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This paper presents a preliminary study of the effects of the anesthetics propofol, remifentanil, and vecuronium bromide on the rheological properties of glycated erythrocytes in vitro, modeling the glycation by hyperglycemia observed in diabetes. Viscoelastic and aggregation kinetic parameters of erythrocytes were determined using an erythrocyte rheometer and an optical chip aggregometer developed in our laboratory. The results showed significant alterations in the membrane surface viscosity, the elastic modulus, and the erythrocyte deformability index for the different anesthetics studied. Also, the kinetics aggregation parameters showed different types of alterations due to the effect of anesthetics. This preliminary study suggests that the use of these anesthetics in diabetic patients could induce hemorheological alterations that disturb the microcirculation. For this reason, it is recommended to deepen these investigations to prevent complications in surgical procedures.

Several studies report flow disturbance and microcirculation disorders upon anesthesia treatment. These alterations are often related to blood rheology changes. In this work, it was attempted to make a detailed description of the alterations in erythrocyte mechanical properties by the action of propofol, remifentanil, and vecuronium. For this, an in vitro study was performed on red blood cell samples from healthy donors incubated with solutions of propofol (4 μg/ml whole blood), remifentanil (10 ng/ml plasma), and vecuronium (0.15 μg/ml plasma). Erythrocyte viscoelastic parameters were determined by octuplicate using a Reometro Eritrocitario. Also, a Wilcoxon signed rank-test with Yates correction for continuity was performed to analyze the overall alteration in the mechanical properties of erythrocytes. Statistical analysis showed that the three studied anesthetics changed the erythrocyte mechanical properties at different parts of the membrane. These results would imply an interaction of these anesthetics with the erythrocyte membrane. Finally, this could conduce to alterations in microcirculation.

Drugs used during anesthesia could enhance microvascular flow disturbance, not only for their systemic cardiovascular actions but also by a direct effect on the microcirculation and in particular on hemorheology. This is particularly important in high-risk surgical patients such as those with vascular disease (diabetes, hypertension, etc.). Therefore, in this work we propose a set of innovative parameters obtained by digital analysis of microscopic images to study the in vitro hemorheological effect of propofol and vecuronium on red blood cell from type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy donors. Obtained innovative parameters allow quantifying alterations in erythrocyte aggregation, which can increase the in vivo risk of microcapillary obstruction.

Aims: To determine whether immunotherapy with heat-killed, selected Actinomycetales species could influence the progression of spontaneous Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in a rat model. Materials & methods: Preparations of either Gordonia bronchialis, Tsukamurella inchonensis or a saline placebo were given by three subcutaneous injections, 30 days apart, starting when rats were aged 120 days, just before development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and at day 440, when the disease was well established. Bodyweight, blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin levels were measured to determine the effects and at the end of the experiments, animals were subjected to necropsy. Results: The development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus was prevented by both reagents, most effectively by T. inchonensis. In the treatment experiment, the effects of the disease were reduced by both treatments, markedly so by T. inchonensis. In both experiments obesity was reduced in treated animals. The possible mechanisms of action are discussed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the studied rats is associated with obesity, and that both diabetes and obesity can be prevented or improved by treatment with Actinomycetales immune modulators.

In vitro hemorheological action of propofol in diabetic patients can be evaluated by means of digital image analysis. Obtained innovative parameters allow quantifying erythrocyte aggregation alterations, which can increase the possibility of microcapillar obstruction. Article not available.