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Designing and implementing relevant and effective environmental policies and fostering green and environmental-friendly approaches and behaviors are constant aims for policy makers all over the world. Concurrently, implementing environmental policies involves significant economic and financial efforts, in order to repair environmental damage and to prevent future negative environmental consequences. How effective are the environmental expenditures and how are they related to the economic growth, i.e. the GDP level, are issues of major concern at a governmental level. In this article we are examining the relation between GDP and environmental expenditure, by using statistical data available for EU economies, for the time period 1995-2013. We found that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is supported in most of the EU economies, both for government environmental protection and specialized providers, public and private environmental protection. Further and deeper analyses performed showed different situations for specific countries and even a negative relation between GDP and government environmental protection for specific cases. First published online 18 November 2019

Migration is a complex phenomenon with economic, social, political, cultural and human implications, and therefore, it is the locus of interest for many researchers from various fields. After 1989, migration in Romania became a social issue due to the large number of migrants searching for labour all around Europe. This paper focuses on investigating and forecasting labour migration from Romania and its geographical orientation. We analysed the gravity model, which simple and accurate, focused on the distance as a determinant of the length of the mobility and, thus, of the host country chosen by the migrant. Based on the proposed macroeconomic model, we discuss results for main destinations countries, i.e. Spain, Italy, Austria, Germany, as well as for EU as a whole.

In this chapter, we want to present some reflections on international migration in a context where there are variations in migration flows in the period 2015–first half of 2018 according to official statistics. To this end, we provided theoretical references concerning the notion of the state border and we explained its significance in international relations. Moreover, we used the method of comparison in order to highlight the differences in values regarding facts which affect fundamental values protected by law, by incriminating them. We have also presented the major migratory routes in a context where dialogue, cooperation and collaboration between the Member States of the European Union and third states are the main ways to identify existing risks, to avoid any possible shocks resulting from illegal migration and to maintain the greatest responsiveness to the size of migration flows.

The authors intended the first part of the article to present considerations on the moraland legal rules that provide for the rights and obligations of participants in familyrelationships. An analysis of acts constituting offences in light of the New Romanian CriminalCode will be provided.Part two will include the presentation of activities specific to criminal investigationswhere acts are committed that meet the elements of offences against the family, activities suchas: the crime scene investigation, the hearing of people with different standings in the case,forensic and psychiatric expertises, reconstructions, searches.

In the investigation of crimes against patrimony, an important role in the investigation methodology is played by the hearings. In general, we refer to three types of hearings, the hearing at the scene of the crime – in order to prepare the search of the crime scene and the subsequent investigation of the offence, a hearing as part of the criminal investigation and the hearing before the court. Throughout this article we will discuss particularly the forensic tactics of hearings as part of the criminal investigation, referring to the different statuses of the person undergoing the hearing, who may belong to different backgrounds/categories of various legal standings, namely those of: victim - injured party, witness, accused or defendant. In the first part of the article, we will present the provisions relevant for crimes against patrimony, contained in the Romanian Criminal Code. The Special Part, in the title reserved for the offences of this category, the structure of the title, and also short references to the legal content of each offence. In the second part of the article, we will show the stages in the preparation of a hearing and the actual stages of hearings in the case of crimes against patrimony. In this sense, we will discuss: the hearing preparation and the conduct of the hearing, as well as the preliminary discussion phase, the phase of free reports and the phase of addressing questions and receiving answers.