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Abstract Essential oils (EO), as new bioactive compounds, have been used for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, EO of Niaouli was found to have a high content in 1,8-cineole (58.53%). Furthermore, pinene, α-terpineol, nerolidol and ledene were found to be its components with an abundance of above 2%. Niaouli EO also had effects as inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation (p

Structural and Ecological Characteristics of Commercial Timber species' population: a Basis for Silviculture in Niaouli Forest Stands (Southern Benin). This study was carried out to provide silvicultural guidance in the Niaouli forest (6°43'- 6°44'N and 2°07'- 2°08'E), Southern Benin, based on commercial species. Twenty-three 0.25 ha plots (50 m x 50 m) were set to characterize the structure and the ecology of these species' populations. Within each plot of 0.25 ha, three 100 m² sub-plots (10 m × 10 m) were set for the assessment of regeneration. A multidimensional scaling was performed with SPSS 16.0 on presence-absence data of species, and led to the identification of four forest stands. Overall, the number of species and their abundance in the stands were linked to the presence of water. Diameter structure and regeneration revealed that the populations of the studied species were not at equilibrium. The silvicultural interventions suggested to equilibrate them were as follows: enrichment of the forest stands with the studied species; removal of liana and clearing of the undergrowth to enable the germination of seeds and the growth of the seedlings of commercial species, and the protection of the forest from illegal logging by improving security.

This study was carried out to provide silvicultura! guidance in the Niaouli forest (6°43'- 6°44'N and 2°07'- 2°08'E), Southern Benin, based on commercial species. Twenty-three 0.25 ha plots (50 m x 50 m) were set to characterize the structure and the ecology of these species' populations. Within each plot of 0.25 ha, three 100 m² sub-plots (10 m x 10 m) were set for the assessment of regeneration. A multidimensional scaling was performed with SPSS 16.0 on presence-absence data of species, and led to the identification of four forest stands. Overall, the number of species and their abundance in the stands were linked to the presence of water. Diameter structure and regeneration revealed that the populations of the studied species were not at equilibrium. The silvicultural interventions suggested to equilibrate them were as follows: enrichment of the forest stands with the studied species; removal of liana and clearing of the undergrowth to enable the germination of seeds and the growth of the seedlings of commercial species, and the protection of the forest from illegal logging by improving security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vivo immunomodulatory effect of essential oil of niaouli (EON) was investigated using a mouse model, in which mice were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and intraperitoneally given EON (less than 500 μl kg-1 body weight). In vivo efficacy of EON for immune potentiation was convinced by significantly higher expression of an activation marker, CD25, on freshly isolated draining lymph node (LN) T cells, but not B cells. However, immunofluoresence analysis failed to show any proportional change in T/B and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios. Data of KLH-specific immunoglobulin serum levels showed that EON does not affect humoral immune response. Instead, proliferative response and IFNγ production of LN T cells ex vivo stimulated with KLH were significantly higher in EON-treated group, but not IL-2 and IL-4 production. These results clearly show that EON preferentially upregulates T-cell mediated cellular immunity. We further clarified the accessory cells' contribution to the EON-mediated potentiation of cellular immunity and found considerably higher production of and TNF-α and IL-12 by splenic macrophages from EON-treated mice when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFNγ. Collectively, in vivo EON treatment potentiates T cell-mediated cellular immunity and macrophage activity, but not humoral immunity. The current study provides a rationale for clinical application of EON to control infectious diseases, in particular, those caused by intracellular pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of craft and industrial niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia) leaf essential oils from Madagascar has been investigated over ten years. Samples (159) which are representative of this country correspond each year to 1.5-2 tons essential oil production. Among the various components identified by GC/MS, twenty-one were used for statistical analyses, the major components were α- pinene (0.1-17%), limonene (0.0-12%), 1,8- cineole (0.0-71%), a- terpineol (0.0-12%), (E)-nerolidol (0.0-95%) and viridiflorol (0.1-36%). Niaouli essential oils from Madagascar were classified into three chemotypes using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): a cineole chemotype (49-62%), a viridiflorol chemotype (21-36%) and an (E)-nerolidol chemotype (56-95%). The 1,8-cineole chemotype is widespread, representing 92% of the samples investigated if the leaf collection is done at random. The chemotype choice for production is possible using tree selection by leaf olfactory selection before leaf harvesting for essential oil production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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