Author: "Nicol Ferrier" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Non-literal understanding and psychosis: Metaphor comprehension in individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia

Author: Felicity Deamer, Ellen Palmer, Quoc C. Vuong, Nicol Ferrier, Andreas Finkelmeyer, Wolfram Hinzen, and Stuart Watson
Subjects: Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Previous studies suggest that understanding of non-literal expressions, and in particular metaphors, can be impaired in people with schizophrenia; although it is not clear why. We explored metaphor comprehension capacity using a novel picture selection paradigm; we compared task performance between people with schizophrenia and healthy comparator subjects and we further examined the relationships between the ability to interpret figurative expressions non-literally and performance on a number of other cognitive tasks. Eye-tracking was used to examine task strategy. We showed that even when IQ, years of education, and capacities for theory of mind and associative learning are factored in as covariates, patients are significantly more likely to interpret metaphorical expressions literally, despite eye-tracking findings suggesting that patients are following the same interpretation strategy as healthy controls. Inhibitory control deficits are likely to be one of multiple factors contributing to the poorer performance of our schizophrenia group on the metaphor trials of the picture selection task. Keywords: Metaphor, Schizophrenia, Non-literal language, Psychosis
Published: 2019
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2. Associations between childhood maltreatment and inflammatory markers

Author: Alish B. Palmos, Stuart Watson, Tom Hughes, Andreas Finkelmeyer, R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Nicol Ferrier, Ian M. Anderson, Rajesh Nair, Allan H. Young, Rebecca Strawbridge, Anthony J. Cleare, Raymond Chung, Souci Frissa, Laura Goodwin, Matthew Hotopf, Stephani L. Hatch, Hong Wang, David A. Collier, Sandrine Thuret, Gerome Breen, and Timothy R. Powell
Subjects: Depressive disorders, inflammation, maltreatment, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is one of the strongest predictors of adulthood depression and alterations to circulating levels of inflammatory markers is one putative mechanism mediating risk or resilience.AimsTo determine the effects of childhood maltreatment on circulating levels of 41 inflammatory markers in healthy individuals and those with a major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis.MethodWe investigated the association of childhood maltreatment with levels of 41 inflammatory markers in two groups, 164 patients with MDD and 301 controls, using multiplex electrochemiluminescence methods applied to blood serum.ResultsChildhood maltreatment was not associated with altered inflammatory markers in either group after multiple testing correction. Body mass index (BMI) exerted strong effects on interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in those with MDD.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatment did not exert effects on inflammatory marker levels in either the participants with MDD or the control group in our study. Our results instead highlight the more pertinent influence of BMI.Declaration of interestD.A.C. and H.W. work for Eli Lilly Inc. R.N. has received speaker fees from Sunovion, Jansen and Lundbeck. G.B. has received consultancy fees and funding from Eli Lilly. R.H.M.-W. has received consultancy fees or has a financial relationship with AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cyberonics, Eli Lilly, Ferrer, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, MyTomorrows, Otsuka, Pfizer, Pulse, Roche, Servier, SPIMACO and Sunovian. I.M.A. has received consultancy fees or has a financial relationship with Alkermes, Lundbeck, Lundbeck/Otsuka, and Servier. S.W. has sat on an advisory board for Sunovion, Allergan and has received speaker fees from Astra Zeneca. A.H.Y. has received honoraria for speaking from Astra Zeneca, Lundbeck, Eli Lilly, Sunovion; honoraria for consulting from Allergan, Livanova and Lundbeck, Sunovion, Janssen; and research grant support from Janssen. A.J.C. has received honoraria for speaking from Astra Zeneca, honoraria for consulting with Allergan, Livanova and Lundbeck and research grant support from Lundbeck.
Published: 2019
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3. Disturbing the rhythm of thought: Speech pausing patterns in schizophrenia, with and without formal thought disorder.

Author: Derya Çokal, Vitor Zimmerer, Douglas Turkington, Nicol Ferrier, Rosemary Varley, Stuart Watson, and Wolfram Hinzen
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Everyday speech is produced with an intricate timing pattern and rhythm. Speech units follow each other with short interleaving pauses, which can be either bridged by fillers (erm, ah) or empty. Through their syntactic positions, pauses connect to the thoughts expressed. We investigated whether disturbances of thought in schizophrenia are manifest in patterns at this level of linguistic organization, whether these are seen in first degree relatives (FDR) and how specific they are to formal thought disorder (FTD). Spontaneous speech from 15 participants without FTD (SZ-FTD), 15 with FTD (SZ+FTD), 15 FDRs and 15 neurotypical controls (NC) was obtained from a comic strip retelling task and rated for pauses subclassified by syntactic position and duration. SZ-FTD produced significantly more unfilled pauses than NC in utterance-initial positions and before embedded clauses. Unfilled pauses occurring within clausal units did not distinguish any groups. SZ-FTD also differed from SZ+FTD in producing significantly more pauses before embedded clauses. SZ+FTD differed from NC and FDR only in producing longer utterance-initial pauses. FDRs produced significantly fewer fillers than NC. Results reveal that the temporal organization of speech is an important window on disturbances of the thought process and how these relate to language.
Published: 2019
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4. Facial emotion labeling in unaffected offspring of adults with bipolar I disorder

Author: Sharma, Aditya Narain, Barron, Evelyn, Le Couteur, James, Close, Andrew, Rushton, Steven, Grunze, Heinz, Kelly, Thomas, Nicol Ferrier, Ian, and Le Couteur, Ann Simone
Published: 2017
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5. Recent advances in electroconvulsive therapy and physical treatments for depression

Author: Jonathan Waite, I. Nicol Ferrier, and Vimal Sivasanker
Subjects: Clinical governance, Psychotherapist, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, 030227 psychiatry, Clinical Practice, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Mode of delivery, Electroconvulsive therapy, Treatment modality, Research studies, Medicine, Medical prescription, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract: SUMMARYThis article gives an update for practitioners on recent developments in the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and related treatment modalities in the contemporary treatment of depression in the UK. Details are provided on new information on the efficacy and side-effects of ECT both in research studies and in the real world, together with recent research on ECT's mode of delivery. There is a focus on the safe administration of ECT in clinical practice. An update on the regulatory framework for ECT in the UK is provided, together with up-to-date information on the legal situation regarding its prescription. Finally, brief summaries of the current position for other neuromodulatory treatment modalities are given.
Published: 2021

6. Periventricular white matter integrity and cortisol levels in healthy controls and in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: An exploratory analysis

Author: Macritchie, Karine A.N., Gallagher, Peter, Lloyd, Adrian J., Bastin, Mark E., Vasudev, Kamini, Marshall, Ian, Wardlaw, Joanna M., Nicol Ferrier, I., Brian Moore, P., and Young, Allan H.
Published: 2013
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7. A Delphi-method-based consensus guideline for definition of treatment-resistant depression for clinical trials

Author: Luca Sforzini, Courtney Worrell, Melisa Kose, Ian M. Anderson, Bruno Aouizerate, Volker Arolt, Michael Bauer, Bernhard T. Baune, Pierre Blier, Anthony J. Cleare, Philip J. Cowen, Timothy G. Dinan, Andrea Fagiolini, I. Nicol Ferrier, Ulrich Hegerl, Andrew D. Krystal, Marion Leboyer, R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Roger S. McIntyre, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Andrew H. Miller, Charles B. Nemeroff, Claus Normann, David Nutt, Stefano Pallanti, Luca Pani, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Alan F. Schatzberg, Richard C. Shelton, Lakshmi N. Yatham, Allan H. Young, Roland Zahn, Georgios Aislaitner, Florence Butlen-Ducuing, Christine Fletcher, Marion Haberkamp, Thomas Laughren, Fanni-Laura Mäntylä, Koen Schruers, Andrew Thomson, Gara Arteaga-Henríquez, Francesco Benedetti, Lucinda Cash-Gibson, Woo Ri Chae, Heidi De Smedt, Stefan M. Gold, Witte J. G. Hoogendijk, Valeria Jordán Mondragón, Eduard Maron, Jadwiga Martynowicz, Elisa Melloni, Christian Otte, Gabriela Perez-Fuentes, Sara Poletti, Mark E. Schmidt, Edwin van de Ketterij, Katherine Woo, Yanina Flossbach, J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Adam J. Savitz, Carmine M. Pariante, Sforzini, L., Worrell, C., Kose, M., Anderson, I. M., Aouizerate, B., Arolt, V., Bauer, M., Baune, B. T., Blier, P., Cleare, A. J., Cowen, P. J., Dinan, T. G., Fagiolini, A., Ferrier, I. N., Hegerl, U., Krystal, A. D., Leboyer, M., McAllister-Williams, R. H., Mcintyre, R. S., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Miller, A. H., Nemeroff, C. B., Normann, C., Nutt, D., Pallanti, S., Pani, L., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Schatzberg, A. F., Shelton, R. C., Yatham, L. N., Young, A. H., Zahn, R., Aislaitner, G., Butlen-Ducuing, F., Fletcher, C., Haberkamp, M., Laughren, T., Mantyla, F. -L., Schruers, K., Thomson, A., Arteaga-Henriquez, G., Benedetti, F., Cash-Gibson, L., Chae, W. R., De Smedt, H., Gold, S. M., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Mondragon, V. J., Maron, E., Martynowicz, J., Melloni, E., Otte, C., Perez-Fuentes, G., Poletti, S., Schmidt, M. E., van de Ketterij, E., Woo, K., Flossbach, Y., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Savitz, A. J., Pariante, C. M., Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, IMRB - 'Neuropsychiatrie translationnelle' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and European Project: (grant No 116060),IMPRiND
Subjects: Depression, Diagnostic markers, DISORDER, STIMULATION, STAR-ASTERISK-D, SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, Major Depressive Disorder, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Medical and Health Sciences, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, REPORT QIDS-SR, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Clinical Research, Humans, RATING-SCALE, Molecular Biology, METAANALYSIS, Psychiatry, Depressive Disorder, Major, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Major, REMISSION, Biological Sciences, Serious Mental Illness, Brain Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, QUICK INVENTORY, Mental Health, Good Health and Well Being, SYMPTOMATOLOGY, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]
Abstract: Criteria for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and partially responsive depression (PRD) as subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) are not unequivocally defined. In the present document we used a Delphi-method-based consensus approach to define TRD and PRD and to serve as operational criteria for future clinical studies, especially if conducted for regulatory purposes. We reviewed the literature and brought together a group of international experts (including clinicians, academics, researchers, employees of pharmaceutical companies, regulatory bodies representatives, and one person with lived experience) to evaluate the state-of-the-art and main controversies regarding the current classification. We then provided recommendations on how to design clinical trials, and on how to guide research in unmet needs and knowledge gaps. This report will feed into one of the main objectives of the EUropean Patient-cEntric clinicAl tRial pLatforms, Innovative Medicines Initiative (EU-PEARL, IMI) MDD project, to design a protocol for platform trials of new medications for TRD/PRD.
Published: 2022

8. Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Author: Niamh Mullins, JooEun Kang, Adrian I. Campos, Jonathan R.I. Coleman, Alexis C. Edwards, Hanga Galfalvy, Daniel F. Levey, Adriana Lori, Andrey Shabalin, Anna Starnawska, Mei-Hsin Su, Hunna J. Watson, Mark Adams, Swapnil Awasthi, Michael Gandal, Jonathan D. Hafferty, Akitoyo Hishimoto, Minsoo Kim, Satoshi Okazaki, Ikuo Otsuka, Stephan Ripke, Erin B. Ware, Andrew W. Bergen, Wade H. Berrettini, Martin Bohus, Harry Brandt, Xiao Chang, Wei J. Chen, Hsi-Chung Chen, Steven Crawford, Scott Crow, Emily DiBlasi, Philibert Duriez, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Manfred M. Fichter, Steven Gallinger, Stephen J. Glatt, Philip Gorwood, Yiran Guo, Hakon Hakonarson, Katherine A. Halmi, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Sonia Jain, Stéphane Jamain, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Craig Johnson, Allan S. Kaplan, Walter H. Kaye, Pamela K. Keel, James L. Kennedy, Kelly L. Klump, Dong Li, Shih-Cheng Liao, Klaus Lieb, Lisa Lilenfeld, Chih-Min Liu, Pierre J. Magistretti, Christian R. Marshall, James E. Mitchell, Eric T. Monson, Richard M. Myers, Dalila Pinto, Abigail Powers, Nicolas Ramoz, Stefan Roepke, Vsevolod Rozanov, Stephen W. Scherer, Christian Schmahl, Marcus Sokolowski, Michael Strober, Laura M. Thornton, Janet Treasure, Ming T. Tsuang, Stephanie H. Witt, D. Blake Woodside, Zeynep Yilmaz, Lea Zillich, Rolf Adolfsson, Ingrid Agartz, Tracy M. Air, Martin Alda, Lars Alfredsson, Ole A. Andreassen, Adebayo Anjorin, Vivek Appadurai, María Soler Artigas, Sandra Van der Auwera, M. Helena Azevedo, Nicholas Bass, Claiton H.D. Bau, Bernhard T. Baune, Frank Bellivier, Klaus Berger, Joanna M. Biernacka, Tim B. Bigdeli, Elisabeth B. Binder, Michael Boehnke, Marco P. Boks, Rosa Bosch, David L. Braff, Richard Bryant, Monika Budde, Enda M. Byrne, Wiepke Cahn, Miguel Casas, Enrique Castelao, Jorge A. Cervilla, Boris Chaumette, Sven Cichon, Aiden Corvin, Nicholas Craddock, David Craig, Franziska Degenhardt, Srdjan Djurovic, Howard J. Edenberg, Ayman H. Fanous, Jerome C. Foo, Andreas J. Forstner, Mark Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Justine M. Gatt, Pablo V. Gejman, Ina Giegling, Hans J. Grabe, Melissa J. Green, Eugenio H. Grevet, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Blanca Gutierrez, Jose Guzman-Parra, Steven P. Hamilton, Marian L. Hamshere, Annette Hartmann, Joanna Hauser, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Per Hoffmann, Marcus Ising, Ian Jones, Lisa A. Jones, Lina Jonsson, René S. Kahn, John R. Kelsoe, Kenneth S. Kendler, Stefan Kloiber, Karestan C. Koenen, Manolis Kogevinas, Bettina Konte, Marie-Odile Krebs, Mikael Landén, Jacob Lawrence, Marion Leboyer, Phil H. Lee, Douglas F. Levinson, Calwing Liao, Jolanta Lissowska, Susanne Lucae, Fermin Mayoral, Susan L. McElroy, Patrick McGrath, Peter McGuffin, Andrew McQuillin, Sarah E. Medland, Divya Mehta, Ingrid Melle, Yuri Milaneschi, Philip B. Mitchell, Esther Molina, Gunnar Morken, Preben Bo Mortensen, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Caroline Nievergelt, Vishwajit Nimgaonkar, Markus M. Nöthen, Michael C. O’Donovan, Roel A. Ophoff, Michael J. Owen, Carlos Pato, Michele T. Pato, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Jonathan Pimm, Giorgio Pistis, James B. Potash, Robert A. Power, Martin Preisig, Digby Quested, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Andreas Reif, Marta Ribasés, Vanesa Richarte, Marcella Rietschel, Margarita Rivera, Andrea Roberts, Gloria Roberts, Guy A. Rouleau, Diego L. Rovaris, Dan Rujescu, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Alan R. Sanders, Peter R. Schofield, Thomas G. Schulze, Laura J. Scott, Alessandro Serretti, Jianxin Shi, Stanley I. Shyn, Lea Sirignano, Pamela Sklar, Olav B. Smeland, Jordan W. Smoller, Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke, Gianfranco Spalletta, John S. Strauss, Beata Świątkowska, Maciej Trzaskowski, Gustavo Turecki, Laura Vilar-Ribó, John B. Vincent, Henry Völzke, James T.R. Walters, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Thomas W. Weickert, Myrna M. Weissman, Leanne M. Williams, Naomi R. Wray, Clement C. Zai, Allison E. Ashley-Koch, Jean C. Beckham, Elizabeth R. Hauser, Michael A. Hauser, Nathan A. Kimbrel, Jennifer H. Lindquist, Benjamin McMahon, David W. Oslin, Xuejun Qin, Esben Agerbo, Anders D. Børglum, Gerome Breen, Annette Erlangsen, Tõnu Esko, Joel Gelernter, David M. Hougaard, Ronald C. Kessler, Henry R. Kranzler, Qingqin S. Li, Nicholas G. Martin, Andrew M. McIntosh, Ole Mors, Merete Nordentoft, Catherine M. Olsen, David Porteous, Robert J. Ursano, Danuta Wasserman, Thomas Werge, David C. Whiteman, Cynthia M. Bulik, Hilary Coon, Ditte Demontis, Anna R. Docherty, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Cathryn M. Lewis, J. John Mann, Miguel E. Rentería, Daniel J. Smith, Eli A. Stahl, Murray B. Stein, Fabian Streit, Virginia Willour, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Manuel Mattheisen, Abdel Abdellaoui, Mark J. Adams, Till F.M. Andlauer, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Julien Bryois, Henriette N. Buttenschøn, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Na Cai, Jane Hvarregaard Christensen, Toni-Kim Clarke, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Nick Craddock, Gregory E. Crawford, Gail Davies, Eske M. Derks, Nese Direk, Conor V. Dolan, Erin C. Dunn, Thalia C. Eley, Valentina Escott-Price, Farnush Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh, Hilary K. Finucane, Josef Frank, Héléna A. Gaspar, Michael Gill, Fernando S. Goes, Scott D. Gordon, Shantel Marie Weinsheimer, Jürgen Wellmann, Gonneke Willemsen, Yang Wu, Hualin S. Xi, Jian Yang, Futao Zhang, Volker Arolt, Dorret I. Boomsma, Udo Dannlowski, E.J.C. de Geus, J. Raymond Depaulo, Enrico Domenici, Katharina Domschke, Jakob Grove, Lynsey S. Hall, Christine Søholm Hansen, Thomas F. Hansen, Stefan Herms, Ian B. Hickie, Georg Homuth, Carsten Horn, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, David M. Howard, Rick Jansen, Eric Jorgenson, James A. Knowles, Isaac S. Kohane, Julia Kraft, Warren W. Kretzschmar, Zoltán Kutalik, Yihan Li, Penelope A. Lind, Donald J. MacIntyre, Dean F. MacKinnon, Robert M. Maier, Wolfgang Maier, Jonathan Marchini, Hamdi Mbarek, Christel M. Middeldorp, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Francis M. Mondimore, Grant W. Montgomery, Sara Mostafavi, Matthias Nauck, Bernard Ng, Michel G. Nivard, Dale R. Nyholt, Paul F. O’Reilly, Hogni Oskarsson, Caroline Hayward, Andrew C. Heath, Glyn Lewis, Pamela A.F. Madden, Patrik K. Magnusson, Andres Metspalu, Sara A. Paciga, Nancy L. Pedersen, Jodie N. Painter, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Roseann E. Peterson, Wouter J. Peyrot, Danielle Posthuma, Jorge A. Quiroz, Per Qvist, John P. Rice, Brien P. Riley, Saira Saeed Mirza, Robert Schoevers, Eva C. Schulte, Ling Shen, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Grant C.B. Sinnamon, Johannes H. Smit, Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Jana Strohmaier, Katherine E. Tansey, Henning Teismann, Alexander Teumer, Wesley Thompson, Pippa A. Thomson, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Matthew Traylor, Jens Treutlein, Vassily Trubetskoy, André G. Uitterlinden, Daniel Umbricht, Albert M. van Hemert, Alexander Viktorin, Peter M. Visscher, Yunpeng Wang, Bradley T. Webb, Roy H. Perlis, David J. Porteous, Catherine Schaefer, Kari Stefansson, Henning Tiemeier, Rudolf Uher, Patrick F. Sullivan, Kevin S. O’Connell, Brandon Coombes, Zhen Qiao, Thomas D. Als, Sigrid Børte, Alexander W. Charney, Ole Kristian Drange, Michael J. Gandal, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Masashi Ikeda, Nolan Kamitaki, Kristi Krebs, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Brian M. Schilder, Laura G. Sloofman, Bendik S. Winsvold, Hong-Hee Won, Liliya Abramova, Kristina Adorjan, Mariam Al Eissa, Diego Albani, Ney Alliey-Rodriguez, Verneri Antilla, Anastasia Antoniou, Ji Hyun Baek, Michael Bauer, Eva C. Beins, Sarah E. Bergen, Armin Birner, Erlend Bøen, Murielle Brum, Ben M. Brumpton, Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan, William Byerley, Murray Cairns, Miquel Casas, Pablo Cervantes, Cristiana Cruceanu, Alfredo Cuellar-Barboza, Julie Cunningham, David Curtis, Piotr M. Czerski, Anders M. Dale, Nina Dalkner, Friederike S. David, Amanda L. Dobbyn, Athanassios Douzenis, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, I. Nicol Ferrier, Alessia Fiorentino, Tatiana M. Foroud, Liz Forty, Oleksandr Frei, Nelson B. Freimer, Louise Frisén, Katrin Gade, Julie Garnham, Ian R. Gizer, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Tiffany A. Greenwood, José Guzman-Parra, Kyooseob Ha, Magnus Haraldsson, Martin Hautzinger, Urs Heilbronner, Dennis Hellgren, Peter A. Holmans, Laura Huckins, Jessica S. Johnson, Janos L. Kalman, Yoichiro Kamatani, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Maria Koromina, Thorsten M. Kranz, Michiaki Kubo, Ralph Kupka, Steven A. Kushner, Catharina Lavebratt, Markus Leber, Heon-Jeong Lee, Shawn E. Levy, Catrin Lewis, Martin Lundberg, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Adam Maihofer, Dolores Malaspina, Eirini Maratou, Lina Martinsson, Nathaniel W. McGregor, James D. McKay, Helena Medeiros, Vincent Millischer, Jennifer L. Moran, Derek W. Morris, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Niamh O’Brien, Claire O’Donovan, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Lilijana Oruc, Sergi Papiol, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Amy Perry, Andrea Pfennig, Evgenia Porichi, Towfique Raj, Mark H. Rapaport, J. Raymond DePaulo, Eline J. Regeer, Fabio Rivas, Julian Roth, Panos Roussos, Fanny Senner, Sally Sharp, Paul D. Shilling, Claire Slaney, Janet L. Sobell, Maria Soler Artigas, Anne T. Spijker, Dan J. Stein, Chikashi Terao, Claudio Toma, Paul Tooney, Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini, Marquis P. Vawter, Helmut Vedder, Simon Xi, Wei Xu, Jessica Mei Kay Yang, Allan H. Young, Hannah Young, Peter P. Zandi, Hang Zhou, null HUNT All-In Psychiatry, Gulja Babadjanova, Lena Backlund, Susanne Bengesser, Douglas H.R. Blackwood, Vaughan J. Carr, Stanley Catts, Dimitris Dikeos, Bruno Etain, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Micha Gawlik, Elliot S. Gershon, Frans Henskens, Jan Hillert, Kyung Sue Hong, Christina M. Hultman, Kristian Hveem, Nakao Iwata, Assen V. Jablensky, George Kirov, Christine Lochner, Carmel Loughland, Carol A. Mathews, Francis J. McMahon, Patricia Michie, Bryan Mowry, Benjamin M. Neale, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Ketil J. Oedegaard, Tomas Olsson, Chris Pantelis, George P. Patrinos, Eva Z. Reininghaus, Takeo Saito, Ulrich Schall, Martin Schalling, Rodney J. Scott, Eystein Stordal, Arne E. Vaaler, Eduard Vieta, Irwin D. Waldman, John-Anker Zwart, John I. Nurnberger, Arianna Di Florio, Roger A.H. Adan, Tetsuya Ando, Harald Aschauer, Jessica H. Baker, Vladimir Bencko, Andreas Birgegård, Joseph M. Boden, Ilka Boehm, Claudette Boni, Vesna Boraska Perica, Katharina Buehren, Roland Burghardt, Laura Carlberg, Matteo Cassina, Maurizio Clementi, Roger D. Cone, Philippe Courtet, James J. Crowley, Unna N. Danner, Oliver S.P. Davis, Martina de Zwaan, George Dedoussis, Daniela Degortes, Janiece E. DeSocio, Danielle M. Dick, Christian Dina, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Elisa Docampo Martinez, Laramie E. Duncan, Karin Egberts, Morten Mattingsdal, Sara McDevitt, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Nadia Micali, James Mitchell, Karen Mitchell, Palmiero Monteleone, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Benedetta Nacmias, Marie Navratilova, Ioanna Ntalla, Julie K. O’Toole, Leonid Padyukov, Aarno Palotie, Jacques Pantel, Hana Papezova, Richard Parker, John F. Pearson, Stefan Ehrlich, Geòrgia Escaramís, Thomas Espeseth, Xavier Estivill, Anne Farmer, Angela Favaro, Krista Fischer, James A.B. Floyd, Manuel Föcker, Lenka Foretova, Monica Forzan, Christopher S. Franklin, Giovanni Gambaro, Johanna Giuranna, Paola Giusti-Rodríquez, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Scott Gordon, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Sébastien Guillaume, Ken B. Hanscombe, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Johannes Hebebrand, Sietske G. Helder, Anjali K. Henders, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Wolfgang Herzog, Anke Hinney, L. John Horwood, Christopher Hübel, Liselotte V. Petersen, Kirstin L. Purves, Anu Raevuori, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Valdo Ricca, Samuli Ripatti, Franziska Ritschel, Marion Roberts, Filip Rybakowski, Paolo Santonastaso, André Scherag, Ulrike Schmidt, Nicholas J. Schork, Alexandra Schosser, Jochen Seitz, Lenka Slachtova, P. Eline Slagboom, Margarita C.T. Slof-Op ‘t Landt, Agnieszka Slopien, Nicole Soranzo, Sandro Sorbi, Lorraine Southam, Vidar W. Steen, Laura M. Huckins, James I. Hudson, Hartmut Imgart, Hidetoshi Inoko, Vladimir Janout, Jennifer Jordan, Antonio Julià, Gursharan Kalsi, Deborah Kaminská, Jaakko Kaprio, Leila Karhunen, Andreas Karwautz, Martien J.H. Kas, Martin A. Kennedy, Anna Keski-Rahkonen, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Youl-Ri Kim, Katherine M. Kirk, Lars Klareskog, Gun Peggy S. Knudsen, Janne T. Larsen, Stephanie Le Hellard, Virpi M. Leppä, Paul Lichtenstein, Bochao Danae Lin, Astri Lundervold, Jurjen Luykx, Mario Maj, Katrin Mannik, Sara Marsal, Garret D. Stuber, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Elena Tenconi, Alfonso Tortorella, Federica Tozzi, Artemis Tsitsika, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Annemarie A. van Elburg, Eric F. van Furth, Tracey D. Wade, Gudrun Wagner, Esther Walton, H. Erich Wichmann, Elisabeth Widen, Shuyang Yao, Eleftheria Zeggini, Stephanie Zerwas, Stephan Zipfel, Martin Jungkunz, Lydie Dietl, Cornelia E. Schwarze, Norbert Dahmen, Björn H. Schott, Arian Mobascher, Silvia Crivelli, Michelle F. Dennis, Phillip D. Harvey, Bruce W. Carter, Jennifer E. Huffman, Daniel Jacobson, Ravi Madduri, Maren K. Olsen, John Pestian, J. Michael Gaziano, Sumitra Muralidhar, Rachel Ramoni, Jean Beckham, Kyong-Mi Chang, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Philip S. Tsao, James Breeling, Grant Huang, J.P. Casas Romero, Jennifer Moser, Stacey B. Whitbourne, Jessica V. Brewer, Mihaela Aslan, Todd Connor, Dean P. Argyres, Brady Stephens, Mary T. Brophy, Donald E. Humphries, Luis E. Selva, Nhan Do, Shahpoor Shayan, Kelly Cho, Saiju Pyarajan, Elizabeth Hauser, Yan Sun, Hongyu Zhao, Peter Wilson, Rachel McArdle, Louis Dellitalia, Kristin Mattocks, John Harley, Clement J. Zablocki, Jeffrey Whittle, Frank Jacono, Salvador Gutierrez, Gretchen Gibson, Kimberly Hammer, Laurence Kaminsky, Gerardo Villareal, Scott Kinlay, Junzhe Xu, Mark Hamner, Roy Mathew, Sujata Bhushan, Pran Iruvanti, Michael Godschalk, Zuhair Ballas, Douglas Ivins, Stephen Mastorides, Jonathan Moorman, Saib Gappy, Jon Klein, Nora Ratcliffe, Hermes Florez, Olaoluwa Okusaga, Maureen Murdoch, Peruvemba Sriram, Shing Shing Yeh, Neeraj Tandon, Darshana Jhala, Samuel Aguayo, David Cohen, Satish Sharma, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Kris Ann Oursler, Mary Whooley, Sunil Ahuja, Joseph Constans, Paul Meyer, Jennifer Greco, Michael Rauchman, Richard Servatius, Melinda Gaddy, Agnes Wallbom, Timothy Morgan, Todd Stapley, Scott Sherman, George Ross, Philip Tsao, Patrick Strollo, Edward Boyko, Laurence Meyer, Samir Gupta, Mostaqul Huq, Joseph Fayad, Adriana Hung, Jack Lichy, Robin Hurley, Brooks Robey, Robert Striker, Dietl, Lydie, Schwarze, Cornelia E., Dahmen, Norbert, Schott, Björn H., Nöthen, Markus M., Ripke, Stephan, Mobascher, Arian, Rujescu, Dan, Lieb, Klaus, Roepke, Stefan, Schmahl, Christian, Bohus, Martin, Rietschel, Marcella, Crivelli, Silvia, Dennis, Michelle F., Harvey, Phillip D., Carter, Bruce W., Huffman, Jennifer E., Jacobson, Daniel, Madduri, Ravi, Olsen, Maren K., Pestian, John, Gaziano, J. Michael, Muralidhar, Sumitra, Ramoni, Rachel, Beckham, Jean, Chang, Kyong-Mi, O'Donnell, Christopher J., Tsao, Philip S., Breeling, James, Huang, Grant, Romero, J. P. Casas, Moser, Jennifer, Whitbourne, Stacey B., Brewer, Jessica V., Aslan, Mihaela, Connor, Todd, Argyres, Dean P., Stephens, Brady, Brophy, Mary T., Humphries, Donald E., Selva, Luis E., Do, Nhan, Shayan, Shahpoor, Cho, Kelly, Pyarajan, Saiju, Hauser, Elizabeth, Sun, Yan, Zhao, Hongyu, Wilson, Peter, McArdle, Rachel, Dellitalia, Louis, Mattocks, Kristin, Harley, John, Zablocki, Clement J., Whittle, Jeffrey, Jacono, Frank, Gutierrez, Salvador, Gibson, Gretchen, Hammer, Kimberly, Kaminsky, Laurence, Villareal, Gerardo, Kinlay, Scott, Xu, Junzhe, Hamner, Mark, Mathew, Roy, Bhushan, Sujata, Iruvanti, Pran, Godschalk, Michael, Ballas, Zuhair, Ivins, Douglas, Mastorides, Stephen, Moorman, Jonathan, Gappy, Saib, Klein, Jon, Ratcliffe, Nora, Florez, Hermes, Okusaga, Olaoluwa, Murdoch, Maureen, Sriram, Peruvemba, Yeh, Shing Shing, Tandon, Neeraj, Jhala, Darshana, Aguayo, Samuel, Cohen, David, Sharma, Satish, Liangpunsakul, Suthat, Oursler, Kris Ann, Whooley, Mary, Ahuja, Sunil, Constans, Joseph, Meyer, Paul, Greco, Jennifer, Rauchman, Michael, Servatius, Richard, Gaddy, Melinda, Wallbom, Agnes, Morgan, Timothy, Stapley, Todd, Sherman, Scott, Ross, George, Tsao, Philip, Strollo, Patrick, Boyko, Edward, Meyer, Laurence, Gupta, Samir, Huq, Mostaqul, Fayad, Joseph, Hung, Adriana, Lichy, Jack, Hurley, Robin, Robey, Brooks, Striker, Robert, Wray, Naomi R., Mattheisen, Manuel, Trzaskowski, Maciej, Byrne, Enda M., Abdellaoui, Abdel, Adams, Mark J., Agerbo, Esben, Air, Tracy M., Andlauer, Till F. M., Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Beekman, Aartjan T. F., Bigdeli, Tim B., Binder, Elisabeth B., Bryois, Julien, Buttenschøn, Henriette N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Cai, Na, Castelao, Enrique, Christensen, Jane Hvarregaard, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Coleman, Jonathan R. I., Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Craddock, Nick, Crawford, Gregory E., Davies, Gail, Degenhardt, Franziska, Derks, Eske M., Direk, Nese, Dolan, Conor V., Dunn, Erin C., Eley, Thalia C., Escott-Price, Valentina, Hassan Kiadeh, Farnush Farhadi, Finucane, Hilary K., Foo, Jerome C., Forstner, Andreas J., Frank, Josef, Gaspar, Héléna A., Gill, Michael, Goes, Fernando S., Gordon, Scott D., Weinsheimer, Shantel Marie, Wellmann, Jürgen, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witt, Stephanie H., Wu, Yang, Xi, Hualin S., Yang, Jian, Zhang, Futao, Arolt, Volker, Baune, Bernhard T., Berger, Klaus, Boomsma, Dorret I., Cichon, Sven, Dannlowski, Udo, de Geus, E. J. C., DePaulo, J. Raymond, Domenici, Enrico, Domschke, Katharina, Esko, Tõnu, Grabe, Hans J., Hamilton, Steven P., Grove, Jakob, Hall, Lynsey S., Hansen, Christine Søholm, Hansen, Thomas F., Herms, Stefan, Hickie, Ian B., Hoffmann, Per, Homuth, Georg, Horn, Carsten, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hougaard, David M., Howard, David M., Ising, Marcus, Jansen, Rick, Jones, Ian, Jones, Lisa A., Jorgenson, Eric, Knowles, James A., Kohane, Isaac S., Kraft, Julia, Kretzschmar, Warren W., Kutalik, Zoltán, Li, Yihan, Lind, Penelope A., MacIntyre, Donald J., MacKinnon, Dean F., Maier, Robert M., Maier, Wolfgang, Marchini, Jonathan, Mbarek, Hamdi, McGrath, Patrick, McGuffin, Peter, Medland, Sarah E., Mehta, Divya, Middeldorp, Christel M., Mihailov, Evelin, Milaneschi, Yuri, Milani, Lili, Mondimore, Francis M., Montgomery, Grant W., Mostafavi, Sara, Mullins, Niamh, Nauck, Matthias, Ng, Bernard, Nivard, Michel G., Nyholt, Dale R., O'Reilly, Paul F., Oskarsson, Hogni, Hayward, Caroline, Heath, Andrew C., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kloiber, Stefan, Lewis, Glyn, Li, Qingqin S., Lucae, Susanne, Madden, Pamela A. F., Magnusson, Patrik K., Martin, Nicholas G., McIntosh, Andrew M., Metspalu, Andres, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nordentoft, Merete, O'Donovan, Michael C., Paciga, Sara A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Owen, Michael J., Painter, Jodie N., Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Peterson, Roseann E., Peyrot, Wouter J., Pistis, Giorgio, Posthuma, Danielle, Quiroz, Jorge A., Qvist, Per, Rice, John P., Riley, Brien P., Rivera, Margarita, Mirza, Saira Saeed, Schoevers, Robert, Schulte, Eva C., Shen, Ling, Shi, Jianxin, Shyn, Stanley I., Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Sinnamon, Grant C. B., Smit, Johannes H., Smith, Daniel J., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Tansey, Katherine E., Teismann, Henning, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Wesley, Thomson, Pippa A., Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Traylor, Matthew, Treutlein, Jens, Trubetskoy, Vassily, Uitterlinden, André G., Umbricht, Daniel, Van der Auwera, Sandra, van Hemert, Albert M., Viktorin, Alexander, Visscher, Peter M., Wang, Yunpeng, Webb, Bradley T., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Perlis, Roy H., Porteous, David J., Potash, James B., Preisig, Martin, Schaefer, Catherine, Schulze, Thomas G., Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Kari, Tiemeier, Henning, Uher, Rudolf, Völzke, Henry, Weissman, Myrna M., Werge, Thomas, Lewis, Cathryn M., Levinson, Douglas F., Breen, Gerome, Børglum, Anders D., Sullivan, Patrick F., O'Connell, Kevin S., Coombes, Brandon, Qiao, Zhen, Als, Thomas D., Børte, Sigrid, Charney, Alexander W., Drange, Ole Kristian, Gandal, Michael J., Hagenaars, Saskia P., Ikeda, Masashi, Kamitaki, Nolan, Kim, Minsoo, Krebs, Kristi, Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia, Schilder, Brian M., Sloofman, Laura G., Winsvold, Bendik S., Won, Hong-Hee, Abramova, Liliya, Adorjan, Kristina, Al Eissa, Mariam, Albani, Diego, Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney, Anjorin, Adebayo, Antilla, Verneri, Antoniou, Anastasia, Awasthi, Swapnil, Baek, Ji Hyun, Bass, Nicholas, Bauer, Michael, Beins, Eva C., Bergen, Sarah E., Birner, Armin, Bøen, Erlend, Boks, Marco P., Bosch, Rosa, Brum, Murielle, Brumpton, Ben M., Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie, Budde, Monika, Byerley, William, Cairns, Murray, Casas, Miquel, Cervantes, Pablo, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo, Cunningham, Julie, Curtis, David, Czerski, Piotr M., Dale, Anders M., Dalkner, Nina, David, Friederike S., Djurovic, Srdjan, Dobbyn, Amanda L., Douzenis, Athanassios, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Ferrier, I. Nicol, Fiorentino, Alessia, Foroud, Tatiana M., Forty, Liz, Frei, Oleksandr, Freimer, Nelson B., Frisén, Louise, Gade, Katrin, Garnham, Julie, Gelernter, Joel, Gizer, Ian R., Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Greenwood, Tiffany A., Guzman-Parra, José, Ha, Kyooseob, Haraldsson, Magnus, Hautzinger, Martin, Heilbronner, Urs, Hellgren, Dennis, Holmans, Peter A., Huckins, Laura, Jamain, Stéphane, Johnson, Jessica S., Kalman, Janos L., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kennedy, James L., Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koromina, Maria, Kranz, Thorsten M., Kranzler, Henry R., Kubo, Michiaki, Kupka, Ralph, Kushner, Steven A., Lavebratt, Catharina, Lawrence, Jacob, Leber, Markus, Lee, Heon-Jeong, Lee, Phil H., Levy, Shawn E., Lewis, Catrin, Liao, Calwing, Lundberg, Martin, Magnusson, Sigurdur H., Maihofer, Adam, Malaspina, Dolores, Maratou, Eirini, Martinsson, Lina, McGregor, Nathaniel W., McKay, James D., Medeiros, Helena, Millischer, Vincent, Moran, Jennifer L., Morris, Derek W., Mühleisen, Thomas W., O'Brien, Niamh, O'Donovan, Claire, Olde Loohuis, Loes M., Oruc, Lilijana, Papiol, Sergi, Pardiñas, Antonio F., Perry, Amy, Pfennig, Andrea, Porichi, Evgenia, Quested, Digby, Raj, Towfique, Rapaport, Mark H., Regeer, Eline J., Rivas, Fabio, Roth, Julian, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Senner, Fanny, Sharp, Sally, Shilling, Paul D., Sirignano, Lea, Slaney, Claire, Smeland, Olav B., Sobell, Janet L., Artigas, Maria Soler, Spijker, Anne T., Stein, Dan J., Strauss, John S., Świątkowska, Beata, Terao, Chikashi, Toma, Claudio, Tooney, Paul, Tsermpini, Evangelia-Eirini, Vawter, Marquis P., Vedder, Helmut, Walters, James T. R., Xi, Simon, Xu, Wei, Kay Yang, Jessica Mei, Young, Allan H., Young, Hannah, Zandi, Peter P., Zhou, Hang, Zillich, Lea, Adolfsson, Rolf, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alfredsson, Lars, Babadjanova, Gulja, Backlund, Lena, Bellivier, Frank, Bengesser, Susanne, Berrettini, Wade H., Blackwood, Douglas H. R., Boehnke, Michael, Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley, Corvin, Aiden, Craddock, Nicholas, Dikeos, Dimitris, Etain, Bruno, Ferentinos, Panagiotis, Frye, Mark, Fullerton, Janice M., Gawlik, Micha, Gershon, Elliot S., Green, Melissa J., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Hauser, Joanna, Henskens, Frans, Hillert, Jan, Hong, Kyung Sue, Hultman, Christina M., Hveem, Kristian, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Kahn, René S., Kelsoe, John R., Kirov, George, Landén, Mikael, Leboyer, Marion, Lissowska, Jolanta, Lochner, Christine, Loughland, Carmel, Mathews, Carol A., Mayoral, Fermin, McElroy, Susan L., McMahon, Francis J., Melle, Ingrid, Michie, Patricia, Mitchell, Philip B., Morken, Gunnar, Mowry, Bryan, Myers, Richard M., Neale, Benjamin M., Nievergelt, Caroline M., Oedegaard, Ketil J., Olsson, Tomas, Pantelis, Chris, Pato, Carlos, Pato, Michele T., Patrinos, George P., Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Ribasés, Marta, Rouleau, Guy A., Saito, Takeo, Schall, Ulrich, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Scott, Laura J., Scott, Rodney J., Serretti, Alessandro, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Stordal, Eystein, Turecki, Gustavo, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Vincent, John B., Waldman, Irwin D., Weickert, Thomas W., Zwart, John-Anker, Biernacka, Joanna M., Nurnberger, John I., Edenberg, Howard J., Stahl, Eli A., McQuillin, Andrew, Di Florio, Arianna, Ophoff, Roel A., Andreassen, Ole A., Adan, Roger A. H., Ando, Tetsuya, Aschauer, Harald, Baker, Jessica H., Bencko, Vladimir, Bergen, Andrew W., Birgegård, Andreas, Boden, Joseph M., Boehm, Ilka, Boni, Claudette, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Brandt, Harry, Buehren, Katharina, Bulik, Cynthia M., Burghardt, Roland, Carlberg, Laura, Cassina, Matteo, Clementi, Maurizio, Cone, Roger D., Courtet, Philippe, Crawford, Steven, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J., Danner, Unna N., Davis, Oliver S. P., de Zwaan, Martina, Dedoussis, George, Degortes, Daniela, DeSocio, Janiece E., Dick, Danielle M., Dina, Christian, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Martinez, Elisa Docampo, Duncan, Laramie E., Egberts, Karin, Marshall, Christian R., Mattingsdal, Morten, McDevitt, Sara, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Micali, Nadia, Mitchell, James, Mitchell, Karen, Monteleone, Palmiero, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A., Nacmias, Benedetta, Navratilova, Marie, Ntalla, Ioanna, Olsen, Catherine M., O'Toole, Julie K., Padyukov, Leonid, Palotie, Aarno, Pantel, Jacques, Papezova, Hana, Parker, Richard, Pearson, John F., Ehrlich, Stefan, Escaramís, Geòrgia, Espeseth, Thomas, Estivill, Xavier, Farmer, Anne, Favaro, Angela, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James A. B., Föcker, Manuel, Foretova, Lenka, Forzan, Monica, Franklin, Christopher S., Gallinger, Steven, Gambaro, Giovanni, Giegling, Ina, Giuranna, Johanna, Giusti-Rodríquez, Paola, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gordon, Scott, Gorwood, Philip, Mayora, Monica Gratacos, Guillaume, Sébastien, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Halmi, Katherine A., Hanscombe, Ken B., Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G., Henders, Anjali K., Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Hinney, Anke, Horwood, L. John, Hübel, Christopher, Petersen, Liselotte V., Pinto, Dalila, Purves, Kirstin L., Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Ripatti, Samuli, Ritschel, Franziska, Roberts, Marion, Rybakowski, Filip, Santonastaso, Paolo, Scherag, André, Scherer, Stephen W., Schmidt, Ulrike, Schork, Nicholas J., Schosser, Alexandra, Seitz, Jochen, Slachtova, Lenka, Slagboom, P. Eline, Slof-Op 't Landt, Margarita C. T., Slopien, Agnieszka, Soranzo, Nicole, Sorbi, Sandro, Southam, Lorraine, Steen, Vidar W., Strober, Michael, Huckins, Laura M., Hudson, James I., Imgart, Hartmut, Inoko, Hidetoshi, Janout, Vladimir, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Johnson, Craig, Jordan, Jennifer, Julià, Antonio, Kalsi, Gursharan, Kaminská, Deborah, Kaplan, Allan S., Kaprio, Jaakko, Karhunen, Leila, Karwautz, Andreas, Kas, Martien J. H., Kaye, Walter H., Kennedy, Martin A., Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kiezebrink, Kirsty, Kim, Youl-Ri, Kirk, Katherine M., Klareskog, Lars, Klump, Kelly L., Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., Larsen, Janne T., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Leppä, Virpi M., Li, Dong, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lilenfeld, Lisa, Lin, Bochao Danae, Lundervold, Astri, Luykx, Jurjen, Magistretti, Pierre J., Maj, Mario, Mannik, Katrin, Marsal, Sara, Stuber, Garret D., Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Tenconi, Elena, Thornton, Laura M., Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tsitsika, Artemis, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A., van Furth, Eric F., Wade, Tracey D., Wagner, Gudrun, Walton, Esther, Watson, Hunna J., Whiteman, David C., Wichmann, H. Erich, Widen, Elisabeth, Woodside, D. Blake, Yao, Shuyang, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Jungkunz, Martin, Mullins, N., Kang, J., Campos, A. I., Coleman, J. R. I., Edwards, A. C., Galfalvy, H., Levey, D. F., Lori, A., Shabalin, A., Starnawska, A., Su, M. -H., Watson, H. J., Adams, M., Awasthi, S., Gandal, M., Hafferty, J. D., Hishimoto, A., Kim, M., Okazaki, S., Otsuka, I., Ripke, S., Ware, E. B., Bergen, A. W., Berrettini, W. H., Bohus, M., Brandt, H., Chang, X., Chen, W. J., Chen, H. -C., Crawford, S., Crow, S., Diblasi, E., Duriez, P., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Fichter, M. M., Gallinger, S., Glatt, S. J., Gorwood, P., Guo, Y., Hakonarson, H., Halmi, K. A., Hwu, H. -G., Jain, S., Jamain, S., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Johnson, C., Kaplan, A. S., Kaye, W. H., Keel, P. K., Kennedy, J. L., Klump, K. L., Li, D., Liao, S. -C., Lieb, K., Lilenfeld, L., Liu, C. -M., Magistretti, P. J., Marshall, C. R., Mitchell, J. E., Monson, E. T., Myers, R. M., Pinto, D., Powers, A., Ramoz, N., Roepke, S., Rozanov, V., Scherer, S. W., Schmahl, C., Sokolowski, M., Strober, M., Thornton, L. M., Treasure, J., Tsuang, M. T., Witt, S. H., Woodside, D. B., Yilmaz, Z., Zillich, L., Adolfsson, R., Agartz, I., Air, T. M., Alda, M., Alfredsson, L., Andreassen, O. A., Anjorin, A., Appadurai, V., Soler Artigas, M., Van der Auwera, S., Azevedo, M. H., Bass, N., Bau, C. H. D., Baune, B. T., Bellivier, F., Berger, K., Biernacka, J. M., Bigdeli, T. B., Binder, E. B., Boehnke, M., Boks, M. P., Bosch, R., Braff, D. L., Bryant, R., Budde, M., Byrne, E. M., Cahn, W., Casas, M., Castelao, E., Cervilla, J. A., Chaumette, B., Cichon, S., Corvin, A., Craddock, N., Craig, D., Degenhardt, F., Djurovic, S., Edenberg, H. J., Fanous, A. H., Foo, J. C., Forstner, A. J., Frye, M., Fullerton, J. M., Gatt, J. M., Gejman, P. V., Giegling, I., Grabe, H. J., Green, M. J., Grevet, E. H., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Gutierrez, B., Guzman-Parra, J., Hamilton, S. P., Hamshere, M. L., Hartmann, A., Hauser, J., Heilmann-Heimbach, S., Hoffmann, P., Ising, M., Jones, I., Jones, L. A., Jonsson, L., Kahn, R. S., Kelsoe, J. R., Kendler, K. S., Kloiber, S., Koenen, K. C., Kogevinas, M., Konte, B., Krebs, M. -O., Landen, M., Lawrence, J., Leboyer, M., Lee, P. H., Levinson, D. F., Liao, C., Lissowska, J., Lucae, S., Mayoral, F., Mcelroy, S. L., Mcgrath, P., Mcguffin, P., Mcquillin, A., Medland, S. E., Mehta, D., Melle, I., Milaneschi, Y., Mitchell, P. B., Molina, E., Morken, G., Mortensen, P. B., Muller-Myhsok, B., Nievergelt, C., Nimgaonkar, V., Nothen, M. M., O'Donovan, M. C., Ophoff, R. A., Owen, M. J., Pato, C., Pato, M. T., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Pimm, J., Pistis, G., Potash, J. B., Power, R. A., Preisig, M., Quested, D., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Reif, A., Ribases, M., Richarte, V., Rietschel, M., Rivera, M., Roberts, A., Roberts, G., Rouleau, G. A., Rovaris, D. L., Rujescu, D., Sanchez-Mora, C., Sanders, A. R., Schofield, P. R., Schulze, T. G., Scott, L. J., Serretti, A., Shi, J., Shyn, S. I., Sirignano, L., Sklar, P., Smeland, O. B., Smoller, J. W., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Spalletta, G., Strauss, J. S., Swiatkowska, B., Trzaskowski, M., Turecki, G., Vilar-Ribo, L., Vincent, J. B., Volzke, H., Walters, J. T. R., Shannon Weickert, C., Weickert, T. W., Weissman, M. M., Williams, L. M., Wray, N. R., Zai, C. C., Ashley-Koch, A. E., Beckham, J. C., Hauser, E. R., Hauser, M. A., Kimbrel, N. A., Lindquist, J. H., Mcmahon, B., Oslin, D. W., Qin, X., Mattheisen, M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M. J., Agerbo, E., Andlauer, T. F. M., Bacanu, S. -A., Baekvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, A. T. F., Bryois, J., Buttenschon, H. N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Christensen, J. H., Clarke, T. -K., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Crawford, G. E., Davies, G., Derks, E. M., Direk, N., Dolan, C. V., Dunn, E. C., Eley, T. C., Escott-Price, V., Hassan Kiadeh, F. F., Finucane, H. K., Frank, J., Gaspar, H. A., Gill, M., Goes, F. S., Gordon, S. D., Weinsheimer, S. M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Wu, Y., Xi, H. S., Yang, J., Zhang, F., Arolt, V., Boomsma, D. I., Dannlowski, U., Depaulo, J. 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A., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kiezebrink, K., Kim, Y. -R., Kirk, K. M., Klareskog, L., Knudsen, G. P. S., Larsen, J. T., Le Hellard, S., Leppa, V. M., Lichtenstein, P., Lin, B. D., Lundervold, A., Luykx, J., Maj, M., Mannik, K., Marsal, S., Stuber, G. D., Szatkiewicz, J. P., Tachmazidou, I., Tenconi, E., Tortorella, A., Tozzi, F., Tsitsika, A., Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, M., Tziouvas, K., van Elburg, A. A., van Furth, E. F., Wade, T. D., Wagner, G., Walton, E., Whiteman, D. C., Wichmann, H. E., Widen, E., Yao, S., Zeggini, E., Zerwas, S., Zipfel, S., Jungkunz, M., Dietl, L., Schwarze, C. E., Dahmen, N., Schott, B. H., Mobascher, A., Crivelli, S., Dennis, M. F., Harvey, P. D., Carter, B. W., Huffman, J. E., Jacobson, D., Madduri, R., Olsen, M. K., Pestian, J., Gaziano, J. M., Muralidhar, S., Ramoni, R., Beckham, J., Chang, K. -M., O'Donnell, C. J., Tsao, P. S., Breeling, J., Huang, G., Romero, J. P. C., Moser, J., Whitbourne, S. B., Brewer, J. V., Aslan, M., Connor, T., Argyres, D. P., Stephens, B., Brophy, M. T., Humphries, D. E., Selva, L. E., Do, N., Shayan, S., Cho, K., Pyarajan, S., Hauser, E., Sun, Y., Zhao, H., Wilson, P., Mcardle, R., Dellitalia, L., Mattocks, K., Harley, J., Zablocki, C. J., Whittle, J., Jacono, F., Gutierrez, S., Gibson, G., Hammer, K., Kaminsky, L., Villareal, G., Kinlay, S., Xu, J., Hamner, M., Mathew, R., Bhushan, S., Iruvanti, P., Godschalk, M., Ballas, Z., Ivins, D., Mastorides, S., Moorman, J., Gappy, S., Klein, J., Ratcliffe, N., Florez, H., Okusaga, O., Murdoch, M., Sriram, P., Yeh, S. S., Tandon, N., Jhala, D., Aguayo, S., Cohen, D., Sharma, S., Liangpunsakul, S., Oursler, K. A., Whooley, M., Ahuja, S., Constans, J., Meyer, P., Greco, J., Rauchman, M., Servatius, R., Gaddy, M., Wallbom, A., Morgan, T., Stapley, T., Sherman, S., Ross, G., Tsao, P., Strollo, P., Boyko, E., Meyer, L., Gupta, S., Huq, M., Fayad, J., Hung, A., Lichy, J., Hurley, R., Robey, B., Striker, R., Erlangsen, A., Kessler, R. C., Porteous, D., Ursano, R. J., Wasserman, D., Coon, H., Demontis, D., Docherty, A. R., Kuo, P. -H., Mann, J. J., Renteria, M. E., Stein, M. B., Willour, V., Psychiatry, Biological Psychology, APH - Methodology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, AMS - Sports, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, APH - Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Complex Trait Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, HUS Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Nuorisopsykiatria, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Samuli Olli Ripatti / Principal Investigator, Complex Disease Genetics, Biostatistics Helsinki, Anna Keski-Rahkonen / Principal Investigator, Elisabeth Ingrid Maria Widen / Principal Investigator, Genomic Discoveries and Clinical Translation, Internal medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Digital Health, Mullins N., Kang J., Campos A.I., Coleman J.R.I., Edwards 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Maratou E., Martinsson L., McGregor N.W., McKay J.D., Medeiros H., Millischer V., Moran J.L., Morris D.W., Muhleisen T.W., O'Brien N., O'Donovan C., Olde Loohuis L.M., Oruc L., Papiol S., Pardinas A.F., Perry A., Pfennig A., Porichi E., Raj T., Rapaport M.H., Regeer E.J., Rivas F., Roth J., Roussos P., Ruderfer D.M., Senner F., Sharp S., Shilling P.D., Slaney C., Sobell J.L., Artigas M.S., Spijker A.T., Stein D.J., Terao C., Toma C., Tooney P., Tsermpini E.-E., Vawter M.P., Vedder H., Xi S., Xu W., Kay Yang J.M., Young A.H., Young H., Zandi P.P., Zhou H., HUNT All-In Psychiatry, Babadjanova G., Backlund L., Bengesser S., Blackwood D.H.R., Carr V.J., Catts S., Dikeos D., Etain B., Ferentinos P., Gawlik M., Gershon E.S., Henskens F., Hillert J., Hong K.S., Hultman C.M., Hveem K., Iwata N., Jablensky A.V., Kirov G., Lochner C., Loughland C., Mathews C.A., McMahon F.J., Michie P., Mowry B., Neale B.M., Nievergelt C.M., Oedegaard K.J., Olsson T., Pantelis C., Patrinos G.P., Reininghaus E.Z., Saito T., Schall U., Schalling M., Scott R.J., Weickert C.S., Stordal E., Vaaler A.E., Vieta E., Waldman I.D., Zwart J.-A., Nurnberger J.I., Stahl E.A., Di Florio A., Adan R.A.H., Ando T., Aschauer H., Baker J.H., Bencko V., Birgegard A., Boden J.M., Boehm I., Boni C., Perica V.B., Buehren K., Bulik C.M., Burghardt R., Carlberg L., Cassina M., Clementi M., Cone R.D., Courtet P., Crowley J.J., Danner U.N., Davis O.S.P., de Zwaan M., Dedoussis G., Degortes D., DeSocio J.E., Dick D.M., Dina C., Dmitrzak-Weglarz M., Martinez E.D., Duncan L.E., Egberts K., Mattingsdal M., McDevitt S., Meulenbelt I., Micali N., Mitchell J., Mitchell K., Monteleone P., Monteleone A.M., Munn-Chernoff M.A., Nacmias B., Navratilova M., Ntalla I., Olsen C.M., O'Toole J.K., Padyukov L., Palotie A., Pantel J., Papezova H., Parker R., Pearson J.F., Ehrlich S., Escaramis G., Espeseth T., Estivill X., Farmer A., Favaro A., Fischer K., Floyd J.A.B., Focker M., Foretova L., Forzan M., Franklin C.S., Gambaro G., Giuranna J., Giusti-Rodriquez P., Gonidakis F., Gordon S., Mayora M.G., Guillaume S., Hanscombe K.B., Hatzikotoulas K., Hebebrand J., Helder S.G., Henders A.K., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Herzog W., Hinney A., Horwood L.J., Hubel C., Petersen L.V., Purves K.L., Raevuori A., Reichborn-Kjennerud T., Ricca V., Ripatti S., Ritschel F., Roberts M., Rybakowski F., Santonastaso P., Scherag A., Schmidt U., Schork N.J., Schosser A., Seitz J., Slachtova L., Slagboom P.E., Slof-Op 't Landt M.C.T., Slopien A., Soranzo N., Sorbi S., Southam L., Steen V.W., Huckins L.M., Hudson J.I., Imgart H., Inoko H., Janout V., Jordan J., Julia A., Kalsi G., Kaminska D., Kaprio J., Karhunen L., Karwautz A., Kas M.J.H., Kennedy M.A., Keski-Rahkonen A., Kiezebrink K., Kim Y.-R., Kirk K.M., Klareskog L., Knudsen G.P.S., Larsen J.T., Le Hellard S., Leppa V.M., Lichtenstein P., Lin B.D., Lundervold A., Luykx J., Maj M., Mannik K., Marsal S., Stuber G.D., Szatkiewicz J.P., Tachmazidou I., Tenconi E., Tortorella A., Tozzi F., Tsitsika A., Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M., Tziouvas K., van Elburg A.A., van Furth E.F., Wade T.D., Wagner G., Walton E., Whiteman D.C., Wichmann H.E., Widen E., Yao S., Zeggini E., Zerwas S., Zipfel S., Jungkunz M., Dietl L., Schwarze C.E., Dahmen N., Schott B.H., Mobascher A., Crivelli S., Dennis M.F., Harvey P.D., Carter B.W., Huffman J.E., Jacobson D., Madduri R., Olsen M.K., Pestian J., Gaziano J.M., Muralidhar S., Ramoni R., Beckham J., Chang K.-M., O'Donnell C.J., Tsao P.S., Breeling J., Huang G., Romero J.P.C., Moser J., Whitbourne S.B., Brewer J.V., Aslan M., Connor T., Argyres D.P., Stephens B., Brophy M.T., Humphries D.E., Selva L.E., Do N., Shayan S., Cho K., Pyarajan S., Hauser E., Sun Y., Zhao H., Wilson P., McArdle R., Dellitalia L., Mattocks K., Harley J., Zablocki C.J., Whittle J., Jacono F., Gutierrez S., Gibson G., Hammer K., Kaminsky L., Villareal G., Kinlay S., Xu J., Hamner M., Mathew R., Bhushan S., Iruvanti P., Godschalk M., Ballas Z., Ivins D., Mastorides S., Moorman J., Gappy S., Klein J., Ratcliffe N., Florez H., Okusaga O., Murdoch M., Sriram P., Yeh S.S., Tandon N., Jhala D., Aguayo S., Cohen D., Sharma S., Liangpunsakul S., Oursler K.A., Whooley M., Ahuja S., Constans J., Meyer P., Greco J., Rauchman M., Servatius R., Gaddy M., Wallbom A., Morgan T., Stapley T., Sherman S., Ross G., Tsao P., Strollo P., Boyko E., Meyer L., Gupta S., Huq M., Fayad J., Hung A., Lichy J., Hurley R., Robey B., Striker R., Erlangsen A., Kessler R.C., Porteous D., Ursano R.J., Wasserman D., Coon H., Demontis D., Docherty A.R., Kuo P.-H., Mann J.J., Renteria M.E., Stein M.B., and Willour V.
Subjects: LD SCORE REGRESSION, Genome-wide association study, Suicide, Attempted, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Insomnia, Suicide attempt, GWAS, Suïcidi, Depression (differential diagnoses), Cause of death, Psychiatry, 0303 health sciences, Factors de risc en les malalties, Mental Disorders, Genetic Correlation, Genome-wide Association Study, Pleiotropy, Polygenicity, Suicide, Suicide Attempt, DEPRESSION, 3. Good health, Genetic correlation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Depressive Disorder, Major, Mental illness, Cohort, SEX, medicine.symptom, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Risk factors in diseases, BF, Locus (genetics), BEHAVIORS, Psykiatri, EVENTS, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, ddc:610, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, IDEATION, Socioeconomic status, METAANALYSIS, Biological Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Risk Factor, Genetic architecture, THOUGHTS, RC0321, business, Malalties mentals, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Statistical analyses were carried out on the NL Genetic Cluster Computer (http://www.geneticcluster.org) hosted by SURFsara and the Mount Sinai high performance computing cluster (http://hpc.mssm.edu), which is supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure of the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. S10OD018522 and S10OD026880). This work was conducted in part using the resources of the Advanced Computing Center for Research and Education at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. R01MH116269 and R01MH121455 [to DMR]), NIGMS of the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. T32GM007347 [to JK]), and the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Award No. 29551 [to NM])., BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. RESULTS: Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders., Office of Research Infrastructure of the National Institutes of Health S10OD018522 S10OD026880, United States Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA R01MH116269 R01MH121455, NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) T32GM007347 NARSAD 29551
Published: 2022

9. Allocentric Spatial Memory in Major Depressive Disorder.

Author: Jonna Nilsson, Kenny R. Coventry, and I. Nicol Ferrier
Published: 2011

10. Pituitary volume and third ventricle width in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder

Author: Cousins, David A., Brian Moore, P., Watson, Stuart, Harrison, Lucy, Nicol Ferrier, I., Young, Allan H., and Lloyd, Adrian J.
Published: 2010
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11. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology

Author: Mullins, Niamh, Forstner, Andreas J., O'Connell, Kevin S., Coombes, Brandon, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Qiao, Zhen, Als, Thomas D., Bigdeli, Tim B., Børte, Sigrid, Bryois, Julien, Charney, Alexander W., Drange, Ole Kristian, Gandal, Michael J., Hagenaars, Saskia P., Ikeda, Masashi, Kamitaki, Nolan, Kim, Minsoo, Krebs, Kristi, Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia, Schilder, Brian M., Sloofman, Laura G., Steinberg, Stacy, Trubetskoy, Vassily, Winsvold, Bendik S., Won, Hong-Hee, Abramova, Liliya, Adorjan, Kristina, Agerbo, Esben, Al Eissa, Mariam, Albani, Diego, Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney, Anjorin, Adebayo, Antilla, Verneri, Antoniou, Anastasia, Awasthi, Swapnil, Hyun Baek, Ji, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Bass, Nicholas, Bauer, Michael, Beins, Eva C., Bergen, Sarah E., Birner, Armin, Bøcker Pedersen, Carsten, Bøen, Erlend, Boks, Marco P., Bosch, Rosa, Brum, Murielle, Brumpton, Ben M., Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie, Budde, Monika, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Byerley, William, Cairns, Murray, Casas, Miquel, Cervantes, Pablo, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo, Cunningham, Julie, Curtis, David, Czerski, Piotr M., Dale, Anders M., Dalkner, Nina, David, Friederike S., Degenhardt, Franziska, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dobbyn, Amanda L., Douzenis, Athanassios, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Escott-Price, Valentina, Nicol Ferrier, I., Fiorentino, Alessia, Foroud, Tatiana M., Forty, Liz, Frank, Josef, Frei, Oleksandr, Freimer, Nelson B., Frisén, Louise, Gade, Katrin, Garnham, Julie, Gelernter, Joel, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Marianne, Gizer, Ian R., Gordon, Scott D., Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Greenwood, Tiffany A., Grove, Jakob, Guzman-Parra, José, Ha, Kyooseob, Haraldsson, Magnus, Hautzinger, Martin, Heilbronner, Urs, Hellgren, Dennis, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Holmans, Peter A., Huckins, Laura, Jamain, Stéphane, Johnson, Jessica S., Kalman, Janos L., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kennedy, James L., Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Knowles, James A., Kogevinas, Manolis, Koromina, Maria, Kranz, Thorsten M., Kranzler, Henry R., Kubo, Michiaki, Kupka, Ralph, Kushner, Steven A., Lavebratt, Catharina, Lawrence, Jacob, Leber, Markus, Lee, Heon-Jeong, Lee, Phil H., Levy, Shawn E., Lewis, Catrin, Liao, Calwing, Lucae, Susanne, Lundberg, Martin, MacIntyre, Donald J., Maier, Wolfgang, Maihofer, Adam, Malaspina, Dolores, Maratou, Eirini, Martinsson, Lina, Mattheisen, Manuel, McGregor, Nathaniel W., McGuffin, Peter, McKay, James D., Medeiros, Helena, Medland, Sarah E., Millischer, Vincent, Montgomery, Grant W., Moran, Jennifer L., Morris, Derek W., Mühleisen, Thomas W., O'Brien, Niamh, O'Donovan, Claire, Olde Loohuis, Loes M., Oruc, Lilijana, Papiol, Sergi, Pardiñas, Antonio F., Perry, Amy, Pfennig, Andrea, Porichi, Evgenia, Potash, James B., Quested, Digby, Raj, Towfique, Rapaport, Mark H., DePaulo, J Raymond, Regeer, Eline J., Rice, John P., Rivas, Fabio, Rivera, Margarita, Roth, Julian, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Schulte, Eva C., Senner, Fanny, Sharp, Sally, Shilling, Paul D., Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Sirignano, Lea, Slaney, Claire, Smeland, Olav B., Sobell, Janet L., Hansen, Christine Søholm, Artigas, Maria Soler, Spijker, Anne T., Stein, Dan J., Strauss, John S., Beata Świątkowska, Beata, Terao, Chikashi, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Toma, Claudio, Tooney, Paul, Tsermpini, Evangelia-Eirini, Vawter, Marquis P., Vedder, Helmut, Walters, James T.R., Witt, Stephanie H., Xi, Simon, Xu, Wei, Young, Hannah, Young, Allan H., Zandi, Peter P., Zhou, Hang, Zillich, Lea, Adolfsson, Rolf, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alfredsson, Lars, Babadjanova, Gulja, Backlund, Lena, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Bengesser, Susanne, Berrettini, Wade H., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Boehnke, Michael, Børglum, Anders D., Breen, Gerome, Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley, Corvin, Aiden, Craddock, Nicholas, Dannlowski, Udo, Dikeos, Dimitris, Esko, Tõnu, Etain, Bruno, Ferentinos, Panagiotis, Frye, Mark, Fullerton, Janice M., Gawlik, Micha, Gershon, Elliot S., Goes, Fernando, Green, Melissa J., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Hauser, Joanna, Henskens, Frans, Hillert, Jan, Hong, Kyung Sue, Hougaard, David M., Hultman, Christina M., Hveem, Kristian, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Jones, Ian, Jones, Lisa A., Kahn, René S., Kelsoe, John R., Kirov, George, Mikael Landén, Mikael, Leboyer, Marion, Lewis, Cathryn M., Li, Qingqin S., Lissowska, Jolanta, Lochner, Christine, Loughland, Carmel, Martin, Nicholas G., Mathews, Carol A., Mayoral, Fermin, McElroy, Susan L., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Francis J., Melle, Ingrid, Michie, Patricia, Milani, Lili, Mitchell, Philip B., Morken, Gunnar, Mors, Ole, Bo Mortensen, Preben, Mowry, Bryan, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Myers, Richard M., Neale, Benjamin M., Nievergelt, Caroline M., Nordentoft, Merete, Nöthen, Markus M., O'Donovan, Michael C., Smith, Daniel, Oedegaard, Ketil J., Olsson, Tomas, Owen, Michael J., Paciga, Sara A., Pantelis, Chris, Pato, Carlos, Pato, Michele T., Patrinos, George P., Perlis, Roy H., Posthuma, Danielle, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Ribasés, Marta, Rietschel, Marcella, Rouleau, Guy A., Ripke, Stephan, Saito, Takeo, Schall, Ulrich, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Schulze, Thomas G., Scott, Rodney J., Scott, Laura J., Serretti, Alessandro, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Hreinn, Stefansson, Kari, Stordal, Eystein, Streit, Fabian, Turecki, Gustavo, Sullivan, Patrick F., Vaaler, Arne E, Vieta, Eduard, Vincent, John B., Waldman, Irwin D., Weickert, Thomas W., Werge, Thomas, Wray, Naomi R., Zwart, John-Anker, Biernacka, Joanna M., Nurnberger, John I., Cichon, Sven, Edenberg, Howard J., Stahl, Eli A., McQuillin, Andrew, Di Florio, Arianna, Ophoff, Roel A., and Andreassen, Ole A.
Abstract: Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. Bipolar disorder risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating expression quantitative trait locus data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to bipolar disorder via gene expression, encoding druggable targets such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. Analyses of bipolar disorder subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between bipolar disorder type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of bipolar disorder, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies.
Published: 2021

12. Language in schizophrenia and aphasia: the relationship with non-verbal cognition and thought disorder

Author: Peter Gallagher, Stuart Watson, Rosemary Varley, I. Nicol Ferrier, Helen Spencer, Vitor Zimmerer, Wolfram Hinzen, Douglas Turkington, Maggie Douglas, Felicity Deamer, Derya Çokal, and Bethany Little
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, behavioral disciplines and activities, Thinking, Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, Nonverbal communication, 0302 clinical medicine, Aphasia, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive impairment, Language Disorders, Thought disorder, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Objective: To determine the relationship between language abnormalities and broader cognitive impairment and thought disorder by examining language and cognition in schizophrenia and aphasia (a pri...
Published: 2019

13. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology

Author: James McKay, Frank Bellivier, Mark A. Frye, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Fermín Mayoral, I. Nicol Ferrier, Marion Leboyer, Fabian Streit, Dan J. Stein, James L. Kennedy, Christine Søholm Hansen, Scott D. Gordon, Beata Świątkowska, Valentina Escott-Price, Michael Bauer, Lina Martinsson, Donald J. MacIntyre, Oleksandr Frei, Daniel J. Smith, Sara A. Paciga, Takeo Saito, Jennifer L. Moran, Verneri Antilla, C Pantelis, Tomas Olsson, Swapnil Awasthi, Lena Backlund, Eirini Maratou, Martin Schalling, John B. Vincent, Niamh Mullins, Sarah E. Bergen, Niamh L. O'Brien, Marco P. Boks, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Mikael Landén, Franziska Degenhardt, Hang Zhou, Margarita Rivera, Andrew M. McIntosh, Manuel Mattheisen, Shawn Levy, Roy H. Perlis, John P. Rice, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Amanda Dobbyn, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Julien Bryois, Wolfgang Maier, John-Anker Zwart, J. Raymond DePaulo, Martin Alda, Laura G. Sloofman, Friederike Sophie David, James A. Knowles, Aiden Corvin, Thomas G. Schulze, Markus M. Nöthen, Nolan Kamitaki, Nina Dalkner, Brandon J. Coombes, Gustavo Turecki, Allan H. Young, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Patricia T. Michie, Ingrid Agartz, Towfique Raj, Diego Albani, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Bernhard T. Baune, Kyooseob Ha, Vincent Millischer, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Eva C. Beins, Nicholas G. Martin, Gulja Babadjanova, Josef Frank, Eva Z. Reininghaus, Patrick F. Sullivan, Ian R. Gizer, Guy A. Rouleau, Carmel M. Loughland, Christine Lochner, Thorsten M. Kranz, Amy Perry, Arne E. Vaaler, Mariam M. Al Eissa, Simon Xi, Claire O'Donovan, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Ketil J. Oedegaard, Helmut Vedder, Carol A. Mathews, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Tim B. Bigdeli, Derek W. Morris, Per Hoffmann, Mark Hyman Rapaport, Peter P. Zandi, Michael John Owen, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Anders D. Børglum, Catharina Lavebratt, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Paul A. Tooney, Michiaki Kubo, Steven A. Kushner, Jan Hillert, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Anastasia Antoniou, Murielle Brum, Chikashi Terao, Nathaniel W. McGregor, Fabio Rivas, James B. Potash, Kevin S. O’Connell, Susanne Lucae, Brian M. Schilder, Katrin Gade, Stephan Ripke, Kristina Adorjan, Kari Stefansson, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Panos Roussos, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Steven A. McCarroll, Sergi Papiol, Heon Jeong Lee, Assen Jablensky, Liliya Abramova, Dennis Hellgren, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Martin Lundberg, Hong-Hee Won, William Byerley, Lars Alfredsson, Joel Gelernter, Andrew McQuillin, Claire Slaney, Marta Ribasés, Stephanie H. Witt, Yoichiro Kamatani, Kyung Sue Hong, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, María Soler Artigas, Julie M. Cunningham, Fanny Senner, Stacy Steinberg, Paul D. Shilling, Nakao Iwata, Eystein Stordal, Armin Birner, Sarah E. Medland, Miquel Casas, Ben Michael Brumpton, Erlend Bøen, Bryan J. Mowry, Jolanta Lissowska, Francis J. McMahon, Howard J. Edenberg, Grant W. Montgomery, John I. Nurnberger, Stéphane Jamain, Claudio Toma, Ney Alliey-Rodriguez, Ole Mors, Micha Gawlik, David Curtis, Catrin Lewis, Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Marcella Rietschel, Jessica Yang, Ian Jones, Eduard Vieta, Ole A. Andreassen, Richard M. Myers, Dimitris Dikeos, Melissa J. Green, Janet L. Sobell, Maria Koromina, Piotr M. Czerski, Lilijana Oruc, Sven Cichon, Udo Dannlowski, Bruno Etain, Monika Budde, Alessia Fiorentino, Naomi R. Wray, Qingqin S. Li, Murray J. Cairns, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Jose Guzman-Parra, Andreas J. Forstner, Hannah Young, Alfredo B. Cuellar-Barboza, Julian Roth, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, Zhen Qiao, Thomas Werge, Athanassios Douzenis, Cristiana Cruceanu, Rolf Adolfsson, Peter Holmans, Vaughan J. Carr, Thomas W. Weickert, Masashi Ikeda, Joanna M. Biernacka, Lea Sirignano, Adam X. Maihofer, Ralph W. Kupka, John Strauss, Anders M. Dale, Elliot S. Gershon, Jakob Grove, Arianna Di Florio, Helena Medeiros, Ingrid Melle, Preben Bo Mortensen, Kristi Krebs, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Liz Forty, Stanley V. Catts, David M. Hougaard, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Andreas Reif, Toni-Kim Clarke, Anne T. Spijker, Danielle Posthuma, Manolis Kogevinas, Michael Boehnke, Rosa Bosch, Gerome Breen, Benjamin M. Neale, Jessica S. Johnson, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Alexander W. Charney, Henry R. Kranzler, Digby Quested, René S. Kahn, Lili Milani, Merete Nordentoft, Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Laura M. Huckins, James T.R. Walters, Sigrid Børte, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Kristian Hveem, Julie Garnham, Jacob Lawrence, Vassily Trubetskoy, Rodney J. Scott, Nicholas Bass, Carlos N. Pato, Andrea Pfennig, Wei Xu, Calwing Liao, Nicholas John Craddock, Thomas Damm Als, Christina M. Hultman, Fernando S. Goes, Adebayo Anjorin, Evgenia Porichi, Frans Henskens, Nelson B. Freimer, Janice M. Fullerton, Cathryn M. Lewis, Srdjan Djurovic, Roel A. Ophoff, Phil Lee, Peter McGuffin, Gunnar Morken, George P. Patrinos, Alessandro Serretti, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Pablo Cervantes, Bendik S. Winsvold, Tatiana Foroud, Tõnu Esko, Ulrich Schall, Michele T. Pato, Ji Hyun Baek, John R. Kelsoe, Olav B. Smeland, Janos Kalman, Eva C. Schulte, Joanna Hauser, Urs Heilbronner, Magnús Haraldsson, Martin Hautzinger, Lea Zillich, Eline J. Regeer, Douglas Blackwood, Laura J. Scott, Jordan W. Smoller, Michael J. Gandal, Marquis P. Vawter, Philip B. Mitchell, Ole Kristian Drange, Peter R. Schofield, Susanne Bengesser, Stefan Herms, George Kirov, Markus Leber, Louise Frisén, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Susan L. McElroy, Irwin D. Waldman, Wade H. Berrettini, Sally I. Sharp, Minsoo Kim, Lisa Jones, Eli A. Stahl, Hreinn Stefansson, Esben Agerbo, Dolores Malaspina, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Human genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Digital Health, Mullins N., Forstner A.J., O'Connell K.S., Coombes B., Coleman J.R.I., Qiao Z., Als T.D., Bigdeli T.B., Borte S., Bryois J., Charney A.W., Drange O.K., Gandal M.J., Hagenaars S.P., Ikeda M., Kamitaki N., Kim M., Krebs K., Panagiotaropoulou G., Schilder B.M., Sloofman L.G., Steinberg S., Trubetskoy V., Winsvold B.S., Won H.-H., Abramova L., Adorjan K., Agerbo E., Al Eissa M., Albani D., Alliey-Rodriguez N., Anjorin A., Antilla V., Antoniou A., Awasthi S., Baek J.H., Baekvad-Hansen M., Bass N., Bauer M., Beins E.C., Bergen S.E., Birner A., Bocker Pedersen C., Boen E., Boks M.P., Bosch R., Brum M., Brumpton B.M., Brunkhorst-Kanaan N., Budde M., Bybjerg-Grauholm J., Byerley W., Cairns M., Casas M., Cervantes P., Clarke T.-K., Cruceanu C., Cuellar-Barboza A., Cunningham J., Curtis D., Czerski P.M., Dale A.M., Dalkner N., David F.S., Degenhardt F., Djurovic S., Dobbyn A.L., Douzenis A., Elvsashagen T., Escott-Price V., Ferrier I.N., Fiorentino A., Foroud T.M., Forty L., Frank J., Frei O., Freimer N.B., Frisen L., Gade K., Garnham J., Gelernter J., Giortz Pedersen M., Gizer I.R., Gordon S.D., Gordon-Smith K., Greenwood T.A., Grove J., Guzman-Parra J., Ha K., Haraldsson M., Hautzinger M., Heilbronner U., Hellgren D., Herms S., Hoffmann P., Holmans P.A., Huckins L., Jamain S., Johnson J.S., Kalman J.L., Kamatani Y., Kennedy J.L., Kittel-Schneider S., Knowles J.A., Kogevinas M., Koromina M., Kranz T.M., Kranzler H.R., Kubo M., Kupka R., Kushner S.A., Lavebratt C., Lawrence J., Leber M., Lee H.-J., Lee P.H., Levy S.E., Lewis C., Liao C., Lucae S., Lundberg M., MacIntyre D.J., Magnusson S.H., Maier W., Maihofer A., Malaspina D., Maratou E., Martinsson L., Mattheisen M., McCarroll S.A., McGregor N.W., McGuffin P., McKay J.D., Medeiros H., Medland S.E., Millischer V., Montgomery G.W., Moran J.L., Morris D.W., Muhleisen T.W., O'Brien N., O'Donovan C., Olde Loohuis L.M., Oruc L., Papiol S., Pardinas A.F., Perry A., Pfennig A., Porichi E., Potash J.B., Quested D., Raj T., Rapaport M.H., DePaulo J.R., Regeer E.J., Rice J.P., Rivas F., Rivera M., Roth J., Roussos P., Ruderfer D.M., Sanchez-Mora C., Schulte E.C., Senner F., Sharp S., Shilling P.D., Sigurdsson E., Sirignano L., Slaney C., Smeland O.B., Smith D.J., Sobell J.L., Soholm Hansen C., Soler Artigas M., Spijker A.T., Stein D.J., Strauss J.S., Swiatkowska B., Terao C., Thorgeirsson T.E., Toma C., Tooney P., Tsermpini E.-E., Vawter M.P., Vedder H., Walters J.T.R., Witt S.H., Xi S., Xu W., Yang J.M.K., Young A.H., Young H., Zandi P.P., Zhou H., Zillich L., Adolfsson R., Agartz I., Alda M., Alfredsson L., Babadjanova G., Backlund L., Baune B.T., Bellivier F., Bengesser S., Berrettini W.H., Blackwood D.H.R., Boehnke M., Borglum A.D., Breen G., Carr V.J., Catts S., Corvin A., Craddock N., Dannlowski U., Dikeos D., Esko T., Etain B., Ferentinos P., Frye M., Fullerton J.M., Gawlik M., Gershon E.S., Goes F.S., Green M.J., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M., Hauser J., Henskens F., Hillert J., Hong K.S., Hougaard D.M., Hultman C.M., Hveem K., Iwata N., Jablensky A.V., Jones I., Jones L.A., Kahn R.S., Kelsoe J.R., Kirov G., Landen M., Leboyer M., Lewis C.M., Li Q.S., Lissowska J., Lochner C., Loughland C., Martin N.G., Mathews C.A., Mayoral F., McElroy S.L., McIntosh A.M., McMahon F.J., Melle I., Michie P., Milani L., Mitchell P.B., Morken G., Mors O., Mortensen P.B., Mowry B., Muller-Myhsok B., Myers R.M., Neale B.M., Nievergelt C.M., Nordentoft M., Nothen M.M., O'Donovan M.C., Oedegaard K.J., Olsson T., Owen M.J., Paciga S.A., Pantelis C., Pato C., Pato M.T., Patrinos G.P., Perlis R.H., Posthuma D., Ramos-Quiroga J.A., Reif A., Reininghaus E.Z., Ribases M., Rietschel M., Ripke S., Rouleau G.A., Saito T., Schall U., Schalling M., Schofield P.R., Schulze T.G., Scott L.J., Scott R.J., Serretti A., Shannon Weickert C., Smoller J.W., Stefansson H., Stefansson K., Stordal E., Streit F., Sullivan P.F., Turecki G., Vaaler A.E., Vieta E., Vincent J.B., Waldman I.D., Weickert T.W., Werge T., Wray N.R., Zwart J.-A., Biernacka J.M., Nurnberger J.I., Cichon S., Edenberg H.J., Stahl E.A., McQuillin A., Di Florio A., Ophoff R.A., Andreassen O.A., IMRB - 'Neuropsychiatrie translationnelle' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (OPTeN (UMR_S_1144 / U1144)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Etain, Bruno
Subjects: Multifactorial Inheritance, Bipolar Disorder, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Medizin, Genome-wide association study, Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics, Major Histocompatibility Complex, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Bipolar Disorder, Chromosomes, Human, Spectrum disorder, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Bipolar Disorder/genetics, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Case-Control Studies, Phenotype, Schizophrenia, Synaptic signaling, Case-Control Studie, Human, Quantitative Trait Loci, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Major Histocompatibility Complex, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, ddc:570, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Bipolar disorder, Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics, MESH: Genome, Human, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Genome, Human, Risk Factor, Chromosomes, Human/genetics, Mental illness, medicine.disease, MESH: Quantitative Trait Loci, Human genetics, Psychologie, Case-Control Studies, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, Expression quantitative trait loci, MESH: Multifactorial Inheritance, Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: International audience; Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. Bipolar disorder risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating expression quantitative trait locus data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to bipolar disorder via gene expression, encoding druggable targets such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. Analyses of bipolar disorder subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between bipolar disorder type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of bipolar disorder, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies.
Published: 2021

14. Persistent effects of mifepristone (RU-486) on cortisol levels in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Author: Gallagher, Peter, Watson, Stuart, Elizabeth Dye, Cordelia, Young, Allan H., and Nicol Ferrier, I.
Published: 2008
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15. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author: Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De Jonghe, P, Depondt, C, Dlugos, D, Ferraro, T, French, J, Hjalgrim, H, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Kälviäinen, R, Kunz, W, 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H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, BONCORAGLIO, GIORGIO BATTISTA, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. 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D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K., McGough, James J., Grevet, Eugenio H., Medland, Sarah E., Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M., Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Roge, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Thompson, Robert C., Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E., Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B., Reinbold, Céline S., Fullerton, Janice M., Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R., Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W., Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B., Gershon, Elliot S., Rice, John, Potash, James B., Zandi, Peter P., Craddock, Nick, Nicol Ferrier, I., Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A., Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R., Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till F. M., Forstner, Andreas J., Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T., Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R., MacIntyre, Donald J., Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M., Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H., Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S., Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A., Beekman, Aartjan TF, Knowles, James A., Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L., Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Joseph Bienvenu, O., Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M., Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J., Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A., Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C., Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S., Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M., Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A., Riddle, Mark A., Robertson, Mary M., Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J., Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S., McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S., Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A., Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C., Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V., Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M., Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V., Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S., Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A., Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W., Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W., Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M., Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De Jonghe, P, Depondt, C, Dlugos, D, Ferraro, T, French, J, Hjalgrim, H, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Kälviäinen, R, Kunz, W, Lerche, H, Leu, C, Lindhout, D, Lo, W, Lowenstein, D, Mccormack, M, Møller, R, Molloy, A, Ng, P, Oliver, K, Privitera, M, Radtke, R, Ruppert, A, Sander, T, Schachter, S, Schankin, C, Scheffer, I, Schoch, S, Sisodiya, S, Smith, P, Sperling, M, Striano, P, Surges, R, Neil Thomas, G, Visscher, F, Whelan, C, Zara, F, Heinzen, E, Marson, A, Becker, F, Stroink, H, Zimprich, F, Gasser, T, Gibbs, R, Heutink, P, Martinez, M, Morris, H, Sharma, M, Ryten, M, Mok, K, Pulit, S, Bevan, S, Holliday, E, Attia, J, Battey, T, Boncoraglio, G, Thijs, V, Chen, W, Mitchell, B, Rothwell, P, Sharma, P, Sudlow, C, Vicente, A, Markus, H, Kourkoulis, C, Pera, J, Raffeld, M, Silliman, S, Perica, V, Thornton, L, Huckins, L, William Rayner, N, Lewis, C, Gratacos, M, Rybakowski, F, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Raevuori, A, Hudson, J, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T, Monteleone, P, Karwautz, A, Mannik, K, Baker, J, O'Toole, J, Trace, S, Davis, O, Helder, S, Ehrlich, S, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Danner, U, Van Elburg, A, Clementi, M, Forzan, M, Docampo, E, Lissowska, J, Hauser, J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S. K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H. H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, BONCORAGLIO, GIORGIO BATTISTA, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. P., Helder, Sietske G., Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N., Van Elburg, Annemarie A., Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julia, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M., Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A., Espeseth, Thomas, Lundervold, Astri J., Steen, Vidar M., Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W., Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lars, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A., Mitchell, James, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W., Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesús, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D., Banaschewski, Tobias, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K., Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Doyle, Alysa E., Reif, Andreas, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H., Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D., Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikolas, Bau, Claiton H. D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K., McGough, James J., Grevet, Eugenio H., Medland, Sarah E., Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M., Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Roge, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Thompson, Robert C., Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E., Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B., Reinbold, Céline S., Fullerton, Janice M., Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R., Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W., Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B., Gershon, Elliot S., Rice, John, Potash, James B., Zandi, Peter P., Craddock, Nick, Nicol Ferrier, I., Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A., Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R., Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till F. M., Forstner, Andreas J., Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T., Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R., MacIntyre, Donald J., Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M., Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H., Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S., Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A., Beekman, Aartjan TF, Knowles, James A., Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L., Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Joseph Bienvenu, O., Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M., Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J., Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A., Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C., Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S., Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M., Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A., Riddle, Mark A., Robertson, Mary M., Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J., Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S., McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S., Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A., Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C., Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V., Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M., Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V., Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S., Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A., Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W., Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W., Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, and Neale, Benjamin M.
Abstract: Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
Published: 2018

16. Genome-wide association study of over 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology

Author: Niamh Mullins, Andreas J. Forstner, Kevin S. O’Connell, Brandon Coombes, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Zhen Qiao, Thomas D. Als, Tim B. Bigdeli, Sigrid Børte, Julien Bryois, Alexander W. Charney, Ole Kristian Drange, Michael J. Gandal, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Masashi Ikeda, Nolan Kamitaki, Minsoo Kim, Kristi Krebs, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Brian M. Schilder, Laura G. Sloofman, Stacy Steinberg, Vassily Trubetskoy, Bendik S. Winsvold, Hong-Hee Won, Liliya Abramova, Kristina Adorjan, Esben Agerbo, Mariam Al Eissa, Diego Albani, Ney Alliey-Rodriguez, Adebayo Anjorin, Verneri Antilla, Anastasia Antoniou, Swapnil Awasthi, Ji Hyun Baek, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Nicholas Bass, Michael Bauer, Eva C. Beins, Sarah E. Bergen, Armin Birner, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Erlend Bøen, Marco P. Boks, Rosa Bosch, Murielle Brum, Ben M. Brumpton, Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Monika Budde, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, William Byerley, Murray Cairns, Miquel Casas, Pablo Cervantes, Toni-Kim Clarke, Cristiana Cruceanu, Alfredo Cuellar-Barboza, Julie Cunningham, David Curtis, Piotr M. Czerski, Anders M. Dale, Nina Dalkner, Friederike S. David, Franziska Degenhardt, Srdjan Djurovic, Amanda L. Dobbyn, Athanassios Douzenis, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, Valentina Escott-Price, I. Nicol Ferrier, Alessia Fiorentino, Tatiana M. Foroud, Liz Forty, Josef Frank, Oleksandr Frei, Nelson B. Freimer, Louise Frisén, Katrin Gade, Julie Garnham, Joel Gelernter, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Ian R. Gizer, Scott D. Gordon, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Jakob Grove, José Guzman-Parra, Kyooseob Ha, Magnus Haraldsson, Martin Hautzinger, Urs Heilbronner, Dennis Hellgren, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Peter A. Holmans, Laura Huckins, Stéphane Jamain, Jessica S. Johnson, Janos L. Kalman, Yoichiro Kamatani, James L. Kennedy, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, James A. Knowles, Manolis Kogevinas, Maria Koromina, Thorsten M. Kranz, Henry R. Kranzler, Michiaki Kubo, Ralph Kupka, Steven A. Kushner, Catharina Lavebratt, Jacob Lawrence, Markus Leber, Heon-Jeong Lee, Phil H. Lee, Shawn E. Levy, Catrin Lewis, Calwing Liao, Susanne Lucae, Martin Lundberg, Donald J. MacIntyre, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Wolfgang Maier, Adam Maihofer, Dolores Malaspina, Eirini Maratou, Lina Martinsson, Manuel Mattheisen, Steven A. McCarroll, Nathaniel W. McGregor, Peter McGuffin, James D. McKay, Helena Medeiros, Sarah E. Medland, Vincent Millischer, Grant W. Montgomery, Jennifer L. Moran, Derek W. Morris, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Niamh O’Brien, Claire O’Donovan, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Lilijana Oruc, Sergi Papiol, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Amy Perry, Andrea Pfennig, Evgenia Porichi, James B. Potash, Digby Quested, Towfique Raj, Mark H. Rapaport, J. Raymond DePaulo, Eline J. Regeer, John P. Rice, Fabio Rivas, Margarita Rivera, Julian Roth, Panos Roussos, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Eva C. Schulte, Fanny Senner, Sally Sharp, Paul D. Shilling, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Lea Sirignano, Claire Slaney, Olav B. Smeland, Daniel J. Smith, Janet L. Sobell, Christine Søholm Hansen, Maria Soler Artigas, Anne T. Spijker, Dan J. Stein, John S. Strauss, Beata Świątkowska, Chikashi Terao, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Claudio Toma, Paul Tooney, Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini, Marquis P. Vawter, Helmut Vedder, James T. R. Walters, Stephanie H. Witt, Simon Xi, Wei Xu, Jessica Mei Kay Yang, Allan H. Young, Hannah Young, Peter P. Zandi, Hang Zhou, Lea Zillich, HUNT All-In Psychiatry, Rolf Adolfsson, Ingrid Agartz, Martin Alda, Lars Alfredsson, Gulja Babadjanova, Lena Backlund, Bernhard T. Baune, Frank Bellivier, Susanne Bengesser, Wade H. Berrettini, Douglas H. R. Blackwood, Michael Boehnke, Anders D. Børglum, Gerome Breen, Vaughan J. Carr, Stanley Catts, Aiden Corvin, Nicholas Craddock, Udo Dannlowski, Dimitris Dikeos, Tõnu Esko, Bruno Etain, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Mark Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Micha Gawlik, Elliot S. Gershon, Fernando S. Goes, Melissa J. Green, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Joanna Hauser, Frans Henskens, Jan Hillert, Kyung Sue Hong, David M. Hougaard, Christina M. Hultman, Kristian Hveem, Nakao Iwata, Assen V. Jablensky, Ian Jones, Lisa A. Jones, René S. Kahn, John R. Kelsoe, George Kirov, Mikael Landén, Marion Leboyer, Cathryn M. Lewis, Qingqin S. Li, Jolanta Lissowska, Christine Lochner, Carmel Loughland, Nicholas G. Martin, Carol A. Mathews, Fermin Mayoral, Susan L. McElroy, Andrew M. McIntosh, Francis J. McMahon, Ingrid Melle, Patricia Michie, Lili Milani, Philip B. Mitchell, Gunnar Morken, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Bryan Mowry, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Richard M. Myers, Benjamin M. Neale, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Merete Nordentoft, Markus M. Nöthen, Michael C. O’Donovan, Ketil J. Oedegaard, Tomas Olsson, Michael J. Owen, Sara A. Paciga, Chris Pantelis, Carlos Pato, Michele T. Pato, George P. Patrinos, Roy H. Perlis, Danielle Posthuma, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Andreas Reif, Eva Z. Reininghaus, Marta Ribasés, Marcella Rietschel, Stephan Ripke, Guy A. Rouleau, Takeo Saito, Ulrich Schall, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, Thomas G. Schulze, Laura J. Scott, Rodney J. Scott, Alessandro Serretti, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Jordan W. Smoller, Hreinn Stefansson, Kari Stefansson, Eystein Stordal, Fabian Streit, Patrick F. Sullivan, Gustavo Turecki, Arne E. Vaaler, Eduard Vieta, John B. Vincent, Irwin D. Waldman, Thomas W. Weickert, Thomas Werge, Naomi R. Wray, John-Anker Zwart, Joanna M. Biernacka, John I. Nurnberger, Sven Cichon, Howard J. Edenberg, Eli A. Stahl, Andrew McQuillin, Arianna Di Florio, Roel A. Ophoff, and Ole A. Andreassen
Subjects: Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Druggability, Genome-wide association study, Biology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, Expression quantitative trait loci, medicine, Bipolar disorder, Synaptic signaling, Prefrontal cortex, Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 41,917 BD cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. BD risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating eQTL data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to BD via gene expression, including druggable genes such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. This GWAS provides the best-powered BD polygenic scores to date, when applied in both European and diverse ancestry samples. Analyses of BD subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between BD type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of BD, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies.
Published: 2020

17. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology

Author: Niamh, Mullins, Andreas J, Forstner, Kevin S, O'Connell, Brandon, Coombes, Jonathan R I, Coleman, Zhen, Qiao, Thomas D, Als, Tim B, Bigdeli, Sigrid, Børte, Julien, Bryois, Alexander W, Charney, Ole Kristian, Drange, Michael J, Gandal, Saskia P, Hagenaars, Masashi, Ikeda, Nolan, Kamitaki, Minsoo, Kim, Kristi, Krebs, Georgia, Panagiotaropoulou, Brian M, Schilder, Laura G, Sloofman, Stacy, Steinberg, Vassily, Trubetskoy, Bendik S, Winsvold, Hong-Hee, Won, Liliya, Abramova, Kristina, Adorjan, Esben, Agerbo, Mariam, Al Eissa, Diego, Albani, Ney, Alliey-Rodriguez, Adebayo, Anjorin, Verneri, Antilla, Anastasia, Antoniou, Swapnil, Awasthi, Ji Hyun, Baek, Marie, Bækvad-Hansen, Nicholas, Bass, Michael, Bauer, Eva C, Beins, Sarah E, Bergen, Armin, Birner, Carsten, Bøcker Pedersen, Erlend, Bøen, Marco P, Boks, Rosa, Bosch, Murielle, Brum, Ben M, Brumpton, Nathalie, Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Monika, Budde, Jonas, Bybjerg-Grauholm, William, Byerley, Murray, Cairns, Miquel, Casas, Pablo, Cervantes, Toni-Kim, Clarke, Cristiana, Cruceanu, Alfredo, Cuellar-Barboza, Julie, Cunningham, David, Curtis, Piotr M, Czerski, Anders M, Dale, Nina, Dalkner, Friederike S, David, Franziska, Degenhardt, Srdjan, Djurovic, Amanda L, Dobbyn, Athanassios, Douzenis, Torbjørn, Elvsåshagen, Valentina, Escott-Price, I Nicol, Ferrier, Alessia, Fiorentino, Tatiana M, Foroud, Liz, Forty, Josef, Frank, Oleksandr, Frei, Nelson B, Freimer, Louise, Frisén, Katrin, Gade, Julie, Garnham, Joel, Gelernter, Marianne, Giørtz Pedersen, Ian R, Gizer, Scott D, Gordon, Katherine, Gordon-Smith, Tiffany A, Greenwood, Jakob, Grove, José, Guzman-Parra, Kyooseob, Ha, Magnus, Haraldsson, Martin, Hautzinger, Urs, Heilbronner, Dennis, Hellgren, Stefan, Herms, Per, Hoffmann, Peter A, Holmans, Laura, Huckins, Stéphane, Jamain, Jessica S, Johnson, Janos L, Kalman, Yoichiro, Kamatani, James L, Kennedy, Sarah, Kittel-Schneider, James A, Knowles, Manolis, Kogevinas, Maria, Koromina, Thorsten M, Kranz, Henry R, Kranzler, Michiaki, Kubo, Ralph, Kupka, Steven A, Kushner, Catharina, Lavebratt, Jacob, Lawrence, Markus, Leber, Heon-Jeong, Lee, Phil H, Lee, Shawn E, Levy, Catrin, Lewis, Calwing, Liao, Susanne, Lucae, Martin, Lundberg, Donald J, MacIntyre, Sigurdur H, Magnusson, Wolfgang, Maier, Adam, Maihofer, Dolores, Malaspina, Eirini, Maratou, Lina, Martinsson, Manuel, Mattheisen, Steven A, McCarroll, Nathaniel W, McGregor, Peter, McGuffin, James D, McKay, Helena, Medeiros, Sarah E, Medland, Vincent, Millischer, Grant W, Montgomery, Jennifer L, Moran, Derek W, Morris, Thomas W, Mühleisen, Niamh, O'Brien, Claire, O'Donovan, Loes M, Olde Loohuis, Lilijana, Oruc, Sergi, Papiol, Antonio F, Pardiñas, Amy, Perry, Andrea, Pfennig, Evgenia, Porichi, James B, Potash, Digby, Quested, Towfique, Raj, Mark H, Rapaport, J Raymond, DePaulo, Eline J, Regeer, John P, Rice, Fabio, Rivas, Margarita, Rivera, Julian, Roth, Panos, Roussos, Douglas M, Ruderfer, Cristina, Sánchez-Mora, Eva C, Schulte, Fanny, Senner, Sally, Sharp, Paul D, Shilling, Engilbert, Sigurdsson, Lea, Sirignano, Claire, Slaney, Olav B, Smeland, Daniel J, Smith, Janet L, Sobell, Christine, Søholm Hansen, Maria, Soler Artigas, Anne T, Spijker, Dan J, Stein, John S, Strauss, Beata, Świątkowska, Chikashi, Terao, Thorgeir E, Thorgeirsson, Claudio, Toma, Paul, Tooney, Evangelia-Eirini, Tsermpini, Marquis P, Vawter, Helmut, Vedder, James T R, Walters, Stephanie H, Witt, Simon, Xi, Wei, Xu, Jessica Mei Kay, Yang, Allan H, Young, Hannah, Young, Peter P, Zandi, Hang, Zhou, Lea, Zillich, Rolf, Adolfsson, Ingrid, Agartz, Martin, Alda, Lars, Alfredsson, Gulja, Babadjanova, Lena, Backlund, Bernhard T, Baune, Frank, Bellivier, Susanne, Bengesser, Wade H, Berrettini, Douglas H R, Blackwood, Michael, Boehnke, Anders D, Børglum, Gerome, Breen, Vaughan J, Carr, Stanley, Catts, Aiden, Corvin, Nicholas, Craddock, Udo, Dannlowski, Dimitris, Dikeos, Tõnu, Esko, Bruno, Etain, Panagiotis, Ferentinos, Mark, Frye, Janice M, Fullerton, Micha, Gawlik, Elliot S, Gershon, Fernando S, Goes, Melissa J, Green, Maria, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Joanna, Hauser, Frans, Henskens, Jan, Hillert, Kyung Sue, Hong, David M, Hougaard, Christina M, Hultman, Kristian, Hveem, Nakao, Iwata, Assen V, Jablensky, Ian, Jones, Lisa A, Jones, René S, Kahn, John R, Kelsoe, George, Kirov, Mikael, Landén, Marion, Leboyer, Cathryn M, Lewis, Qingqin S, Li, Jolanta, Lissowska, Christine, Lochner, Carmel, Loughland, Nicholas G, Martin, Carol A, Mathews, Fermin, Mayoral, Susan L, McElroy, Andrew M, McIntosh, Francis J, McMahon, Ingrid, Melle, Patricia, Michie, Lili, Milani, Philip B, Mitchell, Gunnar, Morken, Ole, Mors, Preben Bo, Mortensen, Bryan, Mowry, Bertram, Müller-Myhsok, Richard M, Myers, Benjamin M, Neale, Caroline M, Nievergelt, Merete, Nordentoft, Markus M, Nöthen, Michael C, O'Donovan, Ketil J, Oedegaard, Tomas, Olsson, Michael J, Owen, Sara A, Paciga, Chris, Pantelis, Carlos, Pato, Michele T, Pato, George P, Patrinos, Roy H, Perlis, Danielle, Posthuma, Josep Antoni, Ramos-Quiroga, Andreas, Reif, Eva Z, Reininghaus, Marta, Ribasés, Marcella, Rietschel, Stephan, Ripke, Guy A, Rouleau, Takeo, Saito, Ulrich, Schall, Martin, Schalling, Peter R, Schofield, Thomas G, Schulze, Laura J, Scott, Rodney J, Scott, Alessandro, Serretti, Cynthia, Shannon Weickert, Jordan W, Smoller, Hreinn, Stefansson, Kari, Stefansson, Eystein, Stordal, Fabian, Streit, Patrick F, Sullivan, Gustavo, Turecki, Arne E, Vaaler, Eduard, Vieta, John B, Vincent, Irwin D, Waldman, Thomas W, Weickert, Thomas, Werge, Naomi R, Wray, John-Anker, Zwart, Joanna M, Biernacka, John I, Nurnberger, Sven, Cichon, Howard J, Edenberg, Eli A, Stahl, Andrew, McQuillin, Arianna, Di Florio, Roel A, Ophoff, and Ole A, Andreassen
Subjects: Major Histocompatibility Complex, Multifactorial Inheritance, Bipolar Disorder, Phenotype, Genome, Human, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Quantitative Trait Loci, Chromosomes, Human, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. Bipolar disorder risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating expression quantitative trait locus data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to bipolar disorder via gene expression, encoding druggable targets such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. Analyses of bipolar disorder subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between bipolar disorder type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of bipolar disorder, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies.
Published: 2020

18. Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia:Updated recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology

Author: Thomas RE Barnes, Richard Drake, Carol Paton, Stephen J Cooper, Bill Deakin, I Nicol Ferrier, Catherine J Gregory, Peter M Haddad, Oliver D Howes, Ian Jones, Eileen M Joyce, Shôn Lewis, Anne Lingford-Hughes, James H MacCabe, David Cunningham Owens, Maxine X Patel, Julia MA Sinclair, James M Stone, Peter S Talbot, Rachel Upthegrove, Angelika Wieck, and Alison R Yung
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based practice, Psychotherapist, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, Guideline, Relapse prevention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Psychiatry, Pharmacology, psychopharmacology, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, Standard treatment, Evidence-based medicine, United Kingdom, 030227 psychiatry, schizophrenia, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract: These guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology address the scope and targets of pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia. A consensus meeting, involving experts in schizophrenia and its treatment, reviewed key areas and considered the strength of evidence and clinical implications. The guidelines were drawn up after extensive feedback from the participants and interested parties, and cover the pharmacological management and treatment of schizophrenia across the various stages of the illness, including first-episode, relapse prevention, and illness that has proved refractory to standard treatment. The practice recommendations presented are based on the available evidence to date, and seek to clarify which interventions are of proven benefit. It is hoped that the recommendations will help to inform clinical decision making for practitioners, and perhaps also serve as a source of information for patients and carers. They are accompanied by a more detailed qualitative review of the available evidence. The strength of supporting evidence for each recommendation is rated.
Published: 2020

19. Deep learning-based automated speech detection as a marker of social functioning in late-life depression

Author: Peter Gallagher, I. Nicol Ferrier, Roisin McNaney, Patrick Olivier, Karim Ladha, Bethany Little, John T. O'Brien, Daniel Stow, Cassim Ladha, Thomas Ploetz, Ossama S. Alshabrawy, Jaume Bacardit, Dan Jackson, Little, Bethany [0000-0003-1300-0176], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Aging, speech, Social Interaction, Audiology, Neuropsychological Tests, B800, late-life depression, 03 medical and health sciences, Wearable Electronic Devices, 0302 clinical medicine, wearable technology, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Attention, Applied Psychology, Wearable technology, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Psychomotor learning, Aged, 80 and over, Depressive Disorder, Major, Voice activity detection, medicine.diagnostic_test, Psychomotor retardation, business.industry, G400, deep learning, Neuropsychological test, Original Articles, Late life depression, Social relation, 030227 psychiatry, C800, Psychiatry and Mental health, Ageing, social functioning, England, Case-Control Studies, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Psychology, Social Adjustment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundLate-life depression (LLD) is associated with poor social functioning. However, previous research uses bias-prone self-report scales to measure social functioning and a more objective measure is lacking. We tested a novel wearable device to measure speech that participants encounter as an indicator of social interaction.MethodsTwenty nine participants with LLD and 29 age-matched controls wore a wrist-worn device continuously for seven days, which recorded their acoustic environment. Acoustic data were automatically analysed using deep learning models that had been developed and validated on an independent speech dataset. Total speech activity and the proportion of speech produced by the device wearer were both detected whilst maintaining participants' privacy. Participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery and clinical and self-report scales to measure severity of depression, general and social functioning.ResultsCompared to controls, participants with LLD showed poorer self-reported social and general functioning. Total speech activity was much lower for participants with LLD than controls, with no overlap between groups. The proportion of speech produced by the participants was smaller for LLD than controls. In LLD, both speech measures correlated with attention and psychomotor speed performance but not with depression severity or self-reported social functioning.ConclusionsUsing this device, LLD was associated with lower levels of speech than controls and speech activity was related to psychomotor retardation. We have demonstrated that speech activity measured by wearable technology differentiated LLD from controls with high precision and, in this study, provided an objective measure of an aspect of real-world social functioning in LLD.
Published: 2019
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20. Non-literal understanding and psychosis : metaphor comprehension in individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia

Author: Ellen Palmer, Wolfram Hinzen, Felicity Deamer, Andreas Finkelmeyer, Nicol Ferrier, Stuart Watson, and Quoc C. Vuong
Subjects: Elementary cognitive task, Psychosis, Metaphor, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Literal and figurative language, behavioral disciplines and activities, lcsh:RC346-429, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Theory of mind, medicine, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, media_common, medicine.disease, humanities, 030227 psychiatry, Associative learning, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Psychology, Non-literal language, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diagnosis of schizophrenia, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Previous studies suggest that understanding of non-literal expressions, and in particular metaphors, can be impaired in people with schizophrenia; although it is not clear why. We explored metaphor comprehension capacity using a novel picture selection paradigm; we compared task performance between people with schizophrenia and healthy comparator subjects and we further examined the relationships between the ability to interpret figurative expressions non-literally and performance on a number of other cognitive tasks. Eye-tracking was used to examine task strategy. We showed that even when IQ, years of education, and capacities for theory of mind and associative learning are factored in as covariates, patients are significantly more likely to interpret metaphorical expressions literally, despite eye-tracking findings suggesting that patients are following the same interpretation strategy as healthy controls. Inhibitory control deficits are likely to be one of multiple factors contributing to the poorer performance of our schizophrenia group on the metaphor trials of the picture selection task. Keywords: Metaphor, Schizophrenia, Non-literal language, Psychosis
Published: 2019

21. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in major depression and bipolar disorder

Author: Janet D. Carter, Lucy Robinson, Richard J Porter, Virginia V.W. McIntosh, Stuart Watson, Allan H. Young, Chris Frampton, Katie M Douglas, Peter Gallagher, and I. Nicol Ferrier
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, medicine.medical_treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Bipolar disorder, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Psychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Intelligence Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schema therapy, Psychomotor learning, Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, business.industry, Neuropsychology, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antidepressive Agents, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Treatment Outcome, Mood, Mood disorders, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objectives The current study examines prevalence of cognitive impairment in four mood disorder samples, using four definitions of impairment. The impact of premorbid IQ on prevalence was examined, and the influence of treatment response. Methods Samples were: (i) 58 inpatients in a current severe depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar), (ii) 69 unmedicated outpatients in a mild to moderate depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar), (iii) 56 outpatients with bipolar disorder, in a depressive episode, and (iv) 63 outpatients with bipolar disorder, currently euthymic. Cognitive assessment was conducted after treatment in Studies 1 (6 weeks of antidepressant treatment commenced on admission) and 2 (16-week course of cognitive behaviour therapy or schema therapy), allowing the impact of treatment response to be assessed. All mood disorder samples were compared with healthy control groups. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was highest for the inpatient depression sample (Study 1), and lowest for the outpatient depression sample (Study 2). Substantial variability in rates was observed depending on the definition of impairment used. Correcting cognitive performance for premorbid IQ had a significant impact on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the inpatient depression sample. There was minimal evidence that treatment response impacted on prevalence of cognitive impairment, except in the domain of psychomotor speed in inpatients. Conclusions As interventions aiming to improve cognitive outcomes in mood disorders receive increasing research focus, the issue of setting a cut-off level of cognitive impairment for screening purposes becomes a priority. This analysis demonstrates important differences in samples likely to be recruited depending on the definition of cognitive impairment and begins to examine the importance of premorbid IQ in determining who is impaired.
Published: 2018

22. Pharmacological management of unipolar affective disorder

Author: McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish and Nicol Ferrier, I.
Published: 2006
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23. Antiglucocorticoids in the treatment of affective disorders: from preclinical to clinical studies

Author: Gartside, Sarah E., primary, Reid, Keith S., additional, and Nicol Ferrier, I., additional
Published: 2009
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24. Genome-wide association study of CNVs in 16,000 cases of eight common diseases and 3,000 shared controls

Author: Craddock, Nick, Hurles, Matthew E., Cardin, Niall, Pearson, Richard D., Plagnol, Vincent, Robson, Samuel, Vukcevic, Damjan, Barnes, Chris, Conrad, Donald F., Giannoulatou, Eleni, Holmes, Chris, Marchini, Jonathan L., Stirrups, Kathy, Tobin, Martin D., Wain, Louise V., Yau, Chris, Aerts, Jan, Ahmad, Tariq, Daniel Andrews, T., Arbury, Hazel, Attwood, Anthony, Auton, Adam, Ball, Stephen G., Balmforth, Anthony J., Barrett, Jeffrey C., Barroso, Inês, Barton, Anne, Bennett, Amanda J., Bhaskar, Sanjeev, Blaszczyk, Katarzyna, Bowes, John, Brand, Oliver J., Braund, Peter S., Bredin, Francesca, Breen, Gerome, Brown, Morris J., Bruce, Ian N., Bull, Jaswinder, Burren, Oliver S., Burton, John, Byrnes, Jake, Caesar, Sian, Clee, Chris M., Coffey, Alison J., Connell, John M. C., Cooper, Jason D., Dominiczak, Anna F., Downes, Kate, Drummond, Hazel E., Dudakia, Darshna, Dunham, Andrew, Ebbs, Bernadette, Eccles, Diana, Edkins, Sarah, Edwards, Cathryn, Elliot, Anna, Emery, Paul, Evans, David M., Evans, Gareth, Eyre, Steve, Farmer, Anne, Nicol Ferrier, I., Feuk, Lars, Fitzgerald, Tomas, Flynn, Edward, Forbes, Alistair, Forty, Liz, Franklyn, Jayne A., Freathy, Rachel M., Gibbs, Polly, Gilbert, Paul, Gokumen, Omer, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Gray, Emma, Green, Elaine, Groves, Chris J., Grozeva, Detelina, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hall, Anita, Hammond, Naomi, Hardy, Matt, Harrison, Pile, Hassanali, Neelam, Hebaishi, Husam, Hines, Sarah, Hinks, Anne, Hitman, Graham A, Hocking, Lynne, Howard, Eleanor, Howard, Philip, Howson, Joanna M. M., Hughes, Debbie, Hunt, Sarah, Isaacs, John D., Jain, Mahim, Jewell, Derek P., Johnson, Toby, Jolley, Jennifer D., Jones, Ian R., Jones, Lisa A., Kirov, George, Langford, Cordelia F., Lango-Allen, Hana, Mark Lathrop, G., Lee, James, Lee, Kate L., Lees, Charlie, Lewis, Kevin, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Maisuria-Armer, Meeta, Maller, Julian, Mansfield, John, Martin, Paul, Massey, Dunecan C. O., McArdle, Wendy L., McGuffin, Peter, McLay, Kirsten E., Mentzer, Alex, Mimmack, Michael L., Morgan, Ann E., Morris, Andrew P., Mowat, Craig, Myers, Simon, Newman, William, Nimmo, Elaine R., O’Donovan, Michael C., Onipinla, Abiodun, Onyiah, Ifejinelo, Ovington, Nigel R., Owen, Michael J., Palin, Kimmo, Parnell, Kirstie, Pernet, David, Perry, John R. B., Phillips, Anne, Pinto, Dalila, Prescott, Natalie J., Prokopenko, Inga, Quail, Michael A., Rafelt, Suzanne, Rayner, Nigel W., Redon, Richard, Reid, David M., Renwick, Anthony, Ring, Susan M., Robertson, Neil, Russell, Ellie, St Clair, David, Sambrook, Jennifer G., Sanderson, Jeremy D., Schuilenburg, Helen, Scott, Carol E., Scott, Richard, Seal, Sheila, Shaw-Hawkins, Sue, Shields, Beverley M., Simmonds, Matthew J., Smyth, Debbie J., Somaskantharajah, Elilan, Spanova, Katarina, Steer, Sophia, Stephens, Jonathan, Stevens, Helen E., Stone, Millicent A., Su, Zhan, Symmons, Deborah P. M., Thompson, John R., Thomson, Wendy, Travers, Mary E., Turnbull, Clare, Valsesia, Armand, Walker, Mark, Walker, Neil M., Wallace, Chris, Warren-Perry, Margaret, Watkins, Nicholas A., Webster, John, Weedon, Michael N., Wilson, Anthony G., Woodburn, Matthew, Wordsworth, Paul B., Young, Allan H., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Carter, Nigel P., Frayling, Timothy M., Lee, Charles, McVean, Gil, Munroe, Patricia B., Palotie, Aarno, Sawcer, Stephen J., Scherer, Stephen W., Strachan, David P., Tyler-Smith, Chris, Brown, Matthew A., Burton, Paul R., Caulfield, Mark J., Compston, Alastair, Farrall, Martin, Gough, Stephen C. L., Hall, Alistair S., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hill, Adrian V. S., Mathew, Christopher G., Pembrey, Marcus, Satsangi, Jack, Stratton, Michael R., Worthington, Jane, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Kwiatkowski, Dominic P., McCarthy, Mark I., Ouwehand, Willem H., Parkes, Miles, Rahman, Nazneen, Todd, John A., Samani, Nilesh J., and Donnelly, Peter
Published: 2010
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25. The Place of ECT and Related Treatments in Contemporary UK Psychiatry

Author: I Nicol Ferrier
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, business, Psychiatry
Published: 2019

26. ECT in the Treatment of Depression

Author: I Nicol Ferrier
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Psychiatry, business, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Published: 2019

27. Disturbing the rhythm of thought: speech pausing patterns in schizophrenia, with and without formal thought disorder v1

Author: Derya Cokal, Vitor Zimmerer, Douglas Turkington, Nicol Ferrier, Rosemary Varley, Stuart Watson, and Wolfram Hinzen
Subjects: 16. Peace & justice
Abstract: Everyday speech is produced with an intricate timing pattern and rhythm. Speech units follow each other with short interleaving pauses, which can be either bridged by fillers (erm, ah) or empty. Through their syntactic positions, pauses connect to the thoughts expressed. We investigated whether disturbances of thought in schizophrenia are manifest in patterns at this level of linguistic organization, whether these are seen in first degree relatives (FDR) and how specific they are to formal thought disorder (FTD). Spontaneous speech from 15 participants without FTD (SZ-FTD), 15 with FTD (SZ+FTD), 15 FDRs and 15 neurotypical controls (NC) was obtained from a storytelling task and rated for pauses subclassified by syntactic position and duration. SZ-FTD produced significantly more unfilled pauses than NC in utterance-initial positions and before embedded clauses. Unfilled pauses occurring withinclausal units did not distinguish any groups. SZ-FTD also differed from SZ+FTD in producing significantly more pauses before embedded clauses. SZ+FTD differed from NC and FDR only in ‘long’ (between 1 and 3 seconds) utterance-initial pauses. FDRs produced significantly fewer fillers than NC. Results reveal that the temporal organization of speech is an important window on disturbances of the thought process and how these relate to language.
Published: 2019

28. Impaired working memory monitoring in euthymic bipolar patients

Author: Thompson, Jill M, Gray, John M, Hughes, John H, Watson, Stuart, Young, Allan H, and Nicol Ferrier, I
Published: 2007

29. The nature of abnormal language processing in euthymic bipolar I disorder: evidence for a relationship between task demand and prefrontal function

Author: Curtis, Vivienne A, Thompson, Jill M, Seal, Marc L, Monks, Paul J, Lloyd, Adrian J, Harrison, Louise, Brammer, Michael J, Williams, Steve CR, Murray, Robin M, Young, Allan H, and Nicol Ferrier, I
Published: 2007

30. Disturbing the rhythm of thought: Speech pausing patterns in schizophrenia, with and without formal thought disorder

Author: Douglas Turkington, Nicol Ferrier, Rosemary Varley, Wolfram Hinzen, Vitor Zimmerer, Derya Çokal, and Stuart Watson
Subjects: Male, Social Sciences, Audiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Neurolinguistics, Language, Grammar, Multidisciplinary, Covariance, 05 social sciences, Middle Aged, Duration (music), Schizophrenia, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Engineering and Technology, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, medicine.symptom, Neurotypical, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Rhythm, Mental Health and Psychiatry, medicine, Humans, Speech, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Syntax, Thought disorder, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Linguistics, Random Variables, medicine.disease, Probability Theory, Speech Signal Processing, Signal Processing, Cognitive Science, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Mathematics, Comic strip, Neuroscience
Abstract: Everyday speech is produced with an intricate timing pattern and rhythm. Speech units follow each other with short interleaving pauses, which can be either bridged by fillers (erm, ah) or empty. Through their syntactic positions, pauses connect to the thoughts expressed. We investigated whether disturbances of thought in schizophrenia are manifest in patterns at this level of linguistic organization, whether these are seen in first degree relatives (FDR) and how specific they are to formal thought disorder (FTD). Spontaneous speech from 15 participants without FTD (SZ-FTD), 15 with FTD (SZ+FTD), 15 FDRs and 15 neurotypical controls (NC) was obtained from a comic strip retelling task and rated for pauses subclassified by syntactic position and duration. SZ-FTD produced significantly more unfilled pauses than NC in utterance-initial positions and before embedded clauses. Unfilled pauses occurring within clausal units did not distinguish any groups. SZ-FTD also differed from SZ+FTD in producing significantly more pauses before embedded clauses. SZ+FTD differed from NC and FDR only in producing longer utterance-initial pauses. FDRs produced significantly fewer fillers than NC. Results reveal that the temporal organization of speech is an important window on disturbances of the thought process and how these relate to language. This research was supported by the Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust (including Research Capability Funding), the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AH/L004070/1 to W.H.), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spanish Government (FFI2016-77647-C2-1-P to W.H.), and Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR-1265 to W.H.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Published: 2018

31. Automatic processing of emotional stimuli in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder

Author: Anthony Redhead, I. Nicol Ferrier, Gabriele Jordan, and Thomas Meyer
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, media_common.quotation_subject, Emotions, Audiology, Affect (psychology), Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Bipolar disorder, Depression (differential diagnoses), media_common, Information processing, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Sample size determination, Facilitation, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Biased information processing styles are a core feature of cognitive models of unipolar depression (UD). The manic-defence hypothesis (MDH) posits that UD and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are subject partially to the same underlying cognitive processes, which may act as putative vulnerability factors. Previous studies have used experimental paradigms as a way of measuring automatic (non-intentional) processing of emotional information in order to test the MDH with some studies providing some evidence for a negatively biased automatic processing of emotionally-relevant information in BD. However, most prior studies used supraliminal stimuli (i.e. presented above perceptual threshold). Based on the MDH we predicted that subliminally presented negative stimuli will affect performance of patients with BD differently than non-clinical participants, but similarly to what has been observed in prior studies with currently depressed patients. Methods The current study used an affective priming paradigm with both supraliminally and subliminally presented emotional images as primes to measure automatic processing. Seventeen euthymic individuals with a BD diagnosis were recruited along with seventeen non-clinical control participants (NCC) matched for age and gender. Results We found interference (increased response times) due to masked, subliminally presented negative primes in patients with BD when negative prime images were followed by negative targets, but decreased response times (facilitation) in NCCs. Limitations We did not include a psychiatric control group and the sample size was small. Conclusion Our findings suggest that euthymic patients with BD do exhibit an affective bias suggesting an increased sensitivity to negative emotional information even when euthymic.
Published: 2016

32. A Method to Exploit the Structure of Genetic Ancestry Space to Enhance Case-Control Studies

Author: Corneliu A. Bodea, Benjamin M. Neale, Stephan Ripke, Mark J. Daly, Bernie Devlin, Kathryn Roeder, Murray Barclay, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Mathias Chamaillard, Jean-Frederick Colombel, Mario Cottone, Anthony Croft, Renata D’Incà, Jonas Halfvarson, Katherine Hanigan, Paul Henderson, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Amir Karban, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Mohammed Azam Khan, Marc Lémann, Arie Levine, Dunecan Massey, Monica Milla, Grant W. Montgomery, Sok Meng Evelyn Ng, Ioannis Oikonomou, Harald Peeters, Deborah D. Proctor, Jean-Francois Rahier, Rebecca Roberts, Paul Rutgeerts, Frank Seibold, Laura Stronati, Kirstin M. Taylor, Leif Törkvist, Kullak Ublick, Johan Van Limbergen, Andre Van Gossum, Morten H. Vatn, Hu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jane M. Andrews, Peter A. Bampton, Timothy H. Florin, Richard Gearry, Krupa Krishnaprasad, Ian C. Lawrance, Gillian Mahy, Graham Radford-Smith, Rebecca L. Roberts, Lisa A. Simms, Leila Amininijad, Isabelle Cleynen, Olivier Dewit, Denis Franchimont, Michel Georges, Debby Laukens, Emilie Theatre, André Van Gossum, Severine Vermeire, Guy Aumais, Leonard Baidoo, Arthur M. Barrie, Karen Beck, Edmond-Jean Bernard, David G. Binion, Alain Bitton, Steve R. Brant, Judy H. Cho, Albert Cohen, Kenneth Croitoru, Lisa W. Datta, Colette Deslandres, Richard H. Duerr, Debra Dutridge, John Ferguson, Joann Fultz, Philippe Goyette, Gordon R. Greenberg, Talin Haritunians, Gilles Jobin, Seymour Katz, Raymond G. Lahaie, Dermot P. McGovern, Linda Nelson, Sok Meng Ng, Kaida Ning, Pierre Paré, Miguel D. Regueiro, John D. Rioux, Elizabeth Ruggiero, L. Philip Schumm, Marc Schwartz, Regan Scott, Yashoda Sharma, Mark S. Silverberg, Denise Spears, A. Hillary Steinhart, Joanne M. Stempak, Jason M. Swoger, Constantina Tsagarelis, Clarence Zhang, Hongyu Zhao, Jan Aerts, Tariq Ahmad, Hazel Arbury, Anthony Attwood, Adam Auton, Stephen G. Ball, Anthony J. Balmforth, Chris Barnes, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Inês Barroso, Anne Barton, Amanda J. Bennett, Sanjeev Bhaskar, Katarzyna Blaszczyk, John Bowes, Oliver J. Brand, Peter S. Braund, Francesca Bredin, Gerome Breen, Morris J. Brown, Ian N. Bruce, Jaswinder Bull, Oliver S. Burren, John Burton, Jake Byrnes, Sian Caesar, Niall Cardin, Chris M. Clee, Alison J. Coffey, John M.C. Connell, Donald F. Conrad, Jason D. Cooper, Anna F. Dominiczak, Kate Downes, Hazel E. Drummond, Darshna Dudakia, Andrew Dunham, Bernadette Ebbs, Diana Eccles, Sarah Edkins, Cathryn Edwards, Anna Elliot, Paul Emery, David M. Evans, Gareth Evans, Steve Eyre, Anne Farmer, Nicol Ferrier, Edward Flynn, Alistair Forbes, Liz Forty, Jayne A. Franklyn, Timothy M. Frayling, Rachel M. Freathy, Eleni Giannoulatou, Polly Gibbs, Paul Gilbert, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Emma Gray, Elaine Green, Chris J. Groves, Detelina Grozeva, Rhian Gwilliam, Anita Hall, Naomi Hammond, Matt Hardy, Pile Harrison, Neelam Hassanali, Husam Hebaishi, Sarah Hines, Anne Hinks, Graham A. Hitman, Lynne Hocking, Chris Holmes, Eleanor Howard, Philip Howard, Joanna M.M. Howson, Debbie Hughes, Sarah Hunt, John D. Isaacs, Mahim Jain, Derek P. Jewell, Toby Johnson, Jennifer D. Jolley, Ian R. Jones, Lisa A. Jones, George Kirov, Cordelia F. Langford, Hana Lango-Allen, G. Mark Lathrop, James Lee, Kate L. Lee, Charlie Lees, Kevin Lewis, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Meeta Maisuria-Armer, Julian Maller, John Mansfield, Jonathan L. Marchini, Paul Martin, Dunecan C.O. Massey, Wendy L. McArdle, Peter McGuffin, Kirsten E. McLay, Gil McVean, Alex Mentzer, Michael L. Mimmack, Ann E. Morgan, Andrew P. Morris, Craig Mowat, Patricia B. Munroe, Simon Myers, William Newman, Elaine R. Nimmo, Michael C. O’Donovan, Abiodun Onipinla, Nigel R. Ovington, Michael J. Owen, Kimmo Palin, Aarno Palotie, Kirstie Parnell, Richard Pearson, David Pernet, John R.B. Perry, Anne Phillips, Vincent Plagnol, Natalie J. Prescott, Inga Prokopenko, Michael A. Quail, Suzanne Rafelt, Nigel W. Rayner, David M. Reid, Anthony Renwick, Susan M. Ring, Neil Robertson, Samuel Robson, Ellie Russell, David St Clair, Jennifer G. Sambrook, Jeremy D. Sanderson, Stephen J. Sawcer, Helen Schuilenburg, Carol E. Scott, Richard Scott, Sheila Seal, Sue Shaw-Hawkins, Beverley M. Shields, Matthew J. Simmonds, Debbie J. Smyth, Elilan Somaskantharajah, Katarina Spanova, Sophia Steer, Jonathan Stephens, Helen E. Stevens, Kathy Stirrups, Millicent A. Stone, David P. Strachan, Zhan Su, Deborah P.M. Symmons, John R. Thompson, Wendy Thomson, Martin D. Tobin, Mary E. Travers, Clare Turnbull, Damjan Vukcevic, Louise V. Wain, Mark Walker, Neil M. Walker, Chris Wallace, Margaret Warren-Perry, Nicholas A. Watkins, John Webster, Michael N. Weedon, Anthony G. Wilson, Matthew Woodburn, B. Paul Wordsworth, Chris Yau, Allan H. Young, Eleftheria Zeggini, Matthew A. Brown, Paul R. Burton, Mark J. Caulfield, Alastair Compston, Martin Farrall, Stephen C.L. Gough, Alistair S. Hall, Andrew T. Hattersley, Adrian V.S. Hill, Christopher G. Mathew, Marcus Pembrey, Jack Satsangi, Michael R. Stratton, Jane Worthington, Matthew E. Hurles, Audrey Duncanson, Willem H. Ouwehand, Miles Parkes, Nazneen Rahman, John A. Todd, Nilesh J. Samani, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Mark I. McCarthy, Nick Craddock, Panos Deloukas, Peter Donnelly, Jenefer M. Blackwell, Elvira Bramon, Juan P. Casas, Aiden Corvin, Janusz Jankowski, Hugh S. Markus, Colin N.A. Palmer, Robert Plomin, Anna Rautanen, Richard C. Trembath, Ananth C. Viswanathan, Nicholas W. Wood, Chris C.A. Spencer, Gavin Band, Céline Bellenguez, Colin Freeman, Garrett Hellenthal, Matti Pirinen, Amy Strange, Hannah Blackburn, Suzannah J. Bumpstead, Serge Dronov, Matthew Gillman, Alagurevathi Jayakumar, Owen T. McCann, Jennifer Liddle, Simon C. Potter, Radhi Ravindrarajah, Michelle Ricketts, Matthew Waller, Paul Weston, Sara Widaa, Pamela Whittaker, UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de gastro-entérologie, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, and Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Heredity, Genetics, Genetics (clinical), Computer science, Genetic Linkage, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, 030105 genetics & heredity, computer.software_genre, Bayes' theorem, Gene Frequency, HISTORY, IMPUTATION, False positive paradox, Genetics(clinical), Disease, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 030305 genetics & heredity, Inheritance (genetic algorithm), Genotype, DATABASE, Genetic genealogy, POWER, Population, Genomics, POPULATION STRATIFICATION, Biology, INHERITANCE, Population stratification, Machine learning, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, education, Allele frequency, FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, business.industry, Bayes Theorem, DISEASE ASSOCIATION, Human genetics, Hierarchical clustering, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, 3111 Biomedicine, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Software, Imputation (genetics)
Abstract: A. Palotie on työryhmän Int IBD Genetics Consortium jäsen. One goal of human genetics is to understand the genetic basis of disease, a challenge for diseases of complex inheritance because risk alleles are few relative to the vast set of benign variants. Risk variants are often sought by association studies in which allele frequencies in case subjects are contrasted with those from population-based samples used as control subjects. In an ideal world we would know population-level allele frequencies, releasing researchers to focus on case subjects. We argue this ideal is possible, at least theoretically, and we outline a path to achieving it in reality. If such a resource were to exist, it would yield ample savings and would facilitate the effective use of data repositories by removing administrative and technical barriers. We call this concept the Universal Control Repository Network (UNICORN), a means to perform association analyses without necessitating direct access to individual-level control data. Our approach to UNICORN uses existing genetic resources and various statistical tools to analyze these data, including hierarchical clustering with spectral analysis of ancestry; and empirical Bayesian analysis along with Gaussian spatial processes to estimate ancestry-specific allele frequencies. We demonstrate our approach using tens of thousands of control subjects from studies of Crohn disease, showing how it controls false positives, provides power similar to that achieved when all control data are directly accessible, and enhances power when control data are limiting or even imperfectly matched ancestrally. These results highlight how UNICORN can enable reliable, powerful, and convenient genetic association analyses without access to the individual-level data.
Published: 2016

33. Antidepressant augmentation with metyrapone for treatment-resistant depression (the ADD study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author: I. Nicol Ferrier, Simon H. S. Pearce, Stuart Watson, Baxi Sinha, Nick Steen, Ian M. Anderson, Adrian J. Lloyd, R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Heinz Grunze, June Wainwright, Peter M. Haddad, Peter Gallagher, Tom Hughes, Elaine McColl, Fiona H Winter, Najma Siddiqi, Andreas Finkelmeyer, and Chrysovalanto Mamasoula
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, Placebo-controlled study, Placebo, law.invention, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, education, Biological Psychiatry, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Major, education.field_of_study, Metyrapone, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antidepressive Agents, 030227 psychiatry, Clinical trial, Psychiatry and Mental health, Treatment Outcome, Major depressive disorder, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Treatment-resistant depression, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Summary Background Many patients with major depressive disorder have treatment-resistant depression, defined as no adequate response to two consecutive courses of antidepressants. Some evidence suggests that antiglucocorticoid augmentation of antidepressants might be efficacious in patients with major depressive disorder. We aimed to test the proof of concept of metyrapone for the augmentation of serotonergic antidepressants in the clinically relevant population of patients with treatment-resistant depression. Methods This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial recruited patients from seven UK National Health Service (NHS) Mental Health Trusts from three areas (northeast England, northwest England, and the Leeds and Bradford area). Eligible patients were aged 18–65 years with treatment-resistant depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item score of ≥18 and a Massachusetts General Hospital Treatment-Resistant Depression staging score of 2–10) and taking a single-agent or combination antidepressant treatment that included a serotonergic drug. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) through a centralised web-based system to metyrapone (500 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to their existing antidepressant regimen, for 21 days. Permuted block randomisation was done with a block size of two or four, stratified by centre and primary or secondary care setting. The primary outcome was improvement in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score 5 weeks after randomisation, analysed in the modified intention-to-treat population of all randomly assigned patients that completed the MADRS assessment at week 5. The study has an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN45338259) and is registered with the EU Clinical Trial register, number 2009-015165-31. Findings Between Feb 8, 2011, and Dec 10, 2012, 165 patients were recruited and randomly assigned (83 to metyrapone and 82 to placebo), with 143 (87%) completing the primary outcome assessment (69 [83%] in the metyrapone and 74 [90%] in the placebo group). At 5 weeks, MADRS score did not significantly differ between groups (21·7 points [95% CI 19·2–24·4] in the metyrapone group vs 22·6 points [20·1–24·8] in the placebo group; adjusted mean difference of −0·51 points [95% CI −3·48 to 2·46]; p=0·74). 12 serious adverse events were reported in four (5%) of 83 patients in the metyrapone group and six (7%) of 82 patients in the placebo group, none of which were related to study treatment. 134 adverse events occurred in 58 (70%) patients in the metyrapone group compared with 95 events in 45 (55%) patients in the placebo group, of which 11 (8%) events in the metyrapone group and four (4%) in the placebo group were judged by principle investigators at the time of occurrence to be probably related to the study drug. Interpretation Metyrapone augmentation of antidepressants is not efficacious in a broadly representative population of patients with treatment-resistant depression within the NHS and therefore is not an option for patients with treatment-resistant depression in routine clinical practice at this time. Further research is needed to clarify if such augmentation might benefit subpopulations with demonstrable hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis abnormalities. Funding Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a UK Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research partnership.
Published: 2016

34. Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

Author: Peter P. Zandi, Lisa Jones, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Christine Fraser, Andreas J. Forstner, Nese Direk, Mark Lathrop, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Bradley T. Webb, Yihan Li, Michael Bauer, Qingqin S. Li, Daniel J. Smith, Carsten Horn, Robert C. Thompson, René Breuer, Eli A. Stahl, David A. Collier, Richard Williamson, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Céline S. Reinbold, Laura J. Scott, Manolis Kogevinas, Jacob Lawrence, Caroline Hayward, Nicholas J. Schork, Penelope A. Lind, Wade H. Berrettini, John B. Vincent, Toni-Kim Clarke, Henry Voelzke, Stacy Steinberg, Hreinn Stefansson, Dean F. MacKinnon, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Niamh Mullins, Esben Agerbo, Rudolf Uher, Christina M. Hultman, Pamela A. F. Madden, Eva C. Schulte, Matthew Flickinger, Sebastian Zöllner, Kenneth S. Kendler, Urban Ösby, Enrique Castelao, Michael John Owen, Colm O'Dushlaine, Jens Treutlein, Joanna Hauser, Markus M. Noethen, Erin N. Smith, James McKay, Sandra Van der Auwera, Erin C. Dunn, Steven P. Hamilton, Martin Schalling, Helmut Vedder, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Fabio Rivas, Matthias Nauck, James B. Potash, Morten Mattingsdal, Ling Shen, Tim B. Bigdeli, Kimberly Chambert, Volker Arolt, Daniel L. Koller, Annelie Nordin Adolfsson, Na Cai, Nicholas G. Martin, Carlos N. Pato, Georg Homuth, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Alexander Teumer, Wesley K. Thompson, Hamel Patel, Jian Yang, Margit Burmeister, Frank Bellivier, Jodie N. Painter, Enda M. Byrne, Margarita Rivera, Nicholas John Craddock, Tatiana Foroud, Shaun Purcell, Paul D. Shilling, David Craig, Vanessa Kiyomi Ota, Michael Boehnke, Devin Absher, Stéphane Jamain, Anne Farmer, Yunpeng Wang, Ole Mors, William A. Scheftner, Jack D. Barchas, Robert Maier, Stanley J. Watson, Allan H. Young, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Jakob Grove, Rick Jansen, John P. Rice, Gerome Breen, Eske M. Derks, Ingrid Melle, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Manuel Mattheisen, Bernard Ng, Edward M. Scolnick, Stefan Kloiber, Lili Milani, Yuri Milaneschi, Fermín Mayoral, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Sarah E. Medland, Wolfgang Maier, Alan F. Schatzberg, Myrna M. Weissman, Jun Li, John R. Kelsoe, Eric Jorgenson, Grant C.B. Sinnamon, Preben Bo Mortensen, Jana Strohmaier, William Byerley, Michel G. Nivard, Richard M. Myers, Evelin Mihailov, Gustavo Turecki, Benjamin S. Pickard, Ian J. Deary, Bernhard T. Baune, Marian L. Hamshere, Stephanie H. Witt, Patrick F. Sullivan, Jennifer L. Moran, Farnush Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh, Cathryn M. Lewis, Srdjan Djurovic, Ian B. Hickie, Hans J. Grabe, Helena Gaspar, Francis J. McMahon, Catherine Schaefer, Guy A. Rouleau, Sandra Meier, Derek W. Morris, Tõnu Esko, Wouter J. Peyrot, Markus Schwarz, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Adam Wright, Melvin G. McInnis, Elaine K. Green, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Danielle Posthuma, Franziska Degenhardt, Per Qvist, Henriette N. Buttenschøn, Jolanta Lissowska, Stephan Ripke, Nicholas Bass, Giorgio Pistis, Emma M. Quinn, Shantel Weinsheimer, Howard J. Edenberg, Sintia Iole Belangero, Charles Curtis, Ashley R. Winslow, Tracy M. Air, Johannes H. Smit, Isaac S. Kohane, Wei Xu, Pamela B. Mahon, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Gonneke Willemsen, Ivan Nikolov, Sven Cichon, Gregory E. Crawford, David M. Hougaard, E.J.C. de Geus, Klaus Berger, Evaristus A. Nwulia, Fernando S. Goes, Pablo Cervantes, Udo Dannlowski, Rolf Adolfsson, Thomas G. Schulze, Bruno Etain, Mark J. Adams, Thomas Hansen, Hugh Gurling, Fan Guo Meng, Judith A. Badner, Julien Bryois, Mateus Jose Abdalla Diniz, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Radhika Kandaswamy, Josef Frank, I. Nicol Ferrier, Bertram Mueller-Myhsok, Manuel A. R. Ferreira, Marion Leboyer, Futao Zhang, Valentina Moskvina, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Laura M. Huckins, Douglas Blackwood, Michael Gill, Jianxin Shi, Dale R. Nyholt, Nancy L. Pedersen, André G. Uitterlinden, Henning Tiemeier, Vassily Trubetskoy, Scott D. Gordon, Ian Jones, Grant W. Montgomery, Martin Preisig, Cristiana Cruceanu, Sara A. Paciga, Lena Backlund, Abdel Abdellaoui, Andres Metspalu, Gunnar Morken, Marcus Ising, Sascha B. Fischer, Lilijana Oruc, Sian Caesar, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Thalia C. Eley, Vihra Milanova, Thomas Werge, Andrew Heath, Katherine E. Tansey, Thomas W. Muehleisen, Jane H. Christensen, Chunyu Liu, Mikael Landén, Douglas F. Levinson, Julia Kraft, Juergen Wellmann, Coleman, Jonathan R., I, Peng Zhang, Glyn Lewis, Henning Teismann, Hamdi Mbarek, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Szabolcs Szelinger, Alexander Viktorin, Paul Brennan, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Maciej Trzaskowski, Yang Wu, Katharina Domschke, John Strauss, Hilary K. Finucane, Detelina Grozeva, Peter Holmans, Saira Saeed Mirza, Ole A. Andreassen, John I. Nurnberger, Lynsey S Hall, Till F. M. Andlauer, Sara Mostafavi, Andreas Reif, Joanna M. Biernacka, Christine Søholm Hansen, Hualin S. Xi, Stephen Newhouse, William E. Bunney, Andrew M. McIntosh, Anna Maaser, Enrico Domenici, Shyn, Stanley, I, Gail Davies, Warren W. Kretzschmar, Simone de Jong, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Pippa A. Thomson, Francis M. Mondimore, Martin Hautzinger, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Fabian Streit, James L. Kennedy, Erik Pettersson, Peter M. Visscher, Valentina Escott-Price, Donald J. MacIntyre, Johannes Schumacher, Kevin A. McGhee, Divya Mehta, Naomi R. Wray, Robert A. Schoevers, John A. Rice, Jordan W. Smoller, Anders D. Børglum, Susanne Lucae, Jorge A. Quiroz, Daniel Umbricht, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Kari Stefansson, Marcella Rietschel, Zoltán Kutalik, Sarah E. Bergen, Paul F. O'Reilly, Amanda Dobbyn, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Falk W. Lohoff, Caroline M. Nievergelt, David J. Porteous, Matthew Traylor, Brien P. Riley, Roy H. Perlis, J. Raymond DePaulo, Martin Alda, James A. Knowles, Cristiano Noto, Keith Matthews, Mark A. Frye, Patrick J. McGrath, Roseann E. Peterson, David St Clair, Roel A. Ophoff, William Coryell, Peter McGuffin, Andiara Calado Saloma Rodrigues, Elliot S. Gershon, Conor V. Dolan, Janice M. Fullerton, Weihua Guan, Niklas Långström, Pamela Sklar, Paul Lichtenstein, Per Hoffmann, Ary Gadelha, Alan W. McLean, Andrew McQuillin, Philip B. Mitchell, Huda Akil, Piotr M. Czerski, Michael Steffens, Hogni Oskarsson, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Marcos L. Santoro, Elisabeth B. Binder, Christel M. Middeldorp, Jose G. Para, Jurgen Del-Favero, Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar, Peter R. Schofield, Stefan Herms, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Andrea Pfennig, Albert M. van Hemert, Jutta Kammerer-Ciernioch, Adebayo Anjorin, Sara Paciga, William Lawson, George Kirov, Aiden Corvin, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Jonathan Marchini, Markus Leber, Maria Hipolito, Louise Frisén, Margitta Borrmann-Hassenbach, Amanda Elkin, Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Working Groups of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Wray, N.R., Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E.M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M.J., Agerbo, E., Air, T.M., Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S.A., Bækvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, T.B., Binder, E.B., Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J., Buttenschøn, H.N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Christensen, J.H., Clarke, T.K., Coleman, JRI, Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Crawford, G.E., Davies, G., Deary, I.J., Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M., Direk, N., Dolan, C.V., Dunn, E.C., Eley, T.C., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, H.K., Forstner, A.J., Frank, J., Gaspar, H.A., Gill, M., Goes, F.S., Gordon, S.D., Grove, J., Hansen, C.S., Hansen, T.F., Herms, S., Hickie, I.B., Hoffmann, P., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J.J., Hougaard, D.M., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jones, I., Jones, L.A., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J.A., Kohane, I.S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W.W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y., Lind, P.A., MacIntyre, D.J., MacKinnon, D.F., Maier, R.M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., McGrath, P., McGuffin, P., Medland, S.E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C.M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Mondimore, F.M., Montgomery, G.W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M.G., Nyholt, D.R., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M.J., Painter, J.N., Pedersen, C.B., Pedersen, M.G., Peterson, R.E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W.J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J.A., Qvist, P., Rice, J.P., Riley, B.P., Rivera, M., Mirza, S.S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E.C., Shen, L., Shyn, S.I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, J.H., Smith, D.J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P.A., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A.G., Umbricht, D., Van der Auwera, S., van Hemert, A.M., Viktorin, A., Visscher, P.M., Wang, Y., Webb, B.T., Weinsheimer, S.M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Witt, S.H., Wu, Y., Xi, H.S., Yang, J., Zhang, F., Arolt, V., Baune, B.T., Berger, K., Boomsma, D.I., Cichon, S., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, J.R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H.J., Hamilton, S.P., Hayward, C., Heath, A.C., Kendler, K.S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q.S., Lucae, S., Madden, PAF, Magnusson, P.K., Martin, N.G., McIntosh, A.M., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Mortensen, P.B., Müller-Myhsok, B., Nordentoft, M., Nöthen, M.M., O'Donovan, M.C., Paciga, S.A., Pedersen, N.L., Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, R.H., Porteous, D.J., Potash, J.B., Preisig, M., Rietschel, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T.G., Smoller, J.W., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Völzke, H., Weissman, M.M., Werge, T., Lewis, C.M., Levinson, D.F., Børglum, A.D., Sullivan, P.F., Meier, S., Strauss, J., Xu, W., Vincent, J.B., Matthews, K., Ferreira, M., O'Dushlaine, C., Purcell, S., Raychaudhuri, S., Ruderfer, D.M., Sklar, P., Scott, L.J., Flickinger, M., Burmeister, M., Li, J., Guan, W., Absher, D., Thompson, R.C., Meng, F.G., Schatzberg, A.F., Bunney, W.E., Barchas, J.D., Watson, S.J., Myers, R.M., Akil, H., Boehnke, M., Chambert, K., Moran, J., Scolnick, E., Djurovic, S., Melle, I., Morken, G., Corvin, A., Anjorin, A., Kandaswamy, R., Lawrence, J., McLean, A.W., Pickard, B.S., Bergen, S.E., Nimgaonkar, V., Landén, M., Schalling, M., Osby, U., Backlund, L., Frisén, L., Langstrom, N., Stahl, E., Dobbyn, A., Jamain, S., Etain, B., Bellivier, F., Leber, M., Maaser, A., Fischer, S.B., Reinbold, C.S., Kittel-Schneider, S., Fullerton, J.M., Oruč, L., Para, J.G., Mayoral, F., Rivas, F., Czerski, P.M., Kammerer-Ciernioch, J., Vedder, H., Borrmann-Hassenbach, M., Pfennig, A., Brennan, P., McKay, J.D., Kogevinas, M., Schwarz, M., Schofield, P.R., Mühleisen, T.W., Schumacher, J., Bauer, M., Wright, A., Mitchell, P.B., Hautzinger, M., Kelsoe, J.R., Greenwood, T.A., Nievergelt, C.M., Shilling, P.D., Smith, E.N., Bloss, C.S., Edenberg, H.J., Koller, D.L., Gershon, E.S., Liu, C., Badner, J.A., Scheftner, W.A., Lawson, W.B., Nwulia, E.A., Hipolito, M., Coryell, W., Rice, J., Byerley, W., McMahon, F.J., Lohoff, F.W., Zandi, P.P., Mahon, P.B., McInnis, M.G., Zöllner, S., Zhang, P., Szelinger, S., St Clair, D., Caesar, S., Gordon-Smith, K., Fraser, C., Green, E.K., Grozeva, D., Hamshere, M.L., Kirov, G., Nikolov, I., Collier, D.A., Elkin, A., Williamson, R., Young, A.H., Ferrier, I.N., Milanova, V., Alda, M., Cervantes, P., Cruceanu, C., Rouleau, G.A., Turecki, G., Paciga, S., Winslow, A.R., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Ophoff, R., Adolfsson, R., Adolfsson, A.N., Del-Favero, J., Pato, C., Biernacka, J.M., Frye, M.A., Morris, D., Schork, N.J., Reif, A., Lissowska, J., Hauser, J., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., McGhee, K., Quinn, E., Moskvina, V., Holmans, P.A., Farmer, A., Kennedy, J.L., Andreassen, O.A., Mattingsdal, M., Bass, N.J., Gurling, H., McQuillin, A., Breuer, R., Hultman, C., Lichtenstein, P., Huckins, L.M., Leboyer, M., Lathrop, M., Nurnberger, J., Steffens, M., Foroud, T.M., Berrettini, W.H., Craig, D.W., Shi, J., Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar, Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Methodology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, APH - Mental Health, Pediatric Surgery, Epidemiology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Psychiatry, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), 0301 basic medicine, Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Working Groups of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Bipolar Disorder, SAMPLE, Medicine (miscellaneous), Pedigree chart, Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, SCHIZOPHRENIA, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Medicine, Aetiology, ANTICIPATION, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Psychiatry, 0303 health sciences, Depression, ASSOCIATION, Serious Mental Illness, Mental Health, Schizophrenia, Major depressive disorder, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Engineering sciences. Technology, medicine.medical_specialty, Context (language use), Article, Psykiatri, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, ddc:570, Behavioral and Social Science, Genetics, PLINK, Genetic Testing, Bipolar disorder, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Prevention, Human Genome, Assortative mating, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, Mood, lcsh:Biology (General), Mood disorders, Anticipation (genetics), ONSET, Human medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generations. This may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders, whereby onset is earlier and the severity increases over the generations of a family. Joint analyses of rare and common variation may be a powerful way to understand the familial genetics of psychiatric disorders., Simone de Jong et al. examine the balance of common and rare risk for psychiatric disorders in a large family with high incidence of Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. They find that increased polygenic risk over generations could be partially due to assortative mating, which may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders.
Published: 2018

35. A UK clinical audit addressing the quality of prescribing of sodium valproate for bipolar disorder in women of child-bearing age

Author: Carol Paton, Thomas R. E. Barnes, I. Nicol Ferrier, Elizabeth Fagan, Sumera F. Bhatti, and John Cookson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Clinical audit, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Context (language use), Relapse prevention, Congenital Abnormalities, Treatment of bipolar disorder, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antimanic Agents, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Bipolar disorder, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Psychiatry, Retrospective Studies, bipolar disorder, Clinical Audit, business.industry, Valproic Acid, Research, Age Factors, Abnormalities, Drug-Induced, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Quality Improvement, Mental health, United Kingdom, Teratogens, Mental Health, Hypomania, valproate, Female, adult psychiatry, medicine.symptom, business, Mania, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objectives To review prescribing practice concerning valproate, an established human teratogen, for the management of bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age. Design The Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health conducted a baseline clinical audit in the UK, as part of a quality improvement programme. Participants Six hundred and forty-eight clinical teams from 55 mental health Trusts submitted retrospective treatment data relating to patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Results Of the audit sample of 6705 patients, 3854 were 50 years of age or younger. Valproate was prescribed for 24% of women and 43% men in this age group, and the mean dose of valproate was lower in women (1196 mg) than in men (1391 mg). For only half of such women was there documented evidence that information had been provided on the risks for the unborn child and the need for adequate contraception. Valproate was more often used in men to treat mania and aggression, while the most common treatment targets in women were hypomania and relapse prevention. Conclusions Despite explicit recommendations in national treatment guidelines and published safety alerts and warnings regarding the use of valproate in women of childbearing age, current prescribing of this medication to such women in the context of the treatment of bipolar disorder falls short of best practice, particularly with regard to provision of information regarding the risks associated with exposure to valproate during pregnancy. While women younger than 50 years of age were less likely to be prescribed valproate than men in the same age group, and at a lower dosage, it is unclear to what extent this reflects clinicians’ concerns about teratogenicity or is driven by perceptions of the indication for valproate, and the dosage required, for the treatment of different phases of the disorder in men and women.
Published: 2018

36. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author: Anttila, V. Bulik-Sullivan, B. Finucane, H.K. Walters, R.K. Bras, J. Duncan, L. Escott-Price, V. Falcone, G.J. Gormley, P. Malik, R. Patsopoulos, N.A. Ripke, S. Wei, Z. Yu, D. Lee, P.H. Turley, P. Grenier-Boley, B. Chouraki, V. Kamatani, Y. Berr, C. Letenneur, L. Hannequin, D. Amouyel, P. Boland, A. Deleuze, J.-F. Duron, E. Vardarajan, B.N. Reitz, C. Goate, A.M. Huentelman, M.J. Ilyas Kamboh, M. Larson, E.B. Rogaeva, E. George-Hyslop, P.S. Hakonarson, H. Kukull, W.A. Farrer, L.A. Barnes, L.L. Beach, T.G. Yesim Demirci, F. Head, E. Hulette, C.M. Jicha, G.A. Kauwe, J.S.K. Kaye, J.A. Leverenz, J.B. Levey, A.I. Lieberman, A.P. Pankratz, V.S. Poon, W.W. Quinn, J.F. Saykin, A.J. Schneider, L.S. Smith, A.G. Sonnen, J.A. Stern, R.A. Van Deerlin, V.M. Van Eldik, L.J. Harold, D. Russo, G. Rubinsztein, D.C. Bayer, A. Tsolaki, M. Proitsi, P. Fox, N.C. Hampel, H. Owen, M.J. Mead, S. Passmore, P. Morgan, K. Nöthen, M.M. Rossor, M. Lupton, M.K. Hoffmann, P. Kornhuber, J. Lawlor, B. McQuillin, A. Al-Chalabi, A. Bis, J.C. Ruiz, A. Boada, M. Seshadri, S. Beiser, A. Rice, K. Van Der Lee, S.J. De Jager, P.L. Geschwind, D.H. Riemenschneider, M. Riedel-Heller, S. Rotter, J.I. Ransmayr, G. Hyman, B.T. Cruchaga, C. Alegret, M. Winsvold, B. Palta, P. Farh, K.-H. Cuenca-Leon, E. Furlotte, N. Kurth, T. Ligthart, L. Terwindt, G.M. Freilinger, T. Ran, C. Gordon, S.D. Borck, G. Adams, H.H.H. Lehtimäki, T. Wedenoja, J. Buring, J.E. Schürks, M. Hrafnsdottir, M. Hottenga, J.-J. Penninx, B. Artto, V. Kaunisto, M. Vepsäläinen, S. Martin, N.G. Montgomery, G.W. Kurki, M.I. Hämäläinen, E. Huang, H. Huang, J. Sandor, C. Webber, C. Muller-Myhsok, B. Schreiber, S. Salomaa, V. Loehrer, E. Göbel, H. Macaya, A. Pozo-Rosich, P. Hansen, T. Werge, T. Kaprio, J. Metspalu, A. Kubisch, C. Ferrari, M.D. Belin, A.C. Van Den Maagdenberg, A.M.J.M. Zwart, J.-A. Boomsma, D. Eriksson, N. Olesen, J. Chasman, D.I. Nyholt, D.R. Avbersek, A. Baum, L. Berkovic, S. Bradfield, J. Buono, R. Catarino, C.B. Cossette, P. De Jonghe, P. Depondt, C. Dlugos, D. Ferraro, T.N. French, J. Hjalgrim, H. Jamnadas-Khoda, J. Kälviäinen, R. Kunz, W.S. Lerche, H. Leu, C. Lindhout, D. Lo, W. Lowenstein, D. McCormack, M. Møller, R.S. Molloy, A. Ng, P.-W. Oliver, K. Privitera, M. Radtke, R. Ruppert, A.-K. Sander, T. Schachter, S. Schankin, C. Scheffer, I. Schoch, S. Sisodiya, S.M. Smith, P. Sperling, M. Striano, P. Surges, R. Neil Thomas, G. Visscher, F. Whelan, C.D. Zara, F. Heinzen, E.L. Marson, A. Becker, F. Stroink, H. Zimprich, F. Gasser, T. Gibbs, R. Heutink, P. Martinez, M. Morris, H.R. Sharma, M. Ryten, M. Mok, K.Y. Pulit, S. Bevan, S. Holliday, E. Attia, J. Battey, T. Boncoraglio, G. Thijs, V. Chen, W.-M. Mitchell, B. Rothwell, P. Sharma, P. Sudlow, C. Vicente, A. Markus, H. Kourkoulis, C. Pera, J. Raffeld, M. Silliman, S. Perica, V.B. Thornton, L.M. Huckins, L.M. William Rayner, N. Lewis, C.M. Gratacos, M. Rybakowski, F. Keski-Rahkonen, A. Raevuori, A. Hudson, J.I. Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. Monteleone, P. Karwautz, A. Mannik, K. Baker, J.H. O'Toole, J.K. Trace, S.E. Davis, O.S.P. Helder, S.G. Ehrlich, S. Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. Danner, U.N. Van Elburg, A.A. Clementi, M. Forzan, M. Docampo, E. Lissowska, J. Hauser, J. Tortorella, A. Maj, M. Gonidakis, F. Tziouvas, K. Papezova, H. Yilmaz, Z. Wagner, G. Cohen-Woods, S. Herms, S. Julia, A. Rabionet, R. Dick, D.M. Ripatti, S. Andreassen, O.A. Espeseth, T. Lundervold, A.J. Steen, V.M. Pinto, D. Scherer, S.W. Aschauer, H. Schosser, A. Alfredsson, L. Padyukov, L. Halmi, K.A. Mitchell, J. Strober, M. Bergen, A.W. Kaye, W. Szatkiewicz, J.P. Cormand, B. Ramos-Quiroga, J.A. Sánchez-Mora, C. Ribasés, M. Casas, M. Hervas, A. Arranz, M.J. Haavik, J. Zayats, T. Johansson, S. Williams, N. Dempfle, A. Rothenberger, A. Kuntsi, J. Oades, R.D. Banaschewski, T. Franke, B. Buitelaar, J.K. Vasquez, A.A. Doyle, A.E. Reif, A. Lesch, K.-P. Freitag, C. Rivero, O. Palmason, H. Romanos, M. Langley, K. Rietschel, M. Witt, S.H. Dalsgaard, S. Børglum, A.D. Waldman, I. Wilmot, B. Molly, N. Bau, C.H.D. Crosbie, J. Schachar, R. Loo, S.K. McGough, J.J. Grevet, E.H. Medland, S.E. Robinson, E. Weiss, L.A. Bacchelli, E. Bailey, A. Bal, V. Battaglia, A. Betancur, C. Bolton, P. Cantor, R. Celestino-Soper, P. Dawson, G. De Rubeis, S. Duque, F. Green, A. Klauck, S.M. Leboyer, M. Levitt, P. Maestrini, E. Mane, S. Moreno-De-Luca, D. Parr, J. Regan, R. Reichenberg, A. Sandin, S. Vorstman, J. Wassink, T. Wijsman, E. Cook, E. Santangelo, S. Delorme, R. Roge, B. Magalhaes, T. Arking, D. Schulze, T.G. Thompson, R.C. Strohmaier, J. Matthews, K. Melle, I. Morris, D. Blackwood, D. McIntosh, A. Bergen, S.E. Schalling, M. Jamain, S. Maaser, A. Fischer, S.B. Reinbold, C.S. Fullerton, J.M. Guzman-Parra, J. Mayoral, F. Schofield, P.R. Cichon, S. Mühleisen, T.W. Degenhardt, F. Schumacher, J. Bauer, M. Mitchell, P.B. Gershon, E.S. Rice, J. Potash, J.B. Zandi, P.P. Craddock, N. Nicol Ferrier, I. Alda, M. Rouleau, G.A. Turecki, G. Ophoff, R. Pato, C. Anjorin, A. Stahl, E. Leber, M. Czerski, P.M. Cruceanu, C. Jones, I.R. Posthuma, D. Andlauer, T.F.M. Forstner, A.J. Streit, F. Baune, B.T. Air, T. Sinnamon, G. Wray, N.R. MacIntyre, D.J. Porteous, D. Homuth, G. Rivera, M. Grove, J. Middeldorp, C.M. Hickie, I. Pergadia, M. Mehta, D. Smit, J.H. Jansen, R. De Geus, E. Dunn, E. Li, Q.S. Nauck, M. Schoevers, R.A. Beekman, A.T.F. Knowles, J.A. Viktorin, A. Arnold, P. Barr, C.L. Bedoya-Berrio, G. Joseph Bienvenu, O. Brentani, H. Burton, C. Camarena, B. Cappi, C. Cath, D. Cavallini, M. Cusi, D. Darrow, S. Denys, D. Derks, E.M. Dietrich, A. Fernandez, T. Figee, M. Freimer, N. Gerber, G. Grados, M. Greenberg, E. Hanna, G.L. Hartmann, A. Hirschtritt, M.E. Hoekstra, P.J. Huang, A. Huyser, C. Illmann, C. Jenike, M. Kuperman, S. Leventhal, B. Lochner, C. Lyon, G.J. Macciardi, F. Madruga-Garrido, M. Malaty, I.A. Maras, A. McGrath, L. Miguel, E.C. Mir, P. Nestadt, G. Nicolini, H. Okun, M.S. Pakstis, A. Paschou, P. Piacentini, J. Pittenger, C. Plessen, K. Ramensky, V. Ramos, E.M. Reus, V. Richter, M.A. Riddle, M.A. Robertson, M.M. Roessner, V. Rosário, M. Samuels, J.F. Sandor, P. Stein, D.J. Tsetsos, F. Van Nieuwerburgh, F. Weatherall, S. Wendland, J.R. Wolanczyk, T. Worbe, Y. Zai, G. Goes, F.S. McLaughlin, N. Nestadt, P.S. Grabe, H.-J. Depienne, C. Konkashbaev, A. Lanzagorta, N. Valencia-Duarte, A. Bramon, E. Buccola, N. Cahn, W. Cairns, M. Chong, S.A. Cohen, D. Crespo-Facorro, B. Crowley, J. Davidson, M. DeLisi, L. Dinan, T. Donohoe, G. Drapeau, E. Duan, J. Haan, L. Hougaard, D. Karachanak-Yankova, S. Khrunin, A. Klovins, J. Kučinskas, V. Keong, J.L.C. Limborska, S. Loughland, C. Lönnqvist, J. Maher, B. Mattheisen, M. McDonald, C. Murphy, K.C. Nenadic, I. Van Os, J. Pantelis, C. Pato, M. Petryshen, T. Quested, D. Roussos, P. Sanders, A.R. Schall, U. Schwab, S.G. Sim, K. So, H.-C. Stögmann, E. Subramaniam, M. Toncheva, D. Waddington, J. Walters, J. Weiser, M. Cheng, W. Cloninger, R. Curtis, D. Gejman, P.V. Henskens, F. Mattingsdal, M. Oh, S.-Y. Scott, R. Webb, B. Breen, G. Churchhouse, C. Bulik, C.M. Daly, M. Dichgans, M. Faraone, S.V. Guerreiro, R. Holmans, P. Kendler, K.S. Koeleman, B. Mathews, C.A. Price, A. Scharf, J. Sklar, P. Williams, J. Wood, N.W. Cotsapas, C. Palotie, A. Smoller, J.W. Sullivan, P. Rosand, J. Corvin, A. Neale, B.M. The Brainstorm Consortium
Abstract: Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology. © 2018 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018

37. Joint Analysis of Psychiatric Disorders Increases Accuracy of Risk Prediction for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder

Author: Robert Maier, Gerhard Moser, Guo-Bo Chen, Stephan Ripke, William Coryell, James B. Potash, William A. Scheftner, Jianxin Shi, Myrna M. Weissman, Christina M. Hultman, Mikael Landén, Douglas F. Levinson, Kenneth S. Kendler, Jordan W. Smoller, Naomi R. Wray, S. Hong Lee, Devin Absher, Ingrid Agartz, Huda Akil, Farooq Amin, Ole A. Andreassen, Adebayo Anjorin, Richard Anney, Dan E. Arking, Philip Asherson, Maria H. Azevedo, Lena Backlund, Judith A. Badner, Anthony J. Bailey, Tobias Banaschewski, Jack D. Barchas, Michael R. Barnes, Thomas B. Barrett, Nicholas Bass, Agatino Battaglia, Michael Bauer, Mònica Bayés, Frank Bellivier, Sarah E. Bergen, Wade Berrettini, Catalina Betancur, Thomas Bettecken, Joseph Biederman, Elisabeth B. Binder, Donald W. Black, Douglas H.R. Blackwood, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Michael Boehnke, Dorret I. Boomsma, Gerome Breen, René Breuer, Richard Bruggeman, Nancy G. Buccola, Jan K. Buitelaar, William E. Bunney, Joseph D. Buxbaum, William F. Byerley, Sian Caesar, Wiepke Cahn, Rita M. Cantor, Miguel Casas, Aravinda Chakravarti, Kimberly Chambert, Khalid Choudhury, Sven Cichon, C. Robert Cloninger, David A. Collier, Edwin H. Cook, Hilary Coon, Bru Cormand, Paul Cormican, Aiden Corvin, William H. Coryell, Nicholas Craddock, David W. Craig, Ian W. Craig, Jennifer Crosbie, Michael L. Cuccaro, David Curtis, Darina Czamara, Mark J. Daly, Susmita Datta, Geraldine Dawson, Richard Day, Eco J. De Geus, Franziska Degenhardt, Bernie Devlin, Srdjan Djurovic, Gary J. Donohoe, Alysa E. Doyle, Jubao Duan, Frank Dudbridge, Eftichia Duketis, Richard P. Ebstein, Howard J. Edenberg, Josephine Elia, Sean Ennis, Bruno Etain, Ayman Fanous, Stephen V. Faraone, Anne E. Farmer, I. Nicol Ferrier, Matthew Flickinger, Eric Fombonne, Tatiana Foroud, Josef Frank, Barbara Franke, Christine Fraser, Robert Freedman, Nelson B. Freimer, Christine M. Freitag, Marion Friedl, Louise Frisén, Louise Gallagher, Pablo V. Gejman, Lyudmila Georgieva, Elliot S. Gershon, Daniel H. Geschwind, Ina Giegling, Michael Gill, Scott D. Gordon, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Elaine K. Green, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Dorothy E. Grice, Magdalena Gross, Detelina Grozeva, Weihua Guan, Hugh Gurling, Lieuwe De Haan, Jonathan L. Haines, Hakon Hakonarson, Joachim Hallmayer, Steven P. Hamilton, Marian L. Hamshere, Thomas F. Hansen, Annette M. Hartmann, Martin Hautzinger, Andrew C. Heath, Anjali K. Henders, Stefan Herms, Ian B. Hickie, Maria Hipolito, Susanne Hoefels, Peter A. Holmans, Florian Holsboer, Witte J. Hoogendijk, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Vanessa Hus, Andrés Ingason, Marcus Ising, Stéphane Jamain, Ian Jones, Lisa Jones, Anna K. Kähler, René S. Kahn, Radhika Kandaswamy, Matthew C. Keller, John R. Kelsoe, James L. Kennedy, Elaine Kenny, Lindsey Kent, Yunjung Kim, George K. Kirov, Sabine M. Klauck, Lambertus Klei, James A. Knowles, Martin A. Kohli, Daniel L. Koller, Bettina Konte, Ania Korszun, Lydia Krabbendam, Robert Krasucki, Jonna Kuntsi, Phoenix Kwan, Niklas Långström, Mark Lathrop, Jacob Lawrence, William B. Lawson, Marion Leboyer, David H. Ledbetter, Phil H. Lee, Todd Lencz, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Cathryn M. Lewis, Jun Li, Paul Lichtenstein, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Dan-Yu Lin, Don H. Linszen, Chunyu Liu, Falk W. Lohoff, Sandra K. Loo, Catherine Lord, Jennifer K. Lowe, Susanne Lucae, Donald J. MacIntyre, Pamela A.F. Madden, Elena Maestrini, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Pamela B. Mahon, Wolfgang Maier, Anil K. Malhotra, Shrikant M. Mane, Christa L. Martin, Nicholas G. Martin, Manuel Mattheisen, Keith Matthews, Morten Mattingsdal, Steven A. McCarroll, Kevin A. McGhee, James J. McGough, Patrick J. McGrath, Peter McGuffin, Melvin G. McInnis, Andrew McIntosh, Rebecca McKinney, Alan W. McLean, Francis J. McMahon, William M. McMahon, Andrew McQuillin, Helena Medeiros, Sarah E. Medland, Sandra Meier, Ingrid Melle, Fan Meng, Jobst Meyer, Christel M. Middeldorp, Lefkos Middleton, Vihra Milanova, Ana Miranda, Anthony P. Monaco, Grant W. Montgomery, Jennifer L. Moran, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Gunnar Morken, Derek W. Morris, Eric M. Morrow, Valentina Moskvina, Bryan J. Mowry, Pierandrea Muglia, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Michael Murtha, Richard M. Myers, Inez Myin-Germeys, Benjamin M. Neale, Stan F. Nelson, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Ivan Nikolov, Vishwajit Nimgaonkar, Willem A. Nolen, Markus M. Nöthen, John I. Nurnberger, Evaristus A. Nwulia, Dale R. Nyholt, Michael C. O’Donovan, Colm O’Dushlaine, Robert D. Oades, Ann Olincy, Guiomar Oliveira, Line Olsen, Roel A. Ophoff, Urban Osby, Michael J. Owen, Aarno Palotie, Jeremy R. Parr, Andrew D. Paterson, Carlos N. Pato, Michele T. Pato, Brenda W. Penninx, Michele L. Pergadia, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Roy H. Perlis, Benjamin S. Pickard, Jonathan Pimm, Joseph Piven, Danielle Posthuma, Fritz Poustka, Peter Propping, Shaun M. Purcell, Vinay Puri, Digby J. Quested, Emma M. Quinn, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Henrik B. Rasmussen, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Karola Rehnström, Andreas Reif, Marta Ribasés, John P. Rice, Marcella Rietschel, Kathryn Roeder, Herbert Roeyers, Lizzy Rossin, Aribert Rothenberger, Guy Rouleau, Douglas Ruderfer, Dan Rujescu, Alan R. Sanders, Stephan J. Sanders, Susan L. Santangelo, Russell Schachar, Martin Schalling, Alan F. Schatzberg, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Stephen W. Scherer, Nicholas J. Schork, Thomas G. Schulze, Johannes Schumacher, Markus Schwarz, Edward Scolnick, Laura J. Scott, Joseph A. Sergeant, Paul D. Shilling, Stanley I. Shyn, Jeremy M. Silverman, Pamela Sklar, Susan L. Slager, Susan L. Smalley, Johannes H. Smit, Erin N. Smith, Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke, David St Clair, Matthew State, Michael Steffens, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, John S. Strauss, Jana Strohmaier, T. Scott Stroup, Patrick F. Sullivan, James Sutcliffe, Peter Szatmari, Szabocls Szelinger, Anita Thapar, Srinivasa Thirumalai, Robert C. Thompson, Alexandre A. Todorov, Federica Tozzi, Jens Treutlein, Jung-Ying Tzeng, Manfred Uhr, Edwin J.C.G. van den Oord, Gerard Van Grootheest, Jim Van Os, Astrid M. Vicente, Veronica J. Vieland, John B. Vincent, Peter M. Visscher, Christopher A. Walsh, Thomas H. Wassink, Stanley J. Watson, Lauren A. Weiss, Thomas Werge, Thomas F. Wienker, Durk Wiersma, Ellen M. Wijsman, Gonneke Willemsen, Nigel Williams, A. Jeremy Willsey, Stephanie H. Witt, Wei Xu, Allan H. Young, Timothy W. Yu, Stanley Zammit, Peter P. Zandi, Peng Zhang, Frans G. Zitman, Sebastian Zöllner, University of Zurich, Lee, S Hong, Epidemiology and Data Science, Psychiatry, EMGO - Mental health, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, Human genetics, NCA - Brain mechanisms in health and disease, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, Maier, Robert, Moser, Gerhard, Chen, Guo-Bo, Ripke, Stephan, Coryell, William, Potash, James B, Scheftner, William A, Shi, Jianxin, Weissman, Myrna M, Hultman, Christina M, Landen, Mikael, Levinson, Douglas F, Kendler, Kenneth S, Smoller, Jordan, Wray, Naomi R, Cross-Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Oades, Robert D. (Beitragende*r), Génétique de l'autisme = Genetics of Autism (NPS-01), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Adult Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, Maier R., Moser G., Chen G.-B., Ripke S., Coryell W., Potash J.B., Scheftner W.A., Shi J., Weissman M.M., Hultman C.M., Landen M., Levinson D.F., Kendler K.S., Smoller J.W., Wray N.R., Lee S.H., Absher D., Agartz I., Akil H., Amin F., Andreassen O.A., Anjorin A., Anney R., Arking D.E., Asherson P., Azevedo M.H., Backlund L., Badner J.A., Bailey A.J., Banaschewski T., Barchas J.D., Barnes M.R., Barrett T.B., Bass N., Battaglia A., Bauer M., Bayes M., Bellivier F., Bergen S.E., Berrettini W., Betancur C., Bettecken T., Biederman J., Binder E.B., Black D.W., Blackwood D.H.R., Bloss C.S., Boehnke M., Boomsma D.I., Breen G., Breuer R., Bruggeman R., Buccola N.G., Buitelaar J.K., Bunney W.E., Buxbaum J.D., Byerley W.F., Caesar S., Cahn W., Cantor R.M., Casas M., Chakravarti A., Chambert K., Choudhury K., Cichon S., Robert Cloninger C., Collier D.A., Cook E.H., Coon H., Cormand B., Cormican P., Corvin A., Coryell W.H., Craddock N., Craig D.W., Craig I.W., Crosbie J., Cuccaro M.L., Curtis D., Czamara D., Daly M.J., Datta S., Dawson G., Day R., De Geus E.J., Degenhardt F., Devlin B., Djurovic S., Donohoe G.J., Doyle A.E., Duan J., Dudbridge F., Duketis E., Ebstein R.P., Edenberg H.J., Elia J., Ennis S., Etain B., Fanous A., Faraone S.V., Farmer A.E., Nicol Ferrier I., Flickinger M., Fombonne E., Foroud T., Frank J., Franke B., Fraser C., Freedman R., Freimer N.B., Freitag C.M., Friedl M., Frisen L., Gallagher L., Gejman P.V., Georgieva L., Gershon E.S., Geschwind D.H., Giegling I., Gill M., Gordon S.D., Gordon-Smith K., Green E.K., Greenwood T.A., Grice D.E., Gross M., Grozeva D., Guan W., Gurling H., De Haan L., Haines J.L., Hakonarson H., Hallmayer J., Hamilton S.P., Hamshere M.L., Hansen T.F., Hartmann A.M., Hautzinger M., Heath A.C., Henders A.K., Herms S., Hickie I.B., Hipolito M., Hoefels S., Holmans P.A., Holsboer F., Hoogendijk W.J., Hottenga J.-J., Hus V., Ingason A., Ising M., Jamain S., Jones I., Jones L., Kahler A.K., Kahn R.S., Kandaswamy R., Keller M.C., Kelsoe J.R., Kennedy J.L., Kenny E., Kent L., Kim Y., Kirov G.K., Klauck S.M., Klei L., Knowles J.A., Kohli M.A., Koller D.L., Konte B., Korszun A., Krabbendam L., Krasucki R., Kuntsi J., Kwan P., Langstrom N., Lathrop M., Lawrence J., Lawson W.B., Leboyer M., Ledbetter D.H., Lee P.H., Lencz T., Lesch K.-P., Lewis C.M., Li J., Lichtenstein P., Lieberman J.A., Lin D.-Y., Linszen D.H., Liu C., Lohoff F.W., Loo S.K., Lord C., Lowe J.K., Lucae S., MacIntyre D.J., Madden P.A.F., Maestrini E., Magnusson P.K.E., Mahon P.B., Maier W., Malhotra A.K., Mane S.M., Martin C.L., Martin N.G., Mattheisen M., Matthews K., Mattingsdal M., McCarroll S.A., McGhee K.A., McGough J.J., McGrath P.J., McGuffin P., McInnis M.G., McIntosh A., McKinney R., McLean A.W., McMahon F.J., McMahon W.M., McQuillin A., Medeiros H., Medland S.E., Meier S., Melle I., Meng F., Meyer J., Middeldorp C.M., Middleton L., Milanova V., Miranda A., Monaco A.P., Montgomery G.W., Moran J.L., Moreno-De-Luca D., Morken G., Morris D.W., Morrow E.M., Moskvina V., Mowry B.J., Muglia P., Muhleisen T.W., Muller-Myhsok B., Murtha M., Myers R.M., Myin-Germeys I., Neale B.M., Nelson S.F., Nievergelt C.M., Nikolov I., Nimgaonkar V., Nolen W.A., Nothen M.M., Nurnberger J.I., Nwulia E.A., Nyholt D.R., O'Donovan M.C., O'Dushlaine C., Oades R.D., Olincy A., Oliveira G., Olsen L., Ophoff R.A., Osby U., Owen M.J., Palotie A., Parr J.R., Paterson A.D., Pato C.N., Pato M.T., Penninx B.W., Pergadia M.L., Pericak-Vance M.A., Perlis R.H., Pickard B.S., Pimm J., Piven J., Posthuma D., Poustka F., Propping P., Purcell S.M., Puri V., Quested D.J., Quinn E.M., Ramos-Quiroga J.A., Rasmussen H.B., Raychaudhuri S., Rehnstrom K., Reif A., Ribases M., Rice J.P., Rietschel M., Roeder K., Roeyers H., Rossin L., Rothenberger A., Rouleau G., Ruderfer D., Rujescu D., Sanders A.R., Sanders S.J., Santangelo S.L., Schachar R., Schalling M., Schatzberg A.F., Schellenberg G.D., Scherer S.W., Schork N.J., Schulze T.G., Schumacher J., Schwarz M., Scolnick E., Scott L.J., Sergeant J.A., Shilling P.D., Shyn S.I., Silverman J.M., Sklar P., Slager S.L., Smalley S.L., Smit J.H., Smith E.N., Sonuga-Barke E.J.S., St Clair D., State M., Steffens M., Steinhausen H.-C., Strauss J.S., Strohmaier J., Scott Stroup T., Sullivan P.F., Sutcliffe J., Szatmari P., Szelinger S., Thapar A., Thirumalai S., Thompson R.C., Todorov A.A., Tozzi F., Treutlein J., Tzeng J.-Y., Uhr M., van den Oord E.J.C.G., Van Grootheest G., Van Os J., Vicente A.M., Vieland V.J., Vincent J.B., Visscher P.M., Walsh C.A., Wassink T.H., Watson S.J., Weiss L.A., Werge T., Wienker T.F., Wiersma D., Wijsman E.M., Willemsen G., Williams N., Jeremy Willsey A., Witt S.H., Xu W., Young A.H., Yu T.W., Zammit S., Zandi P.P., Zhang P., Zitman F.G., and Zollner S.
Subjects: Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Multifactorial Inheritance, Multivariate analysis, Bipolar Disorder, genome annotation, Medizin, R Medicine (General), Medical and Health Sciences, Genome-wide association studies, 0302 clinical medicine, 2.5 Research design and methodologies (aetiology), GWAS, Genetics(clinical), Aetiology, Multivariate Analysi, Genetics (clinical), Genetics & Heredity, bipolar disorder, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Depression, Mental Disorders, Single Nucleotide, 3rd-DAS, Biological Sciences, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Serious Mental Illness, Psychiatric Disorders, 3. Good health, Mental Health, Schizophrenia, Mental Disorder, Linear Model, Major depressive disorder, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Risk assessment, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, 2716 Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Medical, Population, SNP, 610 Medicine & health, QH426 Genetics, Best linear unbiased prediction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 1311 Genetics, Medical, Report, medicine, Genetics, Humans, Bipolar disorder, Genetic Testing, Polymorphism, education, Psychiatry, QH426, 030304 developmental biology, Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], business.industry, Cross-Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Prevention, Human Genome, Major, medicine.disease, genetic risk prediction, R1, Brain Disorders, schizophrenia, Sample size determination, Perturbações do Desenvolvimento Infantil e Saúde Mental, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, business, depressive disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Cross-Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium - Vicente A.M. Acessível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25640677/ Genetic risk prediction has several potential applications in medical research and clinical practice and could be used, for example, to stratify a heterogeneous population of patients by their predicted genetic risk. However, for polygenic traits, such as psychiatric disorders, the accuracy of risk prediction is low. Here we use a multivariate linear mixed model and apply multi-trait genomic best linear unbiased prediction for genetic risk prediction. This method exploits correlations between disorders and simultaneously evaluates individual risk for each disorder. We show that the multivariate approach significantly increases the prediction accuracy for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder in the discovery as well as in independent validation datasets. By grouping SNPs based on genome annotation and fitting multiple random effects, we show that the prediction accuracy could be further improved. The gain in prediction accuracy of the multivariate approach is equivalent to an increase in sample size of 34% for schizophrenia, 68% for bipolar disorder, and 76% for major depressive disorders using single trait models. Because our approach can be readily applied to any number of GWAS datasets of correlated traits, it is a flexible and powerful tool to maximize prediction accuracy. With current sample size, risk predictors are not useful in a clinical setting but already are a valuable research tool, for example in experimental designs comparing cases with high and low polygenic risk
Published: 2015

38. Periventricular white matter integrity and cortisol levels in healthy controls and in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: An exploratory analysis

Author: I. Nicol Ferrier, Adrian J. Lloyd, P. Brian Moore, Kamini Vasudev, Peter Gallagher, Ian Marshall, Mark E. Bastin, Karine Macritchie, Allan H. Young, and Joanna M. Wardlaw
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, Time Factors, Evening, Hydrocortisone, Lithium (medication), Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, White matter, Internal medicine, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Bipolar disorder, Saliva, Psychiatry, Morning, Confounding, Brain, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Case-Control Studies, Anisotropy, Female, Psychology, medicine.drug, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Background Bipolar disorder is associated with both white matter abnormalities and hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction. In a post-hoc analysis of diffusion tensor data, the relationship between cortisol levels and white matter structural integrity was explored in healthy controls and in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Methods Healthy control subjects and patients with bipolar disorder, prospectively verified as euthymic, underwent diffusion tensor MRI: fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity data in fifteen regions of interest were obtained. Morning and evening salivary cortisol levels (SCLs) were measured. Results Significant negative partial correlations were found between fractional anisotropy and evening SCLs in control subjects in four periventricular regions. This pattern was absent in bipolar patients, possibly due to the presence of an excess of extracellular fluid manifested as a significant increase in mean diffusivity in those regions. Limitations This is an exploratory, post-hoc analysis of data with relatively small sample sizes. Lithium treatment and past substance abuse in the bipolar group are potentially confounding factors in this study. Conclusions These preliminary data show an inverse relationship between evening cortisol levels and a measure of periventricular white matter integrity in healthy controls. This relationship appears disrupted in bipolar patients, possibly due to periventricular osmoregulatory dysfunction, the effects of medication or past substance use. Future research should further investigate the influences of cortisol on oligodendrocyte function, white matter integrity and brain osmoregulation in bipolar disorder.
Published: 2013

39. Deictic and Propositional Meaning-New Perspectives on Language in Schizophrenia

Author: Douglas Turkington, Wolfram Hinzen, Vitor Zimmerer, I. Nicol Ferrier, and Stuart Watson
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), medicine.medical_treatment, positive symptoms, Deixis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Remedial education, Language, media_common, Cognitive science, Psychiatry, Grammar, language, Linguistic evidence, Cognitive behavioral therapy, 030227 psychiatry, cognitive behavioral therapy, schizophrenia, Psychiatry and Mental health, Perspective, Schizophrenia, grammar, Positive symptoms, Psychology, On Language, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Meaning (linguistics)
Abstract: Emerging linguistic evidence points at disordered language behavior as a defining characteristic of schizophrenia. In this article we review this literature and demonstrate how a framework focusing on two core functions of language - reference and propositional meaning - can conceptualize schizophrenic symptoms, identify important variables for risk assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and inform cognitive behavioral therapy and other remedial approaches. We introduce the linguistic phenomena of deictic anchoring and propositional complexity, explain how they relate to schizophrenic symptoms, and demonstrate how they can be tracked in language behavior.
Published: 2016

40. Developing the BALANCE trail--the role of the pilot study and start-up phase

Author: Emma Van der Gucht, Richard Morriss, Ed Juszczak, Heather Young, Jane Hainsworth, Allan H. Young, Nicol Ferrier, Christine Healey, Jennifer M Rendell, John R. Geddes, and Guy M. Goodwin
Subjects: N of 1 trial, Research design, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, Psychological intervention, Pilot Projects, Lithium, Masking (Electronic Health Record), law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, Humans, Bipolar disorder, Biological Psychiatry, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Clinical Trials as Topic, business.industry, Clinical study design, Patient Selection, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Tolerability, Research Design, Physical therapy, Anticonvulsants, Female, business
Abstract: Objectives: The initial design of the BALANCE (Bipolar Affective disorder: Lithium / ANtiConvulsant Comparative Evaluation) Trial of maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder was based on the experience of previous trials in bipolar disorder and psychiatry and on the methods developed for large randomized trials in other areas of medicine. This report describes the adaptations to the initial design and trial procedures following the initial phases of the study. The rationale for the trial and full protocol have been published elsewhere. Methods: A pilot study and start-up phase were used to check the tolerability of the interventions, refine the trial design and develop trial procedures that are acceptable to both clinicians and patients. Results: Changes to the procedures included: the dropping of masking of allocated treatment from clinicians and participants; introduction of the use of postal delivery to supply medication; and dispensing with the proposed schedule of regular follow up appointments. In addition, support was made available to participating psychiatrists who often had limited experience of participating in randomized trials. Conclusions: Pilot studies and start-up phases are essential to refine clinical trial design and allow development of procedures that are both methodologically rigorous and flexible and robust enough to promote recruitment and follow up. BALANCE is now actively recruiting in the UK and USA.
Published: 2016

41. Genome-wide association study of CNVs in 16,000 cases of eight common diseases and 3,000 shared controls

Author: Morris J. Brown, Sanjeev S. Bhaskar, Alison J. Coffey, Suzanne Rafelt, Kirsten McLay, John Bowes, Francesca Bredin, Alastair Compston, John C. Mansfield, Elaine R. Nimmo, Kate Downes, Peter McGuffin, Neil Walker, Anthony J. Balmforth, Philip Howard, Detelina Grozeva, Helen Stevens, Kate L. Lee, Richard D. Pearson, Gerome Breen, T. Daniel Andrews, Sheila Seal, Anna Elliot, Beverley M. Shields, Andrew T. Hattersley, Sarah Edkins, Ann E. Morgan, Gil McVean, Julian Maller, Millicent A. Stone, Adam Auton, Carol Scott, Michael R. Stratton, Matthew Woodburn, John R. B. Perry, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Nigel P. Carter, Vincent Plagnol, Stephen Sawcer, Sarah Hines, Mahim Jain, Allan H. Young, Steve Eyre, Elilan Somaskantharajah, Alexander J. Mentzer, Niall Cardin, Eleanor Howard, Inês Barroso, Stephen C. L. Gough, Toby Johnson, Deborah P M Symmons, Christopher Holmes, David St Clair, Patricia B. Munroe, Sue Shaw-Hawkins, Emma Gray, Stephen W. Scherer, Tariq Ahmad, Jaswinder Bull, Debbie Hughes, E. Russell, Timothy M. Frayling, Chris Clee, I. Nicol Ferrier, James Lee, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Husam Hebaishi, Anne Hinks, Simon Myers, Gareth Evans, Eleftheria Zeggini, Katarina Spanova, Michael L. Mimmack, David M. Reid, Amanda J. Bennett, Richard T. Scott, Armand Valsesia, Derek P. Jewell, Andrew P. Morris, Peter Donnelly, Mark J. Caulfield, Jake K. Byrnes, Lars Feuk, Pile Harrison, Anna F. Dominiczak, Cathryn Edwards, Andrew Dunham, Dalila Pinto, Inga Prokopenko, Ian Jones, Craig Mowat, Nigel R. Ovington, Willem H. Ouwehand, Edward Flynn, Jason D. Cooper, Louise V. Wain, Alistair Forbes, Bernadette Ebbs, Jennifer Jolley, Jonathan Marchini, Peter S. Braund, Ifejinelo Onyiah, Mark Walker, Adrian V. S. Hill, Cordelia Langford, Anne M. Phillips, George Kirov, David P. Strachan, Oliver S. Burren, Martin D. Tobin, Anthony G. Wilson, Ian N. Bruce, Hana Lango-Allen, Alistair S. Hall, Natalie J. Prescott, Charles Lee, Clare Turnbull, Cecilia M. Lindgren, John D. Isaacs, Jack Satsangi, Liz Forty, John M. C. Connell, Neelam Hassanali, Hazel E. Drummond, Matthew A. Brown, John A. Todd, Joanna M. M. Howson, Jennifer G. Sambrook, Graham A. Hitman, Michael N. Weedon, Christopher Yau, Abiodun Onipinla, Kathy Stirrups, Chris Tyler-Smith, Darshna Dudakia, G. Mark Lathrop, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Nazneen Rahman, Christopher J. Groves, William G. Newman, Kirstie Parnell, Stephen G. Ball, Tomas W Fitzgerald, Paul Gilbert, Kevin Lewis, Charlie W. Lees, Polly Gibbs, Rachel M. Freathy, Aarno Palotie, Katarzyna Blaszczyk, Matthew E. Hurles, Jonathan Stephens, Lynne J. Hocking, Nicholas A. Watkins, Christopher G. Mathew, Helen Schuilenburg, David Pernet, Eleni Giannoulatou, Kimmo Palin, Nigel W. Rayner, Donald F. Conrad, Susan M. Ring, John R. Thompson, Debbie J. Smyth, Wendy L. McArdle, B. Paul Wordsworth, David M. Evans, Dunecan Massey, Naomi Hammond, Diana Eccles, Panos Deloukas, Sian Caesar, Chris P. Barnes, Sophia Steer, Anthony Attwood, Chris Wallace, Richard Redon, Paul Burton, Anne Barton, Marcus Pembrey, Michael John Owen, Jane Worthington, Mary E. Travers, Jeremy D. Sanderson, Meeta Maisuria-Armer, Elaine K. Green, Michael A. Quail, Oliver J. Brand, Anne Farmer, Matthew J. Simmonds, Neil Robertson, Nicholas John Craddock, Zhan Su, Jan Aerts, Martin Farrall, Hazel Arbury, Damjan Vukcevic, Paul Emery, Omer Gokumen, A Hall, Wendy Thomson, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Margaret Warren-Perry, Rhian Gwilliam, Sarah E. Hunt, Samuel Robson, Paul Martin, Audrey Duncanson, Anthony Renwick, John Webster, Lisa Jones, Mark I. McCarthy, Nilesh J. Samani, Matthew Hardy, Miles Parkes, John Burton, Jayne A. Franklyn, Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Statistics [Oxford], University of Oxford, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Oxford [Oxford], and Medical Research Council (MRC)
Subjects: endocrine system diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome-wide association study, Pilot Projects, CCL3L1, SUSCEPTIBILITY, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Diabetes mellitus genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, Crohn Disease, Gene Frequency, DUPLICATIONS, SCHIZOPHRENIA, Disease, Copy-number variation, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, PSORIASIS, HERITABILITY, LARGE-SCALE, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Quality Control, DNA Copy Number Variations, General Science & Technology, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, COPY-NUMBER VARIATION, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MD Multidisciplinary, mental disorders, Genetic predisposition, Diabetes Mellitus, SNP, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele frequency, POLYMORPHISMS, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Science & Technology, MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES, DELETION, C431 Medical Genetics, Case-Control Studies, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Copy number variants (CNVs) account for a major proportion of human genetic polymorphism and have been predicted to have an important role in genetic susceptibility to common disease. To address this we undertook a large, direct genome-wide study of association between CNVs and eight common human diseases. Using a purpose-designed array we typed 19,000 individuals into distinct copy-number classes at 3,432 polymorphic CNVs, including an estimated 50% of all common CNVs larger than 500 base pairs. We identified several biological artefacts that lead to false-positive associations, including systematic CNV differences between DNAs derived from blood and cell lines. Association testing and follow-up replication analyses confirmed three loci where CNVs were associated with diseaseIRGM for Crohns disease, HLA for Crohns disease, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and TSPAN8 for type 2 diabetesalthough in each case the locus had previously been identified in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based studies, reflecting our observation that most common CNVs that are well-typed on our array are well tagged by SNPs and so have been indirectly explored through SNP studies. We conclude that common CNVs that can be typed on existing platforms are unlikely to contribute greatly to the genetic basis of common human diseases. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

42. The Impact of Target Frequency on Intra-Individual Variability in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder: A Comparison of Two Sustained Attention Tasks

Author: I. Nicol Ferrier, Peter Gallagher, Lucy Robinson, Stuart Watson, Jill M. Thompson, Rachel Ann Moss, and Andreas Finkelmeyer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coefficient of variation, Significant group, neuropsychology, Attention task, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, In patient, Bipolar disorder, ex-Gaussian distribution, Psychiatry, Original Research, bipolar disorder, variability, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Neuropsychology, Cognition, medicine.disease, Intra individual, attention, Psychiatry and Mental health, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Greater intra-individual variability (IIV) in reaction time (RT) on a sustained attention task has been reported in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared with healthy controls. However, it is unclear whether IIV is task-specific, or whether it represents general cross-task impairment in BD. The present study aimed to investigate whether IIV occurs in sustained attention tasks with different parameters. Twenty-two patients with BD (currently euthymic) and 17 controls completed two sustained attention tasks on separate occasions: a low target frequency (~20%) Vigil Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and a high target frequency (~70%) CPT version A-X (CPT-AX). Variability measures (individual standard deviation and coefficient of variation) were calculated per participant, and ex-Gaussian modeling was also applied. This was supplemented by Vincentile analysis to characterize RT distributions. Results indicated that participants (patients and controls) were generally slower and more variable when completing the Vigil CPT, compared to CPT-AX. Significant group differences were also observed in the Vigil CPT, with euthymic BD patients being more variable than controls. This result suggests that IIV in BD demonstrates some degree of task-specificity. Further research should incorporate analysis of additional RT distributional models (Drift Diffusion and Fast Fourier Transform), to fully characterize the pattern of IIV in BD, as well as its relationship to cognitive processes.
Published: 2016

43. The impact and measurement of social dysfunction in late-life depression: an evaluation of current methods with a focus on wearable technology

Author: Sophie Hodgetts, I. Nicol Ferrier, Daniel Stow, John T. O'Brien, Peter Gallagher, O'Brien, John [0000-0002-0837-5080], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, late-life depression, 03 medical and health sciences, Wearable Electronic Devices, wearable technology, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Digital economy, Social Behavior, Wearable technology, Aged, sub_healthsciences, Medical education, Depressive Disorder, sub_psychology, business.industry, Depression, self-report, Late life depression, sub_cognitivebehaviour, Medical research, University hospital, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Affect, Newcastle upon tyne, Research centre, social function, sub_socialpsychology, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Psychology, Social Adjustment, sub_psychotherapy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: $\textbf{OBJECTIVE}$: Depression is known to negatively impact social functioning, with patients commonly reporting difficulties maintaining social relationships. Moreover, a large body of evidence suggests poor social functioning is not only present in depression but that social functioning is an important factor in illness course and outcome. In addition, good social relationships can play a protective role against the onset of depressive symptoms, particularly in late-life depression. However, the majority of research in this area has employed self-report measures of social function. This approach is problematic, as due to their reliance on memory, such measures are prone to error from the neurocognitive impairments of depression, as well as mood-congruent biases. $\textbf{METHOD}$: Narrative review based on searches of the Web of Science and PubMed database(s) from the start of the databases, until the end of 2015. $\textbf{RESULTS}$: The present review provides an overview of the literature on social functioning in (late-life) depression and discusses the potential for new technologies to improve the measurement of social function in depressed older adults. In particular, the use of wearable technology to collect direct, objective measures of social activity, such as physical activity and speech, is considered. $\textbf{CONCLUSION}$: In order to develop a greater understanding of social functioning in late-life depression, future research should include the development and validation of more direct, objective measures in conjunction with subjective self-report measures.
Published: 2016

44. The effect of self-monitoring on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a pilot study

Author: Robinson, Lucy J., Gray, John M., I. Nicol Ferrier, and Gallagher, Peter
Abstract: Objectives: Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show executive impairment. Assisting cognitive function with non-pharmacological strategies has not been widely explored in BD. In schizophrenia, concomitant verbalisation (self-monitoring) during executive tests improved performance. The present pilot study assesses the effects of self-monitoring whilst completing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in BD patients. Methods: Thirty-six euthymic BD patients and 42 healthy controls participated. Twenty patients with BD and 20 controls received standard administration and 16 patients and 22 controls used self-monitoring during the test. Results: ANCOVA revealed a significant “group by administration” interaction. Patients who received the standard administration were significantly worse than healthy controls (trials administered: p = .012, ηp2 = 0.17; trials to first category: p = .046, ηp2 = 0.11; failure to maintain set: p = .003, ηp2 = 0.23). BD patients who self-monitored performed significantly better than patients receiving the standard administration (trials to first category: p = .020, ηp2 = 0.17) and showed no significant differences in performance compared to controls. Conclusion: Self-monitoring deserves further investigation as a tool that may be helpful for patients with BD. Further exploration of the utility, generalisability, and stability of the effects of self-monitoring is needed.
Published: 2016
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45. Localization of type 1 diabetes susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A

Author: Nejentsev, Sergey, Howson, Joanna M. M., Walker, Neil M., Szeszko, Jeffrey, Field, Sarah F., Stevens, Helen E., Reynolds, Pamela, Hardy, Matthew, King, Erna, Masters, Jennifer, Hulme, John, Maier, Lisa M., Smyth, Deborah, Bailey, Rebecca, Cooper, Jason D., Ribas, Gloria, Campbell, R. Duncan, Clayton, David G., Todd, John A., Burton, Paul R., Cardon, Lon R., Craddock, Nick, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Kwiatkowski, Dominic P., McCarthy, Mark I., Ouwehand, Willem H., Samani, Nilesh J., Donnelly, Peter, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Davison, Dan, Easton, Doug, Evans, David, Leung, Hin-Tak, Marchini, Jonathan L., Morris, Andrew P., Spencer, Chris C. A., Tobin, Martin D., Attwood, Antony P., Boorman, James P., Cant, Barbara, Everson, Ursula, Hussey, Judith M., Jolley, Jennifer D., Knight, Alexandra S., Koch, Kerstin, Meech, Elizabeth, Nutland, Sarah, Prowse, Christopher V., Taylor, Niall C., Walters, Graham R., Watkins, Nicholas A., Winzer, Thilo, Jones, Richard W., McArdle, Wendy L., Ring, Susan M., Strachan, David P., Pembrey, Marcus, Breen, Gerome, St Clair, David, Caesar, Sian, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Jones, Lisa, Fraser, Christine, Green, Elaine K., Grozeva, Detelina, Hamshere, Marian L., Holmans, Peter A., Jones, Ian R., Kirov, George, Moskvina, Valentina, Nikolov, Ivan, O'Donovan, Michael C., Owen, Michael J., Collier, David A., Elkin, Amanda, Farmer, Anne, Williamson, Richard, McGuffin, Peter, Young, Allan H., Nicol Ferrier, I., Ball, Stephen G., Balmforth, Anthony J., Barrett, Jennifer H., Bishop, D. Timothy, Iles, Mark M., Maqbool, Azhar, Yuldasheva, Nadira, Hall, Alistair S., Braund, Peter S., Dixon, Richard J., Mangino, Massimo, Stevens, Suzanne, Thompson, John R., Bredin, Francesca, Tremelling, Mark, Parkes, Miles, Drummond, Hazel, Lees, Charles W., Nimmo, Elaine R., Satsangi, Jack, Fisher, Sheila A., Forbes, Alastair, Lewis, Cathryn M., Onnie, Clive M., Prescott, Natalie J., Sanderson, Jeremy, Mathew, Christopher G., Barbour, Jamie, Khalid Mohiuddin, M., Todhunter, Catherine E., Mansfield, John C., Ahmad, Tariq, Cummings, Fraser R., Jewell, Derek P., Webster, John, Brown, Morris J., Lathrop, G. Mark, Connell, John, Dominiczak, Anna, Braga, Carolina A., Burke, Beverley, Dobson, Richard, Gungadoo, Johannie, Lee, Kate L., Munroe, Patricia B., Newhouse, Stephen J., Onipinla, Abiodun, Wallace, Chris, Xue, Mingzhan, Caulfield, Mark, Farrall, Martin, Barton, Anne, Bruce, Ian N., Donovan, Hannah, Eyre, Steve, Gilbert, Paul D., Hider, Samantha L., Hinks, Anne M., John, Sally L., Potter, Catherine, Silman, Alan J., Symmons, Deborah P. M., Thomson, Wendy, Worthington, Jane, Dunger, David B., Widmer, Barry, Frayling, Timothy M., Freathy, Rachel M., Lango, Hana, Perry, John R. B., Shields, Beverley M., Weedon, Michael N., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hitman, Graham A., Walker, Mark, Elliott, Kate S., Groves, Christopher J., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Rayner, Nigel W., Timpson, Nicholas J., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Newport, Melanie, Sirugo, Giorgio, Lyons, Emily, Vannberg, Fredrik, Hill, Adrian V. S., Bradbury, Linda A., Farrar, Claire, Pointon, Jennifer J., Wordsworth, Paul, Brown, Matthew A., Franklyn, Jayne A., Heward, Joanne M., Simmonds, Matthew J., Gough, Stephen C. L., Seal, Sheila, Stratton, Michael R., Rahman, Nazneen, Ban, Maria, Goris, An, Sawcer, Stephen J., Compston, Alastair, Conway, David, Jallow, Muminatou, Rockett, Kirk A., Bryan, Claire, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., Chaney, Amy, Downes, Kate, Ghori, Jilur, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah E., Inouye, Michael, Keniry, Andrew, King, Emma, McGinnis, Ralph, Potter, Simon, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Whittaker, Pamela, Withers, David, Cardin, Niall J., Ferreira, Teresa, Pereira-Gale, Joanne, Hallgrimsdottir, Ingeleif B., Howie, Bryan N., Su, Zhan, Ying Teo, Yik, Vukcevic, Damjan, Bentley, David, and Compston, Alistair
Subjects: Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract: Author(s): Sergey Nejentsev [1, 57]; Joanna M. M. Howson (corresponding author) [1, 57]; Neil M. Walker [1]; Jeffrey Szeszko [1]; Sarah F. Field [1]; Helen E. Stevens [1]; Pamela Reynolds [...]
Published: 2007
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46. The physical health challenges in patients with severe mental illness: cardiovascular and metabolic risks

Author: Bill Deakin, Nicol Ferrier, Nilesh J. Samani, Helen Millar, David J. Nutt, Richard I. G. Holt, Gavin P. Reynolds, and David Taylor
Subjects: Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Physical health, Disease, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Clinical neurology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Pharmacology (medical), In patient, Risk factor, Psychiatry, business
Abstract: This supplement is the output of a roundtable discussion, attended by a multidisciplinary panel with a broad range of expertise, which includes the treatment of severe mental illness, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and pharmaceutical prescribing.The roundtable and writing of the supplement were organised and paid for by MSD, including the payment of Steve Titmarsh, a medical writer who was involved in the preparation and editing of this document
Published: 2010

47. Invited Speakers

Author: Nicol Ferrier
Subjects: Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, General Medicine, Toxicology, Psychiatry, business, Management of depression
Published: 2009

48. Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure

Author: Peter Holmans, Udo Seedorf, Beverley M. Shields, Peter McGruffin, Arne Pfeufer, Steve Eyre, Nathalie J. Prescott, Michael Boehnke, Valentina Moskovina, Abiodun Onipinla, Leena Peltonen, Nadira Yuldasheva, Peter M. Nilsson, Valeria Romanazzi, Vincent Mooser, Göran Berglund, Alistair S. Hall, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Barry Widmer, Benjamin F. Voight, Stefania Bandinelli, Mark M. Iles, Sven Bergmann, Thomas Meitinger, James P. Boorman, Simonetta Guarrera, Nazneen Rahman, Murielle Bochud, Graham A. Hitman, Emma Keniry, Nelson B. Freimer, Richard Dobson, Francis S. Collins, Gerjan Navis, Jennifer L. Pointon, Richard N. Bergman, Ruth J. F. Loos, Roberto Lorbeer, Carolina A. Braga Marcano, Christian Gieger, Florian Ernst, Xin Yuan, Catherine Potter, Hazel E. Drummond, Allan H. Young, George Kirov, John F. Peden, Helen Stevens, David Clayton, Mattijs E. Numans, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Anne Farmer, Alastair Forbes, M. Khalid Mohiuddin, John A. Todd, Christopher G. Mathew, David A. Collier, Mark I. McCarthy, Francesca Bredin, Clive M. Onnie, Dan Davidson, Markus Perola, Pamela Whittaker, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Rathi Ravindrarajan, I. C.A. Spencer, Teresa Ferreira, Nilesh J. Samani, Serge Hercberg, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Christopher J. Groves, Nicholas John Craddock, Angela Döring, Edward G. Lakatta, Muminatou Jallow, Wendy L. McArdle, David Bentley, Susana Eyheramendy, Uwe Völker, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Jaspal S. Kooner, Hugh Watkins, Gavin Lucas, H. T. Leung, Marjo Ritta Jarvelin, Johanna Kuusisto, Wiek H. van Gilst, Wendy Thomson, Lou R. Cardon, Harold Snieder, Marju Orho-Melander, Patricia B. Munroe, Toshiko Tanaka, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Azhar Maqbool, Henry Völzke, John M. C. Connell, Elaine R. Nimmo, John R. B. Perry, Michael R. Stratton, Ralph McGinnis, Pekka Jousilahti, Michiel L. Bots, Ian Jones, Elizabeth Meech, Matthew A. Brown, Johannie Gungadoo, Jian'an Luan, Jilur Ghori, Richard J. Dixon, N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, Fulvio Ricceri, Anthony J. Balmforth, Catherine E. Todhunter, Inês Barroso, Sheila Bingham, Timo T. Valle, Fredrik O. Vannberg, Diana Zelenika, Stephen Sawcer, Anneli Pouta, David M. Evans, Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal, Pilar Galan, Georg Homuth, Hannah Donovan, David J. Conway, Paul Elliott, Alessandra Allione, Paul E. de Jong, Miles Parkes, Amy Chaney, John C. Chambers, Toby Johnson, Isaac Subirana, Vesela Gateva, Cathryn M. Lewis, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Hana Lango, David Schlessinger, Mark J. Caulfield, Thorsten Reffelmann, Jamie Barbour, Karen L. Mohlke, Sarah E. Hunt, Thilo Winzer, Frances M K Williams, Christopher Mathew, I. Wallace, Anuj Goel, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Louise V. Wain, Gabriel Crawford, Samantha L. Hider, Detelinea Grozeva, Elaine K. Green, Paul D. Gilbert, Peter S. Braund, Jaume Marrugat, Rainer Rettig, Pim van der Harst, Yik Ying Teo, Andrew P. Morris, Guiseppe Matullo, Serena Sanna, Cristen J. Willer, Suzannah Bumpstead, Niall C. Taylor, Jacques S. Beckmann, Pierre Meneton, Elin Org, Luigi Ferrucci, Doug Easton, Sheila Seal, Joanne M. Heward, Anne U. Jackson, Eleftheria Zeggini, Rachel M. Freathy, Maris Laan, Paul Wordsworth, Sarah Nutland, Kerstin Koch, Sian Ceasar, Anders Hamsten, Judith M. Hussey, Tariq Ahmad, Derek P. Jewell, Paul Scheet, Charlie W. Lees, C Farrar, Christopher Prowse, Markku Laakso, David St Clair, Kate Downes, Diederick E. Grobbee, Paul Burton, Simon C. Potter, Ian N. Bruce, Tim D. Spector, Anne Barton, H.-Erich Wichmann, Matthew J. Simmonds, David Hadley, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Gérard Waeber, Nigel W. Rayner, Melanie J. Newport, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Audrey Duncanson, Guangju Zhai, Simon Heath, Susan M. Ring, Alessandra Di Gregorio, Richard Williamson, Nicholas J. Wareham, Zhan Su, Olle Melander, John R. Thompson, Alexander Teumer, Sheila A. Fisher, Lachlan J. M. Coin, Leif Groop, Giovanni Tognoni, Amanda Elkin, Alan J. Silman, Jack Satsangi, Jane Worthington, Martin Farrall, John Webster, Niall Cardin, Neil Walker, Anna F. Dominiczak, Jeremy D. Sanderson, Damjan Vukcevic, Bryan Howie, Silvia Polidoro, Stephen G. Ball, Mark Tremelling, Stephen Newhouse, Stephen M. Schwartz, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Chris Wallace, Kijoung Song, Mario A. Morken, I. Nicol Ferrier, Beverley Barke, Paolo Vineis, Manuela Uda, Deborah P M Symmons, Emily J. Lyons, Mingzhan Xue, Timothy M. Frayling, Stephen C.L. Cough, David Withers, Adrian V. S. Hill, Suzanne Stevens, Jennifer Jolley, Marcus Dörr, Kirk A. Rockett, David B. Dunger, Mark Walker, Jayne A. Franklyn, Lisa Jones, David S. Siscovick, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Laura J. Scott, Morris J. Brown, Barbera Cant, Michael Inouye, Feng Zhang, Carlotta Sacerdote, Katherine S. Elliott, Jonathan Marchini, Peter Donnely, Michael John Owen, An Goris, Marcus Prembey, Andrew T. Hattersley, Gerome Breen, Marian L. Hamshere, Thomas Illig, Samer S. Najjar, Nicole Soranzo, Kay-Tee Khaw, Graham R. Walters, Willem H. Ouwehand, David P. Strachan, Martin D. Tobin, Alastair Compston, John C. Mansfield, David Altshuler, Salvatore Panico, Sekar Kathiresan, Dawn M. Waterworth, Michael N. Weedon, D. Timothy Bishop, Claire Bryan, Alexandra S. Knight, Kate L. Lee, Paul F. O'Reilly, Massimo Mangino, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Jing Hua Zhao, Konstantinos A. Papadakis, Jennifer H. Barrett, Joanne Pereira-Gale, N J Timpson, Stephan B. Felix, Panos Deloukas, Nicholas A. Watkins, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Peter Vollenweider, Richard Jones, Anne Hinks, Fraser Cummings, Noha Lim, Linda A. Bradbury, Rhian G. William, Nita G. Forouhi, Roberto Eluosa, Ingeleif B. Hallgrimsdottir, Giorgio Sirugo, Robert Luben, Veikko Salomaa, Robert Clarke, Sally John, Ursula Everson, Emma King, Ivan Nikolov, Heather M. Stringham, Antony P. Attwood, Angelo Scuteri, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Burton, PR., Clayton, DG., Cardon, LR., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Duncanson, A., Kwiatkowski, DP., McCarthy, MI., Ouwehand, WH., Samani, NJ., Todd, JA., Donnelly, P., Barrett, JC., Davison, D., Easton, D., Evans, D., Leung, HT., Marchini, JL., Morris, AP., Spencer, IC., Tobin, MD., Attwood, AP., Boorman, JP., Cant, B., Everson, U., Hussey, JM., Jolley, JD., Knight, AS., Koch, K., Meech, E., Nutland, S., Prowse, CV., Stevens, HE., Taylor, NC., Walters, GR., Walker, NM., Watkins, NA., Winzer, T., Jones, RW., McArdle, WL., Ring, SM., Strachan, DP., Pembrey, M., Breen, G., St Clair, D., Caesar, S., Gordon-Smith, K., Jones, L., Fraser, C., Green, EK., Grozeva, D., Hamshere, ML., Holmans, PA., Jones, IR., Kirov, G., Moskvina, V., Nikolov, I., O'Donovan, MC., Owen, MJ., Collier, DA., Elkin, A., Farmer, A., Williamson, R., McGuffin, P., Young, AH., Ferrier, IN., Ball, SG., Balmforth, AJ., Barrett, JH., Bishop, DT., Iles, MM., Maqbool, A., Yuldasheva, N., Hall, AS., Braund, PS., Dixon, RJ., Mangino, M., Stevens, S., Thompson, JR., Bredin, F., Tremelling, M., Parkes, M., Drummond, H., Lees, CW., Nimmo, ER., Satsangi, J., Fisher, SA., Forbes, A., Lewis, CM., Onnie, CM., Prescott, NJ., Sanderson, J., Mathew, CG., Barbour, J., Mohiuddin, MK., Todhunter, CE., Mansfield, JC., Ahmad, T., Cummings, FR., Jewell, DP., Webster, J., Brown, MJ., Lathrop, GM., Connell, J., Dominiczak, A., Braga Marcano, CA., Burke, B., Dobson, R., Gungadoo, J., Lee, KL., Munroe, PB., Newhouse, SJ., Onipinla, A., Wallace, I., Xue, M., Caulfield, M., Farrall, M., Barton, A., Bruce, IN., Donovan, H., Eyre, S., Gilbert, PD., Hider, SL., Hinks, AM., John, SL., Potter, C., Silman, AJ., Symmons, DP., Thomson, W., Worthington, J., Dunger, DB., Widmer, B., Frayling, TM., Freathy, RM., Lango, H., Perry, JR., Shields, BM., Weedon, MN., Hattersley, AT., Hitman, GA., Walker, M., Elliott, KS., Groves, CJ., Lindgren, CM., Rayner, NW., Timpson, NJ., Zeggini, E., Newport, M., Sirugo, G., Lyons, E., Vannberg, F., Hill, AV., Bradbury, LA., Farrar, C., Pointon, JJ., Wordsworth, P., Brown, MA., Franklyn, JA., Heward, JM., Simmonds, MJ., Gough, SC., Seal, S., Stratton, MR., Rahman, N., Ban, M., Goris, A., Sawcer, SJ., Compston, A., Conway, D., Jallow, M., Rockett, KA., Bryan, C., Bumpstead, SJ., Chaney, A., Downes, K., Ghori, J., Gwilliam, R., Hunt, SE., Inouye, M., Keniry, A., King, E., McGinnis, R., Potter, S., Ravindrarajah, R., Whittaker, P., Withers, D., Cardin, NJ., Ferreira, T., Pereira-Gale, J., Hallgrimsdóttir, IB., Howie, BN., Su, Z., Teo, YY., Vukcevic, D., Bentley, D., Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Vascular Ageing Programme (VAP), and Medical Research Council (MRC)
Subjects: Hemodynamics, Genome-wide association study, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Diastole, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, POPULATION, Genetics, Genetics & Heredity, RISK, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Econometric and Statistical Methods: General, CELL-DIFFERENTIATION, biology, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Chromosome Mapping, Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase, COMMON VARIANTS, 3. Good health, DNA-Binding Proteins, Europe, Cardiovascular Diseases, PUBLIC-HEALTH, BARTTERS-SYNDROME, Blood Pressure/genetics, Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics, Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics, Diastole/genetics, European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, Fibroblast Growth Factor 5/genetics, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, India, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics, Open Reading Frames/genetics, Phospholipase C delta/genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Proteins/genetics, Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics, Systole/genetics, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, hypertension, Fibroblast Growth Factor 5, Systole, Population, European Continental Ancestry Group, METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, LOW-RENIN HYPERTENSION, White People, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Open Reading Frames, Fibroblast growth factor-5, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2, Geneeskunde(GENK), education, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2), Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, genome-wide association, Science & Technology, MUTATIONS, Proteins, 06 Biological Sciences, POLYMORPHISM, Blood pressure, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, biology.protein, biology.gene, Phospholipase C delta, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Elevated blood pressure is a common, heritable cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. To date, identification of common genetic variants influencing blood pressure has proven challenging. We tested 2.5 million genotyped and imputed SNPs for association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 34,433 subjects of European ancestry from the Global BPgen consortium and followed up findings with direct genotyping (N ≤ 71,225 European ancestry, N ≤ 12,889 Indian Asian ancestry) and in silico comparison (CHARGE consortium, N = 29,136). We identified association between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and common variants in eight regions near the CYP17A1 (P = 7 × 10(-24)), CYP1A2 (P = 1 × 10(-23)), FGF5 (P = 1 × 10(-21)), SH2B3 (P = 3 × 10(-18)), MTHFR (P = 2 × 10(-13)), c10orf107 (P = 1 × 10(-9)), ZNF652 (P = 5 × 10(-9)) and PLCD3 (P = 1 × 10(-8)) genes. All variants associated with continuous blood pressure were associated with dichotomous hypertension. These associations between common variants and blood pressure and hypertension offer mechanistic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and may point to novel targets for interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Published: 2009

49. Pharmacological management of bipolar affective disorder

Author: I. Nicol Ferrier and R. Hamish McAllister-Williams
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Lithium (medication), business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Mood stabilizer, Lamotrigine, medicine.disease, behavioral disciplines and activities, Psychiatry and Mental health, mental disorders, Medicine, Antidepressant, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole, Bipolar disorder, Pshychiatric Mental Health, medicine.symptom, business, Psychiatry, Mania, medicine.drug
Abstract: Lithium is the ‘gold standard’ of the many drug treatments used in bipolar disorder. It has efficacy in the treatment of mania, prophylaxis against manic relapses, and, to a lesser extent, prophylaxis against depressive relapses. It decreases suicidal risk. Blood monitoring of lithium is essential. In addition to side effects, problems include rebound mania on abrupt cessation of lithium and teratogenetic risks. Carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine are anticonvulsants with an evidence base in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine is anti-manic, but is poorly tolerated and associated with many pharmacokinetic interactions. Valproate is also anti-manic and is prophylactic, especially against mania, but its antidepressant effects in bipolar disorder are unclear. It is associated with many problems when used during pregnancy, and should be avoided in women of childbearing potential. Lamotrigine is not licensed for use in bipolar disorder in the UK, but has some evidence for effectiveness in bipolar depression and, more particularly, prophylaxis against depressive relapse. It must be introduced slowly to avoid dangerous skin reactions. Other anticonvulsants have no evidence supporting their use. Antipsychotics, including the atypicals, are effective in treating mania. Olanzapine and aripiprazole are also licensed for continuation treatment in acute responders. Quetiapine has evidence for effectiveness in both bipolar mania and bipolar depression. The efficacy of antidepressants in bipolar disorder is unclear. Tricyclic antidepressants and mono-amine oxidase inhibitors should probably be avoided, owing to a possible risk of switching to mania. In general, antidepressants should be used in conjunction with a mood stabilizer and for the shortest period necessary.
Published: 2009

50. Family Illness History, Obstetric Complications and Age of Onset in Bipolar Patients

Author: Selim M. El-Badri, Heather C. Ashton, P. Brian Moore, and I. Nicol Ferrier
Subjects: Pharmacology, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, business.industry, Late onset, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Exact test, Mood, Mood disorders, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Bipolar disorder, Family history, Age of onset, Psychiatry, business
Abstract: The study examined the relationship between obstetric complications, genetic risk and age of illness onset in bipolar disorder. Thirty DSM-IV bipolar I patients in remission (ages 21-39yr, mean 30.7 + 6.1yr.) and twenty seven healthy controls (ages 19-39yr, mean 27.7 + 7.0yr.) were investigated using structured interview, life chart and pregnancy and birth complica- tions questionnaire. Family history, pregnancy and birth complications and age of illness onset were collected. Compari- sons were made between patients and controls and also between patient groups with age of illness onset before and after the age of 21 years. Obstetric complications were more common in patients (effect size= 0.48) than controls but this was not significant statis- tically (Fisher's exact test, p=0.13). There was a non-significant excess in early onset patients. Family histories of mood disorder were found in 22 out of 30 bipolar subjects, but rates in early and late onset groups did not differ (p=0.35). The study failed to find evidence of either increased rates of obstetric complications in bipolar disorder patients or of a link between age of illness onset and a family history of mood disorders. The power of the study was limited by a sample size and difficulties in obtaining unequivocal obstetric data. The finding is in agreement with a recent metanalysis. The large effect size indicates that larger study of obstetric complications in bipolar disorder subjects is justified, looking par- ticularly for subgroups for which there may be an association between complications and clinical variables.
Published: 2009

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