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ObjectiveTo understand the relationship between proactive health behaviors and quality of life among middle-aged and elderly residents in Laiwu district, Jinan city, Shandong province, and to provide a reference for improving the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people in the region. MethodsFrom August to October 2022, a multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 867 middle-aged and elderly residents aged ≥ 45 years old in Laiwu district, Jinan city for a questionnaire survey. The European Five-Dimensional Health Scale (EQ-5D) was used to obtain health utility values based on the Chinese population health utility scoring system to evaluate quality of life. A multivariate Tobit regression model was used to analyze the relationship between proactive health behaviors and quality of life among middle-aged and elderly residents. ResultsThe health utility values of the 702 middle-aged and elderly residents aged ≥ 45 years old finally included in Laiwu district, Jinan city, Shandong province ranged from – 0.216 to 1.000, with an average health utility value of 0.942 (0.862, 1.000). After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, education level, marital status, average monthly household income, type of medical insurance, smoking status, and presence of chronic diseases, the results of the multivariate Tobit regression model showed that the health utility values of middle-aged and elderly residents who never drank alcohol (β = 0.019, 95%CI: 0.011 – 0.027) and had quit drinking (β = 0.015, 95%CI: 0.003 – 0.028) were higher than those of middle-aged and elderly residents who drank alcohol. The health utility values of the middle-aged and the elderly residents who ate fresh vegetables and fruits ≥ 4 times/week (β = 0.158, 95%CI: 0.017 – 0.299) were higher than those who did not eat fresh vegetables and fruits. The health utility values of middle-aged and elderly residents who engaged in moderate physical activity in the past week (β = 0.057, 95%CI: 0.023 – 0.090) were higher than those who did not exercise. The health utility values of the middle-aged and the elderly residents who went to bed between 20 : 00 – 22 : 00 (β = 0.074, 95%CI: 0.029 – 0.119) were higher than those who went to bed before 20 : 00. The health utility values of the middle-aged and the elderly residents who believed they needed health management very much (β = 0.020, 95%CI: 0.005 – 0.036) and believed they could try health management (β = 0.014, 95%CI: 0.002 – 0.030) were higher than those who held the attitude of not needing it. ConclusionThe proactive health behaviors of the middle-aged and the elderly residents in Laiwu district, Jinan city, Shandong province, such as the frequency of eating fresh vegetables and fruits per week, engaging in moderate physical activity, and the need for their own health management, were positively correlated with their quality of life.

The flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a highly nutritious, cultured bony fish with a high economic value. The health of the fish is closely related to its blood cells, which are critical for oxygen transport, natural defense, and immunity. The microstructures, classification, counting and size of peripheral blood cells in P. olivaceus were observed and measured by Wright-Giemsa staining, and the cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells were investigated by different cytochemical staining methods including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Sudan black B (SBB), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), peroxidase (POX), and α-naphthol acetate esterase (NAE). Besides, the ultrastructures of different cells were detected by the transmission electron microscope. The results showed that erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils constituted the peripheral blood cells in P. olivaceus. More heterochromatins were found in erythrocytes, thrombocytes and neutrophils; however, more organelles with fewer heterochromatins were found in monocytes. Endoplasmic reticulums and phagocytic vesicles were abundant in neutrophils. Lymphocytes were the most abundant in leukocytes, followed by monocytes and neutrophils. The cytochemical staining results showed that all leukocytes were positive for SBB. Most of the lymphocytes were positive for PAS, and monocytes were positive for PAS, ACP, and POX. As for neutrophils, ACP and POX were positive. Both monocytes and neutrophils showed positive for SBB, ACP and POX, indicating that the two kinds of cells play a vital role in phagocytosis and bactericidal action. Only lymphocytes were positive for ALP, indicating that they were important in inflammation and immune response. Some characteristics similarities in peripheral blood cells were showed in P. olivaceus just as the other fishes.

Background In terms of hospitalization risk for the elderly, the evidences for adverse effects and economic losses of air pollutants on different types of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are limited. This study aims to quantify the economic losses of five major CVDs affected by air pollutants in Southwestern China.Methods Hospitalization information of 358,271 participants in the top five CVDs among the elderly population was collected over a 4-year time span. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to estimate the short-term exposure response relationship between air pollutants and elderly inpatients with CVDs. The cost of illness method (COI) was used to evaluate the corresponding direct and indirect costs, and we refer to this in the text as economic losses.Results Air pollutants significantly increase the risk of hospitalisation in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial ischaemia (MI), pulmonary heart disease (PHD), hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmia. CO, NO2, PM10 and SO2 were significant increase the risk of CHD, with the RRs were 0.09, 2.59, 0.31, and 6.54, respectively; CO, NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 were notably increased the risk of MI， with the RRs were 0.16, 4.19, 0.76, 0.79, 0.92, and 7.49, respectively; CO, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 were distinctly increased the risk of PHD, with the RRs were 0.14, 2.79, 0.75, 1.00, and 3.86, respectively; NO2 and SO2 significant increase the risk of hypertension, with the RRs were 1.41 and 5.94, respectively; CO, NO2, PM10, and SO2 were distinctly increased the risk of arrhythmia, with the RRs were 0.09, 2.23, 0.36, and 5.41, respectively. Furthermore, we quantify the economic losses of five major CVDs affected by air pollutants. The economic burden of air pollution on patients with CHD, hypertension, PHD, cardiac arrhythmia, and MI were 66.38, 36.58, 5.76, 5.66 5.21 million yuan, respectively.Conclusion Our study found that short-term exposure to pollutants can have a significant impact on hospital admissions for all types of CVDs in the elderly. In terms of hospitalisation rates, SO2 and NO2 had a significant effect on different types of CVDs. Moreover, we found that air pollutants cause a heavy economic burden on patients with hypertension and CHD. It follows that reducing the concentration of air pollutants is an effective way to bring potential health benefits as well as economic benefits to local residents. Government departments should actively formulate relevant policies to reduce the physical and mental damage caused by air pollution.

Background: The gut microbiota may affect mood through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), on prenatal depression and to determine the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on prenatal depression in association with the gut microbiota and its metabolites (i.e. SCFAs). Methods: Eighty-six pregnant women in the third trimester were recruited. Prenatal depression was determined by a score of 10 via the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Demographic data, stool, and blood samples were collected. The gut microbiota and its metabolites SCFAs were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Plasma 5-HT was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Results: After controlling relevant covariates, our results found the higher the abundance of Candidatus_Soleaferrea, the lower the risk of prenatal depression; the higher the concentration of propanoic acid, the higher risk of prenatal depression. Our results also found the lower the plasma 5-HT, the higher the risk of prenatal depression, and 5-HT was related to unclassified_c_Clostridia and NK4A214_group. However, results of this study did not support the moderating effect of plasma 5-HT on the association of Candidatus_Soleaferrea or propionic acid with prenatal depression. Conclusions: Results of this study supported that changes in certain gut microbiota, SCFAs, and plasma 5-HT during pregnancy were associated with prenatal depression. This finding provides new ideas for interventions based on diet or probiotics to regulate mood during pregnancy.

The catastrophic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised many health questions, and whether breast milk from SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers may be a vector for SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become a hot topic of concern worldwide. Currently, there are extremely limited and conflicting data on the risk of infection in infants through breastfeeding. For this reason, we investigated almost all current clinical studies and systematically analyzed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and antibodies in the breast milk of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2, their effects on newborns, and the mechanisms involved. A total of 82 studies were included in this review, of which 66 examined the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk samples from mothers diagnosed with COVID-19, 29 reported results of antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, and 13 reported both nucleic acid and antibody test results. Seventeen studies indicated the presence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in breast milk samples, and only two studies monitored viral activity, both of which reported that infectious viruses could not be cultured from RNA-positive breast milk samples. All 29 studies indicated the presence of at least one of the three antibodies, IgA, IgG and IgM, in breast milk. Five studies indicated the presence of at least one antibody in the serum of breastfed newborns. No COVID-19-related deaths were reported in all 1,346 newborns. Our study suggests that direct breastfeeding does not pose an additional risk of infection to newborns and that breast milk is a beneficial source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that provide passive immune protection to infants. In addition, direct breastfeeding would provide maternal benefits. Our review supports the recommendation to encourage direct breastfeeding under appropriate infection control guidelines.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, identifier: 458043.

Abstract The ‘angiogenic switch’ is critical for tumor progression. However, the pathological details and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we established mammal xenografts in zebrafish to visually investigate the first vessel growth (angiogenic switch) in real-time, by inoculating tumor cells into the perivitelline space of live optically transparent Transgenic (flk1:EGFP) zebrafish larvae. Using this model, we found that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling were unnecessary for the angiogenic switch, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor A gene (Vegfa) played a crucial role. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis showed that the angiogenic switch was characterized by inhibition of translation, but not hypoxia. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (Eif2α) and the expression of Vegfa were increased in the angiogenic switch microtumors, and 3D tumor spheroids, and puromycin-treated tumor cells. Vegfa overexpression promoted early onset of the angiogenic switch, whereas Vegfa knockout prevented the first tumor vessel from sprouting. Pretreatment of tumor cells with puromycin promoted the angiogenic switch in vivo similarly to Vegfa overexpression, whereas Vegfa knockdown suppressed the increase. This study provides direc and dynamic in vivo evidences that inhibition of translation, but not hypoxia or HIF signaling promotes the angiogenic switch in tumor by increasing Vegfa transcription.

Chloropropanols, one of the major contaminants in food, and the corresponding esters or glycidyl esters (GEs) are of great concern in terms of product safety due to their potential carcinogenicity. During heat processing, glycerol, allyl alcohol, chloropropanol esters, sucralose, and carbohydrate in mixed foodstuffs are probable precursors of chloropropanol. The standard analytical techniques for chloropropanols or their esters are GC–MS or LC-MS following sample derivatization pretreatment. By comparing modern data against that five-year-old before, it appears that the levels of chloropropanols and their esters/GEs in food products have somewhat decreased. 3-MCPD esters or GEs may yet exceed the permitted intake set, however, especially in newborn formula which requires particularly stringent regulatory measures. Citespace (6.1. R2) software was employed in this study to examine the research focii of chloropropanols and their corresponding esters/GEs in the literature.

BackgroundIt is critical to investigate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of atopic dermatitis. The microbiota hypothesis suggested that the development of allergic diseases may be attributed to the gut microbiota of mother-offspring pairs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among maternal-offspring gut microbiota and the subsequent development of atopic dermatitis in infants and toddlers at 2 years old.MethodsA total of 36 maternal-offspring pairs were enrolled and followed up to 2 years postpartum in central China. Demographic information and stool samples were collected perinatally from pregnant mothers and again postpartum from their respective offspring at the following time intervals: time of birth, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. Stool samples were sequenced with the 16S Illumina MiSeq platform. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the differences in gut microbiota between the atopic dermatitis group and control group.ResultsOur results showed that mothers of infants and toddlers with atopic dermatitis had higher abundance of Candidatus_Stoquefichus and Pseudomonas in pregnancy and that infants and toddlers with atopic dermatitis had higher abundance of Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group at birth, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group at 1 year and UCG-002 at 2 years, and lower abundance of Gemella and Veillonella at 2 years. Additionally, the results demonstrated a lower abundance of Prevotella in mothers of infants and toddlers with atopic dermatitis compared to mothers of the control group, although no statistical difference was found in the subsequent analysis.ConclusionThe results of this study support that gut microbiota status among mother-offspring pairs appears to be associated with the pathophysiological development of pediatric atopic dermatitis.

Background: Tanshinone IIA(TA) could be used for the treatment of some diseases. However, the clinical application of TA was hindered by its poor water - solubility and low oral bioavailability, etc. The aim of this study was to improve its oral bioavailability and dissolution by encapsulating TA with hydroxypropyl–beta–cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). Methods: The encapsulation composite of HP-β-CD/TA was prepared through solution method with optimization of response surface test design by taking encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as the goals; the in-vitro dissolution and in-vivo metabolism of the composite in rats were evaluated. Results: The optimal concentration of HP-β-CD in water was 0.4 g/mL; the optimal ratio of TA to HP-β-CD was 1:7 in weight for the encapsulating process at 50°C with stirring for 2h; the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 84.06% and 7.38%, respectively; the cumulative release of TA from HP–β -CD TA composite in vitro dissolution reached to 72% within 90 min, which was 3.78 times of that of the original TA substance; the area under the curves of AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) of the HP–β –CD -TA inclusion composite were 3.71 and 3.42 times of the original TA substance under p

To define the fusion genes in T/myeloid mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (T/M MPAL), we performed transcriptome sequencing of diagnostic bone marrow samples from 20 adult patients. Our analysis identified a second instance of a recurrent MED14-HOXA9 chimeric gene resulting from the in-frame fusion of exon 23 of MED14 and exon 1 of HOXA9, the first in an adult patient. The MED14-HOXA9 fusion gene was detected in both the diagnostic and relapsed blasts with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. The patient received combined conventional chemotherapy but suffered relapse at 11 months and died of disease progression one year after the initial diagnosis. Our data suggest that MED14-HOXA9 is a cryptic recurrent aberration in T/M MPAL, which might indicate an aggressive clinical course and inferior outcome after conventional chemotherapy. Further studies will be carried out to reveal the effects of the MED14-HOXA9 fusion on the differentiation and proliferation of leukemia stem cells, as well as suitable treatment strategies for this emerging entity.

Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN), an organic nitrate vasodilator, has been widely used worldwide to prevent angina pectoris for more than two decades. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of 5-ISMN in human plasma. 13C6-5-ISMN is an internal standard, and 5-ISMN was extracted from human plasma (50 µL) with ethyl acetate (200 µL) by a simple liquid-liquid extraction method. The chromatographic separation was carried out on LC-20A (Shimadzu, Japan) using an analytical column ZORBAX XDB-C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 µm), coupled with API 4000 tandem mass spectrometers in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (organic phase A) and 2 mM ammonium acetate in water (aqueous phase B) with an isocratic elution of A/B = 90 : 10 (v/v). The total run time was 3.5 min with a small injection volume (5 µL). This method was fully validated in every aspect of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and different stabilities. It was proved that the calibration standards within the 5.00–1000 ng/mL concentration range were linear. The lower limit of quantification was 5.00 ng/mL for 5-ISMN. The intrabatch and interbatch accuracy (RE) ranged from −8.8% to 7.1% with precision between 2.4% and 6.6%. The mean values of 5-ISMN extraction recovery and matrix effect were 87.0% and 102.0%, respectively. The fully validated method was successfully applied for a bioequivalence clinical trial of oral 20 mg 5-ISMN tablets in healthy Chinese subjects.

Chattonella species, C. marina and C. ovata, are harmful raphidophycean flagellates known to have hemolytic effects on many marine organisms and resulting in massive ecological damage worldwide. However, knowledge of the toxigenic mechanism of these ichthyotoxic flagellates is still limited. Light was reported to be responsible for the hemolytic activity (HA) of Chattonella species. Therefore, the response of photoprotective, photosynthetic accessory pigments, the photosystem II (PSII) electron transport chain, as well as HA were investigated in non-axenic C. marina and C. ovata cultures under variable environmental conditions (light, iron and addition of photosynthetic inhibitors). HA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were quantified using erythrocytes and pHPA assay. Results confirmed that% HA of Chattonella was initiated by light, but was not always elicited during cell division. Exponential growth of C. marina and C. ovata under the light over 100 µmol m−2 s−1 or iron-sufficient conditions elicited high hemolytic activity. Inhibitors of PSII reduced the HA of C. marina, but had no effect on C. ovata. The toxicological response indicated that HA in Chattonella was not associated with the photoprotective system, i.e., xanthophyll cycle and regulation of reactive oxygen species, nor the PSII electron transport chain, but most likely occurred during energy transport through the light-harvesting antenna pigments. A positive, highly significant relationship between HA and chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis pigments, especially chl c2 and chl a, in both species, indicated that hemolytic toxin may be generated during electron/energy transfer through the chl c2 biosynthesis pathway.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the mainstay for treatment of acid-related diseases. This study developed a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) model with ilaprazole as case drug, so as to support and accelerate the development of novel PPIs. The model was established and verified using the PK and PD data from 26 subjects receiving 5 to 30 mg of ilaprazole and 22 subjects receiving the loading dose of ilaprazole 20 mg followed by 10 mg once daily for 2 days. The nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach was performed for the PK/PD model. A two-compartment model with linear elimination and covariates (body weight and gender) described the observed data well. The relationship between plasma concentrations of ilaprazole and gastric acid pH was well quantified with individual variability, in which the synthesis and degradation of H+/K+-ATPase, the food effect, the circular rhythms of gastric acid secretion, and the irreversible inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase by ilaprazole were integrated. This PK/PD model well predicted the PK and PD profile of ilaprazole in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcers receiving wide range dose regimens. The mechanism-based PK/PD model provided a potential strategy to accelerate the development of novel PPIs by waiving the unnecessary clinical trials.

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitors have shown great promise in cancer therapeutics. SANT75, a novel compound we previously designed to specially inhibit the Smoothened (SMO) protein in the Hh pathway, has greater inhibitory potency than many of commonly used Hh inhibitors. However, preclinical studies of SANT75 revealed water insolubility and acute toxicity. To overcome these limitations, we developed a liposomal formulation of SANT75 and investigated its antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. We encapsulated SANT75 into PEGylated liposome and the mean particle size distribution and zeta-potential (ZP) of liposomes were optimized. Using the Shh-light2 cell and Gli-GFP or Flk-GFP transgenic reporter zebrafish, we confirmed that liposome-encapsulated SANT75 inhibited Hh activity with similar potency as the original SANT75. SANT75 encapsulated into liposome exerted strong tumor growth-inhibiting effects in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the liposomal SANT75 therapy efficiently improved the survival time of tumor-bearing mice without obvious systemic toxicity. The pathological morphology and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that liposomal SANT75 induced tumor cell apoptosis, inhibited tumor angiogenesis as assessed by CD31 and down-regulated the expression of Hh target protein Gli-1 in tumor tissues. Our findings suggest that liposomal formulated SANT75 has improved solubility and bioavailability and should be further developed as a drug candidate for treating tumors with abnormally high Hh activity.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of twelve lignans and three phenolic malabaricones from the seeds of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) were studied with the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model. The samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. Among the fifteen test compounds, benzonfuran-type, dibenzylbutane-type and arylnaphthalene-type lignans showed poor to moderate permeabilities with Papp values at 10−8–10−6 cm/s; those of 8-O-4′-neolignan and tetrahydrofuran-lignan were at 10−6–10−5 cm/s, meaning that their permeabilities are moderate to high; the permeabilities of malabaricones were poor as their Papp values were at 10−8–10−7 cm/s. To 5-methoxy-dehydrodiisoeugenol (2), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propan-1-ol acetate (6), verrucosin (8), and nectandrin B (9), an efflux way was involved and the main transporter for 6, 8 and 9 was demonstrated to be P-glycoprotein. The time and concentration dependency experiments indicated the main transport mechanism for neolignans dehydrodiisoeugenol (1), myrislignan (7) and 8 was passive diffusion. This study summarized the relationship between the BBB permeability and structure parameters of the test compounds, which could be used to preliminarily predict the transport of a compound through BBB. The results provide a significant molecular basis for better understanding the potential central nervous system effects of nutmeg.

Abstract Background Nosocomial infections are a major threat to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Limited data exist on the epidemiology of ICU-acquired infections in China. This retrospective study was carried out to determine the current status of nosocomial infection in China. Methods A retrospective review of nococomial infections in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in East China between 2003 and 2007 was performed. Nosocomial infections were defined according to the definitions of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The overall patient nosocomial infection rate, the incidence density rate of nosocomial infections, the excess length of stay, and distribution of nosocomial infection sites were determined. Then, pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were further investigated. Results Among 1980 patients admitted over the period of time, the overall patient nosocomial infection rate was 26.8% or 51.0 per 1000 patient days., Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) accounted for most of the infections (68.4%), followed by urinary tract infections (UTI, 15.9%), bloodstream (BSI, 5.9%), and gastrointestinal tract (GI, 2.5%) infections. There was no significant change in LRTI, UTI and BSI infection rates during the 5 years. However, GI rate was significantly decreased from 5.5% in 2003 to 0.4% in 2007. In addition, A. baumannii, C. albicans and S. epidermidis were the most frequent pathogens isolated in patients with LRTIs, UTIs and BSIs, respectively. The rates of isolates resistant to commonly used antibiotics ranged from 24.0% to 93.1%. Conclusion There was a high and relatively stable rate of nosocomial infections in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China through year 2003–2007, with some differences in the distribution of the infection sites, and pathogen and antibiotic susceptibility profiles from those reported from the Western countries. Guidelines for surveillance and prevention of nosocomial infections must be implemented in order to reduce the rate.

A series of Tb3+-activated NaLa(MoO4)2 phosphates were synthesized by solid-state reaction at 800 ℃ for 5 h. Comprehensive characterization of these samples included X-ray diffraction characteristics, luminescence spectra, scanning electron microscopy and analysis of luminescence decay curves. The luminescence analysis indicated that the strongest emissions occurred at wavelengths of 544 nm, 591 nm, and 615 nm. The colour of the fluorescence emission can change from red-orange to red and then to yellow-green light depending on the cvaoncentration ratio of Eu3+ and Tb3+ under different excitations. The CIE chromaticity coordinates demonstrated variability across different color ranges, showcasing the phosphor's capacity for color tuning. The energy yield was 94% when Eu3+ was 0.3 in direct comparison.The versatility in color tuning and high energy efficiency of this bis-molybdate phosphor make it a promising candidate for diverse applications in color display technologies and illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pain is a primary health problem in people living with HIV (PWH). However, there is limited research regarding chronic pain among PWH in Chinese health care settings. To investigate biopsychosocial factors of chronic pain severity, we conducted a crosssectional study in Shenzhen, China. Chronic pain was defined as pain lasting for more than three months. Pain intensity was measured using the numeric rating scale (NRS). Among 123 hospitalized PWH, 78.86% of participants had mild pain and 21.14% had moderate-severe pain. Multiple logistic regression results indicated thatPWHin moderate-severe pain group were more likely to have higher levels of interleukin [IL]-6 (OR51.034, 95% CI: 1.003-1.066, p5.029) and anxiety (OR51.334, 95% CI: 1.071-1.662, p5.010) than those in the mild chronic pain group. Targeted pain management interventions should be explored in clinical practices and future studies regarding PWH with high levels of IL-6 and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antibiotic adsorbability and economic performance of modified semi-carbonized fiber (SF) were investigated by using 100% chitosan (CS) to modify SF (prepared by cotton) for preparing CS-modified SF (CS-SF). Then, different ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, and 200%) of sodium alginate (SA) were used to modify 100CS-SF for preparing SA and CS-modified SF (SA/CS-SF). Batch method was used to investigate the adsorption characteristic of chlortetracycline (CTC), tetracycline (TC), and oxytetracycline (OTC) on different SA/CS-SFs. The effects of temperature, pH, and ionic strength on antibiotic adsorption were compared, and the economic performance of different SA/CS-SFs was analyzed. Results showed that (1) the Langmuir model is suitable for describing the adsorption process of antibiotics by different SA/CS-SFs. The maximum adsorption amount (qm) of different SA/CS-SFs for CTC, TC, and OTC were 11.17-36.36, 6.14-26.11, and 9.90-32.87 mmol/kg, respectively, ranking in the order of CTC > OTC > TC. (2) The adsorption antibiotics by different SA/CS-SFs conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetics equation. Antibiotic adsorption on different SA/CS-SFs increased with the increase in temperature, and the adsorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-increasing process. (3) In the pH range of 3-9 and ionic strength range of 0.01-0.2 mol/L, the adsorption amount of antibiotics on different SA/CS-SFs all increased first and then decreased with increasing pH and ionic strength, reaching the maximum value at pH = 5 and ionic strength of 0.1 mol/L, respectively. (4) The economy (qm/price) of different SA/CS-SFs for antibiotic adsorption ranged from 7.18 to 22.91 mg/¥, and 100SA/CS-SF showed the highest economy. Compared with biochar and modified biochar, 100SA/CS-SF had higher economy in antibiotic adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]