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2. Natural medicine HLXL targets multiple pathways of amyloid-mediated neuroinflammation and immune response in treating alzheimer's disease

Author

Yingxia Liang, David Y.W. Lee, Sherri Zhen, Haoqi Sun, Biyue Zhu, Jing Liu, Dan Lei, Chih-Chung Jerry Lin, Siyi Zhang, Nicholas A. Jacques, Luisa Quinti, Chongzhao Ran, Changning Wang, Ana Griciuc, Se Hoon Choi, Rong Hua Dai, Thomas Efferth, Rudolph E. Tanzi, and Can Zhang

Subjects
Pharmacology, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Pharmaceutical Science, Mice, Transgenic, Amyloidosis, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phagocytosis, Alzheimer Disease, Drug Discovery, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Molecular Medicine, Animals, Microglia
Abstract

Based on the complex pathology of AD, a single chemical approach may not be sufficient to deal simultaneously with multiple pathways of amyloid-tau neuroinflammation. A polydrug approach which contains multiple bioactive components targeting multiple pathways in AD would be more appropriate. Here we focused on a Chinese medicine (HLXL), which contains 56 bioactive natural products identified in 11 medicinal plants and displays potent anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory activity.We investigated the neuroimmune and neuroinflammation mechanisms by which HLXL may attenuate AD neuropathology. Specifically, we investigated the effects of HLXL on the neuropathology of AD using both transgenic mouse models as well as microglial cell-based models.The 5XFAD transgenic animals and microglial cell models were respectively treated with HLXL and Aβ42, and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then analyzed focusing on microglia mediated Aβ uptake and clearance, as well as pathway changes.We showed that HLXL significantly reduced amyloid neuropathology by upregulation of microglia-mediated phagocytosis of Aβ both in vivo and in vitro. HLXL displayed multi-modal mechanisms regulating pathways of phagocytosis and energy metabolism.Our results may not only open a new avenue to support pharmacologic modulation of neuroinflammation and the neuroimmune system for AD intervention, but also identify HLXL as a promising natural medicine for AD.It is conceivable that the traditional wisdom of natural medicine in combination with modern science and technology would be the best strategy in developing effective therapeutics for AD.

Published
2021

3. Fructan formation in transgenic white clover expressing a fructosyltransferase from Streptococcus salivarius

Author

Annette J Snow, Nicholas A Jacques, Thomas J. V. Higgins, Colin L. D. Jenkins, Richard J. Simpson, Philip J. Larkin, Jenifer Pritchard, and J. M. Gibson

Subjects
Sucrose, biology, Starch, fungi, food and beverages, Context (language use), Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Photosynthesis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Streptococcus salivarius, Fructan, chemistry, Botany, Trifolium repens, Agronomy and Crop Science, Legume
Abstract

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an important pasture legume that does not normally accumulate fructan as a storage carbohydrate. We have generated transgenic white clover plants that accumulate fructan, by expressing the fructosyltransferase (Ftf) enzyme from the bacterium Streptococcus salivarius under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Fructan accumulated in leaves, petioles, stolons, flowers, and roots of transgenic plants. Levels of fructan up to approximately 2% dry weight were measured in leaves. The fructan was of high molecular mass ( > 5000 kDa), typical of bacterial fructans. Ftf enzyme activity up to 120 nmol min–1 g–1 fresh weight was determined in leaf extracts of the transformed plants, and appeared to be stable throughout leaf development. Most transformed lines appeared normal, flowered and produced seed, but the growth rate of some transformed lines decreased. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and levels of endogenous carbohydrates (hexoses, sucrose and starch) were not substantially changed in a clonal line with relatively low fructan. However, in a clonal line with relatively high fructan accumulation, plant growth was reduced, leaf photosynthesis was decreased by 60%, and carbohydrate contents were reduced. The results are discussed in the context of manipulating soluble carbohydrate composition in pasture species to improve nutritive quality for grazing animals.

Published
2020

4. Reversible coordinative binding and separation of sulfur dioxide in a robust metal-organic framework with open copper sites

Author

Gianfelice Cinque, Harry G. W. Godfrey, Svemir Rudić, Anibal J. Ramirez-Cuesta, Jiangnan Li, Sihai Yang, Xue Han, Timothy L. Easun, Nicholas M. Jacques, Laura J. McCormick McPherson, Martin Schröder, Jennifer E. Eyley, Sarah J. Day, Mark D. Frogley, Yongqiang Cheng, Chiu C. Tang, Simon J. Teat, Xinran Zhang, Stephen P. Argent, and Gemma L. Smith

Subjects
Flue gas, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Raw material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Desorption, Molecule, General Materials Science, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Sulfur dioxide, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Copper, 0104 chemical sciences, Climate Action, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Mechanics of Materials, Metal-organic framework, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Emissions of SO2 from flue gas and marine transport have detrimental impacts on the environment and human health, but SO2 is also an important industrial feedstock if it can be recovered, stored and transported efficiently. Here we report the exceptional adsorption and separation of SO2 in a porous material, [Cu2(L)] (H4L = 4′,4‴-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)bis([1,1′-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylic acid)), MFM-170. MFM-170 exhibits fully reversible SO2 uptake of 17.5 mmol g−1 at 298 K and 1.0 bar, and the SO2 binding domains for trapped molecules within MFM-170 have been determined. We report the reversible coordination of SO2 to open Cu(ii) sites, which contributes to excellent adsorption thermodynamics and selectivities for SO2 binding and facile regeneration of MFM-170 after desorption. MFM-170 is stable to water, acid and base and shows great promise for the dynamic separation of SO2 from simulated flue gas mixtures, as confirmed by breakthrough experiments.

Published
2019

5. Locating the binding domains in a highly selective mixed matrix membrane via synchrotron IR microspectroscopy

Author

Gianfelice Cinque, Sihai Yang, Mathew Savage, Peter Rought, Harry G. W. Godfrey, Mark D. Frogley, Nicholas M. Jacques, Detlev Fritsch, Tamoghna Mitra, Martin Schröder, Lei Li, and Publica

Subjects
In situ, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, law.invention, law, Materials Chemistry, Solubility, chemistry.chemical_classification, Metals and Alloys, General Chemistry, Polymer, Permeation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Membrane, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Permeability (electromagnetism), Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Selectivity
Abstract

The binding domains within a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) that is selective for CO2 comprising MFM-300(Al) and the polymer 6FDA-Durene-DABA have been established via in situ synchrotron IR microspectroscopy. The MOF crystals are fully accessible and play a critical role in the binding of CO2, creating a selective pathway to promote permeation of CO2 within and through the MMM. This study reveals directly the molecular mechanism for the overall enhanced performance of this MMM in terms of permeability, solubility and selectivity for CO2.

Published
2018

6. Reversible coordinative binding and separation of sulfur dioxide in a robust metal-organic framework with open copper sites

Author

Gemma L, Smith, Jennifer E, Eyley, Xue, Han, Xinran, Zhang, Jiangnan, Li, Nicholas M, Jacques, Harry G W, Godfrey, Stephen P, Argent, Laura J, McCormick McPherson, Simon J, Teat, Yongqiang, Cheng, Mark D, Frogley, Gianfelice, Cinque, Sarah J, Day, Chiu C, Tang, Timothy L, Easun, Svemir, Rudić, Anibal J, Ramirez-Cuesta, Sihai, Yang, and Martin, Schröder

Abstract

Emissions of SO

Published
2018

7. Polycatenated 2D Hydrogen-Bonded Binary Supramolecular Organic Frameworks (SOFs) with Enhanced Gas Adsorption and Selectivity

Author

Jian, Lü, Cristina, Perez-Krap, Fabien, Trousselet, Yong, Yan, Nada H, Alsmail, Bahar, Karadeniz, Nicholas M, Jacques, William, Lewis, Alexander J, Blake, François-Xavier, Coudert, Rong, Cao, and Martin, Schröder

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Controlled assembly of two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) has been demonstrated through a binary strategy in which 1,4-bis-(4-(3,5-dicyano-2,6-dipyridyl)pyridyl)naphthalene (2), generated in situ by oxidative dehydrogenation of 1,4-bis-(4-(3,5-dicyano-2,6-dipyridyl)dihydropyridyl)naphthalene (1), is coupled in a 1:1 ratio with terphenyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic acid (3; to form SOF-8), 5,5′-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)diisophthalic acid (4; to form SOF-9), or 5,5′-bis-(azanediyl)-oxalyl-diisophthalic acid (5; to form SOF-10). Complementary O–H···N hydrogen bonds assemble 2D 63-hcb (honeycomb) subunits that pack as layers in SOF-8 to give a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular network with parallel channels hosting guest DMF (DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide) molecules. SOF-9 and SOF-10 feature supramolecular networks of 2D → 3D inclined polycatenation of similar hcb layers as those in SOF-8. Although SOF-8 suffers framework collapse upon guest removal, the polycatenated frameworks of SOF-9 and SOF-10 exhibit excellent chemical and thermal stability, solvent/moisture durability, and permanent porosity. Moreover, their corresponding desolvated (activated) samples SOF-9a and SOF-10a display enhanced adsorption and selectivity for CO2 over N2 and CH4. The structures of these activated compounds are well described by quantum chemistry calculations, which have allowed us to determine their mechanical properties, as well as identify their soft deformation modes and a large number of low-energy vibration modes. These results not only demonstrate an effective synthetic platform for porous organic molecular materials stabilized solely by primary hydrogen bonds but also suggest a viable means to build robust SOF materials with enhanced gas uptake capacity and selectivity., A family of 2D hydrogen-bonded binary supramolecular organic frameworks show enhanced gas adsorption and selectivity that are regulated by structural polycatenation.

Published
2018

9. Stepwise observation and quantification and mixed matrix membrane separation of CO 2 within a hydroxy-decorated porous host

Author

Fajin Yuan, Jonathan Potter, Chiu C. Tang, Nicholas M. Jacques, Zhenzhong Lu, Detlev Fritsch, Tom M. Cobb, Martin Schröder, Harry G. W. Godfrey, Tamoghna Mitra, Sihai Yang, Claire A. Murray, and Christopher G. Morris

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Analytical chemistry, Diamond, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Polymer, Permeation, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Adsorption, chemistry, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, Material properties, Powder diffraction
Abstract

The identification of preferred binding domains within a host structure provides important insights into the function of materials. State-of-the-art reports mostly focus on crystallographic studies of empty and single component guest-loaded host structures to determine the location of guests. However, measurements of material properties (e.g., adsorption and breakthrough of substrates) are usually performed for a wide range of pressure (guest coverage) and/or using multi-component gas mixtures. Here we report the development of a multifunctional gas dosing system for use in X-ray powder diffraction studies on Beamline I11 at Diamond Light Source. This facility is fully automated and enables in situ crystallographic studies of host structures under (i) unlimited target gas loadings and (ii) loading of multi-component gas mixtures. A proof-of-concept study was conducted on a hydroxyl-decorated porous material MFM-300(VIII) under (i) five different CO2 pressures covering the isotherm range and (ii) the loading of equimolar mixtures of CO2/N2. The study has successfully captured the structural dynamics underpinning CO2 uptake as a function of surface coverage. Moreover, MFM-300(VIII) was incorporated in a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) with PIM-1 in order to evaluate the CO2/N2 separation potential of this material. Gas permeation measurements on the MMM show a great improvement over the bare PIM-1 polymer for CO2/N2 separation based on the ideal selectivity.

Published
2017
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10. Age-dependent changes in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella species/phylotypes in healthy gingiva and inflamed/diseased sub-gingival sites

Author

Neil Hunter, Ky-Anh Nguyen, Roy Byun, Gina V. Browne, Cheryl C. Chapple, Mangala A. Nadkarni, Kim-Ly Chhour, and Nicholas A. Jacques

Subjects
Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Male, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Adolescent, Gingiva, Prevotella, Clone (cell biology), Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, Microbiology, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, stomatognathic system, law, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Child, General Dentistry, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Periodontal Diseases, Polymerase chain reaction, Aged, Phylotype, Prevotella oralis, Age Factors, Prevotella intermedia, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Colonisation, stomatognathic diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, New South Wales
Abstract

Early colonisation of oral surfaces by periodontal pathogens presents a significant risk factor for subsequent development of destructive disease affecting tissues that support the dentition. The aims of the present study were to establish the age-dependent relationship between sub-gingival profiles of 22 Prevotella species/phylotypes in children, adolescents and adults from an isolated Aboriginal community and, further, to use this information to identify Prevotella species that could serve as microbial risk indicators. DNA isolated from sub-gingival plaque samples (three healthy sites and three inflamed/diseased sites) from adults, adolescents and children was screened for Porphyromonas gingivalis load and 22 Prevotella species/phylotypes by species-specific PCR. A noticeable feature in adolescents was the marked increase in colonisation by P. gingivalis across all test sites. The mean number of Prevotella species/phylotypes colonising inflamed/diseased sub-gingival sites increased with age. Progressive partitioning of selected Prevotella species/phylotypes to healthy or inflamed/diseased sites was evident. Prevalence of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella oral clone P4PB_24 and Prevotella oris increased significantly with age in diseased sites. Similarly, significant age-dependent increase in colonisation of healthy as well as inflamed/diseased sub-gingival sites was apparent for Prevotella oralis, Prevotella multiformis, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella strain P4P_53 and Prevotella oral clone BR014. Early colonisation of children by P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and Prevotella oral clone P4PB_24 provides indication of risk for subsequent development of periodontal disease. In the present study, the complexity of Prevotella species within gingival sites is explored as a basis for evaluating contribution of Prevotella species to disease.

Published
2014

11. Pattern of distribution of Prevotella species/phylotypes associated with healthy gingiva and periodontal disease

Author

Neil Hunter, Kim-Ly Chhour, K.-A Nguyen, Gina V. Browne, Nicholas A. Jacques, Roy Byun, Mangala A. Nadkarni, and Cheryl C. Chapple

Subjects
Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Male, Rural Population, Microbiology (medical), Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Urban Population, Population, Gingiva, Prevotella, DNA, Ribosomal, Microbiology, Young Adult, stomatognathic system, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Bacteroidaceae Infections, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, education, Gingival recession, Periodontal Diseases, Phylogeny, Aged, Phylotype, education.field_of_study, biology, Prevotella oralis, Australia, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroidetes, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 16S ribosomal RNA, Biota, Chronic periodontitis, stomatognathic diseases, Infectious Diseases, Female, medicine.symptom
Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to obtain diverse profiles of Prevotella species associated with gingival sites in an isolated Aboriginal and an urban community by phylogenetic analysis and to establish patterns of association of identified Prevotella species in gingival sites. Species/phylotypes identified from the phylogenetic analysis of near full-length Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene sequences cloned from subgingival plaque samples obtained from an Aboriginal community were compared with those from an ethnically diverse urban metropolitan population suffering from periodontal disease. Specific primer sets were designed and validated for 22 distinct Prevotella species from the 24 species/phylotypes identified from both populations. Within the isolated Aboriginal community, gingival sites in adults were colonised by a mean of 15 different Prevotella species. Prevotella sp. oral clone P4PB24, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella oralis, Prevotella denticola and Prevotella sp. strain P4P62 had the highest association with increasing probing depth in diseased sites (p

Published
2012

12. An observational study of the microbiome of the maternal pouch and saliva of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, and of the gastrointestinal tract of the pouch young

Author

Elizabeth M. Deane, Nicholas A. Jacques, Lyn A. Hinds, and Kim-Ly Chhour

Subjects
Saliva, biology, Firmicutes, Zoology, Fusobacteria, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, stomatognathic diseases, Tammar wallaby, stomatognathic system, Microbiome, Pouch, Macropus, Marsupial
Abstract

Marsupial mammals, born in an extremely atricial state with no functional immune system, offer a unique opportunity to investigate both the developing microbiome and its relationship to that of the mother and the potential influence of this microbiome upon the development of the immune system. In this study we used a well-established marsupial model animal, Macropus eugenii, the tammar wallaby, to document the microbiome of three related sites: the maternal pouch and saliva, and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the young animal. We used molecular-based methods, targeting the 16S rDNA gene to determine the bacterial diversity at these study sites. In the maternal pouch, 41 unique phylotypes, predominantly belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, were detected, while in the saliva, 48 unique phylotypes were found that predominantly belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria. The GIT of the pouch young had a complex microbiome of 53 unique phylotypes, even though the pouch young were still permanently attached to the teat and had only been exposed to the external environment for a few minutes immediately after birth while making their way from the birth canal to the maternal pouch. Of these 53 phylotypes, only nine were detected at maternal sites. Overall, the majority of bacteria isolated were novel species (

Published
2010

13. Methods for optimizing DNA extraction before quantifying oral bacterial numbers by real-time PCR

Author

Nicholas A. Jacques, Mangala A. Nadkarni, Neil Hunter, and F. Elizabeth Martin

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Gram-positive bacteria, Colony Count, Microbial, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, law.invention, Prevotella melaninogenica, Cell Wall, law, Diethyl Pyrocarbonate, Endopeptidases, Genetics, Enzyme Inhibitors, Parvimonas micra, Molecular Biology, Polymerase chain reaction, Mouth, Deoxyribonucleases, Ethanol, biology.organism_classification, DNA extraction, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Muramidase, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteria
Abstract

Methods for the optimal extraction of genomic DNA for real-time PCR enumeration of oral bacteria using the muramidase, mutanolysin, were developed using a simple in vitro oral flora model comprised of the facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans, the gram-positive anaerobe, Parvimonas micra, and the gram-negative anaerobes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Traditional, as well as more elaborate, methods of quantifying bacterial numbers, including colony counting and estimation of DNA content using 4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole were compared in order to validate the real-time PCR approach. Evidence was obtained that P. gingivalis nuclease activity adversely affected the extraction of double-stranded DNA from this bacterium either alone or when it formed part of a consortium with the other bacteria. This nuclease activity could be overcome by treatment of the bacteria with either 20 mM diethyl pyrocarbonate or 70% ethanol at 4 degrees C overnight. A final purification of the DNA to remove any potential PCR inhibitors was added to the protocol in order to accurately quantify the amount of DNA by real-time PCR and hence the number of bacteria in a sample.

Published
2009

14. Identification and expression of a novel marsupial cathelicidin from the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)

Author

Rebecca L. Carman, Nicholas A. Jacques, Michelle A. Baker, Elizabeth M. Deane, and Julie M. Old

Subjects
Macropodidae, Gastrointestinal tract, Innate immune system, Base Sequence, General Veterinary, biology, medicine.medical_treatment, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Antimicrobial peptides, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Article, Cathelicidin, Cathelicidins, Tammar wallaby, Gene Expression Regulation, medicine, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Phylogeny, Macropus, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Marsupial
Abstract

Cathelicidins are important components of the innate immune system and have been identified in skin and epithelia of a range of mammals. In this study molecular techniques, including RACE-PCR, were used to identify the full cDNA sequence of a cathelicidin gene, MaeuCath8, from the Australian marsupial, the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii. This cathelicidin was not homologous to other such genes previously isolated from a tammar wallaby mammary gland EST library, however, it did contain 4 conserved cysteine residues which characterise the pre-propeptide and had 80% identity with a previously isolated bandicoot cathelicidin. Reverse transcriptase-PCR established the expression profile of MaeuCath8 in a range of tissues, including spleen, thymus, gastrointestinal tract, skin and liver, of the tammar wallaby from birth to adulthood. Expression of MaeuCath8 was observed in spleen and gastrointestinal tract of newborn animals and was observed in most tissues by 7 days post-partum. The results indicate that pouch young could synthesize their own antimicrobial peptides from an early age suggesting that this ability most likely plays a role in protecting the pouch young from infection prior to the development of immunocompetence.

Published
2009

15. The microbiome of the cloacal openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

Author

Elizabeth M. Deane, Nicholas A. Jacques, Lyn A. Hinds, and Kim-Ly Chhour

Subjects
Genetics, Phylotype, Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, Tammar wallaby, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenetics, Zoology, Microbiome, Cloaca, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Marsupial
Abstract

The bacterial diversity of the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the adult female tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, was determined in order to ascertain whether the physical proximity of the openings of these tracts within the cloaca affected the two populations of bacteria. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of 42 wallabies identified 81 different terminal fragments, indicative of diverse and complex microbiomes at these anatomical locations. Subsequent amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) identified 72 phylotypes from the urogenital tract and 50 from the anal tract. Twenty-two of these phylotypes were common to both tracts. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced 16S rDNA showed that 83 % of the phylotypes were unidentified species based on the premise that any sequence possessing

Published
2008

16. Interventions for prevention of otitis media may be most effective if implemented in the first weeks of life

Author

Mangala A. Nadkarni, Roy Byun, Neil Hunter, Peter S. Morris, Stephen Halpin, Heidi C. Smith-Vaughan, Nicholas A. Jacques, and Amanda J. Leach

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Population, Psychological intervention, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Nasopharynx, Internal medicine, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, Respiratory system, education, First episode, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Otitis Media, Otitis, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Summary Objective For Indigenous Australian children living in remote communities, onset of otitis media commences within weeks of birth and is associated with early nasopharyngeal colonisation with multiple respiratory bacterial pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The high prevalence of eardrum perforation and the failure of standard therapies to cure or prevent OM in this population require urgent attention. The objective of this study was to measure the changes in nasopharyngeal bacterial flora between birth and first episode of otitis media. Methods For 10 randomly selected Indigenous children with early onset otitis media, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus, and total bacterial load were enumerated in serial nasopharyngeal swabs using real-time quantitative PCR. Results Between 0 and 3 weeks of age, all 10 infants had bilaterally normal ears. At 3–6 weeks of age, seven of eight infants examined had otitis media. By 6–13 weeks of age, all 10 infants had otitis media. The relative density of respiratory pathogens among total nasopharyngeal flora increased significantly with onset of otitis media, and the majority of children became colonised with the three respiratory pathogens. There was no association between OM onset and S. aureus load. Conclusions Onset of otitis media between 3 and 6 weeks of life was associated with a significant increase in all major bacterial OM pathogens (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis), as well as total bacterial load in the nasopharynx. Interventions to prevent acquisition of multiple OM pathogens in the first weeks of life are needed.

Published
2008

17. Two-Dimensional Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoretic Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms

Author

Catherine Rathsam, Gina V. Browne, Nicholas A. Jacques, Christine L. Simpson, Derek W. S. Harty, Ruth E. Eaton, and Valentina A. Valova

Subjects
Iron-Sulfur Proteins, Proteomics, Proteome, Difference gel electrophoresis, Molecular Sequence Data, Hypothetical protein, Down-Regulation, Biology, Biochemistry, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Streptococcus mutans, Open Reading Frames, Bacterial Proteins, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Glucans, Cell Proliferation, Cysteine Synthase, Base Sequence, Phosphotransferases, Biofilm, Proteins, General Chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Fluorescence, Up-Regulation, Electrophoresis, Glucosyltransferases, Biofilms, Mutation, Cysteine
Abstract

Compared with traditional two-dimensional (2D) proteome analysis of Streptococcus mutans grown as a biofilm from a planktonic culture at steady state (Rathsam et al., Microbiol. 2005, 151, 1823-1837), the use of 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) led to a 3-fold increase in the number of identified protein spots that were significantly altered in their level of expression (P0.050). Of the 73 identified proteins, only nine were up-regulated in biofilm grown cells. The results supported the previously surmised hypothesis that general metabolic functions were down-regulated in response to a reduction in growth rate in mature S. mutans biofilms. Up-regulation of competence proteins without any concomitant increase in stress-responsive proteins was confirmed, while the levels of glucosyltransferase C (GtfC), involved in glucan formation, O-acetylserine sulfhyrylase (cysteine synthetase A; CsyK), implicated in the formation of [Fe-S] clusters, and a hypothetical protein encoded by the open reading frame, SMu0188, were also up-regulated.

Published
2005

18. Carious Dentine Provides a Habitat for a Complex Array of Novel Prevotella -Like Bacteria

Author

Neil Hunter, C. Elizabeth Caldon, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Kim-Ly Chhour, Ilana P. Fisher, and Mangala A. Nadkarni

Subjects
Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Male, Microbiology (medical), Adolescent, Molecular Sequence Data, Prevotella, Dental Caries, Biology, DNA, Ribosomal, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, Microbiology, stomatognathic system, Phylogenetics, law, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Bacteroidaceae Infections, Humans, Ribosomal DNA, Bacteroidaceae, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Polymerase chain reaction, Aged, DNA Primers, Phylotype, Cloning, Bacteriology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, stomatognathic diseases, Dentin, Female, Bacteria
Abstract

Previous analysis of the microbiology of advanced caries by culture and real-time PCR emphasized the high incidence and abundance of gram-negative anaerobic species, particularly Prevotella -like bacteria. The diversity of Prevotella -like bacteria was further explored by analyzing pooled bacterial DNA from lesions of carious dentine. This was achieved by amplification of a region of the 16S ribosomal DNA with a Prevotella genus-specific forward primer and a universal bacterial reverse primer, followed by cloning and sequencing. Cultured Prevotella species commonly associated with oral tissues constituted only 12% of the Prevotella clones isolated from advanced carious lesions. The remaining 88% consisted of a diverse range of phylotypes. These included five clusters of previously recognized but uncultured oral Prevotella spp. and a major cluster containing Prevotella -like bacteria most closely related to uncharacterized rumen bacteria. Cluster-specific primers were designed, and the numbers of bacteria within clusters were quantified by real-time PCR, confirming the abundance of these organisms. The data indicated that advanced dental caries provides a unique environment for a complex array of novel and uncultured Prevotella and Prevotella -like bacteria which, in some cases, may dominate the diverse polymicrobial community associated with the disease.

Published
2004

19. Quantitative Analysis of Diverse Lactobacillus Species Present in Advanced Dental Caries

Author

Neil Hunter, Roy Byun, Nicholas A. Jacques, Kim-Ly Chhour, Mangala A. Nadkarni, and F. Elizabeth Martin

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Colony Count, Microbial, Context (language use), Dental Caries, Lactobacillus gasseri, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, Microbiology, stomatognathic system, law, Lactobacillus, Humans, Ribosomal DNA, Polymerase chain reaction, DNA Primers, Phylotype, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Pulpitis, food and beverages, Bacteriology, biology.organism_classification, stomatognathic diseases, Bacteria
Abstract

Our previous analysis of 65 advanced dental caries lesions by traditional culture techniques indicated that lactobacilli were numerous in the advancing front of the progressive lesion. Production of organic acids by lactobacilli is considered to be important in causing decalcification of the dentinal matrix. The present study was undertaken to define more precisely the diversity of lactobacilli found in this environment and to quantify the major species and phylotypes relative to total load of lactobacilli by real-time PCR. Pooled DNA was amplified by PCR with Lactobacillus genus-specific primers for subsequent cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparisons, 18 different phylotypes of lactobacilli were detected, including strong representation of both novel and gastrointestinal phylotypes. Specific PCR primers were designed for nine prominent species, including Lactobacillus gasseri , L. ultunensis , L. salivarius , L. rhamnosus , L. casei , L. crispatus , L. delbrueckii , L. fermentum , and L. gallinarum . More than three different species were identified as being present in most of the dentine samples, confirming the widespread distribution and numerical importance of various Lactobacillus spp. in carious dentine. Quantification by real-time PCR revealed various proportions of the nine species colonizing carious dentine, with higher mean loads of L. gasseri and L. ultunensis than of the other prevalent species. The findings provide a basis for further characterization of the pathogenicity of Lactobacillus spp. in the context of extension of the carious lesion.

Published
2004

20. Proteome analysis of Streptococcus mutans metabolic phenotype during acid tolerance

Author

D. W. S. Harty, Alice C. L. Len, and Nicholas A. Jacques

Subjects
Formates, Proteome, Microbiology, Streptococcus mutans, Bacterial Proteins, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Glycolysis, Anaerobiosis, Amino acid synthesis, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Catabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, Culture Media, Amino acid, Metabolic pathway, Glucose, Phenotype, Enzyme, Biochemistry, chemistry, Fermentation, Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
Abstract

Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of the proteome ofStreptococcus mutansgrown at a steady state in a glucose-limited anaerobic continuous culture revealed a number of proteins that were differentially expressed when the growth pH was lowered from pH 7·0 to pH 5·0. Changes in the expression of metabolic proteins were generally limited to three biochemical pathways: glycolysis, alternative acid production and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. The relative level of expression of protein spots representing all of the enzymes associated with the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, and all but one of the enzymes involved in the major alternative acid fermentation pathways ofS. mutans, was identified and measured. Proteome data, in conjunction with end-product and cell-yield analyses, were consistent with a phenotypic change that allowedS. mutansto proliferate at low pH by expending energy to extrude excess H+from the cell, while minimizing the detrimental effects that result from the uncoupling of carbon flux from catabolism and the consequent imbalance in NADH and pyruvate production. The changes in enzyme levels were consistent with a reduction in the formation of the strongest acid, formic acid, which was a consequence of the diversion of pyruvate to both lactate and branched-chain amino acid production whenS. mutanswas cultivated in an acidic environment.

Published
2004

21. Stress-responsive proteins are upregulated in Streptococcus mutans during acid tolerance

Author

D. W. S. Harty, Nicholas A. Jacques, and Alice C. L. Len

Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Proteolysis, Protein subunit, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, DNA-binding protein, Streptococcus mutans, Genetic translation, Culture Media, Up-Regulation, Bacterial Proteins, Biochemistry, Transcription (biology), Heat shock protein, Proteome, medicine, Heat-Shock Proteins, Heat-Shock Response
Abstract

Streptococcus mutansis an important pathogen in the initiation of dental caries as the bacterium remains metabolically active when the environment becomes acidic. The mechanisms underlying this ability to survive and proliferate at low pH remain an area of intense investigation. Differential two-dimensional electrophoretic proteome analysis ofS. mutansgrown at steady state in continuous culture at pH 7·0 or pH 5·0 enabled the resolution of 199 cellular and extracellular protein spots with altered levels of expression. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified 167 of these protein spots. Sixty-one were associated with stress-responsive pathways involved in DNA replication, transcription, translation, protein folding and proteolysis. The 61 protein spots represented isoforms or cleavage products of 30 different proteins, of which 25 were either upregulated or uniquely expressed during acid-tolerant growth at pH 5·0. Among the unique and upregulated proteins were five that have not been previously identified as being associated with acid tolerance inS. mutansand/or which have not been studied in any detail in oral streptococci. These were the single-stranded DNA-binding protein, Ssb, the transcription elongation factor, GreA, the RNA exonuclease, polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase (PnpA), and two proteinases, the ATP-binding subunit, ClpL, of the Clp family of proteinases and a proteinase encoded by thepepgene family with properties similar to the dipeptidase, PepD, ofLactobacillus helveticus. The identification of these and other differentially expressed proteins associated with an acid-tolerant-growth phenotype provides new information on targets for mutagenic studies that will allow the future assessment of their physiological significance in the survival and proliferation ofS. mutansin low pH environments.

Published
2004

22. Cellular and extracellular proteome analysis of Streptococcus mutans grown in a chemostat

Author

Alice C. L. Len, Nicholas A. Jacques, D. W. S. Harty, and Stuart J. Cordwell

Subjects
Proteomics, Gel electrophoresis, Mouth, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Proteome, biology, In Vitro Techniques, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Streptococcus mutans, Bacterial Proteins, Extracellular, Humans, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Amino Acid Sequence, ORFS, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Molecular Biology
Abstract

The oral pathogen, Streptococcus mutans, was grown under glucose limitation in a chemostat at pH 7.0 and a dilution rate of 0.1 h(-1) to mimic the conditions prevailing in a healthy human oral cavity in between meal times. Solubilized cellular and extracellular proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and, following tryptic digestion, 421 protein spots analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry or electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Analyses of the mass spectral data showed that the proteins matched the translation products of 200 different open reading frames (ORFs) deduced from contigs of the S. mutans UA159 genome and thus represented proteins derived from approximately 11% of the total ORFs of the bacterium. Of the identified proteins, 172 (including one surface protein) were characterized in the cellular fraction, and the remaining 28 (including two surface proteins) were uniquely identified from the culture fluid. The expression and therefore the existence of 30 proteins previously designated as 'hypothetical' or with no known function was confirmed. 2-DE of whole cell lysates revealed only a single intrinsic membrane protein. This is consistent with proteomic analyses of other Gram-positive bacteria where hydrophilic proteins represent the vast majority of those characterized.

Published
2003

23. Quantitative Microbiological Study of Human Carious Dentine by Culture and Real-Time PCR: Association of Anaerobes with Histopathological Changes in Chronic Pulpitis

Author

F. Elizabeth Martin, Mangala A. Nadkarni, Nicholas A. Jacques, and Neil Hunter

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Dental Caries, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Prevotella melaninogenica, Microbiology, Bacteria, Anaerobic, stomatognathic system, Prevotella, medicine, Humans, Pulpitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, DNA Primers, Base Sequence, biology, Bacteriology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Peptostreptococcus, stomatognathic diseases, Fusobacterium, Chronic Disease, Dentin, Anaerobic bacteria, Bacteria
Abstract

The bacteria found in carious dentine were correlated with the tissue response of the dental pulps of 65 teeth extracted from patients with advanced caries and pulpitis. Standardized homogenates of carious dentine were plated onto selective and nonselective media under anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions. In addition, real-time PCR was used to quantify the recovery of anaerobic bacteria. Primers and fluorogenic probes were designed to detect the total anaerobic microbial load, the genera Prevotella and Fusobacterium , and the species Prevotella melaninogenica , Porphyromonas endodontalis , Porphyromonas gingivalis , and Micromonas (formerly Peptostreptococcus ) micros . The pulpal pathology was categorized according to the cellular response and degenerative changes. Analysis of cultured bacteria showed a predominance of gram-positive microorganisms, particularly lactobacilli. Gram-negative bacteria were also present in significant numbers with Prevotella spp., the most numerous anaerobic group cultured. Real-time PCR analysis indicated a greater microbial load than that determined by colony counting. The total number of anaerobes detected was 41-fold greater by real-time PCR than by colony counting, while the numbers of Prevotella and Fusobacterium spp. detected were 82- and 2.4-fold greater by real-time PCR than by colony counting, respectively. Real-time PCR also identified M. micros , P. endodontalis , and P. gingivalis in 71, 60, and 52% of carious samples, respectively. Correlation matrices of the real-time PCR data revealed significant positive associations between M. micros and P. endodontalis detection and inflammatory degeneration of pulpal tissues. These anaerobes have been strongly implicated in endodontic infections that occur as sequelae to carious pulpitis. Accordingly, the data suggest that the presence of high levels of these bacteria in carious lesions may be indicative of irreversible pulpal pathology.

Published
2002

24. Mutation of aspartic acid residues in the fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975

Author

Donna D. SONG and Nicholas A. JACQUES

Subjects
Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Abstract

The site-directed mutated fructosyltransferases (Ftfs) of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975, D312E, D312S, D312N and D312K were all active at 37 °C, indicating that Asp-312 present in the ‘sucrose box’ was not the nucleophilic Asp residue responsible for the formation of a covalent fructosyl-enzyme intermediate required for enzyme activity. Analysis of the kinetic constants of the purified mutated forms of the enzyme showed that Asp-312 was most likely an essential amino acid involved in determining acceptor recognition and/or stabilizing a β-turn in the protein. In contrast, when the Asp-397 of the Ftf present in the conserved triplet RDP motif of all 60 bacterial and plant family-32 glycosylhydrolases was mutated to a Ser residue, both sucrose hydrolysis and polymerization ceased. Tryptophan emission spectra confirmed that this mutation did not alter protein structure. Comparison of published data from other site-directed mutated enzymes implicated the Asp residue in the RDP motif as the one that may form a transient covalent fructosyl intermediate during the catalysis of sucrose by the Ftf of S. salivarius.

Published
1999

25. Purification and enzymic properties of the fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975

Author

Donna D. Song and Nicholas A. Jacques

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Sucrose, Inulosucrase, biology, Metal ions in aqueous solution, Cell Biology, Bacillus subtilis, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enzyme, Streptococcus salivarius, stomatognathic system, chemistry, law, medicine, Recombinant DNA, Molecular Biology, Escherichia coli
Abstract

The recombinant fructosyltransferase (Ftf) of Streptococcus salivarius was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity after a combination of adsorption, ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The N-terminal signal sequence of the Ftf was removed by E. coli at the same site as in its natural host. The purified Ftf exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 37 °C, was activated by Ca2+, but inhibited by the metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Fe3+. The enzyme catalysed the transfer of the fructosyl moiety of sucrose to a number of acceptors, including water, glucose and sucrose via a Ping Pong mechanism involving a fructosyl-enzyme intermediate. While this mechanism of catalysis is utilized by the levansucrases of Bacillus subtilis and Acetobacter diazotrophicus and the values of the kinetic constants for the three enzymes are similar, sucrose was a far more efficient fructosyl-acceptor for the Ftf of S. salivarius than for the two other enzymes.

Published
1999

26. Role of C-Terminal Domains in Surface Attachment of the Fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975

Author

Nicholas A. Jacques and Catherine Rathsam

Subjects
Genetics and Molecular Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Enzyme Stability, medicine, Protease Inhibitors, Amino Acid Sequence, Binding site, Molecular Biology, Peptide sequence, Sequence Deletion, chemistry.chemical_classification, Binding Sites, biology, Streptococcus, C-terminus, Cell Membrane, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Streptococcus salivarius, medicine.anatomical_structure, Enzyme, Hexosyltransferases, chemistry, Biochemistry, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Abstract

The cell-associated β- d -fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius , which is devoid of the cell wall anchoring motif, LPXTG, is released on exposure to its substrate, sucrose. Deletions within the C terminus of the enzyme implicated both the hydrophobic and the proline-glycine-serine-threonine-rich wall-associated domain in stabilizing the enzyme on the cell surface.

Published
1998

28. Four glucosyltransferases, GtfJ, GtfK, GtfL and GtfM, from Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975

Author

Norman W. H. Cheetham, Nicholas A. Jacques, and Christine L. Simpson

Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Glucosyltransferases, Bacterial Proteins, Biosynthesis, Carbohydrate Conformation, Escherichia coli, medicine, Cloning, Molecular, Glucans, Glucan, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Streptococcus, Dextrans, biology.organism_classification, Kinetics, Streptococcus salivarius, Dextran, Carbohydrate Sequence, Biochemistry, chemistry, biology.protein, Glucosyltransferase, Carbohydrate conformation
Abstract

The four recombinant glucosyltransferases (GTFs), GtfJ, GtfK, GtfL and GtfM, that had previously been cloned from Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975, were individually expressed in Escherichia coli and their glucan products and kinetic properties were analysed. GtfJ was a primer-dependent GTF which synthesized an insoluble glucan composed mainly of α-(13)-linked glucosyl residues in the presence of dextran T-10. GtfK was primer-stimulated, and produced a linear soluble dextran without any detectable branch points both in the absence and in the presence of dextran T-10. GtfL was primer-independent and produced a mixed-linkage insoluble glucan composed of approximately equal proportions of α-(13)-and α-(16)-linked glucosyl residues. GtfL was inhibited by dextran T-10. GtfM was primer-independent and produced a soluble dextran with approximately 5% α-(13)-linked glucosyl residues. GtfM was essentially unaffected by the presence of dextran T-10. The results confirmed that each enzyme represented one of the four possible combinations of primer-dependency and product solubility and that each possessed unique biosynthetic properties. The soluble dextrans formed by GtfK and GtfM, as well as the mixed-linkage insoluble glucan formed by GtfL, were also capable of acting as primers for the primer-dependent GtfJ and the primer-stimulated GtfK. Unexpectedly, the linear dextran produced by GtfK was by far the least effective either at priming itself or at activating and priming the primer-dependent GtfJ.

Published
1995

29. Definition of a Fundamental Repeating Unit in Streptococcal Glucosyltransferase Glucan-binding Regions and Related Sequences

Author

Nicholas A. Jacques and Philip M. Giffard

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, 0301 basic medicine, Bacterial Toxins, Molecular Sequence Data, Lysin, Sequence alignment, Biology, Conserved sequence, Streptococcus mutans, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bacterial Proteins, Phylogenetics, Lectins, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Gene duplication, Amino Acid Sequence, Selection, Genetic, Glucans, General Dentistry, Peptide sequence, Conserved Sequence, Phylogeny, Sequence (medicine), Streptococcus sobrinus, Genetics, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Clostridioides difficile, Streptococcus, 030206 dentistry, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, Glucosyltransferases, biology.protein, Glucosyltransferase, Carrier Proteins, Sequence Alignment
Abstract

The C-termini of the glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) of oral streptococci are responsible for glucan binding. These glucan-binding domains (GBDs) are composed of a series of repeated sequences that have been classified into four different classes (A-D) by virtue of sequence similarity and which, by inference, have been suggested to be of functional importance. In contrast, we propose that repeat sequences evolve in response to selection for an increase in the number of copies of a particular domain through multiple duplication events occurring at different times. According to this hypothesis, repeats should possess various degrees of similarity, especially if only key residues are of functional importance. Analysis of the GBDs of the Gtfs indicated that a common fundamental repeat, designated the "YG" repeat, could be discerned within the "A", "B", "C", and "D" repeats. Similar elements were also conserved in the ligand-binding repeats of the Clostridium difficile toxins and the lysins and the PspA protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, suggesting that similar selective pressures had also been imposed on these sequences. Analysis of the "YG" repeats present in the GtfJ and GtfK of Streptococcus salivarius indicated that some of the "YG" repeats in the GBDs of these proteins had arisen as a result of duplication events involving a series of three sequential "YG" repeats.

Published
1994

30. The ftf gene encoding the cell-bound fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 is preceded by an insertion sequence and followed by FUR1 and clp P homologues

Author

Catherine Rathsam, Su-Pin Koo, Kim L. Bunny, Nicholas A. Jacques, Philip M. Giffard, Deborah W. L. Kwan, and Edward Kwan

Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Microbiology, Homology (biology), Open Reading Frames, ATP-Dependent Proteases, Amino Acid Sequence, Pentosyltransferases, ORFS, Insertion sequence, Peptide sequence, Gene, Heat-Shock Proteins, Genetics, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, biology, Serine Endopeptidases, Nucleic acid sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Streptococcus, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Open reading frame, Streptococcus salivarius, Hexosyltransferases, Multigene Family, DNA Transposable Elements
Abstract

Summary: Analysis of the region downstream of the ftf gene of Streptococcus salivarius led to the detection of two open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino acid sequences of these ORFs were homologous to proteins encoded by genes not previously described and/or sequenced in Gram-positive bacteria. The deduced amino acid sequence of the first of these (orf2) showed strong homology to the product of the FUR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which codes for a uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. The over-expression of the product of this gene appeared to be the source of the detrimental effect observed with phagemids carrying orf2 in Escherichia coli hosts. The deduced amino acid sequence of the second ORF (orf3) was homologous to the ClpP family of proteases. Examination of the upstream region of the ftf gene led to the discovery of a new insertion sequence-like element which has been designated IS1161.

Published
1993

31. A method for the isolation of RNA from Streptococcus salivarius and its application to the transcriptional analysis of the gtfJK locus

Author

Christine L. Simpson, Nicholas A. Jacques, and Philip M. Giffard

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Transcription, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Microbiology, Glucosyltransferases, Intergenic region, Transcription (biology), Endopeptidases, Genetics, Chemical Precipitation, Molecular Biology, Gene, Messenger RNA, Base Sequence, biology, Chromosome Mapping, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Streptococcus, RNA, Blotting, Northern, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, RNA, Bacterial, Streptococcus salivarius, Genes, Bacterial, biology.protein, Glucosyltransferase
Abstract

The glucosyltransferases from oral streptococci cleave sucrose and polymerize the glucose moieties. In Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975, two glucosyltransferase-encoding genes, gtfJ and gtfK, are closely linked and transcribed in the same direction. A procedure for the isolation of intact RNA from this organism was devised. The procedure incorporated a high-temperature mutanolysin treatment and selective precipitation by LiCl. The RNA was subject to Northern hybridization and RNase protection assays and it was concluded that the two genes are transcribed separately. A potential factor-independent transcription terminator was located in the intergenic region.

Published
1993

32. The fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius

Author

Nicholas A. Jacques

Subjects
Cloning, biology, Physiology, Plant Science, Streptococcaceae, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, body regions, stomatognathic diseases, Fructan, Streptococcus salivarius, stomatognathic system, Biochemistry, Surface expression, Secretion, Bacteria
Abstract

SUMMARY The nature of the fructans produced by oral streptococci and the β-D-fructosyltransferases (FTFs) that synthesize them from sucrose are considered in this review. Models for the apparent unique surface expression and secretion of the FTF produced by Streptococcus salivarius are discussed in light of recent evidence obtained from the cloning and sequencing of the ftf from this organism.

Published
1993

33. Lactobacilli are prominent in the initial stages of polymicrobial infection of dental pulp

Author

Neil Hunter, Mangala A. Nadkarni, Mary Simonian, Nicholas A. Jacques, D. W. S. Harty, and Hans Zoellner

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Veillonellaceae, Prevotellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Microbiology, stomatognathic system, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, medicine, Humans, Pulpitis, Dental Pulp, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, biology, Bacteria, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Bacteriology, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, stomatognathic diseases, RNA, Bacterial, Pulp (tooth), Female, Oligonucleotide Probes
Abstract

In earlier studies we used molecular methods to identify the major bacterial consortia associated with advanced dentin caries. These consortia are dominated by bacteria from the families Lactobacillaceae , Streptococcaceae , Veillonellaceae (formerly Acidaminococcaceae ), Eubacteriaceae , and Lachnospiraceae from the phylum Firmicutes ; Coriobacteriaceae , Bifidobacteriaceae , and Propionibacteriaceae from the phylum Actinobacteria ; and Prevotellaceae from the phylum Bacteroidetes , as well as fusobacteria. The phases of infection of vital pulp tissue by dentin microorganisms remain obscure. In the present study, fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on sections of tissue embedded in resin. Probes for 16S rRNA corresponding to the major taxa of bacteria in carious dentin were used to provide information on the characteristics of pulp infection. Lactobacilli were prominent in 7 of 8 pulps determined to be at a limited stage of infection. Established infection (6 pulps) showed a more complex profile, with lactobacilli persisting in all of the lesions and with invasion of the necrotic regions of tissue by Bacteroidetes , fusobacteria, Lachnospiraceae , and Coriobacteriaceae in particular. Advanced infections (7 pulps) were characterized by mixed anaerobic species, with a strong representation by Coriobacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae . Lactobacilli were not represented at this stage. Typically, groups of organisms were spatially isolated within the pulp tissue. Analysis indicated that lactobacilli could invade vital pulp tissue to achieve a very high biomass that was not associated with a detectable local inflammatory infiltrate. The findings establish that invasion of the dental pulp can be associated with a pronounced selection from the complex microbial populations within carious dentin, suggesting specific pathogenicity.

Published
2010

34. An observational study of the microbiome of the maternal pouch and saliva of the tammar wallaby

Author

Kim-Ly, Chhour, Lyn A, Hinds, Nicholas A, Jacques, and Elizabeth M, Deane

Subjects
Actinobacteria, DNA, Bacterial, Gastrointestinal Tract, Macropodidae, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Molecular Sequence Data, Proteobacteria, Animals, Metagenome, Female, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Saliva, Phylogeny
Abstract

Marsupial mammals, born in an extremely atricial state with no functional immune system, offer a unique opportunity to investigate both the developing microbiome and its relationship to that of the mother and the potential influence of this microbiome upon the development of the immune system. In this study we used a well-established marsupial model animal, Macropus eugenii, the tammar wallaby, to document the microbiome of three related sites: the maternal pouch and saliva, and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the young animal. We used molecular-based methods, targeting the 16S rDNA gene to determine the bacterial diversity at these study sites. In the maternal pouch, 41 unique phylotypes, predominantly belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, were detected, while in the saliva, 48 unique phylotypes were found that predominantly belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria. The GIT of the pouch young had a complex microbiome of 53 unique phylotypes, even though the pouch young were still permanently attached to the teat and had only been exposed to the external environment for a few minutes immediately after birth while making their way from the birth canal to the maternal pouch. Of these 53 phylotypes, only nine were detected at maternal sites. Overall, the majority of bacteria isolated were novel species (97 % identity to known 16S rDNA sequences), and each study site (i.e. maternal pouch and saliva, and the GIT of the pouch young) possessed its own unique microbiome.

Published
2009

35. Lysine gingipain (kgp) biovars of Porphyromonas gingivalis exhibit differential distribution on oral mucosal sites

Author

Gina V. Browne, Mangala A. Nadkarni, Neil Hunter, Kim-Ly Chhour, and Nicholas A. Jacques

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Biovar, Colony Count, Microbial, Microbiology, Young Adult, stomatognathic system, Tongue, medicine, Bacteroidaceae Infections, Humans, Adhesins, Bacterial, Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Gingipain K, Aged, biology, Mouth Mucosa, food and beverages, Genetic Variation, Bacteriology, Buccal administration, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Bacterial adhesin, Cysteine Endopeptidases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gingipain Cysteine Endopeptidases, bacteria, Female, Bacteria
Abstract

A predominant kgp biovar colonized subgingival sites and buccal and tongue mucosa in 45 of 56 adults in an isolated community. The presence of biovars 381, W83, and W83v, but not HG66, correlated with the P orphyromonas gingivalis load at diseased sites. Biovars W83 and W83v poorly colonized tongue and buccal mucosa.

Published
2009

36. Cachexia-Anorexia Syndrome

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

37. Chorioretinitis

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

38. Churg Strauss Syndrome

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

39. CRF

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

40. Congenital Sucrose Intolerance

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

41. CVID

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

42. Congenital Generalized Fibromatosis

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

43. Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

44. Clefts of the Lip, Alveolus and Palate

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

45. Carnitine Deficiency (without Transport and Uptake)

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

46. Cirrhose Cardiaque

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

47. CSB

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

48. CSR-CSA

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

49. Cobalamine Deficiency

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

50. Choledochal Cyst Type V

Author

Nils Peters, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, H. Peter Rodemann, Anca Sindrilaru, Cord Sunderkötter, Hiroshi Watanabe, Dan M. Roden, Giora Feuerstein, Robert Ruffolo, Ralph Knöll, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, Deirdre Ward, William J. McKenna, Jens Mogensen, Mangala A. Nadkarni, F. Elizabeth Martin, Nicholas A. Jacques, Neil Hunter, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Tilman Grune, Nicola Longo, Cristina Amat Di San Filippo, Elisabeth L. Schwarz, Marzia Pasquali, Elardus Erasmus, Lodewyk J. Mienie, Marcus Deschauer, Stephan Zierz, Du Toit Loots, Lee A. Denson, Helen C. Su, Michael J. Lenardo, Heather E. McDermid, Graeme Eisenhofer, Oscar De La Calle-Martin, Natalia Casamitjana, Cristina Woellner, Bodo Grimbacher, Detlef Schuppan, Walter Lisch, Berthold Seitz, Andreas Janecke, Tommie V. McCarthy, Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Joost Haan, Michael T. Wunderlich, Nicole Revencu, Miikka Vikkula, Akira Honda, Seema R. Lalani, John W. Belmont, Julian Ilcheff Borissoff, Hugo Ten Cate, Takatoshi Kasai, Daniel Markovich, Michael Trauner, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin, Malcolm A. Lyons, Kirk J. Maurer, Martin C. Carey, Frank Lammert, Tilman Sauerbruch, Peter L. M. Jansen, Holger Sudhoff, Stephan Vom Dahl, Detlev Ameis, Muhammad Faiyaz-Ul-Haque, Syed Hassan Ejaz Zaidi, Caroline Silve, Piero Pavone, Rosario Rich Trifiletti, Friedrich Asmus, Petra Weckerle, Gesa Schwanitz, Barbara Busert, Tanya Thiagarajah, Walter Muir, Ben Pickard, Anthony J. Cleare, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried März, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger, Norbert Schwenzer, Alexander K. C. Leung, William Lane M. Robson, Andrew L. Wong, Yener Güzelcan, Francesco Trotta, Andrea Lo Monaco, Reginald S. Sauve, Todd D. Rozen, Gloria L. David, Darryl C. Zeldin, P. Syamasundar Rao, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scott, Göksel Somay, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Joshua Fierer, Mark Berneburg, Thomas Schwarz, Jürgen Schölmerich, Anne Katrin Lampe, Kate Bushby, William J. Speake, John Simpson, Hope E. Uronis, Gerard C. Blobe, Diego Franco, Amelia Aránega, Eggert Stockfleth, Ingo Nindl, Christian Hamel, Felix G. Riepe, Erich C. Strauss, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Thomas Frieling, Andrea Cavani, Giampiero Girolomoni, Randolf Brehler, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Janet Y. Uriu-Adams, Jean-Charles Deybach, Hervé Puy, Michael L. S. Ma, Patrick T. S. Ma, Alexander A. C. Leung, Jolanta Wierzba, Angelo Selicorni, Yskert Von Kodolitsch, Wulf Ito, Nilanjana Maulik, Rainer Voisard, Hiroki Teragawa, Kazuaki Chayama, Renzo Guerrini, Carla Marini, Elena Parrini, Alexander Storch, Johannes Schwarz, Sonja Ständer, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Chiu-Wing Winnie Chu, Olaf A. Bodamer, Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, Tatsuro Kondoh, Osamu Shimokawa, Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Karsten Schulmann, Christian Pox, Wolff Schmiegel, James E. Crowe, Nan Hatch, Mark Bothwell, Holger S. Willenberg, Stefan R. Bornstein, Zsolt Urban, Francesco Borgia, Fabrizio Guarneri, Mario Vaccaro, Dieter Metze, Karl Kunzelmann, Marcus Mall, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, William A. Gahl, Thomas Knoll, Albrecht Hesse, and Michaela Jaksch

Published
2009

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