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1. Double Photodiode Readout System for the Calorimeter of the HERD Experiment: Challenges and New Horizons in Technology for the Direct Detection of High-Energy Cosmic Rays

Author

Pietro Betti, Oscar Adriani, Matias Antonelli, Yonglin Bai, Xiaohong Bai, Tianwei Bao, Eugenio Berti, Lorenzo Bonechi, Massimo Bongi, Valter Bonvicini, Sergio Bottai, Weiwei Cao, Jorge Casaus, Zhen Chen, Xingzhu Cui, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Sebastiano Detti, Carlos Diaz, Yongwei Dong, Noemi Finetti, Valerio Formato, Miguel Angel Velasco Frutos, Jiarui Gao, Francesca Giovacchini, Xiaozhen Liang, Ran Li, Xin Liu, Linwei Lyu, Gustavo Martinez, Nicola Mori, Jesus Marin Munoz, Lorenzo Pacini, Paolo Papini, Cecilia Pizzolotto, Zheng Quan, Junjun Qin, Dalian Shi, Oleksandr Starodubtsev, Zhicheng Tang, Alessio Tiberio, Valerio Vagelli, Elena Vannuccini, Bo Wang, Junjing Wang, Le Wang, Ruijie Wang, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Zhigang Wang, Ming Xu, Li Zhang, and Jinkun Zheng

Subjects
cosmic rays, calorimeters, space instrumentation, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The HERD experiment is a future experiment for the direct detection of high-energy cosmic rays and is to be installed on the Chinese space station in 2027. The main objectives of HERD are the first direct measurement of the knee of the cosmic ray spectrum, the extension of electron+positron flux measurement up to tens of TeV, gamma ray astronomy, and the search for indirect signals of dark matter. The main component of the HERD detector is an innovative calorimeter composed of about 7500 LYSO scintillating crystals assembled in a spherical shape. Two independent readout systems of the LYSO scintillation light will be installed on each crystal: the wavelength-shifting fibers system developed by IHEP and the double photodiode readout system developed by INFN and CIEMAT. In order to measure protons in the cosmic ray knee region, we must be able to measure energy release of about 250 TeV in a single crystal. In addition, in order to calibrate the system, we need to measure typical releases of minimum ionizing particles that are about 30 MeV. Thus, the readout systems should have a dynamic range of about 107. In this article, we analyze the development and the performance of the double photodiode readout system. In particular, we show the performance of a prototype readout by the double photodiode system for electromagnetic showers as measured during a beam test carried out at the CERN SPS in October 2021 with high-energy electron beams.

Published
2024
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2. Photodiode Read-Out System for the Calorimeter of the Herd Experiment

Author

Pietro Betti, Oscar Adriani, Matias Antonelli, Yonglin Bai, Xiaohong Bai, Tianwei Bao, Eugenio Berti, Lorenzo Bonechi, Massimo Bongi, Valter Bonvicini, Sergio Bottai, Weiwei Cao, Jorge Casaus, Zhen Chen, Xingzhu Cui, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Sebastiano Detti, Yongwei Dong, Noemi Finetti, Valerio Formato, Miguel Angel Velasco Frutos, Jiarui Gao, Xiaozhen Liang, Ran Li, Xin Liu, Linwei Lyu, Gustavo Martinez, Nicola Mori, Jesus Marin Munoz, Lorenzo Pacini, Paolo Papini, Cecilia Pizzolotto, Zheng Quan, JunJun Qin, Dalian Shi, Oleksandr Starodubtsev, Zhicheng Tang, Alessio Tiberio, Valerio Vagelli, Elena Vannuccini, Bo Wang, Junjing Wang, Le Wang, Ruijie Wang, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Zhigang Wang, Ming Xu, Li Zhang, and Jinkun Zheng

Subjects
cosmic rays, calorimeters, space instrumentation, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

HERD is a future experiment for the direct detection of high energy cosmic rays. The instrument is based on a calorimeter optimized not only for a good energy resolution but also for a large acceptance. Each crystal composing the calorimeter is equipped with two read-out systems: one based on wavelength-shifting fibers and the other based on two photodiodes with different active areas assembled in a monolithic package. In this paper, we describe the photodiode read-out system, focusing on experimental requirements, design and estimated performances. Finally, we show how these features lead to the flight model project of the photodiode read-out system.

Published
2022
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3. A New Approach to Calorimetry in Space-Based Experiments for High-Energy Cosmic Rays

Author

Gabriele Bigongiari, Oscar Adriani, Sebastiano Albergo, Giovanni Ambrosi, Lucrezia Auditore, Andrea Basti, Eugenio Berti, Lorenzo Bonechi, Simone Bonechi, Massimo Bongi, Valter Bonvicini, Sergio Bottai, Paolo Brogi, Gigi Cappello, Paolo Walter Cattaneo, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Sebastiano Detti, Matteo Duranti, Mauro Fasoli, Noemi Finetti, Valerio Formato, Maria Ionica, Antonio Italiano, Piergiulio Lenzi, Paolo Maestro, Pier Simone Marrocchesi, Nicola Mori, Giulio Orzan, Miriam Olmi, Lorenzo Pacini, Paolo Papini, Maria Grazia Pellegriti, Andrea Rappoldi, Sergio Bruno Ricciarini, Antonella Sciuto, Gianluigi Silvestre, Oleksandr Starodubtsev, Francesco Stolzi, Jung Eun Suh, Arta Sulaj, Alessio Tiberio, Alessia Tricomi, Antonio Trifirò, Marina Trimarchi, Elena Vannuccini, Anna Vedda, Gianluigi Zampa, and Nicola Zampa

Subjects
cosmic rays, astroparticles, γ -ray astronomy, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract

Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in this region are mainly derived from data collected by ground-based detectors, because of the very low particle rates at these energies. Unfortunately, these results are affected by the high uncertainties typical of indirect measurements, which depend on the complicated modeling of the interaction of the primary particle with the atmosphere. A space experiment dedicated to measurements in this energy region has to achieve a balance between the requirements of lightness and compactness, with that of a large acceptance to cope with the low particle rates. CaloCube is a four-year-old R&D project, approved and financed by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter. The large acceptance needed is obtained by maximizing the number of entrance windows, while thanks to its homogeneity and high segmentation this new detector achieves an excellent energy resolution and an enhanced separation power between hadrons and electrons. In order to optimize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals, and different spacings among them have been performed making use of MonteCarlo simulations. In parallel to simulations studies, several prototypes instrumented with CsI(Tl) (Caesium Iodide, Tallium doped) cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams. Moreover, the last development of CaloCube, the Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project, financed by the INFN in 2018, is focused on the feasibility of including several silicon layers at different depths in the calorimeter in order to reconstruct the particle direction. In fact, an important requirement for γ -ray astronomy is to have a good angular resolution in order to allow precise identification of astrophysical sources in space. In respect to the traditional approach of using a tracker with passive material in front of the calorimeter, the TIC solution can save a significant amount of mass budget in a space satellite experiment, which can then be exploited to improve the acceptance and the resolution of the calorimeter. In this paper, the status of the project and perspectives for future developments are presented.

Published
2019
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4. Studies of cosmic-ray solar modulation with the PAMELA experiment

Author

Alex Lenni, Mirko Boezio, Riccardo Munini, Nadir Marcelli, Marius Potgieter, Donald Ngobeni, Oscar Adriani, Giancarlo C. Barbarino, Galina A. Bazilevskaya, Roberto Bellotti, Edward A. Bogomolov, Massimo Bongi, Valter Bonvicini, Alessandro Bruno, Francesco Cafagna, Donatella Campana, Per Carlson, Marco Casolino, Guido Castellini, Cristian De Santis, Arkadiy M. Galper, Sergey V. Koldashov, Sergey Koldobskiy, Alexander N. Kvashnin, Alexey A. Leonov, Vitaly V. Malakhov, Laura Marcelli, Matteo Martucci, Andrey G. Mayorov, Wolfgang Menn, Matteo Mergé, Vladimir V. Mikhailov, Emiliano Mocchiutti, Alfonso Monaco, Nicola Mori, Giuseppe Osteria, Beatrice Panico, Paolo Papini, Mark Pearce, Piergiorgio Picozza, Marco Ricci, Sergio B. Ricciarini, Manfred Simon, Alessandro Sotgiu, Roberta Sparvoli, Piero Spillantini, Yuri I. Stozhkov, Andrea Vacchi, Elena Vannuccini, Gennady I. Vasilyev, Sergey A. Voronov, Yuri T. Yurkin, Gianluigi Zampa, and Nicola Zampa

Published
2023

5. Space applications of GAGG:Ce scintillators: a study of afterglow emission by proton irradiation

Author

Giuseppe Dilillo, Nicola Zampa, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Giovanni Pauletta, Irina Rashevskaya, Filippo Ambrosino, Marco Baruzzo, Diego Cauz, Daniela Cirrincione, Marco Citossi, Giovanni Della Casa, Benedetto Di Ruzza, Yuri Evangelista, Gábor Galgóczi, Claudio Labanti, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Tommasino, Enrico Verroi, Fabrizio Fiore, Andrea Vacchi, and ITA

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation
Abstract

We discuss the results of a proton irradiation campaign of a GAGG:Ce (Cerium-doped Gadolinium Aluminium Gallium Garnet) scintillation crystal, carried out in the framework of the HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites -- Technological and Scientific Pathfinder) mission. A scintillator sample was irradiated with 70 MeV protons, at levels equivalent to those expected in equatorial and sun-synchronous low-Earth orbits over orbital periods spanning 6 months to 10 years. The data we acquired are used to introduce an original model of GAGG:Ce afterglow emission. Results from this model are applied to the HERMES-TP/SP scenario, aiming at an upper-bound estimate of the detector performance degradation resulting from afterglow emission.

Published
2022

6. Design, integration, and test of the scientific payloads on-board the HERMES constellation and the SpIRIT mission

Author

Yuri Evangelista, Fabrizio Fiore, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ceraudo, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Giuseppe Dilillo, Mauro Fiorini, Marco Grassi, Alejandro Guzman, Paul Hedderman, Ezequiel J. Marchesini, Gianluca Morgante, Filippo Mele, Paolo Nogara, Alessio Nuti, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego Caballero, Irina Rashevskaya, Francesco Russo, Giuseppe Sottile, Claudio Labanti, Giulia Baroni, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Tianxiang Chen, Irisa Dedolli, Marco Feroci, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Na Gao, Francesco Ficorella, Piero Malcovati, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Andrea Santangelo, Christoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi

Subjects
Space 4.0, Payload, ASIC, CubeSat, FOS: Physical sciences, Silicon Drift Detectors, HERMES, GAGG, Gamma-ray Bursts, High Energy Astrophysics, SpIRIT, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) is a space-borne mission based on a constellation of nano-satellites flying in a low-Earth orbit (LEO). The six 3U CubeSat buses host new miniaturized instruments hosting a hybrid Silicon Drift Detector/GAGG:Ce scintillator photodetector system sensitive to X-rays and gamma-rays. HERMES will probe the temporal emission of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), ensuring a fast transient localization (with arcmin-level accuracy) in a field of view of several steradians exploiting the triangulation technique. With a foreseen launch date in late 2023, HERMES transient monitoring represents a keystone capability to complement the next generation of gravitational wave experiments. Moreover, the HERMES constellation will operate in conjunction with the Space Industry Responsive Intelligent Thermal (SpIRIT) 6U CubeSat, to be launched in early 2023. SpIRIT is an Australian-Italian mission for high-energy astrophysics that will carry in a Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) an actively cooled HERMES detector system payload. On behalf of the HERMES collaboration, in this paper we will illustrate the HERMES and SpIRIT payload design, integration and tests, highlighting the technical solutions adopted to allow a wide-energy-band and sensitive X-ray and gamma-ray detector to be accommodated in a 1U Cubesat volume., arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.03032

Published
2022

7. The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) for THESEUS and other mission opportunities

Author

Lorenzo Amati, Claudio Labanti, Sandro Mereghetti, Filippo Frontera, Riccardo Campana, Natalia Auricchio, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Marica Branchesi, Reginald C. Butler, Maria D. Caballero-Garcia, Anna E. Camisasca, Alberto J. Castro-Tirado, Leo Cavazzini, Riccardo Ciolfi, Adriano De Rosa, Federico Evangelisti, Ruben Farinelli, Lisa Ferro, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, José L. Gasent-Blesa, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Marco Grassi, Cristiano Guidorzi, Paul Hedderman, Irfan Kuvvetli, Giovanni La Rosa, Paolo Lorenzi, Piero Malcovati, Ezequiel Marchesini, Martino Marisaldi, Michele Melchiorri, Filippo Mele, Malgorzata Mikhalska, Mauro Orlandini, Piotr Orleanski, Soren M. Pedersen, Raffaele Pizzolla, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Piero Rosati, Victor Reglero, Samuele Ronchini, Andrea Santangelo, Ruben Salvaterra, Paolo Sarra, Francesca Sortino, Giuseppe Sottile, Giulia Stratta, Stefano Squerzanti, John B. Stephen, Chris Tenzer, Luca Terenzi, Alessio Trois, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Angela Volpe, Marek Winkler, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrzej Zdziarski, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, and Nakazawa, Kazuhiro

Subjects
bursts [Gamma-ray], future missions [High-energy astrophysics], Space astrophysics: X and gamma-ray detectors, High-energy astrophysics: future missions, Gamma-ray:bursts, X and gamma-ray detectors [Space astrophysics], Time-domain astronomy, X-rays: transients, Gamma-ray bursts, transients [X-rays], Multi-messenger astrophysics
Abstract

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray (2022), Montreal, Jul 17-22, 2022.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering vol. 12181 Article number 1218126.-- Full list of authors: Amati, Lorenzo; Labanti, Claudio; Mereghetti, Sandro; Frontera, Filippo; Campana, Riccardo; Auricchio, Natalia; Baldazzi, Giuseppe; Bellutti, Pierluigi; Bertuccio, Giuseppe; Branchesi, Marica; Butler, Reginald C.; Caballero-Garcia, Maria D.; Camisasca, Anna E.; Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.; Cavazzini, Leo; Ciolfi, Riccardo; De Rosa, Adriano; Evangelisti, Federico; Farinelli, Ruben; Ferro, Lisa; Ficorella, Francesco; Fiorini, Mauro; Fuschino, Fabio; Gasent-Blesa, Jose L.; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo; Grassi, Marco; Guidorzi, Cristiano; Hedderman, Paul; Kuvvetli, Irfan; La Rosa, Giovanni; Lorenzi, Paolo; Malcovati, Piero; Marchesini, Ezequiel; Marisaldi, Martino; Melchiorri, Michele; Mele, Filippo; Mikhalska, Malgorzata; Orlandini, Mauro; Orleanski, Piotr; Pedersen, Soren M.; Pizzolla, Raffaele; Rachevski, Alexandre; Rashevskaya, Irina; Rosati, Piero; Reglero, Victor; Ronchini, Samuele; Santangelo, Andrea; Salvaterra, Ruben; Sarra, Paolo; Sortino, Francesca; Sottile, Giuseppe; Stratta, Giulia; Squerzanti, Stefano; Stephen, John B.; Tenzer, Chris; Terenzi, Luca; Trois, Alessio; Vacchi, Andrea; Virgilli, Enrico; Volpe, Angela; Winkler, Marek; Zampa, Gianluigi; Zampa, Nicola; Zdziarski, Andrzej, We describe the science case, design and expected performances of the X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS), a GRB and transients monitor developed and studied for the THESEUS mission project, capable of covering an exceptionally wide energy band (2 keV – 10 MeV), with imaging capabilities and location accuracy, With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709

Published
2022

8. Study of radiation-induced effects on the RIGEL ASIC

Author

Francesco Ceraudo, Irisa Dedolli, Filippo Ambrosino, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Riccardo Campana, Michele Caselle, Daniela Cirrincione, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Claudio Labanti, Pasqualino Loffredo, Giovanni Lombardi, Piero Malcovati, Alfredo Morbidini, Filippo Mele, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Antonino Tobia, Andrea Vacchi, Angela Volpe, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi

Subjects
Bit-upsets, Latch-up, X-ray spectroscopy, Radiation effects, Silicon detectors, Low-noise ASIC, Total Ionising Dose
Published
2022

9. The Large Area Detector onboard the eXTP mission

Author

Marco Feroci, Giovanni Ambrosi, Filippo Ambrosino, Matias Antonelli, Andrea Argan, Viktor Babinec, Marco Barbera, Jörg Bayer, Pierluigi Bellutti, Bruna Bertucci, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Xingzi Bi, Mirko Boezio, Walter Bonvicini, Giacomo Borghi, Enrico Bozzo, David Baudin, Florent Bouyjou, Daniele Brienza, Franck Cadoux, Riccardo Campana, Jiewei Cao, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Wen Chen, Daniela Cirrincione, Nicolas De Angelis, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Sergio Di Cosimo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Roman Dohnal, Immacolata Donnarumma, Yuri Evangelista, Qingmei Fan, Yannick Favre, Emanuele Fiandrini, Francesco Ficorella, Fabio Fuschino, Na Gao, Olivier Gevin, Marco Grassi, Manuel Guedel, Xingbo Han, Huilin He, Paul Hedderman, jan-willem den herder, Richard Hynek, Bing Hong, Ge Jin, Merlin Kole, Vladimír Karas, Martin Komarek, Claudio Labanti, Loghui Li, Tianming Li, Hong Liang, Olivier Limousin, Rui Liu, Ugo Lo Cicero, Jens Lohering, Giovanni Lombardi, Fang-Jun Lu, Tao Luo, Piero Malcovati, Hanqi Mao, Andrea Marinucci, Filippo Mele, Vasco Mendes, Martin Merkl, Aline Meuris, Małgorzata Michalska, Alfredo Morbidini, Gianluca Morgante, Fabio Muleri, Riccardo Munini, Lorenzo Mussolin, Barbara Negri, Petr Novak, Witold Nowosielski, Alessio Nuti, Piotr Orleanski, Roland Ottensamer, Luigi Pacciani, Stephane Paltani, Teng Pan, Giancarlo Pepponi, Emanuele Perinati, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Samuel Pliego, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaia, Andrea Santangelo, Roberto Serafinelli, Stéphane Schanne, Konrad Skup, Libor Sveda, Jiri Svoboda, Christopher Tenzer, Michela Todaro, Gabreil Torok, Alessio Trois, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Hao Xiong, Jian Wang, Xianqi Wang, Berend Winter, Xin Wu, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrei Zdziarski, Long Zhang, Shu Zhang, Shuang-Nan Zhang, Wenda Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Yupeng Zhou, Nicola Zorzi, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Feroci, Marco, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Antonelli, Matia, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Barbera, Marco, Bayer, Jörg, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bi, Xingzi, Boezio, Mirko, Bonvicini, Walter, Borghi, Giacomo, Bozzo, Enrico, Baudin, David, Bouyjou, Florent, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Cirrincione, Daniela, De Angelis, Nicola, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Dohnal, Roman, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gao, Na, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Guedel, Manuel, Han, Xingbo, He, Huilin, Hedderman, Paul, den herder, jan-willem, Hynek, Richard, Hong, Bing, Jin, Ge, Kole, Merlin, Karas, Vladimír, Komarek, Martin, Labanti, Claudio, Li, Loghui, Li, Tianming, Liang, Hong, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, Rui, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lohering, Jen, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lu, Fang-Jun, Luo, Tao, Malcovati, Piero, Mao, Hanqi, Marinucci, Andrea, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Michalska, Małgorzata, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Novak, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Orleanski, Piotr, Ottensamer, Roland, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Pliego, Samuel, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Santangelo, Andrea, Serafinelli, Roberto, Schanne, Stéphane, Skup, Konrad, Sveda, Libor, Svoboda, Jiri, Tenzer, Christopher, Todaro, Michela, Torok, Gabreil, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Xiong, Hao, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrei, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhen, Zhou, Yupeng, and Zorzi, Nicola

Subjects
Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, EXTP, LAD, Silicon Drift Detector, X-ray timing
Abstract

The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated performance.

Published
2022

10. PixDD: a multi-pixel silicon drift detector for high-throughput spectral-timing studies

Author

Francesco Ceraudo, Filippo Ambrosino, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Riccardo Campana, Michele Caselle, Daniela Cirrincione, Irisa Dedolli, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Claudio Labanti, Pasqualino Loffredo, Giovanni Lombardi, Piero Malcovati, Filippo Mele, Alfredo Morbidini, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Antonino Tobia, Andrea Vacchi, Angela Volpe, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi

Subjects
Time-resolved spectroscopy, Single-photon detectors, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, X-ray timing, X-ray spectroscopy, Silicon Drift Detectors, ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations
Abstract

The Pixelated silicon Drift Detector (PixDD) is a two-dimensional multi-pixel X-ray sensor based on the technology of Silicon Drift Detectors, designed to solve the dead time and pile-up issues of photon-integrating imaging detectors. Read out by a two-dimensional self-triggering Application-Specific Integrated Circuit named RIGEL, to which the sensor is bump-bonded, it operates in the 0:5 — 15 keV energy range and is designed to achieve single-photon sensitivity and good spectroscopic capabilities even at room temperature or with mild cooling (< 150 eV resolution at 6 keV at 0 °C). The paper reports on the design and performance tests of the 128-pixel prototype of the fully integrated system.

Published
2022
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11. The HERMES-Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder

Author

Fabrizio Fiore, Luciano Burderi, Michelle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Paolo Lunghi, Angel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Amarilli, Filippo Ambrosino, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Alessio Anitra, Natalia Auricchio, Marco Barbera, Michele Bechini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Marco Cinelli, Marco Citossi, Aurora Clerici, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Melania Del Santo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Tiziana Di Salvo, Pavel Efremov, Marco Feroci, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Mauro Fiorini, Michele Fiorito, Filippo Frontera, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgoczi, Na Gao, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Massimo Gandola, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gomboc, Marco Grassi, Alejandro Guzman, Mile Karlica, Uros Kostic, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Ugo Lo Cicero, Borja Lopez-Fernandez, Piero Malcovati, Alessandro Maselli, Arianna Manca, Filippo Mele, Dorottya Milankovich, Gianluca Morgante, Lara Nava, Paolo Nogara, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Andras Pal, Matteo Perri, Raffaele Piazzolla, Margherita Piccinin, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Jacopo Prinetto, Giuseppe Pucacco, Alexander Rashevsky, Irina Rashevskaya, Alessandro Riggio, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Russo, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranomonte, Andrea Santangelo, Francesca Scala, Giulia Sciarrone, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Giuseppe Sottile, Tomaz Rotovnik, Christoph Tenzer, Ivan Troisi, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Norbert Werner, lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Giovanni Zanotti, ITA, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, HUN, Fiore F., Burderi L., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Evangelista Y., Campana R., Fuschino F., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Sanna A., Amarilli F., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Auricchio N., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Cao J., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Dilillo G., Di Salvo T., Efremov P., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Frontera F., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gambino A.F., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guzman A., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nava L., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piazzolla R., Piccinin M., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Rachevski A., Rashevskaya I., Riggio A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., and Zanotti G.

Subjects
CubeSats, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma Ray Bursts, Nano-satellites, X-rays, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Constellation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Modular design, Pathfinder, Sky, Temporal resolution, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder) is a constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting simple but innovative X-ray detectors, characterized by a large energy band and excellent temporal resolution, and thus optimized for the monitoring of Cosmic High Energy transients such as Gamma Ray Bursts and the electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events, and for the determination of their positions. The projects are funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research and by the Italian Space Agency, and by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 821896. HERMES-TP/SP is an in-orbit demonstration, that should be tested starting from 2022. It is intrinsically a modular experiment that can be naturally expanded to provide a global, sensitive all sky monitor for high-energy transients., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020

Published
2021
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12. Timing techniques applied to distributed modular high-energy astronomy: the H.E.R.M.E.S. project

Author

Andrea Sanna, Luciano Burderi, Tiziana Di Salvo, Fabrizio Fiore, Alessandro Riggio, Angelo Gambino, Michèle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Paolo Lunghi, Ángel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Fabrizio Amarilli, Filippo Ambrosino, Giavanni Amelino-Camelia, Alessio Anitra, Marco Barbera, Michele Bechini, Paolo Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Matteo Cinelli, Marco Citossi, Aurora Clerici, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Melania Del Santo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Pavel Efremov, Marco Feroci, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Mauro Fiorini, Michele Fiorito, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgoczi, Na Gao, Massimo Gandola, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gamboc, Marco Grassi, Cristiano Guidorzi, Alejandro Guzman, Rosario Iaria, Mile Karlica, Uros Kostic, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Ugo Lo Cicero, Borja Loper Fernandez, Piero Malcovati, Alessandro Maselli, Arianna Manca, Filippo Mele, Dorottya Milankovich, Gianluca Morgante, Lara Nava, Paolo Nogara, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Andras Pal, Matteo Perri, Margherita Piccinin, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Jacopo Prinetto, Giuseppe Pucacco, Irina Rashevskaya, Alexander Rashevsky, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Russo, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranamonte, Andrea Santangelo, Francesca Scala, Giulia Sciarrone, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Giuseppe Sottile, Tomaz Rotovnik, Christoph Tenzer, Ivan Troisi, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgili, Norbert Werner, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Giovanni Zanotti, den Herder, J-W A, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Sanna A., Gambino A.F., Burderi L., Riggio A., Di Salvo T., Fiore F., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Evangelista Y., Campana R., Fuschino F., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Amarilli F., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Cao J., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Dilillo G., Efremov P., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guidorzi C., Guzman A., Iaria R., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nava L., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Piazzolla R., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Rashevskaya I., Rashevski A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zanotti G., ITA, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, and HUN

Subjects
CubeSats, High energy, High-energy astronomy, Real-time computing, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Nano-satellites, Temporal triangulation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Modular design, Pathfinder, Temporal resolution, Gamma Ray Bursts, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites -- Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder) is an in-orbit demonstration of the so-called distributed astronomy concept. Conceived as a mini-constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting a new miniaturized detector, HERMES-TP/SP aims at the detection and accurate localisation of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts. The large energy band, the excellent temporal resolution and the wide field of view that characterize the detectors of the constellation represent the key features for the next generation high-energy all-sky monitor with good localisation capabilities that will play a pivotal role in the future of Multi-messenger Astronomy. In this work, we will describe in detail the temporal techniques that allow the localisation of bright transient events taking advantage of their almost simultaneous observation by spatially spaced detectors. Moreover, we will quantitatively discuss the all-sky monitor capabilities of the HERMES Pathfinder as well as its achievable accuracies on the localisation of the detected Gamma-Ray Bursts., 19 pages, 13 figures, Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020

Published
2020

13. The scientific payload on-board the HERMES-TP and HERMES-SP CubeSat missions

Author

Yuri Evangelista, Fabrizio Fiore, Fabio Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ceraudo, Evgeny Demenev, Alejandro Guzman, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Mauro Fiorini, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Filippo Mele, Gianluca Morgante, Paolo Nogara, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego Caballero, Irina Rashevskaya, Francesco Russo, Giulia Sciarrone, Giuseppe Sottile, Dorottya Milankovich, András Pál, Filippo Ambrosino, Natalia Auricchio, Marco Barbera, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Jiewei Cao, Tianxiang Chen, Giuseppe Dilillo, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Ugo Lo Cicero, Piero Malcovati, Alfredo Morbidini, Giovanni Pauletta, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Andrea Santangelo, Chistoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Nicola Zorzi, Luciano Burderi, Michèle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Paolo Lunghi, Angel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Amarilli, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Michele Bechini, Marco Citossi, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Marco Cinelli, Melania Del Santo, Tiziana Di Salvo, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Michele Fiorito, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgóczi, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gomboc, Mile Karlica, Pavel Efremov, Uros Kostic, Aurora Clerici, Borja Lopez Fernandez, Alessandro Maselli, Lara Nava, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Matteo Perri, Margherita Piccinin, Jacopo Prinetto, Alessandro Riggio, Jakub Ripa, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranomonte, Francesca Scala, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Tomaz Rotovnik, Enrico Virgilli, Ivan Troisi, Norbert Werner, Giovanni Zanotti, Alessio Anitra, Arianna Manca, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shouleh Nikzad, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Evangelista Y., Fiore F., Fuschino F., Campana R., Ceraudo F., Demenev E., Guzman A., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Fiorini M., Gandola M., Grassi M., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nogara P., Pal A., Piazzolla R., Pliego Caballero S., Rashevskaya I., Russo F., Sciarrone G., Sottile G., Ambrosino F., Auricchio N., Barbera M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Borghi G., Cao J., Chen T., Dilillo G., Feroci M., Ficorella F., Lo Cicero U., Malcovati P., Morbidini A., Pauletta G., Picciotto A., Rachevski A., Santangelo A., Tenzer C., Vacchi A., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zorzi N., Burderi L., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Sanna A., Amarilli F., Amelino-Camelia G., Bechini M., Citossi M., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Cinelli M., Del Santo M., Di Salvo T., Anitra A., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorito M., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gambino A.F., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Karlica M., Efremov P., Kostic U., Clerici A., Lopez Fernandez B., Manca A., Maselli A., Nava L., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Prinetto J., Riggio A., Ripa J., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Scala F., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Rotovnik T., Troisi I., Virgilli E., Werner N., Zanotti G., ITA, ESP, CZE, SVN, and HUN

Subjects
Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, CubeSat, Transient (computer programming), Aerospace engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Payload, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Steradian, Satellite, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) Technological and Scientific pathfinder is a space borne mission based on a LEO constellation of nano-satellites. The 3U CubeSat buses host new miniaturized detectors to probe the temporal emission of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). Fast transient localization, in a field of view of several steradians and with arcmin-level accuracy, is gained by comparing time delays among the same event detection epochs occurred on at least 3 nano-satellites. With a launch date in 2022, HERMES transient monitoring represents a keystone capability to complement the next generation of gravitational wave experiments. In this paper we will illustrate the HERMES payload design, highlighting the technical solutions adopted to allow a wide-energy-band and sensitive X-ray and gamma-ray detector to be accommodated in a CubeSat 1U volume together with its complete control electronics and data handling system., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020

Published
2020
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14. The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

Author

ShuangNan Zhang, Andrea Santangelo, Marco Feroci, YuPeng Xu, FangJun Lu, Yong Chen, Hua Feng, Shu Zhang, Søren Brandt, Margarita Hernanz, Luca Baldini, Enrico Bozzo, Riccardo Campana, Alessandra De Rosa, YongWei Dong, Yuri Evangelista, Vladimir Karas, Norbert Meidinger, Aline Meuris, Kirpal Nandra, Teng Pan, Giovanni Pareschi, Piotr Orleanski, QiuShi Huang, Stephane Schanne, Giorgia Sironi, Daniele Spiga, Jiri Svoboda, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Christoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Silvia Zane, Dave Walton, ZhanShan Wang, Berend Winter, Xin Wu, Jean J. M. in’ t Zand, Mahdi Ahangarianabhari, Giovanni Ambrosi, Filippo Ambrosino, Marco Barbera, Stefano Basso, Jörg Bayer, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Bruna Bertucci, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, XueLei Cao, Franck Cadoux, Francesco Ceraudo, TianXiang Chen, YuPeng Chen, Jerome Chevenez, Marta Civitani, Wei Cui, WeiWei Cui, Thomas Dauser, Ettore Del Monte, Sergio Di Cosimo, Sebastian Diebold, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovciak, YuanYuan Du, Lorenzo Ducci, QingMei Fan, Yannick Favre, Fabio Fuschino, José Luis Gálvez, Min Gao, MingYu Ge, Olivier Gevin, Marco Grassi, QuanYing Gu, YuDong Gu, DaWei Han, Bin Hong, Wei Hu, Long Ji, ShuMei Jia, WeiChun Jiang, Thomas Kennedy, Ingo Kreykenbohm, Irfan Kuvvetli, Claudio Labanti, Luca Latronico, Gang Li, MaoShun Li, Xian Li, Wei Li, ZhengWei Li, Olivier Limousin, HongWei Liu, XiaoJing Liu, Bo Lu, Tao Luo, Daniele Macera, Piero Malcovati, Adrian Martindale, Malgorzata Michalska, Bin Meng, Massimo Minuti, Alfredo Morbidini, Fabio Muleri, Stephane Paltani, Emanuele Perinati, Antonino Picciotto, Claudio Piemonte, JinLu Qu, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Jerome Rodriguez, Thomas Schanz, ZhengXiang Shen, LiZhi Sheng, JiangBo Song, LiMing Song, Carmelo Sgro, Liang Sun, Ying Tan, Phil Uttley, Bo Wang, DianLong Wang, GuoFeng Wang, Juan Wang, LangPing Wang, YuSa Wang, Anna L. Watts, XiangYang Wen, Jörn Wilms, ShaoLin Xiong, JiaWei Yang, Sheng Yang, YanJi Yang, Nian Yu, WenDa Zhang, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrzej A. Zdziarski, AiMei Zhang, ChengMo Zhang, Fan Zhang, Long Zhang, Tong Zhang, Yi Zhang, XiaoLi Zhang, ZiLiang Zhang, BaoSheng Zhao, ShiJie Zheng, YuPeng Zhou, Nicola Zorzi, J. Frans Zwart, ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, DNK, POL, CZE, CHN, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, eXTP, Zhang, ShuangNan, Santangelo, Andrea, Feroci, Marco, Xu, YuPeng, Lu, FangJun, Chen, Yong, Feng, Hua, Zhang, Shu, Brandt, Søren, Hernanz, Margarita, Baldini, Luca, Bozzo, Enrico, Campana, Riccardo, De Rosa, Alessandra, Dong, YongWei, Evangelista, Yuri, Karas, Vladimir, Meidinger, Norbert, Meuris, Aline, Nandra, Kirpal, Pan, Teng, Pareschi, Giovanni, Orleanski, Piotr, Huang, QiuShi, Schanne, Stephane, Sironi, Giorgia, Spiga, Daniele, Svoboda, Jiri, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Tenzer, Christoph, Vacchi, Andrea, Zane, Silvia, Walton, Dave, Wang, ZhanShan, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, in’ t Zand, Jean J. M., Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Barbera, Marco, Basso, Stefano, Bayer, Jörg, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Borghi, Giacomo, Cao, XueLei, Cadoux, Franck, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, TianXiang, Chen, YuPeng, Chevenez, Jerome, Civitani, Marta, Cui, Wei, Cui, WeiWei, Dauser, Thoma, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Diebold, Sebastian, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovciak, Michal, Du, YuanYuan, Ducci, Lorenzo, Fan, QingMei, Favre, Yannick, Fuschino, Fabio, Gálvez, José Lui, Gao, Min, Ge, MingYu, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Gu, QuanYing, Gu, YuDong, Han, DaWei, Hong, Bin, Hu, Wei, Ji, Long, Jia, ShuMei, Jiang, WeiChun, Kennedy, Thoma, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Labanti, Claudio, Latronico, Luca, Li, Gang, Li, MaoShun, Li, Xian, Li, Wei, Li, ZhengWei, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, HongWei, Liu, XiaoJing, Lu, Bo, Luo, Tao, Macera, Daniele, Malcovati, Piero, Martindale, Adrian, Michalska, Malgorzata, Meng, Bin, Minuti, Massimo, Morbidini, Alfredo, Muleri, Fabio, Paltani, Stephane, Perinati, Emanuele, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Qu, JinLu, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rodriguez, Jerome, Schanz, Thoma, Shen, ZhengXiang, Sheng, LiZhi, Song, JiangBo, Song, LiMing, Sgro, Carmelo, Sun, Liang, Tan, Ying, Uttley, Phil, Wang, Bo, Wang, DianLong, Wang, GuoFeng, Wang, Juan, Wang, LangPing, Wang, YuSa, Watts, Anna L., Wen, XiangYang, Wilms, Jörn, Xiong, ShaoLin, Yang, JiaWei, Yang, Sheng, Yang, YanJi, Yu, Nian, Zhang, WenDa, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, AiMei, Zhang, ChengMo, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, XiaoLi, Zhang, ZiLiang, Zhao, BaoSheng, Zheng, ShiJie, Zhou, YuPeng, Zorzi, Nicola, Zwart, J. Frans, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
Gravity (chemistry), Computer science, space mission: eXTP, X-ray timing, Polarimetry, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics and Astronomy (all), Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Observatory, X-ray instrumentation, 0103 physical sciences, X-ray polarimetry, Ground segment, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spacecraft, sezele, business.industry, Payload, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Space Science, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission - eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources. The paper provides a detailed description of: (1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload; (2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment., Accepted for publication on Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. (2019)

Published
2019

15. The wide field monitor onboard the eXTP mission

Author

Irina Rashevskaya, Andrea Vacchi, Alexander Rachevski, Niels Lund, Carl Budtz-Jorgensen, Ettore Del Monte, Andrea Argan, F. Ambrosino, Tianxiang Cheng, Shu Zhang, Fanjung Lu, Frans Zwart, Chris Tenzer, José Luis Gálvez, Yuri Evangelista, Enrico Bozzo, Yupeng Xu, Aline Meris, Olivier Limousin, Nicola Zorzi, Antonino Picciotto, Francesco Ficorella, Giacomo Borghi, Pierluigi Bellutti, Nicola Zampa, Gianluigi Zampa, Claudio Labanti, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, Carlos Mansanet, Poul Erik Olsen, Shuangnan Zhang, Jean in't Zand, Xin Wu, Stéphane Schanne, Andrea Santangelo, Piotr Orleański, Marco Feroci, Margarita Hernanz, Søren K. Brandt, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and eXTP

Subjects
Computer science, X-ray timing, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Silicon Drift Detectors, Field of view, Context (language use), coded mask imaging, compact objects, eXTP, gamma-ray bursts, LOFT, X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Payload, Suite, Detector, Orbit (dynamics), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The eXTP (enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry) mission is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and China National Space Administration (CNSA) currently performing an extended phase A study and proposed for a launch by 2025 in a low-earth orbit. The eXTP scientific payload envisages a suite of instruments (Spectroscopy Focusing Array, Polarimetry Focusing Array, Large Area Detector and Wide Field Monitor) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. A large European consortium is contributing to the eXTP study and it is expected to provide key hardware elements, including a Wide Field Monitor (WFM). The WFM instrument for eXTP is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission within the ESA context. The eXTP/WFM envisages a wide field X-ray monitor system in the 2-50 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors. The WFM will consist of 3 pairs of coded mask cameras with a total combined Field of View (FoV) of 90x180 degrees at zero response and a source localization accuracy of ~1 arcmin. In this paper we provide an overview of the WFM instrument design, including new elements with respect to the earlier LOFT configuration, and anticipated performance., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, to appear in proceedings of SPIE, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

Published
2018

16. A software tool for on field spectrometry of diagnostic X-ray beams2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)

Author

Lucia Andreani, Claudio Labanti, Martino Marisaldi, Yuri Evangelista, M. Ahangarianabhari, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Piero Malcovati, Marco Grassi, Marco Feroci, Alexander Rashevsky, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Mirco Zuffa, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, FUSCHINO, FABIO, Lucia Andreani, Claudio Labanti, Fabio Fuschino, Martino Marisaldi, Yuri Evangelista, M. Ahangarianabhari, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Piero Malcovati, Marco Grassi, Marco Feroci, Alexander Rashevsky, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Mirco Zuffa, and Giuseppe Baldazzi

Subjects
XRAY, Dianostic xray beams
Abstract

Conventional radiology uses X-ray beams with polychromatic spectrum consisting of a bremsstrahlung continuous component - with an energy band known only by means of half value layer (HVL), filtration and kVp values - and fluorescence lines. However the knowledge of the spectrum is crucial to allow advanced improvements of the diagnostic imaging with the lowest dose administered to the patients. In order to overcome the difficulty to make direct spectrometry on the diagnostic beam, we developed a simulation software based on a parametric semi-empirical model, that is able to reconstruct the X-ray diagnostic spectrum from 10 keV to 140 keV. This software makes use of experimental parameters, which can be measured in real time by two different methods. In this paper the calibration of detection systems will be described and discussed. In addition, the experimental validation of the software will be illustrated.

Published
2013

17. X-rays Compton detectors for biomedical application

Author

Paolo Rossi, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Dante Bollini, Valter Bonvicini, Cristiano Lino Fontana, Gisella Gennaro, Giuliano Moschini, Francesco Navarria, Alexander Rashevsky, Nikolay Uzunov, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, Floyd D. McDaniel, Barney L. Doyle, Paolo Rossi, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Dante Bollini, Valter Bonvicini, Cristiano Lino Fontana, Gisella Gennaro, Giuliano Moschini, Francesco Navarria, Alexander Rashevsky, Nikolay Uzunov, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and and Andrea Vacchi

Subjects
Physics, Silicon drift detector, Small animals SPET, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, POSITION SENSITIVE PARTICLE DETECTORS, Molecular imaging, Gamma-ray astronomy, AND GAMMA-RAY DETEC, Tracking (particle physics), Particle detector, Collimated light, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, Gamma detectors, PHOTOMULTIPLIERS, X-RAY, business, Compton camera, Image resolution
Abstract

Collimators are usually needed to image sources emitting X‐rays that cannot be focused. Alternately, one may employ a Compton Camera (CC) and measure the direction of the incident X‐ray by letting it interact with a thin solid, liquid or gaseous material (Tracker) and determine the scattering angle. With respect to collimated cameras, CCs allow higher gamma‐ray efficiency in spite of lighter geometry, and may feature comparable spatial resolution. CCs are better when the X‐ray energy is high and small setups are required. We review current applications of CCs to Gamma Ray Astronomy and Biomedical systems stressing advantages and drawbacks. As an example, we focus on a particular CC we are developing, which is designed to image small animals administered with marked pharmaceuticals, and assess the bio‐distribution and targeting capability of these latter. This camera has to address some requirements: relatively high activity of the imaged objects; detection of gamma‐rays of different energies that may range from 140 keV (Tc99m) to 511 keV; presence of gamma and beta radiation with energies up to 2 MeV in case of 188Re. The camera consists of a thin position‐sensitive Silicon Drift Detector as Tracker, and a further downstream position‐sensitive system employing scintillating crystals and a multi‐anode photo‐multiplier (Calorimeter). The choice of crystal, pixel size, and detector geometry has been driven by measurements and simulations with the tracking code GEANT4. Spatial resolution, efficiency and scope are discussed.

Published
2011

18. Tomographic Back-Projection Algorithm for 'Incomplete' Compton X-rays Detectors

Author

Cristiano Lino Fontana, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Marcello Galli, Giuliano Moschini, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Paolo Rossi, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, COPYRIGHT © 2011 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, MCDANIEL, FLOYD D. DOYLE, BARNEY L., Cristiano Lino Fontana, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Dante Bollini, Marcello Galli, Giuliano Moschini, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Paolo Rossi

Subjects
COMPTON CAMERA, SMALL ANIMALS SPET, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, MOLECULAR IMAGING, ISOTOPE MARKERS, GAMMA DETECTORS
Abstract

A "Compton" detector finds the direction of an X-ray by letting it interact with a gaseous, liquid or thin solid material (Tracker) and employing no collimators. This paper takes into account the case of an "incomplete" solid Tracker where the recoiling electron travels only a few dozen microns and cannot be followed. However, impact positions and incoming and outgoing energies are measured. In this situation, exploiting the Compton Scattering formula, one is only able to identify a cone whose surface the X-ray belongs to. On the other hand, Compton tomography luckily requires only a few views (for example rotating the apparatus in just four positions around the subject), as the "electronic collimation" that takes place in each position already extracts X-rays coming from many directions. A back-projection algorithm that combines the reconstructed "cones" in space, weighed according to the Klein-Nishina formula, has been applied to the special case of small animal SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Here the source is close to the detector, every imaged point in space is calculated from many rays that are emitted at different angles, and the algorithm totally differs from that of the Compton imaging in Astronomy. Tomography reconstruction has been validated by employing simulated data, generated using GEANT4 that includes the Doppler Broadening in the energies of scattered photons, which is due to moving non-free electrons. Space resolution has been assessed.

Published
2010

19. Measuring the size of the proton

Author

Vacchi, Andrea, Andrzej, Adamczak, Benjamin, Andreson, Dimitar, Bakalov, Michail, Stoilov, Giuseppe, Battistoni, Nandini, Bhattacharya, Paul, Urbach, Mirko, Boezio, Walter, Bonvicini, Nicola, Zampa, Maurizio, Bonesini, Miltcho, Danailov, Alexander, Demidovich, Milohum, Dzagli, Komlan, Gadedjisso-Tossou, Joe, Niemela, Lyubomir, Stoychev, and Kumar Sumeet and Roberta Ramponi

Published
2012

20. Tomographic Back‐Projection Algorithm for 'Incomplete' Compton X‐Rays Detectors

Author

Cristiano Lino Fontana, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Dante Bollini, Marcello Galli, Giuliano Moschini, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Paolo Rossi, Floyd D. McDaniel, and Barney L. Doyle

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Compton scattering, Electron, Iterative reconstruction, Optics, Position (vector), Tomography, business, Electronic Collimation, Algorithm, Image resolution
Abstract

A “Compton” detector finds the direction of an X‐ray by letting it interact with a gaseous, liquid or thin solid material (Tracker) and employing no collimators. This paper takes into account the case of an “incomplete” solid Tracker where the recoiling electron travels only a few dozen microns and cannot be followed. However, impact positions and incoming and outgoing energies are measured. In this situation, exploiting the Compton Scattering formula, one is only able to identify a cone whose surface the X‐ray belongs to. On the other hand, Compton tomography luckily requires only a few views (for example rotating the apparatus in just four positions around the subject), as the “electronic collimation” that takes place in each position already extracts X‐rays coming from many directions. A back‐projection algorithm that combines the reconstructed “cones” in space, weighed according to the Klein‐Nishina formula, has been applied to the special case of small animal SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed To...

Published
2011

22. X-ray imaging and spectroscopy performance of a large area silicon drift chamber for wide-field x-ray astronomy applications

Author

Andrea Vacchi, Alexander Rashevsky, G. Zampa, A. Rubini, Francesco Lazzarotto, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Muleri, F. Fuschino, Piero Malcovati, Ettore Del Monte, M. Feroci, Massimo Rapisarda, Marco Grassi, Enrico Costa, Martino Marisaldi, Claudio Labanti, L. Pacciani, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Baldazzi, V. Bonvicini, Paolo Soffitta, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, E. Morelli, Marcello Mastropietro, L. Picolli, Gianluigi Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, Marco Feroci, Claudio Labanti, Valter Bonvicini, Alexander Rashevsky, Nicola Zampa, Riccardo Campana, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Fabio Muleri, Luigi Pacciani, Alda Rubini, Paolo Soffitta, Enrico Costa, Immacolata Donnarumma, Francesco Lazzarotto, Marcello Mastropietro, Ennio Morelli, Massimo Rapisarda, Fabio Fuschino, Martino Marisaldi, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Luca Picolli, Marco Grassi, and and Piero Malcovati

Subjects
Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Silicon Drift Chambers, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Collimated light, Imaging, law.invention, Optics, law, X-rays, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS, Spectroscopy, X-RAY IMAGING, Room temperature, Physics, X-ray astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, business.industry, Detector, Particle accelerator, X-RAY ASTRONOMY, chemistry, business
Abstract

In the context of the design of wide-field of view experiments for X-ray astronomy, we studied the response to X-rays in the range between 2 and 60 keV of a large area Silicon Drift Chamber originally designed for particle tracking in high energy physics. We demonstrated excellent imaging and spectroscopy performance of monolithic 53 cm 2 detectors, with position resolution as good as 30 μm and energy resolution in the range 300-570 eV FWHM obtainable at room temperature (20 °C). In this paper we show the results of test campaigns at the X-ray facility at INAF/IASF Rome, aimed at characterizing the detector performance by scanning the detector area with highly collimated spots of monochromatic X-rays. In these tests we used a detector prototype equipped with discrete read-out front-end electronics.

Published
2010

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