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Objective To investigate the potential risk factors of the incidence of osteoporosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）. Methods In this study, 125 sex- and age-matched SLE patients （SLE group） and 125 healthy controls （HC group） were screened from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Fujian Provincial General Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College using the PSM matching method. Clinical data were collected. Bone mineral density （BMD） of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip was measured. T values in male and postmenopausal female aged≥50 years were calculated and Z values in male and premenopausal female aged < 50 years were calculated. The risk factors of the incidence of osteoporosis in SLE patients between two groups were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results The lumbar spine BMD （T value） in patients with SLE was lower than that in the HC group （P < 0.05）. The lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip BMD （Z value） in the SLE group were lower than those in the HC group （all P < 0.05）. Besides, the probability of abnormal BMD regarding the T and Z values in the SLE group was higher compared with that in the HC group （both P < 0.05）. In the SLE group, the proportion of normal BMD according to the T value was lower than that in the HC group, especially the lumbar spine. In the SLE group, the proportion of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip BMD （Z value） lower than normal level was higher than that in the HC group. In the SLE group, long disease duration, history of glucocorticoid use, age > 50 years and coronary artery disease were the risk factors of osteoporosis in SLE patients. Conclusions SLE patients with long disease duration, history of glucocorticoid use, age > 50 years and coronary artery disease are high-risk population for osteoporosis.

Objective: To investigate the manufacture and biocompatibility of a bioabsorbable poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) plate containing rhBMP-2., Methods: rhBMP-2 was composited with PDLLA (0.05 mg/plate) through vacuum to prepare PDLLA plate containing rhBMP-2. Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits (male or female) weighted (3.0 +/- 0.5) kg were used in the study. A 2.5 mm middle ulna osteotomy was made bilaterally. The bones as well as periosteum were removed. The right side of all the animals was experimental side (n=32), was fixed internally by PDLLA plate containing rhBMP-2.The left side of all the animals was control side (n=32), was fixed by common PDLLA plate. After a follow-up of 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the ulnas were examined visually, radiographically, histologically, and by computer graph analysis to compare the biocompatibility., Results: Porosity of PDLLA plate containing rhBMP-2 was 90%, aperture was 150 microm, tensile strength was higher than 50 MPa, three point flexural strength was higher than 90 MPa and intrinsic viscosity was 1.6 dL/g (chloroform solvent). All animals had a good healing 1 or 2 weeks after operation. All the animal's diet and movement were normal. All the fractures were stable. The plates in the experimental group degraded faster than those in the control group. Relative values of callus density evaluated by X-ray at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation in the experimental group were 39.22 +/- 2.48, 48.79 +/- 1.26, 63.78 +/- 1.78 and 78.60 +/- 1.25 respectively. Those in the control defects were 33.83 +/- 1.13, 41.28 +/- 1.25, 55.23 +/- 0.68 and 66.54 +/- 1.33. At each time point, the experimental side produced better and more trabeculae than the control side did (P < 0.01). Histological examination showed that the new bone formation in the experimental side at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation was 0.106% +/- 0.015%, 0.292% +/- 0.019%, 0.457% +/- 0.048% and 0.601% +/- 0.037%, while those in the control side was 0, 0.193% +/- 0.019%, 0.339% +/- 0.029% and 0.574% +/- 0.047% respectively. At each time point, the experimental side produced better new bone formation than the control side did (P < 0.05). The experimental side showed better compatibility between plates and surrounding tissue, faster bone formation, more bone regeneration mass and better medullary canal structure than the control side., Conclusion: PDLLA plate containing rhBMP-2 has good biocompatibility and osteoinducibility to enhance fracture healing.