Biology, Fecundity, Trade-off, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Data resources, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Insect Science, Evolutionary dynamics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract

Ageing is a feature of nearly all known organisms and, by its connection to survival, appears to trade off with fecundity. However, in some organisms such as in queens of social insects, this negative relation appears reversed and individuals live long and reproduce much. Since new experimental techniques, transcriptomes and genomes of many social insects have recently become available, a comparison of these data in a phylogenetic framework becomes feasible. This allows the study of general trends, species specific oddities and evolutionary dynamics of the molecular properties and changes which underlie ageing, fecundity and the reversal of this negative association. In the framework of social insect evolution, we review the most important recent insights, computational methods, their applications and data resources which are available.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Expansions of key protein families in the German cockroach highlight the molecular basis of its remarkable success as a global indoor pest

Author

Maria-Dolors Piulachs, Erich Bornberg-Bauer, Lukas P.M. Kremer, Stephen Richards, Xavier Bellés, Evelien Jongepier, Guillem Ylla, Coby Schal, Ann Kathrin Huylmans, Nicolas Arning, Mark C Harrison, German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Generalitat de Catalunya

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Protein family, Genome, Insect, Receptors, Cell Surface, Generalist and specialist species, Evolution, Molecular, Insecticide Resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Genetics, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Protein coding, Cockroach, German cockroach, Resistance (ecology), biology, business.industry, Pest control, Blattellidae, biology.organism_classification, Biotechnology, Diet, 030104 developmental biology, Multigene Family, Inactivation, Metabolic, Molecular Medicine, Insect Proteins, Animal Science and Zoology, PEST analysis, Pest Control, business, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is a worldwide pest that infests buildings, including homes, restaurants, and hospitals, often living in unsanitary conditions. As a disease vector and producer of allergens, this species has major health and economic impacts on humans. Factors contributing to the success of the German cockroach include its resistance to a broad range of insecticides, immunity to many pathogens, and its ability, as an extreme generalist omnivore, to survive on most food sources. The recently published genome shows that B. germanica has an exceptionally high number of protein coding genes. In this study, we investigate the functions of the 93 significantly expanded gene families with the aim to better understand the success of B. germanica as a major pest despite such inhospitable conditions. We find major expansions in gene families with functions related to the detoxification of insecticides and allelochemicals, defense against pathogens, digestion, sensory perception, and gene regulation. These expansions might have allowed B. germanica to develop multiple resistance mechanisms to insecticides and pathogens, and enabled a broad, flexible diet, thus explaining its success in unsanitary conditions and under recurrent chemical control. The findings and resources presented here provide insights for better understanding molecular mechanisms that will facilitate more effective cockroach control., We thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for providing funding for this research to M.C.H. via grant BO2544/11‐1 to E.B.B., and acknowledge United States National Science Foundation grant IOS1557864 to C.S. X.B. & M.‐D.P. were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants CGL2015‐64727‐P to X.B. and CGL2016‐76011‐R to M.‐D.P., both with FEDER funds) and Catalan Government (grant 2017 SGR 1030).

Published
2018

8. Chapter 6. Comparative genomic approaches to investigate molecular traits specific to social insects

Author

Daniel, Elsner, Lukas Pm, Kremer, Nicolas, Arning, and Erich, Bornberg-Bauer

Subjects
Insecta, Phenotype, Animals, Genomics, Biological Evolution, Phylogeny
Abstract

Ageing is a feature of nearly all known organisms and, by its connection to survival, appears to trade off with fecundity. However, in some organisms such as in queens of social insects, this negative relation appears reversed and individuals live long and reproduce much. Since new experimental techniques, transcriptomes and genomes of many social insects have recently become available, a comparison of these data in a phylogenetic framework becomes feasible. This allows the study of general trends, species specific oddities and evolutionary dynamics of the molecular properties and changes which underlie ageing, fecundity and the reversal of this negative association. In the framework of social insect evolution, we review the most important recent insights, computational methods, their applications and data resources which are available.

Published
2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results