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This study discusses the relationship between the stock market performance and all its independent variables which is oil price, economic growth, inflation and hot money in China. The data being used in this study is quarterly data from the period of 2000 to 2017. The main tests being used are Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Non-Autoregressive Distributed Lag which is followed by several diagnostic checking. The test is used to determine whether there exists a long run relationship between the independent variable and stock market performance and if asymmetric effect exist in hot money. The study shows that oil price, economic growth and hot money possess a long run relationship towards stock market performance in China whereas inflation does not. It also shows oil price and economic growth possess a positive relationship whereas hot money and inflation possess a negative relationship. Moreover, it is also found that hot money possesses an asymmetric effect towards stock market performance.

In this paper, the single leg of the jumpable bionic robot is designed, which is based on the analysis of the hind leg skeleton and muscle structure of the cheetah. The configuration of the single legs composed of a body module, a thigh module, a shank module, an ankle module and an energy storage unit. An energy storage unit is designed at each joint. The energy storage unit is driven by a servo motor, and servo motor drives a guide rod to compress a spring for energy storage, which can quickly release energy according to the action requirement to rapidly change motion state of the connected structure for realizing the jump of the single leg. In order to realize the simulation analysis of the robot motion, the single leg model was built using Solidworks software and the model was imported into ADAMS software for dynamic simulation. In the ADAMS software, the jumping ability of the robot is realized by motion planning, giving joint’s driving functions and the foot trajectory function. The contact force curve and the corresponding motion parameters are obtained between the foot point and the ground at the moment of take-off and landing. The work provides a theoretical support for the optimal design and practical use of the robot’s single leg.

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM., Graphical Abstract

Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is an important pest of crucifers worldwide. The extensive use of flubendiamide has led to the development of resistance in field populations and reports of control failures. In this study, the lab-selected (Rf) and field-collected (Rb) flubendiamide-resistant strains of P. xylostella with LC50 resistance ratios of 1890-fold and 1251-fold, respectively, were used, as well as a lab-reared flubendiamide-susceptible strain (S). The results showed that the fecundity of the Rf and Rb-resistant strains was significantly lower than that of S strain. The contents of vitellin and transcripts of P. xylostella vitellogenin (PxVg) and P. xylostella vitellogenin receptor (PxVgR) genes in the Rf and Rb strains were significantly higher than those of S strains at 0–48 h after adult eclosion. At 96 h after eclosion, the content of vitellin in the Rf and Rb strains did not differ significantly from those of S strains, whereas transcripts of the PxVg and PxVgR genes in the Rf and Rb strains were significantly lower than that of the S strain. The content of the juvenile hormone III (JH III), β-ecdysone (20E), and the gene expression level of P. xylostella methoprene tolerant (PxMet) in the Rf and Rb strains were significantly higher than that of the S strain. The activity of trehalase was significantly higher in the Rf and Rb strains than that of the S strain in the first to the third instar larvae, whereas in the fourth instar larvae, there was no significantly difference in the three strains. At different times after adult eclosion, the differences in trehalase activity were erratic between the strains. The transcripts of P. xylostella trehalase (PxTre) gene in the Rf and Rb strains were significantly higher than that of the S strain in most developmental stages. Here, we report differences in fecundity between flubendiamide-resistant and susceptible strains of P. xylostella and discuss gene expression of several reproductive factors, which provides a possible explanation for the mechanism of fecundity reduction concurrent with flubendiamide-resistance in P. xylostella.

The lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica, is an important predatory insect, which plays an important role in the integrated pest management of agroforestry pests. However, the extensive use of insecticides negatively affects C. sinica. The acute toxicity, risk level, and, sublethal effects on growth and production, predation ability, protective enzyme activity and genotoxicity of four insecticides: indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin to C. sinica were studied. The results showed that all four insecticides had lethal toxicity to larvae of C. sinica. Among them, emamectin benzoate had the highest toxicity with LC50 value of 7.41 mg/L. The insecticides also had different effects on the growth and reproduction of C. sinica, of which lambda-cyhalothrin had the greatest impacts. Even at a very low LC1 concentration (3.37 mg/L), it had strong impacts on the growth, reproduction and predatory ability of C. sinica. The four insecticides also caused a decrease in the predatory ability of the lacewing, of which lambda-cyhalothrin had the greatest effect. During the larval stage, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly decreased by the four insecticides. At the pupal and adult stages, the effects of the four insecticides on the activities of protective enzymes were different, and the activities of SOD, CAT and POD decreased or increased. Indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalothrin exposure induced DNA damage in the haemocytes of C. sinica and produced obvious genotoxicity. These results provide important scientific basis for the rational use of these insecticides and the protection and utilization of lacewing.

During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China’s regional development strategies and policies have positively contributed to the economic transformation and upgrading in the eastern China, sound economic growth momentum in the central and western China, faster economic growth in old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poor areas, and more coordinated development among regions. Despite its remarkable achievements, China’s coordinated regional development still faces problems such as unbalanced economic growth between the southern and northern China, great gaps in innovation capacity among regions, difficulties in ensuring equitable access to basic public services, and slow growth of Blue Economy. To pursue regional development in China, the most important task at present is to promote coordinated and high-quality regional development and create a new pattern that can help such development become better in terms of quality, efficiency, fairness, and sustainability. The shift from questing for coordinated regional development to high-quality coordinated regional development not only reflects the transformation of regional development concept but also adapts to the requirement for regional development transformation in today’s China. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, to promote high-quality coordinated regional development, China should continue to make overall planning for the four major regions and coordinate the development of belts and zones with the four major regions as the basis and the key belts and zones as the framework. It should continue to deepen and improve the “[Formula: see text]” master strategy for regional development and facilitate the formation of a national system for regional development strategies. It should further improve the governance system for China’s national space, with an emphasis on creating the main framework for the development of national space that consists of three horizontal axes and three vertical axes, stretches over the eastern, central and western regions, and connects the northern region with the southern region, setting up a network of growth poles mainly supported by city clusters and metropolitan areas, and putting in place a negative list system for national space development. Besides, China should continue to accelerate the development of C-shaped open economic belts in border areas, further strengthen the opening up of inland, and spare no effort to foster the three major marine economic zones, thus working toward all-around opening up that coordinates land and marine development as well as the development of China’s coastal, border and inland areas. On that basis, China should also actively steer the northeastern region out of difficulty and help it develop vigorously, redouble efforts to cultivate advanced manufacturing centers in the central and western regions, formulate and implement support policies for relatively poor areas, and expedite the integration of modern infrastructure.

This paper is to simulate the internal flow field in the impeller and the volute of 9-19No.4A fan under different operating conditions. Based on CFD theory and standard two-equation turbulent model, the simulations of turbulent flow between the impeller and the volute under different operating conditions are performed by using the flow calculation software CFX. Numerical results are utilized to perform detailed flow visualization. The results indicate that the fan performance curve of the experiment agree with those of numerical simulations.

Based on the information poor system theory, the grey bootstrap method is employed to estimate the uncertainty of the rolling bearing friction torque. The data series are obtained via the experimental investigation of the friction torque of the rolling bearings under the condition of different rotational speeds. And the results show that the mean of the dynamic fluctuant range (MDFR) of the friction torque increases with the rotational speed of the rolling bearing, revealing the new dynamic performance of the rolling bearing friction torque as a data series.

The information entropy theory is applied to evaluate the uncertainty of the rolling bearing friction torque. The data series are obtained via the experimental investigation on the friction torque of the rolling bearings under the condition of different rotational speeds. And the result shows that the information entropy of the friction torque increases with the rotational speed of the rolling bearing, revealing the new dynamic performance of the rolling bearing friction torque as a data series.

Based on the chaotic theory, the methods of the Lyapunov exponent and the box dimension were applied to evaluate the chaotic characteristic and the nonlinear dynamic performance of the rolling bearing friction torque. The time series were obtained via the experimental investigation on the friction torque of the rolling bearings under the condition of different rotational speeds. It is found that the rolling bearing friction torque is of a chaotic system because the maximum of Lyapunov exponents of its time series is greater than zero according to the chaotic theory. And the result shows that the mean of the box dimension of the friction torque increases with the rotational speed of the rolling bearing, revealing the new dynamic performance of the rolling bearing friction torque as a time series.

To explore the relationship between the Oncomelania snail situation and the distance to the water source, soil humidity, vegetation and water level in flood seasons in the islets of Changsha Section of the Xiang River.Combined with the NDVI and soil humidity of islets, the GIS spatial analysis based on grid data-driven was used to analyze the snail situation in Changsha Section of the Xiang River from 2005 to 2009. The relationship between the snail density and the water level in blood seasons was analyzed.In 2005, the snails in Zengpi Islet were mainly distributed at the range of 40-240 m far away from the nearest water source, and the number at the spots with a distance of 60 m was the largest. There was an obvious positive correlation between the snail density and water level in flood seasons. The ranges of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and soil humidity of Zengpi Islet in 2005 were 0-0.982 and 0-0.298, respectively and the main vegetation in Changsha Section of the Xiang River were weed and sedge. The map of snail situation by year was drawn according to the standard water level, which reflected the snail situation intuitionistically.By using spatial analysis based on grid data-driven, the situation of vegetation, soil humidity and snail accurately can be reflected, which can help us to understand the endemic situation timely. Even under the circumstance of human intervention, the water level in flood seasons is still an important factor influencing the change of snail situation.

To analyze the effects of Eomecon chinanthe sanguinarine (SAN) on glucogen, enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation of Oncomelania hupensis liver so as to explore the mechanism of SAN against Oncomelania hupensis.SAN was extracted and purified from the dry powder of Eomecon chionantha. Oncomelania hupensis were immersed in 5 mg/L sanguinarine (50 Oncomelania hupensis per 500 ml solution) or clean water at 25 degrees C for 36 h, the livers were isolated from live snails. Total glucogen content, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) were determined respectively and the data were analyzed by independent t test.The glucogen content of snail livers in the SAN group and the control group were (12.151 +/- 0.204) and (18.113 +/- 0.163) mg/g respectively, the difference between the two groups was significant (P0.05); the MDA levels of the two groups were (5.298 +/- 0.441) and (4.351 +/- 0.197) nmol/mgprot respectively, and the difference was not significant (P0.05); the activities of ALT, AST, ACP, AKP, SOD in the SAN group were (2.760 +/- 0.076) U/mgprot, (68.723 +/- 2.295) U/mgprot, (407.949 +/-19.868) U/gprot, (191.287 +/- 0.771) U/ gprot and (48.452 +/- 0.193) U/mgprot respectively, the activities of these enzymes in the control group were (1.104 +/- 0.000) U/mgprot, (49.448 +/- 1.626) U/mgprot, (344.475 +/- 30.186) U/gprot, (121.905 +/- 3.127) U/gprot and (38.814 +/- 2.765) U/mgprot respectively, the activities of ALT, AST, ACP, AKP and SOD were significantly increased after immersed in 5 mg/L SAN for 36 h, the differences were significant (All P values0.05); yet the difference of POD between the SAN group [(22.170 +/- 0.018) U/mgprot] and the control group [(21.747 +/- 0.264) U/mgprot] was not significant (P0.05).SAN can destroy liver functions of Oncomelania hupensis through decreasing glucogen content and changing activities of some important enzymes in snail liver.

According to the characteristics and requirements for design expert systems, this paper describes a Design Expert System Tool (DEST) with hybrid knowledge representation and reasoning. The main goal is to provide an effective and convenient development environment of expert system for design domains. It adopts the technique of object oriented knowledge representation, which integrates frame, rule and procedure. For each knowledge representation, different inference engines are designed. Inductive reasoning and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) are combined to form a hybrid inference engine. For improving the quality of case retrieval, it presents a new method of attribute similarity calculation and weight assigning. Moreover, it provides a visualisation knowledge management platform for expert and designer to build and apply expert systems.