353 results on '"Nicola Caporaso a"'
Search Results
2. Reviving grain quality in wheat through non‐destructive phenotyping techniques like hyperspectral imaging
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Luqman B. Safdar, Kateryna Dugina, Ali Saeidan, Guilherme V. Yoshicawa, Nicola Caporaso, Brighton Gapare, M. Jawad Umer, Rahul A. Bhosale, Iain R. Searle, M. John Foulkes, Scott A. Boden, and Ian D. Fisk
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grain quality ,hyperspectral imaging ,plant breeding ,wheat ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Abstract A long‐term goal of breeders and researchers is to develop crop varieties that can resist environmental stressors and produce high yields. However, prioritising yield often compromises improvement of other key traits, including grain quality, which is tedious and time‐consuming to measure because of the frequent involvement of destructive phenotyping methods. Recently, non‐destructive methods such as hyperspectral imaging (HSI) have gained attention in the food industry for studying wheat grain quality. HSI can quantify variations in individual grains, helping to differentiate high‐quality grains from those of low quality. In this review, we discuss the reduction of wheat genetic diversity underlying grain quality traits due to modern breeding, key traits for grain quality, traditional methods for studying grain quality and the application of HSI to study grain quality traits in wheat and its scope in breeding. Our critical review of literature on wheat domestication, grain quality traits and innovative technology introduces approaches that could help improve grain quality in wheat.
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- 2023
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3. Effect of Salt Addition and Fermentation Time on Phenolics, Microbial Dynamics, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Sensory Properties of the PDO Table Olives of Gaeta (Italy)
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Raffaele Sacchi, Giandomenico Corrado, Boris Basile, Daniele Mandarello, Maria Luisa Ambrosino, Antonello Paduano, Maria Savarese, Nicola Caporaso, Maria Aponte, and Alessandro Genovese
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Olea europaea ,table olive ,SPME-GC/MS ,polyphenols ,microorganisms ,VOC ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
‘Oliva di Gaeta’ is almost certainly the most important and well-known PDO denomination for table olives in Italy. Their production is based on a specific two-stage trade preparation called the ‘Itrana’ method. In this work, we investigated how variations in the duration of the initial water fermentation (i.e., 15 and 30 days) and the salt concentration (i.e., 6% and 8% NaCl) influence the chemical features, microbial dynamics, polyphenols, volatile organic compounds, and sensory features of ‘Oliva di Gaeta’. The time of the addition of salt did not affect the final concentration in the brine, but a longer initial water fermentation (before salt addition) led to lower pH values. The bacterial count constantly increased until the salt addition (i.e., either 15 or 30 days), while the yeast population peaked on day 30. Generally, the two different salt concentrations did not affect the count of microorganisms at the end of fermentation, with the only exception being a higher lactic acid bacteria count for the treatment with 6% salt added at 30 days. At commercial maturity, the crucial bitter tastant oleuropein was not completely removed from the drupes, and differences in salt concentration and the length of the first-stage water fermentation did not influence its content at the end of olive curing. Richer volatile profiles of olives were detected with higher-salt treatments, while the combination of low salt and early saline treatment provided a more distinct profile. Longer initial water fermentation caused a small increase in some phenolic compounds (e.g., iso-verbascoside, verbascoside, and hydroxytyrosol-glucoside). A panel test indicated that salt application at 30 days resulted in a more “Sour” and “Bitter” taste, irrespective of the salt concentration. The low salt concentration coupled with the late saline treatment resulted in more “Fruity” notes, probably due to the higher production of esters by lactobacilli. The slightly bitter perception of the olives was consistent with the partial removal of oleuropein. Our work revealed the characteristics of the ‘Itrana’ method and that the variation in salt concentration and its time of application changes parameters ranging from the microbial dynamics to the sensory profile. Specifically, our data indicate that 6% NaCl coupled with a longer initial water fermentation is the most different condition: it is less effective in blocking microbial growth but, at the same time, is more potent in altering the nutritional (e.g., polyphenols) and sensorial qualities (e.g., bitterness and fruitiness) of ‘Oliva di Gaeta’.
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- 2022
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4. Advances in Food Flavor Analysis
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Alessandro Genovese and Nicola Caporaso
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n/a ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Food flavour is an important key driver in consumer acceptability [...]
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- 2022
- Full Text
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5. Influence of Yeast Strain on Odor-Active Compounds in Fiano Wine
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Alessandro Genovese, Nicola Caporaso, and Luigi Moio
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yeasts ,volatile compounds ,white wine ,gas chromatography/olfactometry ,Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA) ,alcoholic fermentation ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The type of yeast strain used for wine alcoholic fermentation dramatically affects its final volatile composition and, therefore, its sensory properties. In this study, the influence of four oenological Saccharomyces strains (three S. cerevisiae and one S. bayanus) on wine volatile composition was determined on the Fiano variety, a typical cultivar from the Campania region (Italy), fermented in oak barrique. Fiano wines were analyzed by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O). The results showed that the four selected yeast strains had a significant impact on the majority of volatile compounds as shown by the concentration of volatile compounds and based on the Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA) values for many of the odor volatile compounds. This resulted in a dramatic change of the odor impact of the wines, such as the “fruity” attribute, which was higher compared to the control, and caused some changes of other odor attributes, particularly “floral”, “phenolic” and “honey”. This research demonstrates the potential of using these selected yeast strains and this technological approach of oak fermentation for this typical white wine grape variety.
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- 2021
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6. Use of Meat-Bone Paste to Develop Calcium-Enriched Liver Pâté
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Zhanibek Yessimbekov, Aitbek Kakimov, Nicola Caporaso, Anuarbek Suychinov, Baktybala Kabdylzhar, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Assemgul Baikadamova, Rubén Domínguez, and José M. Lorenzo
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healthy meat products ,mineral enrichment ,calcium ,functional meat products ,meat by-products ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
The production technology of meat-bone paste and its effect on chemical, mineral and amino acid compositions of liver pâté were studied. The liver was replaced by meat-bone paste in the concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% for the production of experimental samples. The compositional analysis of pâté manufactured with meat-bone paste showed that the reformulation did not influence the content of moisture (~56%), fat (~28%), or protein (~11%) while producing a significant increase of ash and a decrease of carbohydrates in comparison with control pâtés. The higher amounts of minerals of bone-meat paste, including calcium (3080 mg/100 g), magnesium (2120 mg/100 g), phosphorous (2564 mg/100 g), and iron (7.30 mg/100 g), explained the higher amount of both ash and these minerals in the reformulated samples compared to the control samples. The total caloric value (~300 kcal/100 g) was also unaffected by the addition of bone-meat paste. The content of both essential and non-essential amino acids decreased with the inclusion of meat-bone paste, although this decrease was lower in essential (6280 mg/100 g in control vs. 5756 mg/100 g in samples with 25% of meat-bone paste) than in non-essential amino acids (6080 mg/100 g in control vs. 3590 mg/100 g in samples with 25% of meat-bone paste). This fact is due to several essential amino acids not showing differences between control and reformulated samples, while in non-essential amino acids, these differences were greater. The results of this study showed that meat-bone paste addition is a good strategy to produce liver pâté enriched in minerals and with minimum influence on the content of the other important nutrients. Therefore, these results can be used for the design of new liver pâté with an increased nutritional significance by using meat industry by-products. According to the balance of minerals, the use of 15% of meat-bone paste to reformulate liver pâté is the best strategy used in the present research. However, additional studies on the stability (during storage), shelf-life, and sensory acceptability of these reformulated pâtés should be carried out.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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7. Viral Outcome in Patients with Occult HBV Infection or HCV-Ab Positivity Treated for Lymphoma
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Maria Guarino, Marco Picardi, Anna Vitiello, Novella Pugliese, Matilde Rea, Valentina Cossiga, Fabrizio Pane, Nicola Caporaso, and Filomena Morisco
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Rituximab ,Chemotherapy ,Occult HBV infection ,HCV infection ,Specialties of internal medicine ,RC581-951 - Abstract
HBV and HCV reactivation has been widely reported in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for oncohaematological diseases. We aimed to evaluate the HBV and HCV reactivation events in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin lym-phoma (HL) underwent cytotoxic chemotherapy containing or not rituximab. This is a retrospective observational study, including all patients with NHL and HL attending an Italian tertiary referral hospital, the University of Naples “Federico II”. A total of 322 patients were enrolled. We evaluated serum HBV and HCV markers. A total of 47 (38%) patients with occult HBV infection were enrolled. Seven/47 were treated with therapeutic cytotoxic schedule containing rituximab. Of them, 6/7 received prophylaxis with lamivudine. HBV reactivation was observed in two patients treated with rituximab. A reactivation was observed in the only patient (HBcAb+/HB-sAb+) not receiving lamivudine prophylaxis, and the other one was observed in 1 patient with isolated HBcAb positivity during lami-vudine prophylaxis. Moreover, 8 patients with HCV-Ab positivity were enrolled. No viral reactivation was observed in these patients. In conclusion, patients with occult HBV infection receiving chemotherapy containing rituximab for lymphoma without antiviral prophylaxis are at risk of viral reactivation. On the contrary, there is no risk of reactivation in patients undergoing rituximab-free schedule. Our findings suggest that there is also very low risk of HCV reactivation. This preliminary report underlines the concept that HBV reactivation is strongly related to the type of immunosuppressive therapy administered and that antiviral prophylaxis needs to be tailored.
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- 2017
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8. Cost Minimization Analysis of Radiofrequency Compared to Laser Thermal Ablation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Maria Guarino, Lucia Sara D'Angiolella, Luigia Falco, Federica Morando, Giovan Giuseppe Di Costanzo, Filomena Morisco, Giovanni Improta, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, and Nicola Caporaso
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hepatocellular carcinoma ,laser ablation ,radiofrequency ,pharmacoeconomic analysis ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over the last decade of years, minimally invasive techniques have been developed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases. We sought to investigate the health costs associated with the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiofrequency vs laser thermal ablation and their clinical outcomes. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the ablations performed in two referral centers in southern Italy, from 2009 to 2013. Resource use was valued by year 2017 official prices, in €. Direct healthcare costs (drugs, visits, tests and hospitalizations) of different ablation techniques were compared. Total costs were analyzed from Italian NHS perspective. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients were identified. Baseline demographics and clinical outcomes of interest did not differ between the two groups. Patients treated with laser thermal ablation resulted in an expected annually cost savings of 258.9 € per patient, in one-year follow-up healthcare costs compared with radiofrequency. The largest components of annual medical expenditures were attributable to drugs, regardless of the type of ablative technique. CONCLUSIONS: The ablation using either laser thermal ablation or radiofrequency is equally effective. Laser thermal ablation would carry disposable cost savings as compared to radiofrequency. The costs associated with management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, treated with laser thermal ablation were lower than those treated with radiofrequency ablation.
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- 2019
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9. Coffee prevents fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet by modulating pathways of the gut–liver axis
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Paola Vitaglione, Giovanna Mazzone, Vincenzo Lembo, Giuseppe D'Argenio, Antonella Rossi, Maria Guido, Marcella Savoia, Federico Salomone, Ilario Mennella, Francesca De Filippis, Danilo Ercolini, Nicola Caporaso, and Filomena Morisco
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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ,Metabolic syndrome ,Gut permeability ,Gut microbiota ,Polyphenols ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Medicine - Abstract
Coffee consumption is inversely associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A gap in the literature still exists concerning the intestinal mechanisms that are involved in the protective effect of coffee consumption towards NAFLD. In this study, twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups each receiving a standard diet, a high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD plus decaffeinated coffee (HFD+COFFEE) for 12 weeks. Coffee supplementation reduced HFD-induced liver macrovesicular steatosis (P
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- 2019
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10. Flavor Chemistry of Virgin Olive Oil: An Overview
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Alessandro Genovese, Nicola Caporaso, and Raffaele Sacchi
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extra virgin olive oil ,phenolic compounds ,volatile compounds ,aroma release ,virgin olive oil off-flavor ,human saliva ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) has unique chemical characteristics among all other vegetable oils which are of paramount importance for human health. VOO constituents are also responsible of its peculiar flavor, a complex sensation due to a combination of aroma, taste, texture, and mouthfeel or trigeminal sensations. VOO flavor depends primarily on the concentration and nature of volatile and phenolic compounds present in olive oil which can change dramatically depending on agronomical and technological factors. Another aspect that can change the flavor perception is linked to the oral process during olive oil tasting. In fact, in this case, some human physiological and matrix effects modulate the flavor release in the mouth. The present review aims to give an overview on VOO flavor, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms affecting its production and release during a tasting.
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- 2021
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11. Timing Strategies of Direct-Acting Antivirals and Biologics Administration in HCV-Infected Subjects with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Nicola Imperatore, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Anna Sessa, Nicola Caporaso, and Filomena Morisco
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inflammatory bowel diseases ,hepatitis C virus infection ,direct-acting antivirals ,biologics ,drug-to-drug interaction ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Background: In the last years, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection management has completely changed. However, the role of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and the correct timing of antiviral drugs administration in IBD patients needing biologics has not been evaluated.Objective: To discuss the management of HCV-infected IBD patients, focusing our attention on the timing of DAAs administration subjects needing biologics.Methods: Relevant articles addressing HCV management in patients needing biologics were identified by searching from PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus.Results: Three possible timing strategies were identified: (1) sequential strategy, meaning the choice of treating firstly the active IBD with biologics and then, once the acute phase has been controlled, treating the HCV infection; (2) concomitant strategy, that is the contemporaneous beginning of DAAs and biologics administration; (3) inverted sequential strategy—the administration of antiviral therapy before biologics in HCV-infected IBD patients. The potential pharmacological interactions between biologics and DAAs have also been reported.Conclusions: Clinical management of HCV-infected IBD patients remains a challenging problem for clinicians, especially in terms of timing choice. Recent published data about DAAs are very encouraging also in IBD patients. All strategies could be considered safe and effective. However, further data are immediately required in order to evaluate hepatic toxicity of novel immunosuppressive drugs in IBD.
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- 2017
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12. Antonio Ascione, 1941 - 2023: in memoriam
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Nicola Caporaso
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Hepatology ,Gastroenterology - Published
- 2023
13. Application of calibrations to hyperspectral images of food grains: example for wheat falling number
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Nicola Caporaso, Martin B. Whitworth, and Ian D. Fisk
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hyperspectral imaging ,partial least squares calibration ,food grains ,whole wheat kernels ,Hagberg Falling Number (HFN) ,Analytical chemistry ,QD71-142 - Abstract
The presence of a few kernels with sprouting problems in a batch of wheat can result in enzymatic activity sufficient to compromise flour functionality and bread quality. This is commonly assessed using the Hagberg Falling Number (HFN) method, which is a batch analysis. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can provide analysis at the single grain level with potential for improved performance. The present paper deals with the development and application of calibrations obtained using an HSI system working in the near infrared (NIR) region (~900–2500 nm) and reference measurements of HFN. A partial least squares regression calibration has been built using 425 wheat samples with a HFN range of 62–318 s, including field and laboratory pre-germinated samples placed under wet conditions. Two different approaches were tested to apply calibrations: i) application of the calibration to each pixel, followed by calculation of the average of the resulting values for each object (kernel); ii) calculation of the average spectrum for each object, followed by application of the calibration to the mean spectrum. The calibration performance achieved for HFN (R2 = 0.6; RMSEC ~ 50 s; RMSEP ~ 63 s) compares favourably with other studies using NIR spectroscopy. Linear spectral pre-treatments lead to similar results when applying the two methods, while non-linear treatments such as standard normal variate showed obvious differences between these approaches. A classification model based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was also applied to segregate wheat kernels into low (250 s) HFN groups. LDA correctly classified 86.4% of the samples, with a classification accuracy of 97.9% when using an HFN threshold of 150 s. These results are promising in terms of wheat quality assessment using a rapid and non-destructive technique which is able to analyse wheat properties on a single-kernel basis, and to classify samples as acceptable or unacceptable for flour production.
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- 2017
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14. Prediction of coffee aroma from single roasted coffee beans by hyperspectral imaging
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Nicola Caporaso, Ian D. Fisk, and M.B. Whitworth
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Volatile Organic Compounds ,biology ,Flavour ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Coffee roasting ,Hyperspectral Imaging ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Coffee ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Odorants ,Seeds ,Food science ,Aroma ,Food Science ,Roasting ,Mathematics - Abstract
Coffee aroma is critical for consumer liking and enables price differentiation of coffee. This study applied hyperspectral imaging (1000–2500 nm) to predict volatile compounds in single roasted coffee beans, as measured by Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. Partial least square (PLS) regression models were built for individual volatile compounds and chemical classes. Selected key aroma compounds were predicted well enough to allow rapid screening (R2 greater than 0.7, Ratio to Performance Deviation (RPD) greater than 1.5), and improved predictions were achieved for classes of compounds - e.g. aldehydes and pyrazines (R2 ∼ 0.8, RPD ∼ 1.9). To demonstrate the approach, beans were successfully segregated by HSI into prototype batches with different levels of pyrazines (smoky) or aldehydes (sweet). This is industrially relevant as it will provide new rapid tools for quality evaluation, opportunities to understand and minimise heterogeneity during production and roasting and ultimately provide the tools to define and achieve new coffee flavour profiles.
- Published
- 2022
15. Incidence of HCC recurrence after DAA treatment for HCV in a multicentre Italian cohort study
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Nicola Caporaso, Angelo Salomone Megna, Maria Guarino, Filomena Morisco, Nicola Coppola, Federica Morando, Marco Guarracino, Anna Sessa, Luca Rinaldi, Andrea Aglitti, Dario Bruzzese, Giovan Giuseppe Di Costanzo, Guarino, Maria, Giuseppe Di Costanzo, Giovan, Bruzzese, Dario, Sessa, Anna, Guarracino, Marco, Rinaldi, Luca, Aglitti, Andrea, Salomone Megna, Angelo, Morando, Federica, Coppola, Nicola, Caporaso, Nicola, and Morisco, Filomena
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,medicine ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Pharmacology (medical) ,medicine.disease ,business ,Obesity ,Cohort study - Published
- 2020
16. PNPLA3 rs738409 Polymorphism Predicts Development and Severity of Hepatic Steatosis but Not Metabolic Syndrome in Celiac Disease
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Raffaella Tortora, Antonio Rispo, Anna Alisi, Nicola Imperatore, Annalisa Crudele, Francesca Ferretti, Valerio Nobili, Luca Miele, Nicolò Gerbino, Nicola Caporaso, and Filomena Morisco
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celiac disease ,metabolic syndrome ,hepatic steatosis ,PNPLA3 ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) and hepatic steatosis (HS) have been described in patients with celiac disease (CD) after starting a gluten-free diet (GFD), but data on predictive factors for these conditions are scarce. Recently, the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 has been identified as a key factor for HS development in the general population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PNPLA3 rs738409 in the development of MS and HS in CD patients after starting GFD. Between June 2014 and September 2016, we consecutively enrolled CD patients with HS, while those without steatosis served as a control group. All patients underwent anthropometric and serologic investigations, ultrasonography (US) to assess the degree and severity of HS, and genotyping of the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism. Finally, 370 subjects were enrolled (136 with and 234 without HS). At genotyping assays, the CC genotype was found in 194 subjects (52.4%), the CG genotype in 138 subjects (37.3%), and the GG genotype in 38 subjects (10.2%). At binary logistic regression, only CG and GG alleles were predictive for the development of HS (odds ratio (OR) 1.97; p < 0.01 for CG and OR 6.9; p < 0.001 for GG). Body mass index (BMI) (OR 3.8; p < 0.001) and waist circumference (OR 2.8; p = 0.03) at CD diagnosis were the only independent factors for the development of MS. Intergroup comparisons showed that the severe grade of HS was more frequently observed in GG than in CC carriers (74% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001, OR 21.8). PNPLA3 CG and GG carriers with CD have a higher susceptibility to hepatic steatosis, but not to metabolic syndrome. Moreover, patients with GG alleles display more severe forms of HS based on ultrasound.
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- 2018
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17. Use of Meat-Bone Paste to Develop Calcium-Enriched Liver Pâté
- Author
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José M. Lorenzo, Anuarbek Suychinov, Nicola Caporaso, Aitbek Kakimov, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Zhanibek Yessimbekov, Assemgul Baikadamova, Baktybala Kabdylzhar, and Rubén Domínguez
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Health (social science) ,healthy meat products ,calcium ,Magnesium ,Chemical technology ,mineral enrichment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,Calcium ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Microbiology ,Article ,Amino acid ,Nutrient ,chemistry ,Bone Paste ,Food science ,meat by-products ,functional meat products ,Food Science - Abstract
The production technology of meat-bone paste and its effect on chemical, mineral and amino acid compositions of liver pâté were studied. The liver was replaced by meat-bone paste in the concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% for the production of experimental samples. The compositional analysis of pâté manufactured with meat-bone paste showed that the reformulation did not influence the content of moisture (~56%), fat (~28%), or protein (~11%) while producing a significant increase of ash and a decrease of carbohydrates in comparison with control pâtés. The higher amounts of minerals of bone-meat paste, including calcium (3080 mg/100 g), magnesium (2120 mg/100 g), phosphorous (2564 mg/100 g), and iron (7.30 mg/100 g), explained the higher amount of both ash and these minerals in the reformulated samples compared to the control samples. The total caloric value (~300 kcal/100 g) was also unaffected by the addition of bone-meat paste. The content of both essential and non-essential amino acids decreased with the inclusion of meat-bone paste, although this decrease was lower in essential (6280 mg/100 g in control vs. 5756 mg/100 g in samples with 25% of meat-bone paste) than in non-essential amino acids (6080 mg/100 g in control vs. 3590 mg/100 g in samples with 25% of meat-bone paste). This fact is due to several essential amino acids not showing differences between control and reformulated samples, while in non-essential amino acids, these differences were greater. The results of this study showed that meat-bone paste addition is a good strategy to produce liver pâté enriched in minerals and with minimum influence on the content of the other important nutrients. Therefore, these results can be used for the design of new liver pâté with an increased nutritional significance by using meat industry by-products. According to the balance of minerals, the use of 15% of meat-bone paste to reformulate liver pâté is the best strategy used in the present research. However, additional studies on the stability (during storage), shelf-life, and sensory acceptability of these reformulated pâtés should be carried out.
- Published
- 2021
18. Risk stratification of HCC occurrence after HCV eradication: a complicate plot of risk factors related and unrelated to the previous viral disease
- Author
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Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Valentina Cossiga, Maria Guarino, Cossiga, Valentina, Guarino, Maria, Morisco, Filomena, and Caporaso, Nicola
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cirrhosis ,business.industry ,Hepatitis C virus ,Cancer ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Editorial ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Internal medicine ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Risk stratification ,medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Viral disease ,Risk factor ,business - Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of leading cause of cirrhosis, that is the strongest risk factor for the development of HCC in Western countries (1,2).
- Published
- 2020
19. A new decision model for economic evaluation of novel therapies for HCV
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Matteo Ruggeri, Americo Cicchetti, Silvia Coretti, Carlo Cammà, Nicola Caporaso, and Antonio Gasbarrini
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wef model ,economic evaluation ,hcv ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
In 2014, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has given the license to two new direct-acting antiviral: sofosbuvir and simeprevir. The evidence provided by the studies, reported a high rate of SVR even in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. This and other innovative elements are potentially adept at changing the entire natural course of HCV. However, the dramatic prevalence rates of HCV observed in Italy, and the high prices that are expected to be required by the pharmaceutical industry, raises some critical issues about how to regulate access to such drugs. The objective of this article is to present a new decision model for the evaluation of novel therapies for HCV. This model is intended to provide a tool for the decision-maker that seeks to address the main issues related to the introduction of HCV new treatments. The model that we have structured follows the classic Bayesian approach, using data from reference literature for staging the action of treatments depending on the level of fibrosis (F0, F1, F2, F3, F4). The model is designed to consider patients with all genotypes and allows to make comparisons between innovative and traditional therapies (dual, triple, IFN free, PI combinations, etc.), for both experienced and naïve patients. In addition, the model is used to simulate mixed cohorts of patients, representing a population with HCV with different levels of fibrosis and different genotypes. To show the potential of the model, we created some simple scenarios assuming different levels of SVR and pricing. The results of our model show that, even assuming an SVR rate of 100%, the administration of new treatments for HCV subjects F1 / 2 has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio not sustainable. In contrast, for the subjects F3 and F4, low incremental SVR rates and an incremental cost of the innovative therapy of € 40,000 would be cost effective. The added value of this model is its versatility and applicability to diverse assessment needs. In addition, the model offers an opportunity for reflection even to the industry, which in the years to come will have to develop strategies for entering the market and offer sustainable prices for decision-makers and at the same time remunerate the investment in research and development consistently with the expectations of the shareholders.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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20. Augmented Endoscopy for Surveillance of Colonic Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review With Network Meta-analysis
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Giovanni Domenico De Palma, Fabiana Castiglione, Gianluca Cassese, Antonio Rispo, Anna Testa, Nicola Caporaso, Nicola Imperatore, Imperatore, Nicola, Castiglione, Fabiana, Testa, Anna, De Palma, Giovanni Domenico, Caporaso, Nicola, Cassese, Gianluca, and Rispo, Antonio
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Colon ,Network Meta-Analysis ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Chromoendoscopy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biopsy ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Colonoscopy ,General Medicine ,Publication bias ,Odds ratio ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Endoscopy ,Dysplasia ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Meta-analysis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Introduction Considering the high risk of dysplasia and cancer in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], surveillance is advocated. However, international guidelines do not reach a uniform recommendation on the way to perform surveillance. We performed a systematic review with a meta-analysis to assess the best endoscopic surveillance strategy in colonic IBD. Methods The systematic review was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases to identify studies comparing white light endoscopy [WLE] and augmented endoscopy [AE] in the detection of dysplasia/neoplasia in colonic IBD. A sub-analysis between dye-spray chromoendoscopy [DCE], narrow-band imaging [NBI], I-SCAN, full-spectrum endoscopy [FUSE], and auto-fluorescence imaging [AFI] was also performed. Furthermore, a meta-regression and a network meta-analysis were also performed. Results A total of 27 studies [6167 IBD patients with 2024 dysplastic lesions] met the inclusion criteria. There was no publication bias. AE showed a higher likelihood of detecting dysplasia than WLE (19.3% vs 8.5%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.036), with an incremental yield [IY] of 10.8%. DCE [OR = 2.605] and AFI [OR = 3.055] had higher likelihood of detecting dysplasia than WLE; otherwise, I-SCAN [OR = 1.096], NBI [OR = 0.650], and FUSE [OR = 1.118] were not superior to WLE. Dysplasia was found in 1256/7267 targeted biopsies [17.3%] and in 363/110 040 random biopsies [0.33%] [OR = 66.559, IY = 16.9%]. Meta-regression found no variable impacting on the efficacy of AE techniques. Network meta-analysis identified a significant superiority of DCE to WLE in detecting dysplasia [OR 2.12], but no other single technique was found to be superior to all others in dysplasia detection. Conclusions DCE was associated with higher likelihood of discovering dysplastic lesions than WLE. Chromoendoscopy is the best supported endoscopic technique for IBD surveillance.
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- 2018
21. Performance of the model for end-stage liver disease score for mortality prediction and the potential role of etiology
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Roberto Miraglia, Matteo Garcovich, Giulia Tosetti, Nicola Caporaso, Agostino Colli, Antonio Rampoldi, Ioannis Petridis, Stella De Nicola, Angelo Andriulli, Marcello Dallio, Giovanni Perricone, G. Gobbo, Filomena Morisco, Antonio Gasbarrini, Pietro Pozzoni, Giuseppe Malizia, Angelo Vanzulli, Gennaro D'Amico, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Angelo Luca, Francesco Salerno, Mario D'Amico, Manuela Merli, Luca S. Belli, Vincenzo La Mura, Luchino Chessa, A. Iacobellis, Giuseppe Tarantino, Marco Solcia, Cristiano Sgrazzutti, Lorenzo Ridola, Luigi Maruzzelli, Alessandro Federico, Aldo Airoldi, Luigi Addario, Riccardo Volpes, Massimo Primignani, D'Amico, G., Maruzzelli, L., Airoldi, A., Petridis, I., Tosetti, G., Rampoldi, A., D'Amico, M., Miraglia, R., De Nicola, S., La Mura, V., Solcia, M., Volpes, R., Perricone, G., Sgrazzutti, C., Vanzulli, A., Primignani, M., Luca, A., Malizia, G., Federico, A., Dallio, M., Andriulli, A., Iacobellis, A., Addario, L., Garcovich, M., Gasbarrini, A., Chessa, L., Salerno, F., Gobbo, G., Merli, M., Ridola, L., Baroni, G. S., Tarantino, G., Caporaso, N., Morisco, F., Pozzoni, P., Colli, A., Belli, L. S., D'Amico, Gennaro, Maruzzelli, Luigi, Airoldi, Aldo, Petridis, Ioanni, Tosetti, Giulia, Rampoldi, Antonio, D'Amico, Mario, Miraglia, Roberto, De Nicola, Stella, La Mura, Vincenzo, Solcia, Marco, Volpes, Riccardo, Perricone, Giovanni, Sgrazzutti, Cristiano, Vanzulli, Angelo, Primignani, Massimo, D'Angelo, Luca, Malizia, Giuseppe, Federico, Alessandro, Dallio, Marcello, Andriulli, Angelo, Iacobellis, Angelo, Addario, Luigi, Garcovich, Matteo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Chessa, Luchino, Salerno, Francesco, Gobbo, Giulia, Merli, Manuela, Ridola, Lorenzo, Baroni, Gianluca Svegliati, Tarantino, Giuseppe, Caporaso, Nicola, Morisco, Filomena, Pozzoni, Pietro, Colli, Agostino, Belli, Luca Saverio, D'Amico, G, Maruzzelli, L, Airoldi, A, Petridis, I, Tosetti, G, Rampoldi, A, D'Amico, M, Miraglia, R, De Nicola, S, La Mura, V, Solcia, M, Volpes, R, Perricone, G, Sgrazzutti, C, Vanzulli, A, Primignani, M, Luca, A, Malizia, G, Federico, A, Dallio, M, Andriulli, A, Iacobellis, A, Addario, L, Garcovich, M, Gasbarrini, A, Chessa, L, Salerno, F, Gobbo, G, Merli, M, Ridola, L, Baroni, G, Tarantino, G, Caporaso, N, Morisco, F, Pozzoni, P, Colli, A, and Belli, L
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cirrhosis ,Time Factors ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Validation Studies as Topic ,Models, Biological ,Severity of Illness Index ,Cohort Studies ,End Stage Liver Disease ,Liver disease ,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease ,clinical prediction rule ,Internal medicine ,Post-hoc analysis ,Medicine ,Humans ,Mortality ,Aged ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,cirrhosis ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,MELD ,body regions ,Italy ,Cohort ,Etiology ,TIPS ,Steatohepatitis ,business ,Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ,cirrhosi ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background & Aims Although the discriminative ability of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score is generally considered acceptable, its calibration is still unclear. In a validation study, we assessed the discriminative performance and calibration of 3 versions of the model: original MELD-TIPS, used to predict survival after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS); classic MELD-Mayo; and MELD-UNOS, used by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). We also explored recalibrating and updating the model. Methods In total, 776 patients who underwent elective TIPS (TIPS cohort) and 445 unselected patients (non-TIPS cohort) were included. Three, 6 and 12-month mortality predictions were calculated by the 3 MELD versions: discrimination was assessed by c-statistics and calibration by comparing deciles of predicted and observed risks. Cox and Fine and Grey models were used for recalibration and prognostic analyses. Results In the TIPS/non-TIPS cohorts, the etiology of liver disease was viral in 402/188, alcoholic in 185/130, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in 65/33; mean follow-up±SD was 25±9/19±21 months; and the number of deaths at 3-6-12 months was 57-102-142/31-47-99, respectively. C-statistics ranged from 0.66 to 0.72 in TIPS and 0.66 to 0.76 in non-TIPS cohorts across prediction times and scores. A post hoc analysis revealed worse c-statistics in non-viral cirrhosis with more pronounced and significant worsening in the non-TIPS cohort. Calibration was acceptable with MELD-TIPS but largely unsatisfactory with MELD-Mayo and -UNOS whose performance improved much after recalibration. A prognostic analysis showed that age, albumin, and TIPS indication might be used to update the MELD. Conclusions In this validation study, the performance of the MELD score was largely unsatisfactory, particularly in non-viral cirrhosis. MELD recalibration and candidate variables for an update to the MELD score are proposed. Lay summary While the discriminative performance of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score is credited to be fair to good, its calibration, the correspondence of observed to predicted mortality, is still unsettled. We found that application of 3 different versions of the MELD in 2 independent cirrhosis cohorts yielded largely imprecise mortality predictions particularly in non-viral cirrhosis. Thus, we propose a recalibration and suggest candidate variables for an update to the model.
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- 2021
22. List of Contributors
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L. Arce, Esra Capanoglu, Nicola Caporaso, M.J. Cardador, Susana Casal, Djenaine De Souza, Anastasios Economou, Gamal ElMasry, M. Esteki, Pere Gou, Burcu Guldiken, N. Jurado-Campos, Senem Kamiloglu, Simge Karliga, Romdhane Karoui, Birthe V. Kjellerup, Junyan Liu, Yuting Luo, L.S. Magwaza, A. Martín-Gómez, Fernanda C.O.L. Martins, Ítala M.G. Marx, Francesca Melini, Valentina Melini, K. Ncama, Tugba Ozdal, José A. Pereira, António M. Peres, Renata Raina-Fulton, Michelle A. Sentanin, J. Simal-Gandara, Merve Tomas, Ana C.A. Veloso, Long Wu, Zhenbo Xu, and Perihan Yolci-Omeroglu
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- 2021
23. Impact of Olive Harvesting Date on Virgin Olive Oil Volatile Composition in Four Spanish Varieties
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Raul Olivero-David, Alessandro Genovese, Nicola Caporaso, Maria Angeles Pérez‐Jiménez, Raffaele Sacchi, Caporaso, N., Genovese, A., Perez-Jimenez, M. A., Olivero-David, R., and Sacchi, R.
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Olive oil quality ,extra virgin olive oil aroma ,Ripening ,General Chemistry ,HS-SPME-GC/MS ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Sensory analysis ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,sensory analysis ,Horticulture ,Composition (visual arts) ,Natural variability ,Cultivar ,olive harvesting ,olive oil quality ,Aroma ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,Olive oil ,olive fruit ripening - Abstract
The unique sensory characteristics of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) depends upon its volatile composition. This work investigates the impact of olive fruit harvesting time and growing location on the volatile composition of the obtained EVOO, on four typical Spanish olive varieties (Cornicabra, Picual, Castellana, Manzanilla Cacerena). Several growing locations within the Madrid region (Spain) were studied to assess the natural variability attributed to the environmental factors. Aroma compounds were analysed by Solid-Phase Microextraction coupled with Gas-Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), and sensory analysis. A considerable different behaviour was observed depending on the olive variety and ripening stage. Statistically significant differences were obtained for volatile compounds that biosynthesised from the lipoxygenase pathway and other fatty acid metabolism routes, which resulted in significant differences in their aroma profiles. Practical application: These results have practical applicability for the olive oil industry and regulatory bodies. For example, for Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) EVOOs the aroma profile needs to be consistent over different production lots. The outcome of this research is of interest to the olive oil industry to get a better insight into the expected variability and interaction among cultivars, small pedoclimatic differences within the same broader area, and the harvesting date on the sensory and volatile profile of the resulting EVOO. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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- 2021
24. Hyperspectral imaging techniques for noncontact sensing of food quality
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Nicola Caporaso, Pere Gou, and Gamal ElMasry
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Food industry ,Computer science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Image processing ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Food Analysis ,Data modeling ,Digital image processing ,Food engineering ,Quality (business) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
The special nature of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data requires special image analysis treatments using mathematical, statistical, and software programming approaches. These operations are crucial in building an automatic computer-integrated HSI system qualified for nondestructive assessment of various food quality traits. The theory, fundamentals, and principles of such a system and all accompanying methods associated with the development of robust image processing algorithms of hyperspectral images are explored and reported in this chapter. The quality of the acquired hyperspectral images, the way of extracting spectral fingerprints, and methods of data modeling have substantial effects on the outcomes of the analyses and processing. Fundamental image analysis operations experienced on hyperspectral images during food quality evaluation processes are the cornerstone of this technique. The explored methodologies will have positive impacts not only for food engineers and scientists but also for the food industry willing to adopt this technology in their premises. The strategy applied for image processing for analyzing and visualizing the final results is extremely important to identify the proper decision in detection, classification, quantification, and/or prediction processes. The applications of HSI systems in different sorts of agrifood products were reported with specific examples to demonstrate the potential of such systems in a wide range of analytical tasks. At the end of this chapter, the reader can realize the great capabilities of HSI systems as a novel emerging technique for noninvasive estimation of quality parameters, which proofs why this technology received great acceptance from scientific communities and gained a rapid interest from researchers and food industries. Therefore the state of the art for HSI is expected to gain more and more applications in food analysis and characterization.
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- 2021
25. Functional and physical properties of oil-in-water emulsion based on sodium caseinate, beef rumen and sunflower oil and its effect on nutritional quality of forcemeat
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Nicola Caporaso, Muhammad Usman Khan, Bahytkul Assenova, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Zhanibek Yessimbekov, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Farida Smolnikova, Eleonora Okuskhanova, and Maksim Rebezov
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,food.ingredient ,Polymers and Plastics ,Chemistry ,Sunflower oil ,Sodium Caseinate ,food and beverages ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Rumen ,Ingredient ,food ,Rheology ,Emulsion ,Composition (visual arts) ,Food science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
This study aimed to develop an oil-in-water emulsion with the presence of proteins, to be used as an ingredient in meat products. The emulsion can be used to increase the protein content of the final formulation, and the effect of the presence of proteins in the emulsion was assessed in terms of rheological and sensory properties of the meat products. Five emulsion formulations were designed, by changing the ratios of sodium caseinate, beef rumen, sunflower oil, and water. The emulsion formulated with 10% sodium caseinate, 10% beef rumen, 35% oil, and 45% water provided the optimal protein:fat/oil:water ratio and was suggested for further use as an additive in meat products. It was determined that the addition of 15–20% of O/W emulsion in the composition of forcemeats increases the water and fat-holding capacities and emulsifying ability to the maximum rate compared to the sample without O/W emulsion, which improves the consistency of minced meat. It was found that the addition of 15% of O/W emulsion increases the total number of PUFA up to 55.7%, MUFA up to 25.2%, while the content of SFA decreased to 19.2%.
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- 2021
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26. List of Contributors
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Javier Aranceta-Bartrina, Adela Balderas-Cejudo, Maria João Barroca, Lavinia Florina Călinoiu, Nicola Caporaso, Maria Lisa Clodoveo, Vasile Coman, Rosa Paula Cuevas, Marie Claire Custodio, Matty Demont, Bernadette Emoke Teleky, Maria Gonnella, Emiliano Arencibia Gonzalez, G. Mehul Krishna Kumar, Alexander 'Zoonder' Lachnish, George W. Leeson, Adrian Gheorghe Martău, Laura Mitrea, Ariel Bezaleli Mizrahi, Francesco F. Montesano, Aida Moreira da Silva, Amalia Nemeş, Ian Patterson, Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo, Gabriela Precup, Lars Qvortrup, Massimiliano Renna, Arindam Samaddar, Özge Seçmeler, Francesco Serio, Yaşar Sevimli, Dan Cristian Vodnar, Karen Wistoft, Jhoanne Ynion, and Amit Zoran
- Published
- 2021
27. The impact of molecular gastronomy within the food science community
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Nicola Caporaso
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Presentation ,Engineering ,Ultrasound treatment ,Sensory science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Food engineering ,Molecular gastronomy ,Food systems ,Food science ,business ,Olive oil ,media_common - Abstract
Molecular gastronomy is a novel discipline within the food science area. Its main difference with the traditional food science and technology studies is its focus on kitchen restaurant and home kitchen levels. The collaboration among food scientists (food chemists, food engineers, sensory scientists, etc.) and innovative chefs led to the implementation of a new approach to cooking, often referred to as “science-based cooking” or “molecular cooking.” This implies implementing new techniques, tools, or ingredients borrowed from scientific laboratories. In parallel, a closer look at the kitchen led scientists to investigate phenomena or methods that are often ignored by food scientists. The difference between molecular gastronomy and conventional food science has been discussed in this chapter, with some examples related to studies on olive oil, sous-vide cooking, the use of liquid nitrogen and ultrasound treatment, as well as the technique called “spherification.” The importance of food pairing in haute-cuisine restaurants and for researchers in the area of sensory science has been highlighted, with the presentation of the theoretical/computational approach based on the so-called flavor network and reporting some results based on empirical laboratory-based studies. The negative outcome of these investigations proves the difficulties of simplifying such a complex system, in which odor, taste-active compounds, texture, and other factors interact, and additional complexity is added by cooking itself. Also, the final consumers’ experience depends on other factors such as the dish presentation and their general expectations.
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- 2021
28. Influence of yeast strain on odor-active compounds in fiano wine
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Nicola Caporaso, Luigi Moio, Alessandro Genovese, Genovese, A., Caporaso, N., and Moio, L.
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Technology ,QH301-705.5 ,QC1-999 ,White wine ,Ethanol fermentation ,Saccharomyces ,Yeasts ,Gas chromatography/olfactometry ,General Materials Science ,Food science ,volatile compounds ,Biology (General) ,Barrique ,QD1-999 ,Instrumentation ,Aroma ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Wine ,biology ,Chemistry ,Physics ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,General Engineering ,food and beverages ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,biology.organism_classification ,Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA) ,Yeast ,Computer Science Applications ,barriques ,Odor ,White Wine ,Volatile compound ,Fermentation ,TA1-2040 ,Alcoholic fermentation - Abstract
The type of yeast strain used for wine alcoholic fermentation dramatically affects its final volatile composition and, therefore, its sensory properties. In this study, the influence of four oenological Saccharomyces strains (three S. cerevisiae and one S. bayanus) on wine volatile composition was determined on the Fiano variety, a typical cultivar from the Campania region (Italy), fermented in oak barrique. Fiano wines were analyzed by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O). The results showed that the four selected yeast strains had a significant impact on the majority of volatile compounds as shown by the concentration of volatile compounds and based on the Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA) values for many of the odor volatile compounds. This resulted in a dramatic change of the odor impact of the wines, such as the “fruity” attribute, which was higher compared to the control, and caused some changes of other odor attributes, particularly “floral”, “phenolic” and “honey”. This research demonstrates the potential of using these selected yeast strains and this technological approach of oak fermentation for this typical white wine grape variety.
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- 2021
29. Procedure-related bleeding risk in patients with cirrhosis and severe thrombocytopenia
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Mariacristina Morelli, Pierluigi Toniutto, Domenico Alvaro, Edoardo G. Giannini, Francesco Violi, A. Iacobellis, and Nicola Caporaso
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Liver Cirrhosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cirrhosis ,Percutaneous ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Clinical Biochemistry ,MEDLINE ,Blood Loss, Surgical ,Reviews ,thrombocytopenia ,Review ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Postoperative Hemorrhage ,Chronic liver disease ,Esophageal and Gastric Varices ,Biochemistry ,Severity of Illness Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Humans ,Paracentesis ,Platelet ,biopsy ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Endoscopy, Digestive System ,Ligation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,liver cirrhosis ,platelet count ,platelet transfusions ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Severe thrombocytopenia ,Liver Transplantation ,Liver ,Tooth Extraction ,Catheter Ablation ,Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ,business - Abstract
Background Gaps of knowledge still exist about the potential association between severe thrombocytopenia and increased risk of procedure‐associated bleeding in patients with liver disease. Methods In this narrative review, we aimed at examining the association between procedure‐related bleeding risk and platelet count in patients with cirrhosis and severe thrombocytopenia in various settings. We updated to 2020 a previously conducted literature search using MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE. The search string included clinical studies, adult patients with chronic liver disease and thrombocytopenia undergoing invasive procedures, any interventions and comparators, and haemorrhagic events of any severity as outcome. Results The literature search identified 1276 unique publications, and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed together with those identified by the previous search. Most of the new studies included in our analysis did not assess the association between post‐procedural bleeding risk and platelet count alone in patients with chronic liver disease. Furthermore, some results could have been biased by prophylactic platelet transfusions. A few studies found that severe thrombocytopenia may be predictive of bleeding following percutaneous liver biopsy, dental extractions, percutaneous ablation of liver tumours and endoscopic polypectomy. Conclusions Currently available literature cannot support definitive conclusions about the appropriate target platelet counts to improve the risk of bleeding in cirrhotic patients who underwent invasive procedures; moreover, it showed enormous variability in the use of prophylactic platelet transfusions.
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- 2020
30. Olive (Olea europaea)
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Dimitrios Boskou and Nicola Caporaso
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Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Unsaponifiable ,biology ,Olea ,Molecular gastronomy ,Fatty acid composition ,Food science ,Phenols ,biology.organism_classification ,Olive oil - Abstract
Olive oil is the product obtained from the olive fruit. Several grades can be obtained, extra virgin olive oil being the top category. The balanced fatty acid composition of olive oil, particularly its high content of oleic acid, makes this product nutritionally important. In addition, virgin olive oil contains bioactive compounds such as unsaponifiable constituents and phenolic compounds. Polar phenols and volatile compounds are two of the most interesting classes of compounds in olive oil. The scientifically proven beneficial health effects related to VOO consumption and the unique sensory properties of this product make it versatile for several culinary uses. This chapter reviews olive oil composition, focusing on the flavour-active compounds and their changes due to the variety, environmental conditions, processing and technological factors. The culinary uses of olive oils are then presented, with emphasis on traditional uses, possible food pairing and innovative applications including substitution of other fats and molecular gastronomy.
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- 2020
31. Rapid 'breath-print' of liver cirrhosis by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A pilot study.
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Filomena Morisco, Eugenio Aprea, Vincenzo Lembo, Vincenzo Fogliano, Paola Vitaglione, Giovanna Mazzone, Luca Cappellin, Flavia Gasperi, Stefania Masone, Giovanni Domenico De Palma, Riccardo Marmo, Nicola Caporaso, and Franco Biasioli
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
UnlabelledThe aim of the present work was to test the potential of Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and the assessment of disease severity by direct analysis of exhaled breath. Twenty-six volunteers have been enrolled in this study: 12 patients (M/F 8/4, mean age 70.5 years, min-max 42-80 years) with liver cirrhosis of different etiologies and at different severity of disease and 14 healthy subjects (M/F 5/9, mean age 52.3 years, min-max 35-77 years). Real time breath analysis was performed on fasting subjects using a buffered end-tidal on-line sampler directly coupled to a PTR-ToF-MS. Twelve volatile organic compounds (VOCs) resulted significantly differently in cirrhotic patients (CP) compared to healthy controls (CTRL): four ketones (2-butanone, 2- or 3- pentanone, C8-ketone, C9-ketone), two terpenes (monoterpene, monoterpene related), four sulphur or nitrogen compounds (sulfoxide-compound, S-compound, NS-compound, N-compound) and two alcohols (heptadienol, methanol). Seven VOCs (2-butanone, C8-ketone, a monoterpene, 2,4-heptadienol and three compounds containing N, S or NS) resulted significantly differently in compensate cirrhotic patients (Child-Pugh A; CP-A) and decompensated cirrhotic subjects (Child-Pugh B+C; CP-B+C). ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis was performed considering three contrast groups: CP vs CTRL, CP-A vs CTRL and CP-A vs CP-B+C. In these comparisons monoterpene and N-compound showed the best diagnostic performance.ConclusionsBreath analysis by PTR-ToF-MS was able to distinguish cirrhotic patients from healthy subjects and to discriminate those with well compensated liver disease from those at more advanced severity stage. A breath-print of liver cirrhosis was assessed for the first time.
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- 2013
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32. Is Space a Stronger Resource than Time? Positive Answer for the Nondeterministic at-Least-Quadratic Time Case
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Nicola Caporaso
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- 2010
33. Pomegranate as a source of bioactive constituents: a review on their characterization, properties and applications
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Zhanibek Yessimbekov, Abdur Rauf, Maryam Pirzadeh, Nicola Caporaso, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Usman Khan, Mohammad Ali Shariati, and Mohammad S. Mubarak
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Staphylococcus aureus ,Antioxidant ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Antibiotics ,Health benefits ,medicine.disease_cause ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Antioxidants ,Pomegranate ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Food science ,Punicalagin ,Lythraceae ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,Pathogenic bacteria ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,040401 food science ,Cereus ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Fruit ,Food Science - Abstract
Increasing awareness about the use of compounds obtained from natural sources exerting health-beneficial properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, led to increased number of research papers focusing on the study of functional properties of target compounds to be used as functional foods or in preventive medicine. Pomegranate has shown positive health properties due to the presence of bioactive constituents such as polyphenols, tannins, and anthocyanins. Punicalagin is the major antioxidant, abundantly found in pomegranate's peel. Research has shown that pomegranate polyphenols not only have a strong antioxidant capacity but they also inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria like V. cholera, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and S. virulence factor, and inhibits fungi such as A. Ochraceus, and P. citrinum. Compounds of natural origin inhibit the growth of various pathogens by extending the shelf life of foodstuffs and assuring their safety. Therefore, the need to find compounds to be used in combination with antibiotics or as new antimicrobial sources, such as plant extracts. On the basis of the above discussion, this review focuses on the health benefits of pomegranate, by summarizing the current body of research focusing on pomegranate bioactive constituents and their therapeutic potential against some pathogenic microbes.
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- 2020
34. Liver resection is always a good choice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients regardless of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage: the therapeutic hierarchy
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Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Maria Guarino, Guarino, Maria, Caporaso, Nicola, and Morisco, Filomena
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hierarchy ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,BCLC Stage ,Resection ,Text mining ,Internal medicine ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,medicine ,Liver cancer ,business - Published
- 2020
35. On-treatment serum albumin level can guide long-term treatment in patients with cirrhosis and uncomplicated ascites
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Alessandro Federico, M. Colpani, Paolo Caraceni, Marco Domenicali, Manuel Tufoni, L. Simone, A Alberti, Giovanni Raimondo, A. Risso, Antonietta Sticca, Salvatore Piano, Anna Visani, Francesco Salerno, Giacomo Laffi, Piera Rossi, Paolo Angeli, F. Fidone, Pierluigi Toniutto, Vincenza Calvaruso, Silvia Nardelli, Aldo Airoldi, Sara Massironi, Stefania Gioia, A. Roncadori, Marco Marzioni, Nicola Caporaso, N.M. Castellaneta, Stefano Fagiuoli, Francesco Giuseppe Foschi, Raffaele Cozzolongo, Maria Rendina, Irene Cacciola, Oliviero Riggio, Sergio Neri, Raffaella Viganò, Ferdinando Giannone, Chiara Mazzarelli, Maria Marsico, Giovanni Parrella, Riccardo Guarisco, Chiara Elia, F. Levantesi, M. Cavallin, Alida Andrealli, A. Pecchioli, Loredana Prestianni, Rosanna De Marco, T Gabbani, Elga Neri, S. Boccia, Arianna Lanzi, Giacomo Zaccherini, Marcello Dallio, Giovanni Perricone, Giorgio Ballardini Natascia Celli, Francesco Auriemma, Federica Mirici Cappa, Agnese Antognoli, Annalisa Tortora, Gianfranco Elia, R. Bringiotti, Francesco De Leonardis, Marcello Vangeli, Agostino Rizzotto, Dario Conte, Manuela Merli, Francesca Capretti, Mauro Bernardi, Chiara Pasquale, Pietro Leo, D. Maiorca, M. Zappimbulso, Filomena Morisco, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Maurizio Baldassarre, Lucia Cesarini, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Maria Guarino, Carmelina Loguercio, Alessandra Galioto, Antonio Mastroianni, Giorgio Maria Saracco, Antonio Gasbarrini, G. Magini, Alba Kostandini, Carlo Alessandria, Josè Petruzzi, Vito Di Marco, Silvano Fasolato, Elisa Negri, Fabio Pugliese, Mario Angelico, Daniela Campion, Caraceni P., Tufoni M., Zaccherini G., Riggio O., Angeli P., Alessandria C., Neri S., Foschi F.G., Levantesi F., Airoldi A., Simone L., Svegliati-Baroni G., Fagiuoli S., Laffi G., Cozzolongo R., Di Marco V., Sangiovanni V., Morisco F., Toniutto P., Gasbarrini A., De Marco R., Piano S., Nardelli S., Elia C., Roncadori A., Baldassarre M., Bernardi M., Domenicali M., Giannone F.A., Antognoli A., Merli M., Pasquale C., Gioia S., Fasolato S., Sticca A., Campion D., Risso A., Saracco G.M., Prestianni L., Fidone F., Maiorca D., Rizzotto A., Cappa F.M., Lanzi A., Neri E., Visani A., Mastroianni A., Perricone G., Alberti A.B., Cesarini L., Mazzarelli C., Vangeli M., Vigano R., Marzioni M., Capretti F., Kostandini A., Magini G., Colpani M., Gabbani T., Marsico M., Zappimbulso M., Petruzzi J., Calvaruso V., Parrella G., Caporaso N., Auriemma F., Guarino M., Pugliese F., Tortora A., Leo P., Angelico M., De Leonardis F., Pecchioli A., Rossi P., Raimondo G., Cacciola I., Elia G., Negri E., Dallio M., Loguercio C., Federico A., Conte D., Massironi S., Natascia Celli G.B., Rendina M., Bringiotti R., Castellaneta N.M., Salerno F., Boccia S., Guarisco R., Galioto A., Cavallin M., Andrealli A., Caraceni, P., Tufoni, M., Zaccherini, G., Riggio, O., Angeli, P., Alessandria, C., Neri, S., Foschi, F. G., Levantesi, F., Airoldi, A., Simone, L., Svegliati-Baroni, G., Fagiuoli, S., Laffi, G., Cozzolongo, R., Di Marco, V., Sangiovanni, V., Morisco, F., Toniutto, P., Gasbarrini, A., De Marco, R., Piano, S., Nardelli, S., Elia, C., Roncadori, A., Baldassarre, M., Bernardi, M., Domenicali, M., Giannone, F. A., Antognoli, A., Merli, M., Pasquale, C., Gioia, S., Fasolato, S., Sticca, A., Campion, D., Risso, A., Saracco, G. M., Prestianni, L., Fidone, F., Maiorca, D., Rizzotto, A., Cappa, F. M., Lanzi, A., Neri, E., Visani, A., Mastroianni, A., Perricone, G., Alberti, A. B., Cesarini, L., Mazzarelli, C., Vangeli, M., Vigano, R., Marzioni, M., Capretti, F., Kostandini, A., Magini, G., Colpani, M., Gabbani, T., Marsico, M., Zappimbulso, M., Petruzzi, J., Calvaruso, V., Parrella, G., Caporaso, N., Auriemma, F., Guarino, M., Pugliese, F., Tortora, A., Leo, P., Angelico, M., De Leonardis, F., Pecchioli, A., Rossi, P., Raimondo, G., Cacciola, I., Elia, G., Negri, E., Dallio, M., Loguercio, C., Federico, A., Conte, D., Massironi, S., Natascia Celli, G. B., Rendina, M., Bringiotti, R., Castellaneta, N. M., Salerno, F., Boccia, S., Guarisco, R., Galioto, A., Cavallin, M., Andrealli, A., Caraceni, P, Tufoni, M, Zaccherini, G, Riggio, O, Angeli, P, Alessandria, C, Neri, S, Foschi, F, Levantesi, F, Airoldi, A, Simone, L, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Fagiuoli, S, Laffi, G, Cozzolongo, R, Di Marco, V, Sangiovanni, V, Morisco, F, Toniutto, P, Gasbarrini, A, De Marco, R, Piano, S, Nardelli, S, Elia, C, Roncadori, A, Baldassarre, M, Bernardi, M, Domenicali, M, Giannone, F, Antognoli, A, Merli, M, Pasquale, C, Gioia, S, Fasolato, S, Sticca, A, Campion, D, Risso, A, Saracco, G, Prestianni, L, Fidone, F, Maiorca, D, Rizzotto, A, Cappa, F, Lanzi, A, Neri, E, Visani, A, Mastroianni, A, Perricone, G, Alberti, A, Cesarini, L, Mazzarelli, C, Vangeli, M, Vigano, R, Marzioni, M, Capretti, F, Kostandini, A, Magini, G, Colpani, M, Gabbani, T, Marsico, M, Zappimbulso, M, Petruzzi, J, Calvaruso, V, Parrella, G, Caporaso, N, Auriemma, F, Guarino, M, Pugliese, F, Tortora, A, Leo, P, Angelico, M, De Leonardis, F, Pecchioli, A, Rossi, P, Raimondo, G, Cacciola, I, Elia, G, Negri, E, Dallio, M, Loguercio, C, Federico, A, Conte, D, Massironi, S, Natascia Celli, G, Rendina, M, Bringiotti, R, Castellaneta, N, Salerno, F, Boccia, S, Guarisco, R, Galioto, A, Cavallin, M, and Andrealli, A
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Cirrhosis ,ascites ,complications ,liver cirrhosis ,serum albumin ,survival ,Serum albumin ,Survival ,Logistic regression ,Gastroenterology ,Biomarkers, Pharmacological ,Ascites ,Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,biology ,Middle Aged ,Intention to Treat Analysis ,Treatment Outcome ,Ascite ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Drug Monitoring ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Settore MED/12 - GASTROENTEROLOGIA ,Serum Albumin, Human ,03 medical and health sciences ,Serum albumin level ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Post-hoc analysis ,Humans ,In patient ,Biological Products ,Cirrhosi ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Albumin ,medicine.disease ,Long-Term Care ,Survival Analysis ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,business ,Complication - Abstract
Background & Aims: The ANSWER study reported that long-term albumin administration in patients with cirrhosis and uncomplicated ascites improves survival. During treatment, serum albumin increased within a month and remained stable thereafter. In this post hoc analysis, we aimed to determine whether on-treatment serum albumin levels could guide therapy. Methods: Logistic regression was used to assess the association between baseline serum albumin and mortality, as well as to determine on-treatment factors associated with mortality and to predict the achievement of a given on-treatment serum albumin level. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier estimates and second-order polynomial regression. Patients whose on-treatment serum albumin remained below normal were compared with a subset of patients from the control arm matched by principal score. Results: Baseline serum albumin was closely associated with 18-month mortality in untreated patients; albumin treatment almost effaced this relationship. On-treatment serum albumin and MELD-Na at month 1 were the sole independent variables associated with mortality. Second-order polynomial regression revealed that survival improved in parallel with increased 1-month on-treatment serum albumin. Kaplan-Meier estimations showed that any value of 1-month on-treatment serum albumin (0.1 g/dl intervals) in the range 2.5–4.5 g/dl discriminated patient survival. In the normal range of serum albumin, the best discriminant value was 4.0 g/dl. Compared to untreated patients, survival even improved in patients whose on-treatment serum albumin remained below normal. Conclusion: Baseline serum albumin per se should not guide the decision to start albumin therapy. Conversely, 1-month on-treatment serum albumin levels are strongly associated with outcomes and could guide the use of albumin – 4.0 g/dl being the target threshold. However, even patients whose serum albumin remains below normal benefit from long-term albumin administration. Lay summary: The ANSWER study has shown that long-term albumin administration improves survival and prevents the occurrence of major complications in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. This study shows that the achievement of these beneficial effects is related to a significant increase in serum albumin concentration. Even though the best results follow the achievement of a serum albumin concentration of 4 g/dl, a survival benefit is also achieved in patients who fail to normalise serum albumin.
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- 2020
36. Use of odorant series for extra virgin olive oil aroma characterisation
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Raffaele Sacchi, Carmen Mena, Terigi Leone, Maria Angeles Pérez‐Jiménez, Nicola Caporaso, Antonello Paduano, and Alessandro Genovese
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0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Odour activity value ,biology ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Chemistry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Solid-phase microextraction ,040401 food science ,Sensory analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Consumer information ,Food products ,Gas chromatography ,Food science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Aroma ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,Olive oil - Abstract
Background: Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) volatile composition is mainly used as a means of characterisation and authentication, especially for protected denomination of origin (PDO) products. This work investigated the volatile compounds from 25 EVOOs from four Spanish (Cornicabra, Manzanilla Castellana, Picual and Manzanilla Cacerena) and four Italian (Ortice, Ravece, Nocellara del Belice and Itrana) cultivars in terms of odour activity value (OAV). Forty-seven volatile compounds were analysed by solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). OAVs of volatile compounds with similar descriptors were grouped in order to establish eight odorant series: fruity, grass, apple, tomato, floral, woody-spicy, fatty and mushroom.; Results: No differences in sensory descriptors were observed among the EVOOs analysed by official VOO sensory analysis. The method of odorant series applied herein was demonstrated to successfully characterise EVOO odour as expected from a sensory panel but using only instrumental analysis of volatile compounds, and giving additional reliable quantitative information. The results can be presented as a 'barcode', providing a visual and effective graphical representation allowing an easy and rapid description of EVOO sensory attributes using instrumental data.; Conclusion: The odorant series have the potential to better differentiate the aroma of food products, opening new possibilities allowing a schematic and effective visual representation to be used for EVOO quality control and consumer information, especially in new olive oil consuming countries. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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- 2018
37. Assessment of milk fat content in fat blends by 13 C NMR spectroscopy analysis of butyrate
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Gianluca Picariello, Raffaele Sacchi, Raffaele Romano, Nicola Caporaso, Francesco Addeo, and Antonello Paduano
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0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Detection limit ,13C NMR ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Milk fat ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Fatty acid ,Butyrate ,Butyric acid ,Carbon-13 NMR ,Authenticity ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Blood chemistry ,Fat blends ,Composition (visual arts) ,Food science ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Butyric acid (butyrate) is a candidate marker of milk fat in complex fat blends, since it is exclusive of milk triacylglycerols (TAGs) from different ruminant species. In this work, we determined the amount of milk fat used for the preparation of fat blends by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy-based quantification of butyrate. When tested on fat samples spiked with known amounts of reference bovine milk fat (BCR-519 certified material), the relative composition of the mixtures was reliably assessed through the integration of the diagnostic 13C NMR carbonyl (C1) or ?-carbonyl methylene (C2) resonances of butyrate. NMR data exhibited strict correlation with high resolution-gas chromatography (GC) of fatty acid methyl esters (R2?=?0.99), which was used as an independent and well-established method for the determination of butyrate. Thus, 13C NMR can be used for the direct assessment of milk fat content in fat mixtures, at a limit of detection lower than 5%, with clear advantages over the traditional GC methods in terms of speed, robustness and minimal sample handling. The natural variability of butyrate in milk has been taken into account to estimate the uncertainty associated with the milk fat content in unknown fat blends.
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- 2018
38. Eradication of HCV in Renal Transplant Recipients and Its Effects on Quality of Life
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Pasquale Buonanno, L. Donnarumma, Silvia Camera, Lucia Ferreri, Massimo Sabbatini, Filomena Morisco, Ivana Capuano, Nicola Caporaso, Sabbatini, Massimo, Capuano, Ivana, Camera, Silvia, Ferreri, Lucia, Buonanno, Pasquale, Donnarumma, Laura, Caporaso, Nicola, and Morisco, Filomena
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article Subject ,Sofosbuvir ,Immunology and Microbiology (all) ,lcsh:Medicine ,Renal function ,Hepacivirus ,030230 surgery ,Antiviral Agents ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Liver stiffness ,Internal medicine ,Ribavirin ,Hcv hepatitis ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Antiviral Agent ,Hepaciviru ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Proteinuria ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Hepatitis C, Chronic ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis C ,Kidney Transplantation ,Regimen ,Treatment Outcome ,Italy ,chemistry ,Renal transplant ,Quality of Life ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Human ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background. The use of direct antiviral agents (DAA) has radically modified the course of HCV hepatitis in renal patients. Aim of this study was to assess the effects of HCV eradication on quality of life (QOL) in renal transplant recipients (RTR), measured by CLDQ and SF-36. Methods. Sixteen RTR with well preserved GFR (mean: 60.3±19.3 ml/min) and chronic HCV infection with moderate liver stiffness (9.3±1.7 kPa) were given a sofosbuvir-based regimen for 12 weeks and had a 1 year follow-up. Results. At end of treatment (EOT) a complete viral clearance was observed in all the patients, with normalization of most laboratory data and a consistent reduction in liver stiffness. All these parameters remained stable after 1 year, as well as renal function and proteinuria. Questionnaire data showed consistent amelioration in different “emotional” domains at EOT, which persisted after 1 year and were associated with a globally improved QOL, although there was no change in most of the “physical” domains in both questionnaires. One patient under ribavirin developed an acute anemia and withdrew from the study, but no further adverse episode was observed throughout the study. Conclusions. Our data, while confirming the efficacy of oral DAA, show that HCV infection represents a heavy psychological burden in renal transplant recipients, greatly alleviated by viral eradication, which determines a significant improvement in QOL that represents an important outcome in management of all transplant recipients. This trial is registered with ISRCTN97560076.
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- 2018
39. Dietary supplementation of vitamin D prevents the development of western diet‐induced metabolic, hepatic and cardiovascular abnormalities in rats
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Carmine Morisco, G. Mazzone, Maria D'Armiento, Carmine Del Giudice, Antonella Rossi, Giuseppe D'Argenio, Nicola Caporaso, Bruno Trimarco, Vincenzo Lembo, Filomena Morisco, Mazzone, Giovanna, Morisco, Carmine, Lembo, Vincenzo, D’Argenio, Giuseppe, D’Armiento, Maria, Rossi, Antonella, Giudice, Carmine Del, Trimarco, Bruno, Caporaso, Nicola, and Morisco, Filomena
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0301 basic medicine ,Vitamin ,insulin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,vitamin D ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Diabete ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,cardiovascular disease ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Western diet ,HOMA ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Dietary supplementation ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Gastroenterology ,Fructose ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,western diet ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Oncology ,chemistry ,business - Abstract
The western diet high in fat and fructose may cause metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases.To evaluate whether long-term daily vitamin DThree groups of rats were fed for 6 months with standard diet (SD), western diet (WD) or WD containing 23 IU/day/rat vitamin DSixty-one per cent of hepatocytes in WD rats had steatotic vacuoles compared with just 27% in rats on a WD plus vitamin DIn animal models of liver and cardiovascular metabolic damage, the supplementation of vitamin D
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- 2018
40. In vivo bioavailability of polyphenols from grape by-product extracts, and effect on lipemia of normocholesterolemic Wistar rats
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Natalia de las Heras, Raul Olivero-David, Vicente Lahera, Baltasar Ruiz-Roso, Nicola Caporaso, Lourdes Pérez-Olleros, and María Belén Ruiz-Roso
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0301 basic medicine ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Bile acid ,Cholesterol ,medicine.drug_class ,food and beverages ,Context (language use) ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bioavailability ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ingredient ,chemistry ,Functional food ,Polyphenol ,medicine ,Myricetin ,Food science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The direct use of phenolic extracts from grape by-products can be useful when formulating functional food to improve consumer health. The use of phenolic extracts instead of pure polyphenols as an ingredient is relevant in this context. The present study investigated the bioavailability and absorption of polyphenols from grape by-product extracts and their health effect on cholesterolemia, by adding the extract (GE) to Wistar rats diet (50 g kg-1 ) in vivo.; Results: GE caused the appearance of (+)-catechin, myricetin and quercetic acid in plasma and liver. (+)-Catechin was the most abundant compound (6 μg mL-1 in plasma and 0.7 μg mg-1 protein in liver), whereas no phenolic compounds were detected in plasma or liver in the control group. Similarly, 3,4-hydroxyphenylacetic, a major product of polyphenol digestion, was detected in the plasma, liver and urine of the GE-group only. GE-group had significantly lower cholesterol level and lower total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio in plasma. Total bile acid content significantly increased in fecal matter after 24 h administration of the GE-enriched diet.; Conclusion: Grape extract polyphenols are partially bioavailable and showed improvement in lipid metabolism. Thus, the results suggest that GE is promising as a functional ingredient in the prevention of hypercholesterolemia. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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- 2018
41. FRAX Score Can Be Used to Avoid Superfluous DXA Scans in Detecting Osteoporosis in Celiac Disease: Accuracy of the FRAX Score in Celiac Patients
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Nicola Imperatore, Nicola Caporaso, Matilde Rea, N. Gerbino, Giovanna Affinito, Raffaella Tortora, Pietro Capone, Antonio Rispo, Tortora, Raffaella, Imperatore, Nicola, Capone, Pietro, Gerbino, Nicolò, Rea, Matilde, Affinito, Giovanna, Caporaso, Nicola, and Rispo, Antonio
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,FRAX ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Osteoporosis ,Disease ,Unnecessary Procedures ,Risk Assessment ,DXA scan ,Fractures, Bone ,03 medical and health sciences ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,0302 clinical medicine ,Predictive Value of Tests ,FRAX score ,Internal medicine ,Bone mineral density ,Humans ,Celiac disease ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Osteoporosi ,Guideline ,Gold standard (test) ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Secondary osteoporosis ,Radiology ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
The Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool has been developed to estimate patients' 10-yr probability of fracture, thus establishing which patients should undergo dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan. This study aimed to evaluate if the FRAX tool can replace or optimize the use of DXA scan in celiac disease (CD). We prospectively enrolled all CD patients aged over 40 yr diagnosed at our third-level unit. At time of CD diagnosis, all patients underwent FRAX score calculation for risk of major osteoporotic and hip fractures and DXA scan (used as gold standard) to assess the accuracy of the FRAX score. The FRAX score calculation was based on the following 10 variables: age (>40 yr), sex (M/F), body mass index, history of previous fracture (yes/no), parent fractured hip (yes/no), current smoking (yes/no), use of steroids (yes/no), rheumatoid arthritis (yes/no), secondary osteoporosis (yes/no), and alcohol ≥3 units/d (yes/no). DXA assessment was performed within 1 week from FRAX calculation. The FRAX score was dichotomized as normal or pathologic in accordance with the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group. A total of 160 CD patients were enrolled (M/F = 20/140; mean age 48.7 yr). A pathologic FRAX score was evident in 14 out of 160 patients (8.7%), whereas osteoporosis based on DXA scan was found in 10 patients (6%) (κ = 0.6); 3 patients with osteoporosis (1.9%) showed a 10-yr risk of major fracture >10% according to the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group criteria. With regard to diagnostic accuracy, the FRAX score showed sensitivity of 0%, specificity of 91%, positive predictive value of 0%, and negative predictive value of 94%. The prevalence of osteoporosis in adult CD appears to be quite low and only a small proportion of patients would require a DXA investigation. The FRAX score could be an effective tool to avoid useless DXA scans in CD patients in view of its high negative predictive value.
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- 2018
42. Rapid prediction of single green coffee bean moisture and lipid content by hyperspectral imaging
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Ian D. Fisk, Stephen Grebby, Nicola Caporaso, and M.B. Whitworth
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2. Zero hunger ,Chemical imaging ,Coffee fat ,Moisture ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Hyperspectral imaging ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Machine vision technology ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,0104 chemical sciences ,Coffee quality ,Moisture distribution ,Horticulture ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Individual bean analysis ,Lipid content ,Partial least squares regression ,Green coffee ,Food Science ,Mathematics - Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (1000–2500 nm) was used for rapid prediction of moisture and total lipid content in intact green coffee beans on a single bean basis. Arabica and Robusta samples from several growing locations were scanned using a “push-broom” system. Hypercubes were segmented to select single beans, and average spectra were measured for each bean. Partial Least Squares regression was used to build quantitative prediction models on single beans (n = 320–350). The models exhibited good performance and acceptable prediction errors of ∼0.28% for moisture and ∼0.89% for lipids. This study represents the first time that HSI-based quantitative prediction models have been developed for coffee, and specifically green coffee beans. In addition, this is the first attempt to build such models using single intact coffee beans. The composition variability between beans was studied, and fat and moisture distribution were visualized within individual coffee beans. This rapid, non-destructive approach could have important applications for research laboratories, breeding programmes, and for rapid screening for industry., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Intact single green coffee beans were analysed for their moisture and fat content by HSI. • NIR Hyperspectral imaging was applied to develop PLS calibrations for these constituents. • The PLSR performance showed a performance comparable with traditional NIR instrumentation. • A classification model was successfully applied by PLS-DA to discriminate Arabica vs Robusta.
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- 2018
43. Protein content prediction in single wheat kernels using hyperspectral imaging
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Martin B. Whitworth, Ian D. Fisk, and Nicola Caporaso
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Chemical imaging ,Coefficient of determination ,Mean squared error ,near-infrared spectroscopy ,hyperspectral imaging ,Analytical chemistry ,rapid measurement ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,single kernel assessment ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Hardness ,Partial least squares regression ,Calibration ,Least-Squares Analysis ,chemical imaging ,Triticum ,Mathematics ,cereals ,2. Zero hunger ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Hyperspectral imaging ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040401 food science ,0104 chemical sciences ,Kernel (statistics) ,Biological system ,wheat protein ,Food Science - Abstract
Highlights • HSI was applied for non-destructive prediction of total protein content in wheat kernels. • Above 2100 wheat kernels were taken from ~200 batches and individually analysed. • PLS regression models had R2 = 0.82 and prediction error lower than 0.93%. • Protein distribution had wide range (6–20%) and was visualised by applying the calibration. • The performance of HgGcTe was superior to the one built by simulating InGaAs sensors., Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combines Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and digital imaging to give information about the chemical properties of objects and their spatial distribution. Protein content is one of the most important quality factors in wheat. It is known to vary widely depending on the cultivar, agronomic and climatic conditions. However, little information is known about single kernel protein variation within batches. The aim of the present work was to measure the distribution of protein content in whole wheat kernels on a single kernel basis, and to apply HSI to predict this distribution. Wheat samples from 2013 and 2014 harvests were sourced from UK millers and wheat breeders, and individual kernels were analysed by HSI and by the Dumas combustion method for total protein content. HSI was applied in the spectral region 980–2500 nm in reflectance mode using the push-broom approach. Single kernel spectra were used to develop partial least squares (PLS) regression models for protein prediction of intact single grains. The protein content ranged from 6.2 to 19.8% (“as-is” basis), with significantly higher values for hard wheats. The performance of the calibration model was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) from 3250 samples used for calibration and 868 used for external validation. The calibration performance for single kernel protein content was R2 of 0.82 and 0.79, and RMSE of 0.86 and 0.94% for the calibration and validation dataset, enabling quantification of the protein distribution between kernels and even visualisation within the same kernel. The performance of the single kernel measurement was poorer than that typically obtained for bulk samples, but is acceptable for some specific applications. The use of separate calibrations built by separating hard and soft wheat, or on kernels placed on similar orientation did not greatly improve the prediction ability. We simulated the use of the lower cost InGaAs detector (1000–1700 nm), and reported that the use of proposed HgCdTe detectors over a restricted spectral range gave a lower prediction error (RMSEC = 0.86% vs 1.06%, for HgCdTe and InGaAs, respectively), and increased R2 value (Rc2 = 0.82 vs 0.73).
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- 2018
44. Near-Infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging for non-destructive quality assessment of cereal grains
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Nicola Caporaso, M.B. Whitworth, and Ian D. Fisk
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Materials science ,Quality assessment ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Analytical technique ,Hyperspectral imaging ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Whole grains ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cereal grain ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Non destructive ,Spectroscopy ,Instrumentation ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combines spectroscopy and imaging, providing information about the chemical properties of a material and their spatial distribution. It represents an advance of traditional Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The present work reviews the most recent applications of NIR spectroscopy for cereal grain evaluation, then focused on the use of HSI in this field. The progress of research from ground material to whole grains and single kernels is detailed. The potential of NIR-based methods to predict protein content, sprout damage and α-amylase activity in wheat and barley is shown, in addition to assessment of quality parameters in other cereals such as rice, maize and oats, and the estimation of fungal infection. This analytical technique also offers the possibility to rapidly classify grains based on properties such as variety, geographical origin, kernel hardness, etc. Further applications of HSI are expected in the near future, for its potential for rapid single-kernel analysis.
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- 2018
45. The role of TMPRSS6 and HFE variants in iron deficiency anemia in celiac disease
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Achille Iolascon, Antonio Rispo, Mariasole Bruno, Luigia De Falco, Annalisa Castagna, Nicola Imperatore, Mario Capasso, Domenico Girelli, Raffaella Tortora, Nicola Caporaso, De Falco, Luigia, Tortora, Raffaella, Imperatore, Nicola, Bruno, Mariasole, Capasso, Mario, Girelli, Domenico, Castagna, Annalisa, Caporaso, Nicola, Iolascon, Achille, and Rispo, Antonio
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Erythrocyte Indices ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Disease ,Gastroenterology ,Pathogenesis ,Hemoglobins ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene Frequency ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Genotype ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,iron deficiency anemia (IDA) ,Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Serine Endopeptidases ,Hematology ,Treatment Outcome ,TMPRSS6, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), celiac disease (CD) ,Serum iron ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Iron, Dietary ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,TMPRSS6 ,Iron ,Mutation, Missense ,Diet, Gluten-Free ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hepcidins ,Hepcidin ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Hemochromatosis Protein ,Allele frequency ,Alleles ,Autoantibodies ,celiac disease (CD) ,business.industry ,Membrane Proteins ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,medicine.disease ,Celiac Disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Intestinal Absorption ,Iron-deficiency anemia ,Ferritins ,biology.protein ,business - Abstract
We investigated the role of HFE C282Y, H63D, and TMPRSS6 A736V variants in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in celiac disease (CD) patients, at diagnosis and after 1 year of gluten-free diet (GFD). Demographic and clinical features were prospectively recorded for all CD patients between 2013 and 2017. C282Y, H63D, and A736V variants were evaluated for CD patients and controls. Finally, 505 consecutive CD patients and 539 age-matched control subjects were enrolled. At diagnosis, 229 CD subjects had IDA (45.3%), with a subgroup of anemic patients (45.4%) presented persistent IDA at follow-up. C282Y allele frequency was significantly increased in CD compared with controls (1.1% vs 0.2%, P = .001), whereas H63D and A736V allele frequencies were similar among patients and controls (P = .92 and .84, respectively). At diagnosis, C282Y variant in anemic CD patients was significantly increased compared to nonanemic group (2% and 0.5%, P = .04). At follow-up, A736V was significantly increased in IDA persistent than in IDA not persistent (57.7% vs 35.2%, P
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- 2017
46. Prevalence of and risk factors for HBV infection in a metropolitan Southern Italian area: Evidence for the effectiveness of universal Hepatitis B vaccination
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Tommaso Stroffolini, Flavia Lucia Lombardo, Ilaria Loperto, Silvia Camera, Filomena Morisco, Nicola Caporaso, L. Donnarumma, Valentina Cossiga, Maria Guarino, Morisco, Filomena, Stroffolini, Tommaso, Lombardo, Flavia Lucia, Guarino, Maria, Camera, Silvia, Cossiga, Valentina, Donnarumma, Laura, Loperto, Ilaria, and Caporaso, Nicola
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,HBsAg ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Epidemiology ,Population ,Logistic regression ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Poverty Areas ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cities ,Hepatitis B Antibodies ,education ,Socioeconomic status ,education.field_of_study ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Age Factors ,Gastroenterology ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Italy ,Social Class ,Educational Status ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Residence ,Risk factor ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Available data on HBV prevalence in Italy are outdated and assessed with studies conducted in small towns. We aimed to evaluate prevalence of and risk factors for HBV infection in the metropolitan area of Naples, 24 years after the introduction of mass vaccination campaign against Hepatitis B in Italy.A random systematic sample of the adult general population of Naples was selected from the register of 3 general practitioners in 3 different socio-economic districts. Independent predictors of the likelihood of HBV infection were identified by logistic regression analysis.Among 900 selected subjects, 772 (85.8%) participated in the study. The overall HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalences were 1.7% and 14.4%, respectively. Both markers were more likely detected in the district at low socioeconomic status than in those at medium-high status (p0.01). Anti-HBc prevalence linearly increased from 0% in subjects 30 years old or younger to 28.0% in those older than 60 years of age (p0.01). At multivariate analysis, age60 years (OR3.38; 95%CI:1.98-5.74), low socioeconomic district of residence (OR3.26; 95%CI:1.72-6.18), and low educational qualification (OR2.73; 95%CI:1.45-5.16) were independent predictors of anti-HBc positivity.Differences in socioeconomic conditions have played a major role in the past spread of HBV infection in Naples. Hepatitis B vaccination has resulted very effectively in preventing HBV infection, regardless of the district of residence, as none of the subjects in the vaccinated cohorts was exposed to the infection.
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- 2017
47. Real life experiences in HCV management in 2018
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Nicola Caporaso, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Stefano Bonora, Giovanni Di Perri, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Sergio Babudieri, Raffaele Bruno, Giuliano Rizzardini, Pietro Lampertico, Pietro Andreone, Gloria Taliani, Alessio Aghemo, Tullio Prestileo, Nicola Coppola, Anna Linda Zignego, Antonio Gasbarrini, Vito Di Marco, Massimo Andreoni, F. Cartabellotta, Adriano M. Pellicelli, Alfredo Alberti, Giovanni Raimondo, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Valeria Cento, Alessia Ciancio, Mauro Viganò, Savino Bruno, Massimo Puoti, Carlo Federico Perno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Antonio Craxì, Piero Colombatto, Stefano Fagiuoli, Mauro Viganò, Massimo Andreoni, Carlo Federico Perno, Antonio Craxì, Alessio Aghemo, Alfredo Alberti, Pietro Andreone, Sergio Babudieri, Stefano Bonora, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto ORCID Icon, Raffaele Bruno, Savino Bruno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Nicola Caporaso, Fabio Cartabellotta, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Valeria Cento, Alessia Ciancio, Piero Colombatto ORCID Icon, Nicola Coppola, Vito Di Marco, Giovanni Di Perri, Stefano Fagiuoli, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Antonio Gasbarrini ORCID Icon, Pietro Lampertico, Adriano Pellicelli, Tullio Prestileo, Massimo Puoti, Giovanni Raimondo, Giuliano Rizzardini, Gloria Taliani & Anna Linda Zignego (for the AdHoc (Advancing Hepatitis C for the Optimization of Cure) Working Party.) ORCID Icon, Vigano M., Andreoni M., Perno C.F., Craxi A., Aghemo A., Alberti A., Andreone P., Babudieri S., Bonora S., Brunetto M.R., Bruno R., Bruno S., Calvaruso V., Caporaso N., Cartabellotta F., Ceccherini-Silberstein F., Cento V., Ciancio A., Colombatto P., Coppola N., Di Marco V., Di Perri G., Fagiuoli S., Gaeta G.B., Gasbarrini A., Lampertico P., Pellicelli A., Prestileo T., Puoti M., Raimondo G., Rizzardini G., Taliani G., Zignego A.L., Viganò, Mauro, Andreoni, Massimo, Perno, Carlo Federico, Craxì, Antonio, Aghemo, Alessio, Alberti, Alfredo, Andreone, Pietro, Babudieri, Sergio, Bonora, Stefano, Brunetto, Maurizia Rossana, Bruno, Raffaele, Bruno, Savino, Calvaruso, Vincenza, Caporaso, Nicola, Cartabellotta, Fabio, Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca, Cento, Valeria, Ciancio, Alessia, Colombatto, Piero, Coppola, Nicola, Di Marco, Vito, Di Perri, Giovanni, Fagiuoli, Stefano, Gaeta, Giovanni Battista, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Lampertico, Pietro, Pellicelli, Adriano, Prestileo, Tullio, Puoti, Massimo, Raimondo, Giovanni, Rizzardini, Giuliano, Taliani, Gloria, Zignego, Anna Linda, Vigano, M., Andreoni, M., Perno, C. F., Craxi, A., Aghemo, A., Alberti, A., Andreone, P., Babudieri, S., Bonora, S., Brunetto, M. R., Bruno, R., Bruno, S., Calvaruso, V., Caporaso, N., Cartabellotta, F., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Cento, V., Ciancio, A., Colombatto, P., Coppola, N., Di Marco, V., Di Perri, G., Fagiuoli, S., Gaeta, G. B., Gasbarrini, A., Lampertico, P., Pellicelli, A., Prestileo, T., Puoti, M., Raimondo, G., Rizzardini, G., Taliani, G., Zignego, A. L., Vigano, M, Andreoni, M, Perno, C, Craxi, A, Aghemo, A, Alberti, A, Andreone, P, Babudieri, S, Bonora, S, Brunetto, M, Bruno, R, Bruno, S, Calvaruso, V, Caporaso, N, Cartabellotta, F, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Cento, V, Ciancio, A, Colombatto, P, Coppola, N, Di Marco, V, Di Perri, G, Fagiuoli, S, Gaeta, G, Gasbarrini, A, Lampertico, P, Pellicelli, A, Prestileo, T, Puoti, M, Raimondo, G, Rizzardini, G, Taliani, G, and Zignego, A
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0301 basic medicine ,hepatitis C virus ,Sofosbuvir ,Sustained Virologic Response ,Antiviral therapy ,chronic liver disease ,DAAs ,HCV ,Microbiology ,Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,Virology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Chronic liver disease ,Health Services Accessibility ,0302 clinical medicine ,direct acting antivirals ,hepatitis C viru ,Mass Screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Chronic ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Hepatitis C ,Hepatitis B ,Pibrentasvir ,Antiviral Agents ,Disease Progression ,Hepatitis C, Chronic ,Humans ,Italy ,medicine.drug ,Human ,Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive ,Hepatitis C virus ,030106 microbiology ,Infectious Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Mass screening ,DAA ,Hepatitis B virus ,Antiviral Agent ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease, with approximately 71 million chronically infected individuals worldwide. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C has considerably improved in the last few years thanks to the introduction of direct-acting antivirals able to achieve sustained virological response in more than 95% of patients. Successful anti-HCV treatment can halt liver disease progression and solve the HCV-related extra-hepatic manifestations, eventually reducing liver-related and overall mortality. Areas covered: With the aim to respond to unmet needs in patient’s identification, universal access to antiviral therapy and treatment optimization in specific setting of HCV-infected patients, a group of Italian experts met in Stresa in May 2018. The summary of the considerations arising from this meeting and the final statements are reported in this paper. Expert commentary: All the advances on HCV cure may have a real clinical impact not only in individual patients but also at the social health level if they are applied to all infected patients, independently from the stage of liver disease. Further improvements are needed in order to attain HCV elimination, such as the development of an enhanced screening program working in parallel to the present treatment options.
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- 2018
48. Total lipid prediction in single intact cocoa beans by hyperspectral chemical imaging
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Nicola Caporaso, M.B. Whitworth, and Ian D. Fisk
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Quality Control ,Chemical imaging ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Food industry ,Fat content ,Mean squared prediction error ,Total lipid quantification ,Cocoa quality assessment ,Raw material ,Fat quantification ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Theobroma cacao ,Food science ,Total fat ,Least-Squares Analysis ,Mathematics ,Cacao ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Cocoa nibs ,Cocoa butter ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Lipids ,040401 food science ,0104 chemical sciences ,Seeds ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Highlights • Quantitative calibrations were built from shelled and in-shell single cocoa beans by HSI. • The fat content of commercial batches of cocoa beans varies by up to 15% within batches. • HSI prediction of the total lipid content was successful for shelled and unshelled beans. • Segregation using HSI fat calibration enhanced cocoa bean fat content by 6%., This work aimed to explore the possibility of predicting total fat content in whole dried cocoa beans at a single bean level using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). 170 beans randomly selected from 17 batches were individually analysed by HSI and by reference methodology for fat quantification. Both whole (i.e. in-shell) beans and shelled seeds (cotyledons) were analysed. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression models showed good performance for single shelled beans (R2 = 0.84, external prediction error of 2.4%). For both in-shell beans a slightly lower prediction error of 4.0% and R2 = 0.52 was achieved, but fat content estimation is still of interest given its wide range. Beans were manually segregated, demonstrating an increase by up to 6% in the fat content of sub-fractions. HSI was shown to be a valuable technique for rapid, non-contact prediction of fat content in cocoa beans even from scans of unshelled beans, enabling significant practical benefits to the food industry for quality control purposes and for obtaining a more consistent raw material.
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- 2021
49. The Combination of Berberine, Tocotrienols and Coffee Extracts Improves Metabolic Profile and Liver Steatosis by the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Hepatic miR-122 and miR-34a Expression in Mice
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G. Mazzone, Claudia Miele, Iolanda Veneruso, Nicola Caporaso, Paola Mirra, Valentina Cossiga, Filomena Morisco, Vincenzo Lembo, Valeria D'Argenio, Alessia Leone, Francesco Beguinot, Cecilia Nigro, Maria Guido, Cossiga, V., Lembo, V., Nigro, C., Mirra, P., Miele, C., D'Argenio, V., Leone, A., Mazzone, G., Veneruso, I., Guido, M., Beguinot, F., Caporaso, N., and Morisco, F.
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Berberis ,Berberine ,gut microbiome ,Coffea ,Arecaceae ,Gut flora ,Mice ,Liver disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,MiR-122 ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Tocotrienols ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,miR-122 ,Liver ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,miR-34a ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Berberis aristata ,Diet, High-Fat ,Article ,metabolic syndrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insulin resistance ,NAFLD ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,MiR‐122 ,Animals ,Humans ,Plant Extracts ,Gut microbiome ,Metabolic syndrome ,MiR‐34a ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Disease Models, Animal ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,chemistry ,Dysbiosis ,Insulin Resistance ,Steatosis ,Food Science - Abstract
Non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is spreading worldwide. Specific drugs for NAFLD are not yet available, even if some plant extracts show beneficial properties. We evaluated the effects of a combination, composed by Berberis Aristata, Elaeis Guineensis and Coffea Canephora, on the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, insulin-resistance and on the modulation of hepatic microRNAs (miRNA) levels and microbiota composition in a mouse model of liver damage. C57BL/6 mice were fed with standard diet (SD, n = 8), high fat diet (HFD, n = 8) or HFD plus plant extracts (HFD+E, n = 8) for 24 weeks. Liver expression of miR-122 and miR-34a was evaluated by quantitativePCR. Microbiome analysis was performed on cecal content by 16S rRNA sequencing. HFD+E-mice showed lower body weight (p <, 0.01), amelioration of insulin-sensitivity (p = 0.021), total cholesterol (p = 0.014), low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (p <, 0.001), alanine-aminotransferase (p = 0.038) and hepatic steatosis compared to HFD-mice. While a decrease of hepatic miR-122 and increase of miR-34a were observed in HFD-mice compared to SD-mice, both these miRNAs had similar levels to SD-mice in HFD+E-mice. Moreover, a different microbial composition was found between SD- and HFD-mice, with a partial rescue of dysbiosis in HFD+E-mice. This combination of plant extracts had a beneficial effect on HFD-induced NAFLD by the modulation of miR-122, miR-34a and gut microbiome.
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- 2021
50. Use of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater as valuable ingredients for functional foods
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Nicola Caporaso, Diego Formisano, Alessandro Genovese, Caporaso, Nicola, Formisano, Diego, and Genovese, Alessandro
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food industry by-product ,antioxidant activity ,Industrial Waste ,Wastewater ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Olive biophenol ,Ingredient ,“green” chemistry ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Phenols ,Milk products ,Lipid oxidation ,Functional Food ,Olea ,Food Industry ,Food science ,Pollutant ,Chemistry ,natural phenolic extracts ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040401 food science ,Food products ,Food Science ,Olive oil - Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a pollutant by-product from the virgin olive oil production. Its high content in phenolic compounds makes them play an important role for their use in foods, for their high antioxidant significance. The present paper gives an overview on the techniques for OMW valuable ingredient separation, focusing on the most effective ones for their use in food products as functional ingredients. We report on effective methods to recover OMW phenolics, and give several examples on the use these extracts in foods. When added into vegetable oils, their effect on retarding lipid oxidation improves the oxidative status of the product, whilst several challenges need to be faced. OMW phenolic extracts were also used in food emulsions, milk products or other model systems, showing promising results and little or no negative impact on the sensory characteristics or other properties. Their possible use as antimicrobial agents is also another promising approach, as positive results were obtained when applied in meat products. Other examples of using natural phenolic extracts from other sources are suggested also for OMW extracts, to expand their use and thus to improve the nutritional and technological quality of foods.
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- 2017
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