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In this study, the chemical components, antimicrobial and genotoxic biological activities of the acetone extract of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. pollen were examined. Two lactones were identified: ambrosin and artesovin. The antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of A. artemisiifolia L. pollen was examined on ten different bacterial species using the disc diffusion method and the microdilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth dilution. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the acetone extract of A. artemisiifolia pollen varied between 1.25-6.50 mg mL-1. The genotoxic effect of the acetone extract of A. artemisiifolia pollen on a eukaryotic model system Drosophila melanogaster was investigated using the SLRL test.

Sinapic acid is widespread in the plant kingdom (fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, oilseed crops, and some spices and medicinal plants) and as such is common in the human diet. Derivatives of sinapic acid are characteristic compounds in the Brassicaceae family. Sinapic acid shows antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-anxiety activity. 4-Vinylsyringol (a decarboxylation product of sinapic acid) is a potent antioxidative and antimutagenic agent which suppresses carcinogenesis and the induction of inflammatory cytokines. Sinapine (sinapoyl choline) is considered to be an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which might have therapeutic applications in various disease treatments. Mainly due to their antioxidative activity, these compounds have been suggested for potential use in food processing, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry, and this review aims to summarize current knowledge on the natural sources, chemistry, and biological activity of these substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]