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1. Vascular Ageing and Smoking Habit Prediction via a Low-Cost Single-Lead ECG Module

Author

Ali, S. Anas, Niaz, M. Saqib, Rehman, Mubashir, Mehmood, Ahsan, Rahman, M. Mahboob Ur, Riaz, Kashif, and Abbasi, Qammer H.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

This paper presents a novel low-cost method to predict: i) the vascular age of a healthy young person, ii) whether or not a person is a smoker, using only the lead-I of the electrocardiogram (ECG). We begin by collecting (lead-I) ECG data from 42 healthy subjects (male, female, smoker, non-smoker) aged 18 to 30 years, using our custom-built low-cost single-lead ECG module, and anthropometric data, e.g., body mass index, smoking status, blood pressure etc. Under our proposed method, we first pre-process our dataset by denoising the ECG traces, followed by baseline drift removal, followed by z-score normalization. Next, we divide ECG traces into overlapping segments of five-second duration, which leads to a 145-fold increase in the size of the dataset. We then feed our dataset to a number of machine learning models, a 1D convolutional neural network, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and ResNet18 transfer learning model. For vascular ageing prediction problem, Random Forest method outperforms all other methods with an R2 score of 0.99, and mean squared error of 0.07. For the binary classification problem that aims to differentiate between a smoker and a non-smoker, XGBoost method stands out with an accuracy of 96.5%. Finally, for the 4-class classification problem that aims to differentiate between male smoker, female smoker, male non-smoker, and female non-smoker, MLP method achieves the best accuracy of 97.5%. This work is aligned with the sustainable development goals of the United Nations which aim to provide low-cost but quality healthcare solutions to the unprivileged population., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, submitted to a journal for review

Published
2023

2. Speckle tracking echocardiography for diagnosis of right ventricular failure in children with totally corrected tetralogy of Fallot in Sulaimani, Iraq

Author

Niaz M. Kamal, Ph.D., Aso F. Salih, MBChB, DCHFIBMS, and Bushra M. Ali, FICMS

Subjects
Echocardiography, Ejection fraction, Right ventricular failure, Speckle tracking, Strain, TOF, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

الملخص: أهداف البحث: هدفت الدراسة إلى استخدام ''تخطيط صدى القلب بتتبع البقع'' كتقنية جديدة لتشخيص فشل البطين الأيمن لدى الأطفال مع التصحيح الكامل لجراحة رباعية فالوت. طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة شبه تجريبية في مستشفى قلب الأطفال والمستشفى عالي الجودة في السليمانية لمدة تسعة أشهر. تم تسجيل 150 طفلا تتراوح أعمارهم بين 3 و13 عاما في حالة رباعية فالوت التي تم إصلاحها بالكامل للتحقيق في حمى الوادي المتصدع. تم تقدير حجم العينة اعتمادا على معدل انتشار رباعية فالوت بنسبة 7% إلى 10% من مجمل أمراض القلب التاجية. قياسات تخطيط صدى القلب التقليدية، بما في ذلك الكسر القذفي للبطين الأيمن، والانحراف الانقباضي للمستوى الحلقي ثلاثي الشرفات، ومؤشر أداء عضلة القلب، وحجم البطين الأيمن الانقباضي والانبساطي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تتبع البقع للإجهاد الإقليمي والطولي ومعدل الإجهاد في المنظر القمي المكون من 4 غرف. يتضمن تشخيص حمى الوادي المتصدع تخطيط كهربية القلب لقياس ثلاث عوامل: تشتت الموجة ''بي''، وتشتت الموجة ''تي''، ومدة ''كيو آر اس''. النتائج: أظهر الأطفال الذين تم إصلاح رباعية فالوت والذين تم تشخيص إصابتهم بحمى الوادي المتصدع من خلال تخطيط صدى القلب التقليدي انحرافا انقباضيا غير طبيعي في المستوى الحلقي ثلاثي الشرفات قدره 1.3 ± 0.11 سم، وجزء القذف البطيني الأيمن 35.5 ± 6.72، ونهاية انقباضية للبطين الأيمن 69.8 ± 15.13 مل، ونهاية انقباضية والحجم الانبساطي 110.1 ± 14.13 مل، مؤشر أداء عضلة القلب 0.60 ± 0.12 ، و أقصى ضغط لجهاز التنفس الصناعي 52.4 ± 14.08. مقارنة بالأطفال ذوي وظيفة البطين الأيمن الطبيعية. كشف تطبيق تتبع البقع في تشخيص حمى الوادي المتصدع عن انخفاض معدل الإجهاد والإجهاد الطولي (-12.1 ± 2.3 و-0.9 ± 0.3) في الأطفال المصابين بحمى الوادي المتصدع. علاوة على ذلك، كانت هناك ارتباطات إيجابية ملحوظة بين سلالة البطين الأيمن الطولية والانحراف الانقباضي للمستوى الحلقي ثلاثي الشرفات (ص = 0.656) وكذلك الكسر القذفي (ص = 0.675) بينما تظهر الارتباطات السلبية مع حجم البطين الأيمن الانبساطي (ص = -0.684)، حجم نهاية الانقباضي للبطين الأيمن ( ص = -0.718)، مؤشر أداء عضلة القلب ( ص = -0.735)، و أقصى ضغط لجهاز التنفس الصناعي ( ص = -0.767). الاستنتاجات: يعد تطبيق تتبع البقع مع ''معدل الإجهاد والانفعال'' البطيني الأيمن الطولي لتقدير وظيفة البطين الأيمن في رباعية فالوت التي تم إصلاحها طريقة جديدة ومتقدمة تعمل على تحسين تشخيص تشوهات عضلة القلب الإقليمية وسرعة حركة عضلة القلب بشكل كبير مقارنة بالصدى التقليدي. Abstract: Objectives: The study was aimed at using speckle tracking echocardiography as a novel technique to diagnose right ventricular failure (RVF) in children with total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) through surgery. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed at the Children's Heart Hospital of Sulaimani for 9 months. A total of 150 children with completely repaired TOF were enrolled to investigate RVF. Conventional echocardiographic data were recorded, including right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), myocardial performance index (MPI), and RV end-systolic and diastolic volume (RVESV and RVEDV). Additionally, speckle tracking was performed for the regional and longitudinal strain and strain rate in four-chamber apical view. RVF diagnosis was determined on the basis of electrocardiography measurement of P-wave dispersion, T-wave dispersion, and QRS duration. Results: Children with repaired TOF who were diagnosed with RVF through conventional echocardiography exhibited abnormalities with respect to children with normal RV function, including a TAPSE of 1.3 ± 0.11 cm, RVEF of 35.5 ± 6.72, RVESV of 69.8 ± 15.13 ml, RVEDV of 110.1 ± 14.13 ml, MPI of 0.60 ± 0.12, and Pmax of 52.4 ± 14.08. The use of speckle tracking in RVF diagnosis revealed a relatively lower longitudinal strain and strain rate (−12.1 ± 2.3 and −0.9 ± 0.3, respectively) in the children with RVF. Moreover, longitudinal right ventricular strain was positively correlated with TAPSE (r = 0.656) and EF (r = 0.675), and negatively correlated with RVEDV (r = −0.684), RVESV (r = −0.718), MPI (r = −0.735), and Pmax (r = −0.767). Conclusions: The application of speckle tracking with the longitudinal RV strain and strain rate to estimate RV function in children with repaired TOF is a new advanced method that, compared with conventional echo, significantly improves the diagnosis of regional myocardial deformations and cardiac muscle motion velocity.

Published
2024
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4. Ethical human resource management and employee welfare : empirical perspectives from the Bangladeshi RMG sector

Author

Faysal, Niaz M.

Subjects
Human Resource Management (HRM), Ethics, Decent work, Bangladesh, Ready-Made Garment (RMG) sector, Ethical HRM practices, Employee perspective, Employee welfare
Abstract

This study explores employee welfare and working conditions in relation to ethical HRM practices from the employees' perspective in the Bangladeshi Ready-Made Garment (RMG) sector. This research is inspired by the need to understand the challenges that employees face in their practical work settings and the unfair Human Resource Management (HRM) process that they experience in their work. The interpretivist philosophical approach and the qualitative research approach have been adopted in this research study, while the semi-structured interview method has been applied for primary-data collection. A total of 25 semi-structured interviews with General Employees, Informal Representative Leaders, Employees, Middle and Senior Managers have been undertaken in this process. Five focus-group discussions have also been applied to corroborate the data generated from the 25 semi-structured interviews. The case-study strategy has also been implemented as a research strategy and thematic analysis has been applied to the data-analysis process. The findings of this research study show the need for deeper understanding and application of ethical HRM practices in particular national and sectoral contexts, specifically in the Bangladeshi RMG sector. These ethical HRM practices include, but are not limited to, the initiation of rights-based understanding and respect-based perception, the inclusion of welfare facilities, the implementation of a fair payment policy, the equitable recruitment and selection policy, and the initiation and equality of training and development facilities. These new ethical understandings contribute to the field of ethical HRM in the context of the development of employee welfare and decent working conditions in this sector.

Published
2021

6. Risk of Malignancy in Breast FNAB Categories, Classified According to the Newly Proposed International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System

Author

Niaz M, Khan AA, Ahmed S, Rafi R, Salim H, Khalid K, Kazi F, Anjum A, and Waheed Y

Subjects
iac yokohama system, fine needle aspiration biopsy, core needle biopsy, risk of malignancy, benign, rapid onsite evaluation, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Mahwish Niaz,1,2 Azmat Ali Khan,3 Safina Ahmed,2 Rabia Rafi,4 Hassan Salim,5 Kashaf Khalid,6 Faiza Kazi,1,7 Awais Anjum,8 Yasir Waheed6 1Department of Pathology, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; 2Department of Pathology, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan; 3Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pathology, Isfand Bukhari District Hospital, Attock, Pakistan; 5Department of Medicine, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; 6Clinical and Biomedical Research Center, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; 7Department of Pathology, PAEC Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan; 8ParkinElmer Inc., Newport, UKCorrespondence: Yasir Waheed, Clinical and Biomedical Research Center, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, DHA-1, Islamabad, Pakistan, Email yasir_waheed_199@hotmail.comBackground: A new category system comprising five classes (C1-insufficient material, C2-benign, C3-atypical, C4-suspicious, and C5-malignant) has been proposed by the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) for fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNAB) for proper diagnosis of breast cancer.Aims and Objectives: This study is designed to categorize institutional FNAB data according to the new system and calculation of the absolute risk of malignancy (ROM), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, false negative and false-positive rate.Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 2133 cases collected between June, 2008 and August, 2019, at Foundation University Medical College’s Department of Histopathology and the Surgery and Oncology Department at the Fauji Foundation Hospital. All cases fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrieved from the archives and reviewed by two expert pathologists. Matching histopathology was compared with the cytology reports for concordance or discordance of results.Findings: We found 6.9% (n = 147) insufficient, 65.8% (n = 1403) benign, 7.2% (n = 153) atypical, 7.5% (n = 160) suspicious and 12.6% (n = 270) malignant cases. Cyto-histological correlation was found in 421 cases from the year 2014 to 2019 with 370 concordant and 51 discordant cases. The maximum number of concordant cases was 151 in the C5 category and discordant cases had a diagnosis of C3 and C4 on cytology with 16 cases in each category. The calculated values of ROM were 45.45%, 10.3%, 30.6%, 82.79% and 99.34% from C1 to C5, respectively. We calculated 83.42% absolute sensitivity and 85.24% specificity. The positive predictive value for category 3, 4 and 5 was 67.34%, 82.7% and 99.34%, respectively, while false-negative rate was 7.9% and false-positive rate was 0.66%.Conclusion: The ROM for C1 category calculated from this study is quite high (45.45%) compared to previous studies; therefore, it is recommended to perform core needle biopsy in all these cases. The higher sensitivity and specificity of this method of diagnosing malignant lesions supports its use.Keywords: IAC Yokohama system, fine needle aspiration biopsy, core needle biopsy, risk of malignancy, benign, rapid onsite evaluation

Published
2022

8. COVID-19 morbidity in Afghanistan: a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study

Author

Siyu Chen, Fatima Arifi, Mohammad Nadir Sahak, Sayed Ataullah Saeedzai, Lisa J White, Amal Barakat, Eman Abdelkreem Aly, Margo van Gurp, Giti Azim, Bahara Rasoly, Soraya Safi, Jennifer A Flegg, Nasar Ahmed, Mohmmad Jamaluddin Ahadi, Niaz M Achakzai, and Alaa AbouZeid

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objective The primary objectives were to determine the magnitude of COVID-19 infections in the general population and age-specific cumulative incidence, as determined by seropositivity and clinical symptoms of COVID-19, and to determine the magnitude of asymptomatic or subclinical infections.Design, setting and participants We describe a population-based, cross-sectional, age-stratified seroepidemiological study conducted throughout Afghanistan during June/July 2020. Participants were interviewed to complete a questionnaire, and rapid diagnostic tests were used to test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This national study was conducted in eight regions of Afghanistan plus Kabul province, considered a separate region. The total sample size was 9514, and the number of participants required in each region was estimated proportionally to the population size of each region. For each region, 31–44 enumeration areas (EAs) were randomly selected, and a total of 360 clusters and 16 households per EA were selected using random sampling. To adjust the seroprevalence for test sensitivity and specificity, and seroreversion, Bernoulli’s model methodology was used to infer the population exposure in Afghanistan.Outcome measures The main outcome was to determine the prevalence of current or past COVID-19 infection.Results The survey revealed that, to July 2020, around 10 million people in Afghanistan (31.5% of the population) had either current or previous COVID-19 infection. By age group, COVID-19 seroprevalence was reported to be 35.1% and 25.3% among participants aged ≥18 and 5–17 years, respectively. This implies that most of the population remained at risk of infection. However, a large proportion of the population had been infected in some localities, for example, Kabul province, where more than half of the population had been infected with COVID-19.Conclusion As most of the population remained at risk of infection at the time of the study, any lifting of public health and social measures needed to be considered gradually.

Published
2022
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11. Prostatic irradiation-induced sexual dysfunction: a review and multidisciplinary guide to management in the radical radiotherapy era (Part I defining the organ at risk for sexual toxicities)

Author

Ramirez-Fort, Marigdalia K., Rogers, Marc J., Santiago, Roberto, Mahase, Sean S., Mendez, Melissa, Zheng, Yi, Kong, Xiang, Kashanian, James A., Niaz, M. Junaid, McClelland, Shearwood, III, Wu, Xiaodong, Bander, Neil H., Schlegel, Peter, Mulhall, John P., and Lange, Christopher S.

Published
2020
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12. Intraocular Lens Opacification following Intracameral Injection of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator to Treat Inflammatory Membranes after Cataract Surgery

Author

Fung, Simon SM, Sykakis, Evripidis, Islam, Niaz M, Zambarakji, Hadi J, Khoramnia, Ramin, Auffarth, Gerd U, and Parmar, Dipak N

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Eye, Opthalmology and Optometry, Ophthalmology and optometry
Abstract

Purpose. To report 7 cases of intraocular lens (IOL) opacification following treatment of postoperative anterior chamber fibrin with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) after cataract surgery. Methods. Retrospective case series of 7 eyes in 7 patients who developed IOL opacification after receiving rtPA for anterior chamber inflammatory membrane formation resulting from phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Three explanted IOLs were investigated with light microscopy, histochemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray spectrometry. Results. All patients underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery and posterior chamber hydrophilic IOL implantation. Anterior chamber inflammatory membranes developed between 1 and 4 weeks of surgery and were treated with intracameral rtPA. IOL opacification was noted between 4 weeks and 6 years after rtPA treatment with reduced visual acuity, and IOL exchange was carried out in 3 patients. Light microscopy evaluation revealed diffuse fine granular deposits on the anterior surface/subsurface of IOL optic that stained positive for calcium salts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) confirmed the presence of calcium and phosphate on the IOL. Conclusions. Intracameral rtPA, though rapidly effective in the treatment of anterior chamber inflammatory membranes following cataract surgery, may be associated with IOL opacification.

Published
2015

18. Genotypic distribution of human papillomavirus and phylogenetic analysis of E6 and E7 gene of HR-HPV variants isolated from Pakistani population

Author

Ahmed, Sameen, primary, Vajeeha, Ayesha, additional, Idrees, Muhammad, additional, Hussain, Abrar, additional, Munir, Rakhtasha, additional, Zaidi, Gulshan, additional, Zahid, Khadija, additional, Ahmed, Rizwan, additional, Fatima, Zareen, additional, Rafique, Shazia, additional, and Achakzai, Niaz M., additional

Published
2023
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20. Cytogenetical and hematological analysis of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients with a novel case 52XX, t (1;9;22) (q23.3; q34; q11.2), +6, +8, i(9) (q10;q10), +18,+19,+21+der22 t(9;22)(q34;q11)

Author

Muhammad Asif, Abrar Hussain, Irfan Ali, Zarak Baloch, Mahmood Rasool, and Niaz M. Achakzai

Subjects
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive, Cytogenetic Analysis, Imatinib Mesylate, Humans, Philadelphia Chromosome, General Medicine, Translocation, Genetic
Abstract

(9;22) (q34; q11) translocation is appear in above ninety percent of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients while variant/complex translocations were observed in almost 5% to 8% chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) positive cases. Gleevec (Imatinib Mesylate) is the first choice breakpoint cluster region (BCR)/ABL targeted oral therapy that produced a complete response almost in 71% to 80% of patients affected with CML. A complete blood count (CBC) of 37 patients was done during diagnosis, however only 21 showed abnormal CBC values which were selected for the study. Karyotyping study using bone marrow samples was performed on 21 CML patients for the conformation of 9;22, however, fluorescence in situ hybridisation was performed for the detection of the BCR-ABL fusion gene of 15 patients. Out of 21, 17 patients showed Ph-positive (9;22) (q34; q11) translocation. Sixteen CML patients showed standard translocation however only CML patients showed a three-way variant/complex translocation with six additional chromosomes, 52XX, t(1;9;22) (q23.3;q34;q11),+6,+8, i(9)(q10;q10), +18,+19,+21 + der22 t(9;22)(q34;q11)). Here we report we report a novel case of six additional chromosomes with the three-way translocation of 52XX, t(1;9;22) (q23.3;q34;q11),+6,+8, i(9)(q10;q10), +18,+19,+21 + der22 t(9;22)(q34;q11) in blast phase.

Published
2022

22. Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) hospitalized for co-morbidities.

Author

Niaz, M. A. Mohamed, Jamuna S. K., Naveen G., and Sivabalan, T.

Subjects
*RETROVIRUS diseases, *MALNUTRITION, *COMORBIDITY, *CHILD death, MORTALITY risk factors
Abstract

Background: There are between 1 and 2 million annual deaths in children due to severe acute malnutrition. It's one of the leading preventable causes of death among kids every year. Severe acute malnutrition is a global problem that has been overlooked by child survival programs despite its criticality. Methods: The research was a descriptive study conducted in a hospital setting. During Department of Paediatric, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College, Siruvachur, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India, research was carried out at the December 2021 to November, 2022. All hospitalized kids diagnosed with SAM per WHO criteria. Results: 100 children with Severe Acute Malnutrition were hospitalized. Age at onset was, on average, 17.75 months in most cases, infants were seen at 15 months of age. Sixty of the youngsters were younger than two years old. Seven girls and 93 boys made up the total of 100 SAM youngsters hospitalized. Conclusion: Children with SAM who are hospitalized often suffer from multiple co-occurring diseases, the most common of which are acute gastroenteritis and acute respiratory infections. Significant risk factors for mortality were the presence of underlying organic illness, as well as sepsis and retroviral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

23. Analyzing the rates of obesity, hypertension, and their risk factors among 12-16 year school children in Perambalur district.

Author

Sivabalan, T., Chakkaravarthy K., Naveen G., and Niaz, M. A. Mohamed

Subjects
SCHOOL children, SCHOOL year, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, DIASTOLIC blood pressure, SYSTOLIC blood pressure, ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Background: There is a correlation between obesity and a rise in cardiovascular disease risk factors. Several investigations have demonstrated their continued presence into adulthood from early childhood and adolescence. Materials and Methods: A case-control or cross-sectional survey was done at Department of Paediatric, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College, Siruvachur, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India, between November, 2021 to October, 2022. We did a random sampling and selected a sample size of 500 to ensure a 95% confidence interval and 20% precision at a prevalence rate of 10%. Results: There were a total of 500 cases recorded among kids aged 12-16. 15-year-olds made up the bulk of the population that was analysed. And the 12 year-olds make up the youngest age group. Overall, 500 children of both sexes had their mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values analysed and compared to age. It was discovered that BP levels rise steadily with ageing. Conclusion: In both sexes, the overall prevalence of "at risk for overweight" and "overweight" was 10.47%. Independent risk factors for childhood obesity were identified to include higher socioeconomic status, parental obesity and parental hypertension and diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

24. COVID-19 morbidity in Afghanistan: a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study

Author

Saeedzai, Sayed Ataullah, primary, Sahak, Mohammad Nadir, additional, Arifi, Fatima, additional, Abdelkreem Aly, Eman, additional, Gurp, Margo van, additional, White, Lisa J, additional, Chen, Siyu, additional, Barakat, Amal, additional, Azim, Giti, additional, Rasoly, Bahara, additional, Safi, Soraya, additional, Flegg, Jennifer A, additional, Ahmed, Nasar, additional, Ahadi, Mohmmad Jamaluddin, additional, Achakzai, Niaz M, additional, and AbouZeid, Alaa, additional

Published
2022
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27. Discovery of a novel and a rare Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation in colorectal cancer patients

Author

Mahmood Rasool, Sajjad Karim, Muhammad Asif, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Faten Al-Sayes, Niaz M. Achakzai, Abdulrahman Sibiany, Absarul Haque, and Angel Carracedo

Subjects
Adult, Male, Models, Molecular, Novel mutation, Population, Saudi Arabia, Bioengineering, Gene mutation, Saudi population, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Young Adult, KRAS Gene Mutation, KRAS, medicine, Humans, DNA sequencing, education, neoplasms, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Mutation, business.industry, Cancer, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Colorectal cancer, digestive system diseases, Cancer registry, Cancer research, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, Carcinogenesis, business, TP248.13-248.65, Research Article, Research Paper, Biotechnology
Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world and is gradually more frequent in the developing world including Saudi Arabia. According to the Saudi Cancer Registry report 2015, CRC is the most common cancer in men (14.9%) and the second most prevalent cancer. Oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene play a central role in tumorigenesis and are mutated in 30–40% of all CRC patients. To explore the prevalence of KRAS gene mutations in the Saudi population, we collected 80 CRC tumor tissues and sequenced the KRAS gene using automated sequencing technologies. The chromatograms presented mutations in 26 patients (32.5%) in four different codons, that is, 12, 13, 17, and 31. Most of the mutations were identified in codon 12 in 16 patients (61.5% of all mutations). We identified a novel mutation c.51 G>A in codon 17, where serine was substituted by arginine (S17R) in four patients. We also identified a very rare mutation, c.91 G>A, in which glutamic acid was replaced by lysine (E31K) in three patients. In conclusion, our findings further the knowledge about KRAS mutations in different ethnic groups is indispensable to fully understand their role in the development and progression of CRC., GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Published
2021

28. Phytochemical analysis and protective effects of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) in rats (Rattus norvegicus) following ethylene oxide-induced oxidative insult

Author

Hina Alam, Sulayman Waquar, Muhammad Asif, Gan Siew Hua, Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf, Arif Malik, Rabia Mubbin, Muhammad Umar, Mahmood Rasool, Zafar Iqbal, Niaz M. Achakzai, and Ujala Ayyaz

Subjects
malondialdehyde, Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, superoxide oxide dismutase, Phytochemicals, Bioengineering, Pharmacology, medicine.disease_cause, ethylene oxide, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Antioxidants, Superoxide dismutase, chemistry.chemical_compound, advanced oxidative protein products, medicine, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Animals, glutathione, biology, Plant Extracts, catalase, General Medicine, Glutathione, biology.organism_classification, Malondialdehyde, Rats, Oxidative Stress, chemistry, Catalase, biology.protein, Oxidative stress, TP248.13-248.65, Vaccinium, Research Article, Research Paper, Biotechnology
Abstract

The Vaccinium genus comprises more than 126 genera of perennial flowering plants that are commonly adapted to poor and acidic soils or epiphytic environments. Their molecular and genomic characterization is a result of the recent advent in next-generation sequencing technology. In the current research, extracts were prepared in different media, such as petroleum ether, methanol and ethanol. An extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) was used at a dose of 200–400 mg/kg by weight (B.wt). Levels of oxidative stress markers, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. A histopathological study of six vital organs in rats was also conducted. The results indicated that the antioxidant levels were lower in the group given only ethylene oxide (EtO) but higher in the groups receiving cranberry extract as a treatment. Major improvements were also observed in stress markers such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and MDA following cranberry treatment. Histopathological changes induced by EtO were observed in the heart, kidney, liver, lung, stomach and testis and were reversed following cranberry treatment. The major toxic effects of EtO were oxidative stress and organ degeneration, as observed from various stress markers and histopathological changes. Our study showed that this extract contains strong antioxidant properties, which may contribute to the amelioration of the observed toxic effects., GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Published
2021

30. Intraocular Lens Opacification following Intracameral Injection of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator to Treat Inflammatory Membranes after Cataract Surgery

Author

Simon S. M. Fung, Evripidis Sykakis, Niaz M. Islam, Hadi J. Zambarakji, Ramin Khoramnia, Gerd U. Auffarth, and Dipak N. Parmar

Subjects
Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Purpose. To report 7 cases of intraocular lens (IOL) opacification following treatment of postoperative anterior chamber fibrin with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) after cataract surgery. Methods. Retrospective case series of 7 eyes in 7 patients who developed IOL opacification after receiving rtPA for anterior chamber inflammatory membrane formation resulting from phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Three explanted IOLs were investigated with light microscopy, histochemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray spectrometry. Results. All patients underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery and posterior chamber hydrophilic IOL implantation. Anterior chamber inflammatory membranes developed between 1 and 4 weeks of surgery and were treated with intracameral rtPA. IOL opacification was noted between 4 weeks and 6 years after rtPA treatment with reduced visual acuity, and IOL exchange was carried out in 3 patients. Light microscopy evaluation revealed diffuse fine granular deposits on the anterior surface/subsurface of IOL optic that stained positive for calcium salts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) confirmed the presence of calcium and phosphate on the IOL. Conclusions. Intracameral rtPA, though rapidly effective in the treatment of anterior chamber inflammatory membranes following cataract surgery, may be associated with IOL opacification.

Published
2015
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31. COVID-19 morbidity in Afghanistan: a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study

Author

Sayed Ataullah Saeedzai, Mohammad Nadir Sahak, Fatima Arifi, Eman Abdelkreem Aly, Margo van Gurp, Lisa J White, Siyu Chen, Amal Barakat, Giti Azim, Bahara Rasoly, Soraya Safi, Jennifer A Flegg, Nasar Ahmed, Mohmmad Jamaluddin Ahadi, Niaz M Achakzai, and Alaa AbouZeid

Subjects
Adult, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Afghanistan, Prevalence, COVID-19, Humans, General Medicine, Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

ObjectiveThe primary objectives were to determine the magnitude of COVID-19 infections in the general population and age-specific cumulative incidence, as determined by seropositivity and clinical symptoms of COVID-19, and to determine the magnitude of asymptomatic or subclinical infections.Design, setting and participantsWe describe a population-based, cross-sectional, age-stratified seroepidemiological study conducted throughout Afghanistan during June/July 2020. Participants were interviewed to complete a questionnaire, and rapid diagnostic tests were used to test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This national study was conducted in eight regions of Afghanistan plus Kabul province, considered a separate region. The total sample size was 9514, and the number of participants required in each region was estimated proportionally to the population size of each region. For each region, 31–44 enumeration areas (EAs) were randomly selected, and a total of 360 clusters and 16 households per EA were selected using random sampling. To adjust the seroprevalence for test sensitivity and specificity, and seroreversion, Bernoulli’s model methodology was used to infer the population exposure in Afghanistan.Outcome measuresThe main outcome was to determine the prevalence of current or past COVID-19 infection.ResultsThe survey revealed that, to July 2020, around 10 million people in Afghanistan (31.5% of the population) had either current or previous COVID-19 infection. By age group, COVID-19 seroprevalence was reported to be 35.1% and 25.3% among participants aged ≥18 and 5–17 years, respectively. This implies that most of the population remained at risk of infection. However, a large proportion of the population had been infected in some localities, for example, Kabul province, where more than half of the population had been infected with COVID-19.ConclusionAs most of the population remained at risk of infection at the time of the study, any lifting of public health and social measures needed to be considered gradually.

Published
2022

33. Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats

Author

Ballantyne, Kaye N., Ralf, Arwin, Aboukhalid, Rachid, Achakzai, Niaz M., Anjos, Maria J., Ayub, Qasim, Balažic, Jože, Ballantyne, Jack, Ballard, David J., Berger, Burkhard, Bobillo, Cecilia, Bouabdellah, Mehdi, Burri, Helen, Capal, Tomas, Caratti, Stefano, Cárdenas, Jorge, Cartault, François, Carvalho, Elizeu F., Carvalho, Monica, Cheng, Baowen, Coble, Michael D., Comas, David, Corach, Daniel, DʼAmato, Maria E., Davison, Sean, de Knijff, Peter, De Ungria, Maria Corazon A., Decorte, Ronny, Dobosz, Tadeusz, Dupuy, Berit M., Elmrghni, Samir, Gliwiński, Mateusz, Gomes, Sara C., Grol, Laurens, Haas, Cordula, Hanson, Erin, Henke, Jürgen, Henke, Lotte, Herrera-Rodríguez, Fabiola, Hill, Carolyn R., Holmlund, Gunilla, Honda, Katsuya, Immel, Uta-Dorothee, Inokuchi, Shota, Jobling, Mark A., Kaddura, Mahmoud, Kim, Jong S., Kim, Soon H., Kim, Wook, King, Turi E., Klausriegler, Eva, Kling, Daniel, Kovačević, Lejla, Kovatsi, Leda, Krajewski, Paweł, Kravchenko, Sergey, Larmuseau, Maarten H. D., Lee, Eun Young, Lessig, Ruediger, Livshits, Ludmila A., Marjanović, Damir, Minarik, Marek, Mizuno, Natsuko, Moreira, Helena, Morling, Niels, Mukherjee, Meeta, Munier, Patrick, Nagaraju, Javaregowda, Neuhuber, Franz, Nie, Shengjie, Nilasitsataporn, Premlaphat, Nishi, Takeki, Oh, Hye H., Olofsson, Jill, Onofri, Valerio, Palo, Jukka U., Pamjav, Horolma, Parson, Walther, Petlach, Michal, Phillips, Christopher, Ploski, Rafal, Prasad, Samayamantri P. R., Primorac, Dragan, Purnomo, Gludhug A., Purps, Josephine, Rangel-Villalobos, Hector, Rębała, Krzysztof, Rerkamnuaychoke, Budsaba, Gonzalez, Danel Rey, Robino, Carlo, Roewer, Lutz, Rosa, Alexandra, Sajantila, Antti, Sala, Andrea, Salvador, Jazelyn M., Sanz, Paula, Schmitt, Cornelia, Sharma, Anil K., Silva, Dayse A., Shin, Kyoung-Jin, Sijen, Titia, Sirker, Miriam, Siváková, Daniela, Škaro, Vedrana, Solano-Matamoros, Carlos, Souto, Luis, Stenzl, Vlastimil, Sudoyo, Herawati, Syndercombe-Court, Denise, Tagliabracci, Adriano, Taylor, Duncan, Tillmar, Andreas, Tsybovsky, Iosif S., Tyler-Smith, Chris, van der Gaag, Kristiaan J., Vanek, Daniel, Völgyi, Antónia, Ward, Denise, Willemse, Patricia, Yap, Eric P.H., Yong, Rita Y.Y., Zupanič Pajnič, Irena, and Kayser, Manfred

Published
2014
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34. Phytochemical analysis and protective effects of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) in rats (Rattus norvegicus) following ethylene oxide-induced oxidative insult

Author

Rasool, Mahmood, primary, Malik, Arif, additional, Abdul Basit Ashraf, Muhammad, additional, Mubbin, Rabia, additional, Ayyaz, Ujala, additional, Waquar, Sulayman, additional, Asif, Muhammad, additional, Umar, Muhammad, additional, Siew Hua, Gan, additional, Iqbal, Zafar, additional, Alam, Hina, additional, and Achakzai, Niaz M., additional

Published
2021
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36. Folate hydrolase‐1 (FOLH1) is a novel target for antibody‐based brachytherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma

Author

Ramirez‐Fort, M. K., primary, Meier‐Schiesser, B., additional, Lachance, K., additional, Mahase, S. S., additional, Church, C. D., additional, Niaz, M. J., additional, Liu, H., additional, Navarro, V., additional, Nikolopoulou, A., additional, Kazakov, D. V., additional, Contassot, E., additional, Nguyen, D. P., additional, Sach, J., additional, Hadravsky, L., additional, Sheng, Y., additional, Tagawa, S. T., additional, Wu, X., additional, Lange, C. S., additional, French, L. E., additional, Nghiem, P. T., additional, and Bander, N. H., additional

Published
2020
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40. Development and validation of the EUROFORGEN NAME (North African and Middle Eastern) ancestry panel

Author

Pereira, Vania, Freire-Aradas, Ana, Ballard, David, Børsting, Claus, Diez, V., Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Paulina, Ribeiro, J., Achakzai, Niaz M, Aliferi, Anastasia, Bulbul, Ozlem, Perez-Carceles, Maria D, Triki-Fendri, Soumaya, Rebai, Ahmed, Syndercombe-Court, D, Morling, Niels, Lareu, Maviky, Carracedo, Angel, The EUROFORGEN-NoE Consortium, and Phillips, Christoffer

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Forensic Genetics, Genetic Markers, Genotyping Techniques, MPS, Population, AIMs, Black People, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Ancestry-informative marker, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Middle East, 0302 clinical medicine, Africa, Northern, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Humans, 030216 legal & forensic medicine, Genetic variability, education, Allele frequency, education.field_of_study, Principal Component Analysis, Cline (biology), DNA Fingerprinting, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Genetics, Population, Evolutionary biology, North african, Middle Eastern populations, Biogeographic ancestry, SNPs
Abstract

Inference of biogeographic origin is an important factor in clinical, population and forensic genetics. The information provided by AIMs (Ancestry Informative Markers) can allow the differentiation of major continental population groups, and several AIM panels have been developed for this purpose. However, from these major population groups, Eurasia covers a wide area between two continents that is difficult to differentiate genetically. These populations display a gradual genetic cline from West Europe to South Asia in terms of allele frequency distribution. Although differences have been reported between Europe and South Asia, Middle East populations continue to be a target of further investigations due to the lack of genetic variability, therefore hampering their genetic differentiation from neighboring populations. In the present study, a custom-built ancestry panel was developed to analyze North African and Middle Eastern populations, designated the 'NAME' panel. The NAME panel contains 111 SNPs that have patterns of allele frequency differentiation that can distinguish individuals originating in North Africa and the Middle East when combined with a previous set of 126 Global AIM-SNPs.

Published
2019

41. Measurement of cross sections and leptonic forward-backward asymmetries at theZ pole and determination of electroweak parameters

Author

Acciarri, M., Adam, A., Adriani, O., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Ahlen, S., Alcaraz, J., Aloisio, A., Alverson, G., Alviggi, M. G., Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Anderhub, H., Anderson, A. L., Andreev, V. P., Angelescu, T., Antonov, L., Antreasyan, D., Alkhazov, G., Arce, P., Arefiev, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Baba, P. V. K. S., Bagnaia, P., Bakken, J. A., Baksay, L., Ball, R. C., Banerjee, S., Banicz, K., Bao, J., Barillère, R., Barone, L., Baschirotto, A., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Bencze, Gy. L., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biland, A., Bilei, G. M., Bizzarri, R., Blaising, J. J., Bobbink, G. J., Bock, R., Böhm, A., Borgia, B., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Boutigny, D., Bouwens, B., Brambilla, E., Branson, J. G., Brigljevic, V., Brock, I. C., Brooks, M., Bujak, A., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Burgos, C., Busenitz, J., Buytenhuijs, A., Bykov, A., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caria, M., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A. M., Casaus, J., Castello, R., Cavallo, N., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chamizo, M., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chiefari, G., Chien, C. Y., Choi, M. T., Chung, S., Civinini, C., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coan, T. E., Cohn, H. O., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Contin, A., Costantini, S., Cotorobai, F., de la Cruz, B., Cui, X. T., Cui, X. Y., Dai, T. S., D'Alessandro, R., de Asmundis, R., Degré, A., Deiters, K., Dénes, E., Denes, P., DeNotaristefani, F., DiBitonto, D., Diemoz, M., Dimitrov, H. R., Dionisi, C., Dittmar, M., Djambazov, L., Dova, M. T., Drago, E., Duchesneau, D., Duinker, P., Duran, I., Easo, S., Mamouni, H. El, Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Erné, F. C., Extermann, P., Fabbretti, R., Fabre, M., Falciano, S., Fan, S. J., Favara, A., Fay, J., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fernandez, D., Fernandez, G., Ferroni, F., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J. H., Filthaut, F., Fisher, P. H., Forconi, G., Fredj, L., Freudenreich, K., Friebel, W., Fukushima, M., Gailloud, M., Galaktionov, Yu., Gallo, E., Ganguli, S. N., Garcia-Abia, P., Gentile, S., Gheordanescu, N., Giagu, S., Goldfarb, S., Gong, Z. F., Gonzalez, E., Gougas, A., Goujon, D., Gratta, G., Gruenewald, M. W., Gu, C., Guanziroli, M., Guo, J. K., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gustafson, H. R., Gutay, L. J., Hangarter, K., Hasan, A., Hauschildt, D., He, C. F., He, J. T., Hebbeker, T., Hebert, M., Hervé, A., Hilgers, K., Hofer, H., Hoorani, H., Hou, S. R., Hu, G., Hu, G. Q., Ille, B., Ilyas, M. M., Innocente, V., Janssen, H., Jin, B. N., Jones, L. W., Josa-Mutuberria, I., Kasser, A., Khan, R. A., Kamyshkov, Yu., Kapinos, P., Kapustinsky, J. S., Karyotakis, Y., Kaur, M., Khokhar, S., Kienzle-Focacci, M. N., Kim, J. K., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. G., Kinnison, W. W., Kirkby, A., Kirkby, D., Kirsch, S., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., König, A. C., Koffeman, E., Kornadt, O., Koutsenko, V., Koulbardis, A., Kraemer, R. W., Kramer, T., Krastev, V. R., Krenz, W., Kuijten, H., Kumar, K. S., Kunin, A., Ladron de Guevara, P., Landi, G., Lanske, D., Lanzano, S., Lebedev, A., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Le Coultre, P., Lee, D. M., Lee, J. S., Lee, K. Y., Leedom, I., Leggett, C., Le Goff, J. M., Leiste, R., Lenti, M., Leonardi, E., Levtchenko, P., Li, C., Li, H. T., Li, P. J., Liao, J. Y., Lin, W. T., Lin, Z. Y., Linde, F. L., Lindemann, B., Lista, L., Liu, Y., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Lu, W., Lu, Y. S., Lubbers, J. M., Lübelsmeyer, K., Luci, C., Luckey, D., Ludovici, L., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., Ma, J. M., Ma, W. G., MacDermott, M., Malgeri, L., Malik, R., Malinin, A., Maña, C., Maolinbay, M., Marchesini, P., Marion, F., Marin, A., Martin, J. P., Marzano, F., Massaro, G. G. G., Mazumdar, K., McBride, P., McMahon, T., McNally, D., Merk, M., Merola, L., Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mi, Y., Mihul, A., Mills, G. B., Mir, Y., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Möller, M., Monteleoni, B., Morand, R., Morganti, S., Moulai, N. E., Mount, R., Müller, S., Nagy, E., Napolitano, M., Nessi-Tedaldi, F., Newman, H., Niaz, M. A., Nippe, A., Nowak, H., Organtini, G., Pandoulas, D., Paoletti, S., Paolucci, P., Pascale, G., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, S., Paul, T., Pauluzzi, M., Paus, C., Pauss, F., Pei, Y. J., Pensotti, S., Perret-Gallix, D., Perrier, J., Pevsner, A., Piccolo, D., Pieri, M., Pinto, J. C., Piroué, P. A., Plasil, F., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Postema, H., Qi, Z. D., Qian, J. M., Qureshi, K. N., Raghavan, R., Rahal-Callot, G., Rancoita, P. G., Rattaggi, M., Raven, G., Razis, P., Read, K., Redaelli, M., Ren, D., Ren, Z., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Ricker, A., Riemann, S., Riemers, B. C., Riles, K., Rind, O., Rizvi, H. A., Ro, S., Robohm, A., Rodriguez, F. J., Roe, B. P., Röhner, M., Röhner, S., Romero, L., Rosier-Lees, S., Rosmalen, R., Rosselet, Ph., van Rossum, W., Roth, S., Rubbia, A., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Sachwitz, M., Salicio, J., Salicio, J. M., Sanchez, E., Sanders, G. S., Santocchia, A., Sarakinos, M. S., Sartorelli, G., Sassowsky, M., Sauvage, G., Schäfer, C., Schegelsky, V., Schmitz, D., Schmitz, P., Schneegans, M., Scholz, N., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Shotkin, S., Schreiber, H. J., Shukla, J., Schulte, R., Schultze, K., Schwenke, J., Schwering, G., Sciacca, C., Scott, I., Sehgal, R., Seiler, P. G., Sens, J. C., Servoli, L., Sheer, I., Shen, D. Z., Shevchenko, S., Shi, X. R., Shumilov, E., Shoutko, V., Son, D., Sopczak, A., Soulimov, V., Spartiotis, C., Spickermann, T., Spillantini, P., Starosta, R., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Sticozzi, F., Stone, H., Strauch, K., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Sun, L. Z., Susinno, G. F., Suter, H., Swain, J. D., Syed, A. A., Tang, X. W., Taylor, L., Ting, S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Toker, O., Tonutti, M., Tonwar, S. C., Tóth, J., Tsaregorodtsev, A., Tsipolitis, G., Tully, C., Tung, K. L., Tuuva, T., Ulbricht, J., Urbán, L., Uwer, U., Valente, E., Van de Walle, R. T., Vetlitsky, I., Viertel, G., Vikas, P., Vikas, U., Vivargent, M., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Vorobiev, I., Vorobyov, A. A., Vorobyov, An. A., Vuilleumier, L., Wadhwa, M., Wallraff, W., Wang, J. C., Wang, C. R., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z. M., Weber, A., Weber, J., Weill, R., Wenninger, J., White, M., Willmott, C., Wittgenstein, F., Wright, D., Wu, S. X., Wynhoff, S., Wyslouch, B., Xie, Y. Y., Xu, J. G., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, Z. L., Yan, D. S., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, G., Ye, C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., Yin, Z. W., You, J. M., Yunus, N., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zeng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, B., Zhou, G. J., Zhou, J. F., Zhu, R. Y., Zichichi, A., van der Zwaan, B. C. C., and L3 Collaboration

Published
1994
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42. Search for non-minimal Higgs bosons inZ 0 decays

Author

Adriani, O., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Ahlen, S., Alcaraz, J., Aloisio, A., Alverson, G., Alviggi, M. G., Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Anderhub, H., Anderson, A. L., Andreev, V. P., Antonov, L., Antreasyan, D., Arce, P., Arefiev, A., Atamanchuk, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Baba, P. V. K. S., Bagnaia, P., Bakken, J. A., Baksay, L., Ball, R. C., Banerjee, S., Bao, J., Barillère, R., Barone, L., Baschirotto, A., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Behrens, J., Bencze, Gy. L., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biland, A., Bilei, G. M., Bizzarri, R., Blaising, J. J., Bobbink, G. J., Bock, R., Böhm, A., Borgia, B., Boseti, M., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Boutigny, D., Bouwens, B., Brambilla, E., Branson, J. G., Brock, I. C., Brooks, M., Bujak, A., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Busenitz, J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caria, M., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A. M., Castello, R., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chen, W. Y., Chiefari, G., Chien, C. Y., Choi, M. T., Chung, S., Civinini, C., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coan, T. E., Cohn, H. O., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Contin, A., Cui, X. T., Cui, X. Y., Dai, T. S., D'Alessandro, R., de Asmundis, R., Degré, A., Deiters, K., Dénes, E., Denes, P., DeNotaristefani, F., Dhina, M., DiBitonto, D., Diemoz, M., Dimitrov, H. R., Dionisi, C., Djambazov, L., Dova, M. T., Drago, E., Driever, T., Duchesneau, D., Duinker, P., Duran, I., Easo, S., El Mamouni, H., Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Erné, F. C., Extermann, P., Fabbretti, R., Fabre, M., Falciano, S., Fan, S. J., Fackler, O., Fay, J., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fernandez, D., Fernandez, G., Ferroni, F., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J., Filthaut, F., Ginocchiaro, G., Fisher, P. H., Forconi, G., Foreman, T., Freudenreich, K., Friebel, W., Fukushima, M., Gailloud, M., Galaktionov, Yu., Gallo, E., Ganguli, S. N., Garcia-Abia, P., Gele, D., Gentile, S., Goldfarb, S., Gong, Z. F., Gonzalez, E., Gougas, A., Goujon, D., Gratta, G., Gruenewald, M., Gu, C., Guanziroli, M., Guo, J. K., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gustafson, H. R., Gutay, L. J., Hangarter, K., Hasan, A., Hauschildt, D., He, C. F., He, J. T., Hebbeker, T., Hebert, M., Herten, G., Hervé, A., Hilgers, K., Hofer, H., Hoorani, H., Hu, G., Hu, G. Q., Ille, B., Ilyas, M. M., Innocente, V., Janssen, H., Jezequel, S., Jin, B. N., Kasser, A., Khan, R. A., Kamyshkov, Yu., Kapinos, P., Kapustinsky, J. S., Karyotakis, Y., Kaur, M., Khokhar, S., Kienzle-Focacci, M. N., Kim, J. K., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. G., Kinnison, W. W., Kirkby, D., Kirsch, S., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., König, A. C., Koffeman, E., Kornadt, O., Koutsenko, V., Koulbardis, A., Kraemer, R. W., Kramer, T., Krastev, V. R., Krenz, W., Krivshich, A., Kuijten, H., Kumar, K. S., Kunin, A., Landi, G., Lanske, D., Lanzano, S., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Le Coultre, P., Lee, D. M., Leedom, I., Leggett, C., Le Goff, J. M., Leiste, R., Lenti, M., Leonardi, E., Leytens, X., Li, C., Li, H. T., Li, P. J., Liao, J. Y., Lin, W. T., Lin, Z. Y., Linde, F. L., Lindemann, B., Lista, L., Liu, Y., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Lu, Y. S., Lubbers, J. M., Lübelsmeyer, K., Luci, C., Luckey, D., Ludovici, L., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., Ma, J. M., Ma, W. G., MacDermott, M., Malhotra, P. K., Malik, R., Malinin, A., Maña, C., Maolinbay, M., Marchesini, P., Marion, F., Marin, A., Martin, J. P., Martinez-Laso, L., Marzano, F., Massaro, G. G. G., Mazumdar, K., McBride, P., McMahon, T., McNally, D., Merk, M., Merola, L., Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mi, Y., Mills, G. B., Mir, Y., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Möller, M., Monteleoni, B., Morand, R., Morganti, S., Moulai, N. E., Mount, R., Müller, S., Nadtochy, A., Nagy, E., Napolitano, M., Newman, H., Neyer, C., Niaz, M. A., Nippe, A., Nowak, H., Organtini, G., Pandoulas, D., Paoletti, S., Paolucci, P., Pascala, G., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, S., Paul, T., Pauluzzi, M., Paus, C., Pauss, F., Pei, Y. J., Pensotti, S., Perret-Gallix, D., Perrier, J., Pevsner, A., Piccolo, D., Pieri, M., Pitoué, P. A., Plasil, F., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Postema, H., Qi, Z. D., Qian, J. M., Qureshi, K. N., Raghavan, R., Rahal-Callot, G., Rancoita, P. G., Rattaggi, M., Raven, G., Razis, P., Read, K., Ren, D., Ren, Z., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Ricker, A., Riemann, S., Riemers, W., Rind, O., Rizvi, H. A., Rodriguez, F. J., Röhner, M., Röhner, S., Romero, L., Rose, J., Rosier-Lees, S., Rosmalen, R., Rosselet, Ph., Rubbia, A., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Sachwitz, M., Sajan, E., Salicio, J., Salicio, J. M., Sanders, G. S., Santocchia, A., Sarakinos, M. S., Sartorelli, G., Sassowsky, M., Sauvage, G., Schegelsky, V., Schmitz, D., Schmitz, P., Schneegans, M., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Shotkin, S., Schreiber, H. J., Shukla, J., Schulte, R., Schulte, S., Schultze, K., Schwenke, J., Schwering, G., Sciacca, C., Scott, I., Sehgal, R., Seiler, P. G., Sens, J. C., Servoli, L., Sheer, I., Shen, D. Z., Shevchenko, S., Shi, X. R., Shumilov, E., Shoutko, V., Son, D., Sopczak, A., Spartiotis, C., Spickermann, T., Spillantini, P., Starosta, R., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Sticozzi, F., Stone, H., Strauch, K., Stringfellow, B. C., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Sun, L. Z., Suter, H., Swain, J. D., Syed, A. A., Tang, X. W., Taylor, L., Terzi, G., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tonutti, M., Tonwar, S. C., Tóth, J., Tsaregorodtsev, A., Tsipolitis, G., Tully, C., Tung, K. I., Ulbricht, J., Urbán, L., Uwer, U., Valente, E., Van de Walle, R. T., Vetlitsky, I., Viertel, G., Vikas, P., Vikas, U., Vivargent, M., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Vorobiev, I., Voroboyov, A. A., Vuilleumier, L., Wadhwa, M., Wallraff, W., Wang, C., Wang, C. R., Wang, G. H., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z. M., Weber, A., Weber, J., Weill, R., Wenaus, T. J., Wenninger, J., White, M., Willmott, C., Wittgenstein, F., Wright, D., Wu, S. X., Wyslouch, B., Xie, Y. Y., Xu, J. G., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, Z. L., Yan, D. S., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, L. G., Ye, C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., Yin, Z. W., You, J. M., Yunus, N., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zeng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, B., Zhou, G. J., Zhu, R. Y., Zichichi, A., van der Zwaan, B. C. C., and L3 Collaboration

Published
1993
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44. Studies of hadronic event structure and comparisons with QCD models at theZ 0 resonance

Author

Adeva, B., Adriani, O., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Ahlen, S., Akbari, H., Alcaraz, J., Aloisio, A., Alverson, G., Alviggi, M. G., Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Anderhub, H., Anderson, A. L., Andreev, V. P., Angelov, T., Antonov, L., Antreasyan, D., Arce, P., Arefiev, A., Atamanchuk, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Baba, P. V. K. S., Bagnaia, P., Bakken, J. A., Baksay, L., Ball, R. C., Banerjee, S., Bao, J., Barillère, R., Barone, L., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Behrens, J., Beingessner, S., Bencze, Gy. L., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biland, A., Bilei, G. M., Bizzarri, R., Blaising, J. J., Blömeke, P., Blumenfeld, B., Bobbink, G. J., Bocciolini, M., Bock, R., Böhm, A., Borgia, B., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Boutigny, D., Bouwens, B., Brambilla, E., Branson, J. G., Brock, I. C., Brooks, M., Bruyant, F., Buisson, C., Bujak, A., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Burq, J. P., Busenitz, J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caria, M., Carminati, F., Cartacci, A. M., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chen, J., Chen, M., Chen, M. L., Chen, W. Y., Chiefari, G., Chien, C. Y., Chmeissani, M., Chung, S., Civinini, C., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coan, T. E., Cohn, H. O., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Contin, A., Crijns, F., Cui, X. T., Cui, X. Y., Dai, T. S., D'Alessandro, R., de Asmundis, R., Degré, A., Deiters, K., Dénes, E., Denes, P., DeNotaristefani, F., Dhina, M., DiBitonto, D., Diemoz, M., Dimitrov, H. R., Dionisi, C., Dova, M. T., Drago, E., Driever, T., Duchesneau, D., Duinker, P., Duran, I., Mamouni, H. El, Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Erné, F. C., Extermann, P., Fabbretti, R., Fabre, M., Falciano, S., Fan, S. J., Fackler, O., Fay, J., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fernandez, D., Fernandez, G., Ferroni, F., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J., Filthaut, F., Finocchiaro, G., Fisher, P. H., Forconi, G., Foreman, T., Freudenreich, K., Friebel, W., Fukushima, M., Gailloud, M., Galaktionov, Yu., Gallo, E., Ganguli, S. N., Garcia-Abia, P., Gau, S. S., Gele, D., Gentile, S., Goldfarb, S., Gong, Z. F., Gonzales, E., Göttlicher, P., Goujon, D., Gratta, G., Grinnell, C., Gruenewald, M., Gu, C., Guanziroli, M., Guo, J. K., Gurtu, A., Gustafson, H. R., Gutay, L. J., Hangarter, K., Hasan, A., Hauschildt, D., He, C. F., Hebbeker, T., Hebert, M., Herten, G., Herten, U., Hervé, A., Hilgers, K., Hofer, H., Hoorani, H., Hu, G., Hu, G. Q., Ille, B., Ilyas, M. M., Innocente, V., Janssen, H., Jezequel, S., Jin, B. N., Jones, L. W., Kasser, A., Khan, R. A., Kamyshkov, Yu., Kapinos, P., Kapustinsky, J. S., Karyotakis, Y., Kaur, M., Khokhar, S., Kienzle-Focacci, M. N., Kinnison, W. W., Kirkby, D., Kirsch, S., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., König, A. C., Kornadt, O., Koutsenko, V., Koulbardis, A., Kraemer, R. W., Kramer, T., Krastev, V. R., Krenz, W., Krivshich, A., Krizmanic, J., Kumar, K. S., Kumar, V., Kunin, A., Landi, G., Lanius, K., Lanske, D., Lanzano, S., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Le Coultre, P., Lee, D. M., Leedom, I., Le Goff, J. M., Leistam, L., Leiste, R., Lenti, M., Leonardi, E., Lettry, J., Leytens, X., Li, C., Li, H. T., Li, P. J., Li, X. G., Liao, J. Y., Lin, W. T., Lin, Z. Y., Linde, F. L., Lindemann, B., Linnhofer, D., Liu, Y., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Lu, Y. S., Lubbers, J. M., Lübelsmeyer, K., Luci, C., Luckey, D., Ludovici, L., Luminari, L., Ma, W. G., MacDermott, M., Malhotra, P. K., Malik, R., Malinin, A., Maña, C., Mao, D. N., Mao, Y. F., Maolinbay, M., Marchesini, P., Marion, F., Marin, A., Martin, J. P., Martinez-Laso, L., Marzano, F., Massaro, G. G. G., Matsuda, T., Mazumdar, K., McBride, P., McMahon, T., McNally, D., Meinholz, Th., Merk, M., Merola, L., Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mi, Y., Mills, G. B., Mir, Y., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Möller, M., Monteleoni, B., Morand, R., Morganti, S., Moulai, N. E., Mount, R., Müller, S., Nadtochy, A., Nagy, E., Napolitano, M., Newman, H., Neyer, C., Niaz, M. A., Niessen, L., Nowak, H., Organtini, G., Pandoulas, D., Paoletti, S., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, S., Pauluzzi, M., Pauss, F., Pei, Y. J., Perret-Gallix, D., Perrier, J., Pevsner, A., Pieri, M., Piroué, P. A., Plasil, F., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Produit, N., Qian, J. M., Qureshi, K. N., Raghavan, R., Rahal-Callot, G., Raven, G., Razis, P., Read, K., Ren, D., Ren, Z., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Ricker, A., Riemann, S., Rind, O., Rizvi, H. A., Roe, B. P., Röhner, M., Röhner, S., Romero, L., Rose, J., Rosier-Lees, S., Rosmalen, R., Rosselet, Ph., Rubbia, A., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Sachwitz, M., Salicio, J., Salicio, J. M., Sanders, G. S., Santocchia, A., Sarakinos, M. S., Sartorelli, G., Sauvage, G., Schegelsky, V., Schmiemann, K., Schmitz, D., Schmitz, P., Schneegans, M., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Shotkin, S., Schreiber, H. J., Shukla, J., Schulte, R., Schulte, S., Schultze, K., Schütte, J., Schwenke, J., Schwering, G., Sciacca, C., Scott, I., Sehgal, R., Seiler, P. G., Sens, J. C., Servoli, L., Sheer, I., Shen, D. Z., Shevchenko, S., Shi, X. R., Shumilov, E., Shoutko, V., Soderstrom, E., Sopczak, A., Spartiotis, C., Spickermann, T., Spillantini, P., Starosta, R., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Sticozzi, F., Stone, H., Strauch, K., Stringfellow, B. C., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Summer, R. L., Sun, L. Z., Suter, H., Sutton, R. B., Swain, J. D., Syed, A. A., Tang, X. W., Taylor, L., Timmermans, C., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tonutti, M., Tonwar, S. C., Tóth, J., Tsaregorodtsev, A., Tsipolitis, G., Tully, C., Tung, K. L., Ulbricht, J., Urbán, L., Uwer, U., Valente, E., Van de Walle, R. T., Vetlitsky, I., Viertel, G., Vikas, P., Vikas, U., Vivargent, M., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Von Dardel, G., Vorobiev, I., Vorobyov, A. A., Vuilleumier, L., Wadhwa, M., Wallraff, W., Wang, C. R., Wang, G. H., Wang, J. H., Wang, Q. F., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z. M., Weber, A., Weber, J., Weill, R., Wenaus, T. J., Wenninger, J., White, M., Willmott, C., Wittgenstein, F., Wright, D., Wu, R. J., Wu, S. X., Wu, Y. G., Wyslouch, B., Xie, Y. Y., Xu, Y. D., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, Z. L., Yan, D. S., Yan, X. J., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, G., Yang, K. S., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, Z. Q., Ye, C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., Yin, Z. W., You, J. M., Yunus, N., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zeng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, B., Zhou, J. F., Zhu, R. Y., Zhuang, H. L., Zichichi, A., and L3 Collaboration

Published
1992
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45. Measurement of electroweak parameters from hadronic and leptonic decays of theZ 0

Author

Adeva, B., Adriani, O., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Akbari, H., Alcaraz, J., Aloisio, A., Alverson, G., Alviggi, M. G., An, Q., Anderhub, H., Anderson, A. L., Andreev, V. P., Angolov, T., Antonov, L., Antreasyan, D., Arce, P., Arefiev, A., de Asmundis, R., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Baba, P. V. K. S., Bagnaia, P., Bakken, J. A., Baksay, L., Ball, R. C., Banerjee, S., Bao, J., Barone, L., Bay, A., Becker, U., Behrens, J., Beingessner, S., Bencze, Gy. L., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biland, A., Bizzarri, R., Blaising, J. J., Blömeke, P., Blumenfeld, B., Bobbink, G. J., Bocciolini, M., Bock, R., Böhm, A., Borgia, B., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Boutigny, D., Bouwens, B., Branson, J. G., Brock, I. C., Bruyant, F., Buisson, C., Bujak, A., Burger, J. D., Burq, J. P., Busenitz, J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Carbonara, F., Cardenal, P., Carminati, F., Cartacci, A. M., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chen, M. L., Chen, W. Y., Chiefari, G., Chien, C. Y., Chollet, F., Civinini, C., Clare, I., Clare, R., Cohn, H. O., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Commichau, V., Conforto, G., Contin, A., Crijns, F., Criscuolo, P., Cui, X. Y., Dai, T. S., D'Alessandro, R., Degré, A., Deiters, K., Dénes, E., Denes, P., DeNotaristefani, F., Dhina, M., DiBitonto, D., Diemoz, M., Diez-Hedo, F., Dimitrov, H. R., Dionisi, C., Divià, R., Dova, M. T., Drago, E., Driever, T., Duchesneau, D., Duinker, P., Duran, I., Mamouni, H. El, Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Erné, F. C., Extermann, P., Fabbretti, R., Faber, G., Fabre, M., Falciano, S., Fan, Q., Fan, S. J., Fackler, O., Fay, J., Fehlmann, J., Ferguson, T., Fernandez, G., Ferroni, F., Fesefeldt, H., Field, J., Filthaut, F., Finocchiaro, G., Fisher, P. H., Forconi, G., Foreman, T., Freudenreich, K., Friebel, W., Fukushima, M., Gailloud, M., Galaktionov, Yu., Gallo, E., Ganguli, S. N., Garcia-Abia, P., Gau, S. S., Gele, D., Gentile, S., Glaubman, M., Goldfarb, S., Gong, Z. F., Gonzalez, E., Gordeev, A., Göttlicher, P., Goujon, D., Gratta, G., Grinnell, C., Gruenewald, M., Guanziroli, M., Guo, J. K., Gurtu, A., Gustafson, H. R., Gutay, L. J., Haan, H., Hasan, A., Hauschildt, D., He, C. F., Hebbeker, T., Hebert, M., Herten, G., Herten, U., Hervé, A., Hilgers, K., Hofer, H., Hoorani, H., Hsu, L. S., Hu, G., Hu, G. O., Ille, B., Ilyas, M. M., Innocente, V., Isiksal, E., Janssen, H., Jin, B. N., Jones, L. W., Kasser, A., Khan, R. A., Kamyshkov, Yu., Karyotakis, Y., Kaur, M., Khokhar, S., Khoze, V., Kienzle-Focacci, M. N., Kinnison, W., Kirkby, D., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., König, A. C., Kornadt, O., Koutsenko, V., Kraemer, R. W., Kramer, T., Krastev, V. R., Krenz, W., Krizmanic, J., Kumar, K. S., Kumar, V., Kunin, A., Lalieu, V., Landi, G., Lanske, D., Lanzano, S., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., LeCoultre, P., Lee, D., Leedom, I., LeGoff, J. M., Leistam, L., Leiste, R., Lenti, M., Leonardi, E., Lettry, J., Levchenko, P. M., Leytens, X., Li, C., Li, H. T., Li, J. F., Li, L., Li, P. J., Li, Q., Li, X. G., Liao, J. Y., Lin, Z. Y., Linde, F. L., Lindemann, B., Linnhofer, D., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Lu, Y. S., Lubbers, J. M., Lübelsmeyer, K., Luci, C., Luckey, D., Ludovici, L., Lue, X., Luminari, L., Ma, W. G., MacDermott, M., Magahiz, R., Maire, M., Malhotra, P. K., Malik, R., Malinin, A., Maña, C., Mao, D. N., Mao, Y. F., Maolinbay, M., Marchesini, P., Marchionni, A., Martin, B., Martin, J. P., Martinez-Laso, L., Marzano, F., Massaro, G. G. G., Matsuda, T., Mazumdar, K., McBride, P., McMahon, T., McNally, D., Meinholz, Th., Merk, M., Merola, L., Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mi, Y., Mills, G. B., Mir, Y., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Möller, M., Monteleoni, B., Morand, G., Morand, R., Morganti, S., Moulai, N. E., Mount, R., Müller, S., Nagy, E., Napolitano, M., Newman, H., Neyer, C., Niaz, M. A., Niessen, L., Nowak, H., Pandoulas, D., Plasil, F., Passaleva, G., Paternoster, G., Patricelli, S., Pei, Y. J., Perret-Gallix, D., Perrier, J., Pevsner, A., Pieri, M., Piccolo, D., Piroué, P. A., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Produit, N., Qian, J. M., Qureshi, K. N., Raghavan, R., Rahal-Callot, G., Razis, P., Read, K., Ren, D., Ren, Z., Reucroft, S., Ricker, A., Riemann, S., Rind, O., Rippich, C., Rizvi, H. A., Roe, B. P., Röhner, M., Röhner, S., Roeser, U., Romero, L., Rose, J., Rosier-Lees, S., Rosmalen, R., Rosselet, Ph., Rubbia, A., Rubio, J. A., Rubio, M., Ruckstuhl, W., Rykaczewski, H., Sachwitz, M., Salicio, J., Salicio, J. M., Sanders, G., Sarakinos, M. S., Sartorelli, G., Sauvage, G., Savin, A., Schegelsky, V., Schmiemann, K., Schmitz, D., Schmitz, P., Schneegans, M., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Shotkin, S., Schreiber, H. J., Schulte, R., Schulte, S., Schultze, K., Schütte, J., Schwenke, J., Schwering, G., Sciacca, C., Scott, I., Sehgal, R., Seiler, P. G., Sens, J. C., Sheer, I., Shen, D. Z., Shevchenko, V., Shevchenko, S., Shi, X. R., Shmakov, K., Shoutko, V., Shumilov, E., Smirnov, N., Soderstrom, E., Sopczak, A., Spartiotis, C., Spickermann, T., Spiess, B., Spillantini, P., Starosta, R., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Sticozzi, F., Stoeffl, W., Stone, H., Strauch, K., Stringfellow, B. C., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Sumner, R. L., Sun, L. Z., Suter, H., Sutton, R. B., Swain, J. D., Syed, A. A., Tang, X. W., Tarkovsky, E., Taylor, L., Timmermans, C., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tong, Y. P., Tonisch, F., Tonutti, M., Tonwar, S. C., Tóth, J., Trowitzsch, G., Tully, C., Tung, K. L., Ulbricht, J., Urbán, L., Uwer, U., Valente, E., Van de Walle, R. T., Vetlitsky, I., Viertel, G., Vikas, P., Vikas, U., Vivargent, M., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Von Dardel, G., Vorobiev, I., Vorobyov, A. A., Vorobyov, An. A., Vuilleumier, L., Wadhwa, M., Wallraff, W., Wang, C. R., Wang, G. H., Wang, J. H., Wang, Q. F., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Weber, A., Weber, J., Weill, R., Wenaus, T. J., Wenninger, J., White, M., Willmott, C., Wittgenstein, F., Wright, D., Wu, R. J., Wu, S. L., Wu, S. X., Wu, Y. G., Wyslouch, B., Xie, Y. Y., Xu, Y. D., Xu, Z. Z., Xue, Z. L., Yan, D. S., Yan, X. J., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, G., Yang, K. S., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, Z. Q., Ye, C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., Yin, Z. W., You, J. M., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zehnder, L., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zeng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, J. F., Zhu, R. Y., Zhuang, H. L., Zichichi, A., and L3 Collaboration

Published
1991
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50. New horizons for agricultural development

Author

Niaz, M. Shafi

Subjects
Pakistan -- Agricultural policy, Agricultural development projects -- Pakistan, Agriculture -- Economic aspects, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, Economics, Government
Abstract

At the time of allocation of resources either in the Five Year Plans or in the Annual Development Plans the sector got what can be termed as 'step mother's treatment'. [...]

Published
1993

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